FR3106147A1 - Wall comprising plant fibers and reinforced concrete reinforcement. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall (1a) comprising at least a first part (11) and at least a first reinforcement structure (12) secured to at least a first edge of said first part (11), the first reinforcement structure ( 12) being made of concrete reinforced with a frame (123). The first part (11) is formed of a filling material containing plant fibers and a binder of these fibers. FIGURE OF ABREGE: Fig. 1

Description

Wall with plant fibers and reinforced concrete reinforcement.

The present invention relates to the field of walls for the construction of buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known to produce walls by molding concrete parts against prefabricated reinforced concrete reinforcing structures.

Such walls are particularly heavy, which complicates the operations of transporting the wall to the place of construction of the building and the operations of lifting the wall to erect the building.

Moreover, such walls are particularly thermally conductive and they require the addition of thermal insulation in order to achieve a required level of thermal insulation.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a wall making it possible to address at least some of the aforementioned defects of the background of the invention.

To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a wall comprising at least a first part and at least a first reinforcing structure secured with at least a first edge of said first part, the first reinforcing structure being made of reinforced concrete. of a reinforcement.

The wall according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the first part is formed of a filling material containing plant fibers and a binder of these fibers.

The fact that the first part of the wall is essentially formed of a filler material containing plant fibers and of a binder of these fibers makes it possible to limit the total mass of the wall compared to a wall whose first part would be made solely of concrete. (vegetable fibers have a low density compared to that of concrete).

The use of a filling material containing plant fibers rather than just concrete is also advantageous because the plant fibers decrease the thermal conductivity of the wall and thus reduce the need for additional thermal insulation.

Ideally, the filler material has a dry (i.e. anhydride) mass percentage of at least 20% plant fibers, preferably at least 50% plant fibers, preferably at least 70% plant fibers .

The presence of plant fibers makes it possible to store carbon in the building, i.e. a storage of CO2 equivalent, very interesting for limiting the environmental impact associated with the manufacture of the wall.

According to a second aspect, the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wall according to any one of the wall embodiments according to the invention, comprising the pouring into a first molding zone of a mold of said material of filling containing plant fibers and a binder of these plant fibers followed by the pouring of concrete into a second molding zone of the mold adjacent to said first molding zone, this second molding zone containing said reinforcement for reinforcing said at least one first structure of reinforcement, the first molding zone being shaped so as to form the said at least a first part of the wall and the said second molding zone being shaped so as to form the said at least one first reinforcing structure.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a wall having the aforementioned advantages of the wall according to the invention, that is to say a limited thermal conductivity and a reduced mass of the wall.

Furthermore, according to the method of the invention, the first reinforcing structure is directly molded/manufactured in the mould, it is therefore not necessary to position prefabricated reinforced concrete reinforcing structures in the mould.

Thus, during the manufacture of the wall, the need to lift prefabricated reinforced concrete reinforcement structures is minimized and the risks for operators are reduced accordingly.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description given of it below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of several walls 1a according to the invention while they are positioned relative to each other on the site of construction of the building B1 to be able to be connected together by casting one or more chainings ;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the walls of FIG. 1 with two detail zones each illustrating the forms of recesses D1, D2 along the side edges of the wall in order to form therein a lateral chaining consisting of reinforcements taken from concrete (these reinforcements are reinforcements here but they could be made up of composite reinforcements as will be presented below);

FIG. 3 is a front view of the walls 1a illustrated in FIG. 1 before implementation of the link chains of these walls;

FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional view of a wall part 1a according to the invention illustrating a first reinforcement structure 12 made of reinforced concrete and its junction with a first part 11 of the wall 1a formed from filling material containing plant fibers , in this embodiment, a reservation screen 13 is present at the junction between the first reinforcing structure 12 and the part 11 of the wall 1a comprising the plant fibers, this reservation screen 13 making it possible to delimit a zone for the pouring of the concrete of the first reinforcement structure 12 while avoiding the passage of plant fibers in this reinforcement structure, moreover, as this screen 13 comprises a mesh provided with openings, during the pouring of the reinforcement structure 12, cement can pass through the screen and come into contact with the plant fibers (thus, the solidity of the reinforcing structure 12 is not compromised by the presence of plant fibers and the connection between the part 11 containing the plant fibers and the structure reinforcement 12 is thus improved);

Figure 4b illustrates a succession of steps implemented according to the manufacturing method of the invention to manufacture the wall according to the invention, here the reinforcing structure is molded on a main molding surface of the mold which is flat and horizontal , the reservation screens separate the molding zones to be filled with the filling material from the molding zone where the reinforced concrete reinforcement structure is to be molded and these reservation screens leave an access for pouring concrete located above the area provided for the molding of the first reinforcing structure;

FIG. 5a is a cross-sectional view of a wall part according to the invention illustrating a first reinforced concrete reinforcement structure 12 and its junction with a first part 11 of the wall formed from filling material containing plant fibers, in this embodiment, a reservation screen 13 is present at the junction between the first reinforcing structure 12 and the part 11 of wall 1a comprising the plant fibers, this reservation screen 13 is here in the form of a tube open at one at least of its longitudinal ends in order to be able to introduce concrete therein and form the reinforced concrete reinforcing structure in the tube, in a mold with substantially vertical main molding surfaces S1, S2;

FIG. 5b illustrates a succession of steps implemented according to the manufacturing method of the invention to manufacture the wall according to the invention, here the reinforcing structure 12 is molded between main molding surfaces S1, S2 of a mold M which are flat and substantially vertical, the reservation screens 13 which separate the molding zones are here in the form of tube(s) conforming to that of FIG. 5a, this tube extending vertically to be filled with concrete from its open upper end (this embodiment is particularly suitable for mass production using battery molds whose main molding surfaces S1, S2 are vertical and parallel to each other, the pouring of filling material and concrete towards the molds in battery being made by upper accesses formed between the main molding surfaces S1, S2);

FIG. 6a illustrates a first main molding surface S1 of a mold which is horizontal, flat and clean in order to be able to define therein a plurality of molding zones for molding therein a wall 1a according to the invention;

FIG. 6b illustrates the mold M of FIG. 6a which is equipped with rulers R1 pressed against the main molding surface S1 (in this case two side rulers to define opposite side edges of the wall, an upper ruler to define an upper edge of the wall and a lower edge ruler to define a lower edge of the wall);

FIG. 6c illustrates the mold M of FIGS. 6a and 6b used to implement the wall manufacturing method according to the invention, in this FIG. 6c, the mold M is equipped with mannequins 31, 32 to delimit through openings in the wall and profiles P1 to define recesses D0, D1, D2 at the periphery of the wall, along its edges;

FIG. 6d illustrates the mold M of FIG. 6c in the second molding zone 131 of which reinforcements 123 have been placed, in this case a reinforcement extending along the mannequins (there is here a first mannequin 31 to define a doorway which is surrounded on either side by pillar frames and a lintel frame and a second dummy 32 to define a window passageway along which is positioned a lintel frame);

FIG. 6e illustrates the mold M of FIG. 6d in the first molding zone 132 of which the filling material containing plant fibers is poured, it can be seen that the second molding zone 131 which contains the reinforcements 123 is reserved along the first molding zone 132 to be able to receive a concrete;

FIG. 6f illustrates the mold M of FIG. 6e whose first molding zone 132 has been filled with the filling material containing fibers and whose second molding zone 131 which contains the reinforcement 123 has been filled with concrete covering the major part of the armature 123;

figure 6g illustrates the mold M of figure 6f to which is added a second main molding surface S2, coming opposite the first main molding surface S1 to close the mold M and define the different molding zones 131, 132 in which the wall 1a will be molded, the first and second main molding surfaces S1, S2 are moved closer together to compact the filling material and the concrete which has been poured into the mold M in such a way to promote the connection between the reinforcing structure 12 and the filling material (an optional step of vibration of the mold can then be implemented and the wall can be put on hold, possibly steamed, until the wall has completely hardened. After complete hardening the wall can be removed from the mold M and can be brought to the construction site to be assembled there and form a building B1).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a wall 1a illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, and to a method of manufacturing such a wall.

The method of manufacturing the wall 1a according to the invention comprises a succession of steps respectively illustrated by the succession of figures 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g.

Referring to Figures 1 to 5b, we see that the wall 1a is a solid wall, that is to say a solid wall (a solid wall is a wall whose outer faces F1, F2 are manufactured together by molding in a same mould).

This wall comprises at least a first part 11 and at least a first reinforcing structure 12 secured with at least a first edge of said first part 11.

This first reinforcement structure 12 is made of concrete reinforced with a reinforcement 123. This reinforcement structure forms a chaining of the wall.

Reinforcement 123 is preferably a metal reinforcement known as reinforcement.

However, this reinforcement 123 can be formed from a composite assembly comprising long fibers, such as glass, basalt, carbon fibers, interconnected by a thermoplastic material, such as polyamide, or thermosetting. This composite assembly can take the form of a reinforcement cage comprising longitudinal stiffening beams of the reinforcement 123.

The wall 1a generally comprises a reinforcement structure 12 per through-opening of the wall in order to create reinforcements at the periphery of each through-opening, for example a door passage or a window passage.

The first part 11 of the wall which is secured with said first reinforcement structure 12 and possibly with other reinforced concrete reinforcement structures is essentially formed of a filler material containing plant fibers and a binder for these fibers.

These plant fibers are preferably selected from among wood fibers (presenting for example in the form of wood chips with a length of less than 50mm), miscanthus fibers (miscanthus contains a lot of silica which reacts very well with cement and promotes adhesion between the fiber and the cement), hemp fibers, hemp fibers, flax fibers, bamboo fibers (presenting for example in the form of bamboo plates of length less than 50mm, preferably from 5 to 20mm ) and a mixture of at least some of these plant fibers.

Preferably, these plant fibers have a maximum length of less than 150 mm, preferably less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm, and the vast majority of these fibers have a minimum length greater than 5 mm.

This selection of fiber dimensions makes it possible to obtain an easily moldable filler material with good mechanical strength after hardening of the filler material.

The binder of these plant fibers is preferably chosen from the group of binders comprising a hydraulic binder, a phenol-formaldehyde glue, resorcinol-formaldehyde glue, urea-formaldehyde glue, epoxy glue, polyurethane glue, vinyl glue, melamine-formaldehyde glue, polychloroprene, polycondensation glue and a mixture of at least some of these binders.

This group of binders ideally includes any glue whose polymerization is favored by the presence of water / water vapor, such as that naturally present in vegetable fibers.

Preferably, said hydraulic binder is chosen from the group of hydraulic binders consisting of cement, lime and plaster.

As understood from the different figures, the different reinforcing structures 12 and different parts 11 of the wall consisting of said filling material with plant fibers are molded together in the same mold.

The reinforcing structures 12 are preferably molded onto the parts 11, 11b of the wall 1a formed from said filler material.

Ideally, the reinforcement structures 12 in reinforced concrete are respectively molded onto the parts of the wall in filler material containing the plant fibers, while the filler material is not yet hardened.

This promotes the solidity of the connection between the fiber-reinforced parts and the reinforcing structures 12 made of reinforced concrete.

By hardening, the cement used in the reinforced concrete or possibly in the binder of the filling material, forms hydrates which give mechanical resistance to the wall.

By overmolding the reinforcing structures 12 on the filling material containing cement that has not yet hardened, binding hydrates are obtained between the reinforcing structures 12 and the parts of the wall formed from the fibrous filling material. This increases the strength of the wall.

Alternatively, the reinforcing structures 12 could be overmoulded on the parts of the wall formed by said filler material when this filler material is already hardened. This solution is less attractive because it lengthens the solidification time of the wall while reducing the strength of the connection between the reinforcing structures 12 and the filling material. Overmolding on an already hardened filler material may appear interesting in the case where the molding zone where the concrete intended to form the reinforcing structure 12 is poured is obtained by cutting the already hardened fibrous filler material.

In other words, one could envisage pouring the filling material into the mould, letting it solidify and then cutting this filling material to form molding zones 131 in the wall shaped to receive said reinforcement 123 and said concrete. , thus making it possible to obtain in this cut-out molding zone 131, said at least one first reinforcing structure 12. standard shape, the custom-shaped muse being made in a second step via the cutouts of the filling material.

In a preferred embodiment, the wall comprises at least one reservation screen 13 forming an interface between the first part 11 and said at least one first reinforcing structure 12.

This at least one reservation screen 13 is adapted to create a reservation zone 131 where said at least one first reinforcing structure 12 is molded.

This reservation screen makes it possible to limit the risk of passage of plant fibers towards the reservation zone where the first reinforcement structure is molded and thus to prevent these fibers from modifying the composition of the concrete used to form the reinforcement structure 12.

Typically, each reservation screen 13 is formed of a mesh having mesh openings allowing the passage of the binder of the filling material.

Ideally, the transverse binder passage dimensions of these meshes are strictly less than 15 mm, preferentially less than 1 cm, preferentially strictly inferior to 5 mm, preferentially inferior to 2 mm, preferentially superior to 0.5 mm.

Thus the mesh has binder passage section openings of section strictly less than 1 cm2, preferably less than 25 mm2, preferably less than 4 mm2, preferably greater than 0.25 mm2.

This makes it possible to bring the binder of the filling material into contact with the concrete of the reinforcing structure 12 to obtain a mechanical connection between the first part of the wall and the first reinforcing structure while limiting the presence of plant fibers in the reinforced concrete. of the reinforcing structure.

Furthermore, this mesh can be useful for improving the overall strength of the reinforcing structure 12.

In a particular embodiment, the wall can also include at least one first reinforcing strip 14 extending flat along a face F1 of the wall (in this case along the outer face F1 of the wall) to connect said at least a first part 11 to said first reinforcing structure 12 and thus oppose the formation of cracks visible from outside the wall at a junction limit between said at least a first part 11 and said first reinforcing structure 12.

In this case, as seen in the sectional views of Figures 4a to 5a, part of this first reinforcing strip 14 extends along a main face of said at least a first part 11 and a another part of this first reinforcing strip 14 extends along one face of said first reinforcing structure 12.

Preferably, the first reinforcing strip 14 is visible from outside the wall on the side of the face F1 of the wall 1a along which this first reinforcing strip 14 extends.

Thus, this reinforcing strip 14 can be provided to be coated after installation of the wall on the site or alternatively, it can be provided to directly form a facing of the wall.

In the case where this reinforcing strip 14 is a facing of the wall, provision can be made for this reinforcing strip to conform to the expected facing. This strip can thus have a predefined texture and it can for example consist of facing blocks interconnected by a weft of the reinforcing strip 14.

As illustrated, in the cross-sectional views 4a and 4b, said at least one reservation screen 13, when observed in a cross-sectional plane A-A of the screen, may have an open U-shaped cross-section in which said reinforcement extends 13.

Alternatively, as illustrated, in the cross-sectional views 5a and 5b, said at least one reservation screen 13, when observed in a cross-sectional plane A-A of the screen, may have a cross-section closed on itself in which s extends said armature 13.

As is understood from the different sectional views of the wall, this wall has an exterior face F1 intended to be oriented towards the exterior of the building comprising the wall and an interior face F2 intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building comprising this wall .

The first part 11 defines at least a portion of the exterior face F1 and at least a portion of the interior face F2 of the wall (we are indeed here in a solid wall which, at the location of the first part 11, is exclusively formed filling material extending continuously between the outer face F1 and the outer face F2.

Similarly, the first reinforcing structure 13 forms at least a portion of the exterior face F1 of the wall and at least a portion of the interior face F2 of the wall (here we are indeed in a solid wall which, at the location of the reinforcing structure 13, is exclusively formed of reinforced concrete extending continuously between the outer face and the outer face).

According to an alternative embodiment, the reinforcing structure 13 could extend over only part of the thickness of the wall and in this case the area where the reinforcing structure 13 is cast would be molded in a recess opening onto only one of the faces F1 or F2 of the wall. This recess would be formed in the thickness of the first part 11 of the wall.

In this embodiment, the first part of the wall could extend over an entire first face of the wall and thus serve as a continuous facing face.

In a particular embodiment, the wall can also comprise a second part 11b distinct from said first part 11, this second part 11b being essentially formed of said filler material containing said plant fibers, said at least one first reinforcing structure 12 being secured with at least one first edge of said second part 11b, this at least one first reinforcing structure 12 being between said first and second parts 11, 11b.

In this embodiment the wall could comprise a second frame (not shown) extending through said first reinforcing structure 12, this second frame penetrating into each of the first and second parts 11, 11b to connect them together.

This latter embodiment is not shown in the figures, but it can be useful, for example, when the first reinforcing structure takes the form of a post placed between first and second parts of the wall which it is desired to connect between they via a reinforcement specifically provided to pass through the post and extend outside the post to be engaged in each of said first and second parts of the wall which are made of said filling material containing plant fibers).

As indicated above, the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a wall 1a according to any one of the embodiments of wall 1a according to the invention.

In particular, the method according to the invention comprises the preparation of a mold M provided with different molding zones 131, 132 and in which have been placed the different reservation screens 13, the different reinforcements 123 and possibly said reinforcing strips 14 .

The different molding zones, in this case at least the first and second molding zones 131, 132 of the mold M are separated from each other by a reservation screen 13 intended to form an interface between the first part 11 of the wall 1a and said at least one first reinforcing structure 12 of the wall.

Ideally, as indicated previously, the reservation screen 13 is formed of a mesh having mesh openings allowing the passage of binder, the transverse dimensions of the passage of binder of which are strictly less than 15mm, preferentially less than 1cm, preferentially strictly inferior to 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, preferably greater than 0.5 mm.

Thus the mesh has binder passage section openings strictly less than 1 cm2, preferably less than 25 mm2, preferably less than 4 mm2, preferably greater than 0.25 mm2.

This makes it possible to bring the binder and the fibers of the filling material into contact with the concrete to obtain an improved mechanical connection between the first part of the wall and the first reinforcing structure while limiting the presence of plant fibers in the reinforced concrete of the first reinforcement structure.

Preferably, said at least one reservation screen 13, when observed in a cross-sectional plane of the screen, has a cross-section chosen from an open U-shaped cross-section in which said armature extends or a closed cross-section on it. -even in which said armature extends.

The U-shaped open cross-section screen is preferably used in the case where the wall is molded on a horizontal mold, that is to say a mold whose largest molding surface allowing to define a face of the wall is horizontal .

At the time of casting, the opening of the U is then oriented upwards to allow the placement of the reinforcement in the U and the pouring of the concrete around the reinforcement.

On the other hand, the screen with a closed cross-section, for example O or D, is preferably used in the case where the wall is molded on a vertical mould, such as a battery mould, that is to say a mold whose the largest molding surface to define a face of the wall is vertical.

In this case, the screen of closed cross section forms an open tube at at least one of its ends, called the upper end, the pouring of the concrete taking place via this upper opening to thus form the first reinforcing structure.

Prior to the pouring of said filling material into the first molding zone 132, a first reinforcing strip 14 is laid flat along a main molding surface S1 of the mold M, this main molding surface S1 of the mold being arranged to define a face of the wall.

Preferably, the reservation screen 13 is arranged opposite this first reinforcing strip 14.

It is also possible for the screen 13 and this first reinforcing strip 14 to be integral with each other, which makes it possible to avoid a relative displacement of the screen vis-à-vis the first strip of reinforcement during the pouring of filling material or concrete.

It is also conceivable that the screen 13 and the first reinforcing strip 14 form a single meshed part which, before being placed in the mold, is deformable in its cross section between:

- a flat cross-sectional shape in which the screen and the first reinforcement strip are folded against each other; And

- a form of deployed cross-section in which a major part of the screen is moved away from the first reinforcing strip to define an area for reception of reinforcement.

Preferably, this single meshed part formed of the screen 13 and of the first reinforcing strip 14 is designed to be able to be rolled up on itself along its length while it is in its flat cross-sectional shape.

This can be advantageous because the reservation screen 13 and the reinforcement strip 14 can be brought together in the form of a roll and be unrolled on demand and then cut together to obtain a length of mesh part adapted to the wall to be molded.

This meshed part thus cut to the right length can be deployed in the mold to define said first and second molding zones 132, 131 therein.

In another embodiment, said reservation screen 13 can be attached to the frame 123 and form a mesh structure which is conveyed to the mold in one and the same prefabricated assembly comprising the reservation screen and the frame ( this prefabricated assembly may or may not include said reinforcing strip).

After the preparation of this mold M, the method comprises the pouring into a first molding zone 132 of the mold M of the filling material containing the plant fibers and the binder followed by the pouring of the concrete into a second molding zone 131 of the adjacent mold M to said first molding zone 132, this second molding zone 131 containing said reinforcement 123 to reinforce said at least one first reinforcing structure 12.

The concrete is poured in such a way that at least a major part of the reinforcement is immersed in this concrete.

The first molding zone 132 is shaped so as to form the said at least one first part of the wall 11 therein and the said second molding zone 131 is shaped so as to form the said at least one first reinforcing structure 12 therein.

According to this method, all the parts of the wall composed of said filler material are created before creating the various reinforcing structures 12 of the wall, these reinforced concrete reinforcing structures.

Preferably the concrete of reinforced concrete reinforcement structures is poured before complete hardening of the filling material.

This is advantageous because the cement of the concrete comes to flow against the vegetable fibers of the not yet hardened filling material which increases the contact surface between the vegetable fibers and the cement of the concrete thus promoting the reactions between the cement of the concrete and the silica contained in vegetable fibers.

This greatly improves the consistency between the various reinforced concrete reinforcement structures and the parts of the wall formed from the fiber filling material.

As is understood from the various figures and in particular from the sectional views, the wall 1a preferably comprises at least one recess D0 extending over only part of the thickness of the wall and extending over at least an entire length of an upper edge of the wall 1a and possibly on one or two side edges of the wall. In the examples illustrated, there is a recess D0 on the upper edge of the wall 1a, a side recess D1 extending along a side edge of the wall for a connection in plan with another section of wall and a second side recess D2 of wall 1a for a corner connection with another wall.

Each disbursement D0, D1, D2 makes it possible to leave a void along the edges of the wall to form chainings there.

During the installation of the wall on the site, at least one external reinforcement 20 is inserted in the disbursements D0, D1, D2 of the edges of the wall 1a in order to connect this wall 1a to another section of wall 110, 120 of the building B1 or to a floor of this building B1.

Once the external reinforcement 20 has been positioned in the recess D0, D1, D2 of the wall which corresponds to it, concrete is poured into the recess D0, D1, D2 to secure the external reinforcement 20 to the wall and thus form a connection between this wall and another section of wall 110, 120 of building B1 or a floor of this building B1.

To achieve this recess D0, D1, D2 along the edge(s) of the wall 1a, the first and second molding zone 131, 132 are laterally delimited by profiles P1, here polystyrene profiles.

Each profile P1 has a thickness measured in the direction of the thickness of the wall to be made, which is less than the thickness of this wall.

Each profile P1 is preferably wedged against a main molding surface S1 of the mold M and against one of the side rules R1 which laterally delimit the molding zones 131, 132.

In order to obtain disbursements D0, D1, D2 each having a constant cross-section over the length of the disbursement, we ensure that each of the profiles P1 has a constant cross-section over its entire length.

Ideally the disbursements have the same shape of constant cross section over the entire length of these disbursements D0, D1, D2.

Preferably, the cross-section of a recess is in the form of a recess, the edges of which form an angle of at least 90° and preferably an open angle, which increases the connection surface with the chainings which are formed in these recesses.

Note that lateral rules R1 are positioned against the main molding surface S1 of the mold M to laterally delimit each of the first and second molding zones 131, 132 and thus define the height and width dimensions of the wall to be produced.

The through openings in the wall which are for example intended to position the door or window frames on the wall are made by mannequins 31, 32 also positioned against the main molding surface S1 and at a distance from at least some lateral rules R1.

Each dummy 31, 32 and each rule R1 has two plane faces parallel to each other.

A 31, 32 dummy is usually made of wood but it could also be made of metal.

Similarly, each R1 ruler is preferably made of metal, such as steel, but it could also be made of wood. Each dummy 31, 32 or ruler R1 can be held in position against the main molding surface S1 by different methods, such as by magnetization against the main molding surface (made of magnetizable metal) and/or gluing against this main molding surface S1.

Each of these planar dummy or ruler faces is designed to bear continuously against one of the main molding surfaces S1 of the mold M which corresponds to it and which is also planar. Sealing is thus obtained by plane-to-plane contact making it possible to avoid the passage of concrete/binder between the main molding surface and the ruler or between the main molding surface S1 and the dummy 31, 32.

Each rule R1 can carry a transversely compressible seal (not shown) to come into contact against the main molding surface S1 and provide a continuous seal over the entire length of the rule R1 against the corresponding main molding surface S1. Similarly, each dummy 31, 32 can carry a transversely compressible seal to come into contact against the corresponding main molding surface S1 and achieve continuous sealing over the entire periphery of the dummy against the corresponding main molding surface.

Thus, the mold M can comprise two main molding surfaces S1, S2 parallel to each other, the rulers and mannequins being placed between these main molding surfaces and being clamped between these main molding surfaces to define the first and second molding zones.

Sealing between the main molding surfaces S1, S2 and each rule and/or dummy can thus be obtained by crushing the compressible seals by reducing the distance separating these main molding surfaces of the mold M parallel to each other.

The invention is not limited to the examples described above and may include other embodiments, for example the number and shape of the parts of the wall made of the filling material may vary as well as the number and shape of the structures of reinforced concrete reinforcement.

Claims (17)

Wall (1a) comprising at least a first part (11) and at least a first reinforcing structure (12) secured to at least a first edge of said first part (11), the first reinforcing structure (12) being made of concrete reinforced with a reinforcement (123), characterized in that the first part (11) is formed of a filling material containing plant fibers and a binder for these fibers. Wall (1a) according to claim 1, wherein said plant fibers are selected from among wood fibers, miscanthus fibers, hemp fibers, hemp fibers, flax fibers, bamboo fibers and a mixture of at least some of these vegetable fibers. Wall (1a) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said fiber binder is selected from the group of binders comprising hydraulic binder, phenol-formaldehyde glue, resorcinol-formaldehyde glue, urea-formaldehyde glue, epoxy, polyurethane glue, vinyl glue, melamine-formaldehyde glue, polychloroprene glue, polycondensation glue and a mixture of at least some of these binders. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first reinforcing structure (12) is molded and said at least a first part (11) is also molded. Wall according to Claim 4, in which the reinforcing structure (12) is molded over the first part (11). Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising at least one reservation screen (13) forming an interface between the first part (11) and the said at least one first reinforcing structure (12), this at least a reservation screen (13) being adapted to create a reservation zone (131) where said at least one first reinforcing structure (12) is molded. Wall according to Claim 6, in which the reservation screen (13) is formed of a mesh having mesh openings allowing the passage of binder, the transverse dimensions of which for the passage of binder are strictly less than 15mm, preferably less than 1cm , preferably strictly less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, preferably greater than 0.5 mm. Wall according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, comprising a first reinforcing strip (14) extending flat along one face (F1) of the wall to connect the said at least one first part (11) to the said first reinforcement structure (12) and thus oppose the formation of cracks visible from the outside of the wall at the level of a junction limit between said at least a first part (11) and said first reinforcement structure ( 12). Wall according to any one of Claims 7 or 8, in which the said at least one reservation screen (13), when observed in a cross-sectional plane (A-A) of the screen, has a cross-section chosen from a cross-section U-shaped open cross-section in which said armature (123) extends or a cross-section closed on itself in which said armature (13) extends. Wall according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the wall comprises an exterior face (F1) and an interior face (F2), the first part (11) defining at least a portion of the exterior face (F1) of the wall and at least a portion of the interior face (F2) of the wall. Wall according to Claim 10, in which the said first reinforcing structure (13) forms at least a portion of the exterior face (F1) of the wall and at least a portion of the interior face (F2) of the wall. Wall according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, comprising a second part (11b) distinct from the said first part (11), this second part (11b) being essentially formed of the said filling material containing the said plant fibres, the said at least one first reinforcing structure (12) being secured to at least a first edge of said second part (11b) and this at least one first reinforcing structure (12) being between said first and second parts (11, 11b), a second reinforcement extending through said first reinforcement structure (12), this second reinforcement penetrating into each of the first and second parts (11, 11b) to connect them together. Method of manufacturing a wall (1a) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the pouring into a first molding zone (132) of a mold (M) of said filling material containing plant fibers and a binding these plant fibers followed by the pouring of concrete into a second molding zone (131) of the mold (M) adjacent to the said first molding zone (132), this second molding zone (131) containing the said reinforcement (123) for reinforcing said at least one first reinforcement structure (12), the first molding zone (132) being shaped so as to form the said at least one first part of the wall (11) and the said second molding zone (131) being shaped so as to so as to form said at least one first reinforcement structure (12). Process according to Claim 13, in which the first and second molding zones (131, 132) of the mold (M) are separated from each other by a reservation screen (13) intended to form an interface between the first part (11) of the wall (1a) and said at least one first reinforcing structure (12) of the wall. Process according to Claim 14, in which the reservation screen (13) is formed of a mesh having mesh openings allowing the passage of binder, the transverse dimensions of which for the passage of binder are strictly less than 15mm, preferably less than 1cm , preferably strictly less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, preferably greater than 0.5 mm. A method according to any one of claims 13 or 15, wherein said at least one reservation screen (13), when observed in a screen cross-sectional plane, has a cross-section selected from an open cross-section in U in which said armature extends or a cross-section closed on itself in which said armature extends. A method according to any of claims 13 to 16, wherein prior to pouring said filler material into the first molding zone (132), a first reinforcing strip (14) is laid flat along a surface main molding surface (S1) of the mold (M), this main molding surface (S1) of the mold being arranged to define a face of the wall.