EP2899327B1 - Insulating construction element and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an insulating building element, to an insulating wall comprising at least one such insulating building element, and to a method of manufacturing such an insulating building element.

This invention relates to the field of building and, more particularly, that of the manufacture of insulating building elements intended to be used for the manufacture of a wall of a building, more particularly for the manufacture of a facade of a building. such building.

Already known, such insulating building elements that can take the form of a massive prefabricated element comprising a concrete outer skin, an inner skin of concrete, and an insulating panel interposed between the two skins . Such an insulating building element has a significant weight which makes handling difficult both during its manufacture and during its installation on site.

A solution to this problem has been found by imagining an insulating building element comprising, again, a concrete outer skin, a concrete inner skin, and an insulating panel interposed between these two skins. This panel is, here, positioned at a distance from such a skin so as to provide, between this insulating panel and such skin, an internal volume inside which a concrete is cast, this after positioning of this building element. insulation on site. The use of such an insulating building element requires pouring, inside its internal volume, a significant amount of concrete which, on the one hand, decreases the insulation qualities of this insulating building element and, on the other hand, is not essential to guarantee the wall the mechanical qualities required. Finally, the presence of two concrete skins leads to the realization of an insulating building element which still has a significant weight detrimental to its handling.

A solution to this problem has been found in the form of an insulating building element comprising, on the one hand, an outer skin constituted by an insulating panel and, on the other hand, a concrete inner skin positioned at a distance from the outer skin, again to define an internal volume to be filled with concrete on site. The fact remains that such a solution requires, still still, to sink, inside the internal volume of this element, a significant amount of concrete which, again, decreases the insulation qualities of this element of insulating construction and, on the other hand, is not essential to guarantee the wall mechanical qualities required.

In the document WO2007 / 084005 there is described a construction element made of an insulating material and having a first skin and a second skin, parallel to the first skin, and positioned at a determined distance from this first skin. This construction element also comprises pillars, on the one hand, interposed between these two skins, this spaced apart and parallel to each other and, on the other hand, defining parallel longitudinal cavities. This construction element further comprises securing means for securing the pillars with the two skins. This building element is filled with cast concrete inside the longitudinal cavities, this for the realization of a wall. After solidification, the concrete, which includes these longitudinal cavities, constitutes vertical uprights. It will be observed that the wall, obtained by implementing this element of construction, has the disadvantage of not being stable horizontally. The document WO 2007/081233 A2 discloses an integral insulating construction element having transverse cavities.
The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of insulating building elements of the state of the art.

In particular, a first object of the invention is to provide a construction element whose implementation allows for an insulating wall having characteristics to ensure horizontal stabilization of the insulating wall.

Another object of the invention is to propose a construction element whose implementation makes it possible to produce an insulating wall having characteristics making it possible to guarantee an appropriate recovery of all the loads and the forces exerted on this insulating wall, in particular despite the presence of at least one opening for receiving a door, a window or other.

Yet another object of the invention is to propose a manufacturing method making it possible, on the one hand, to facilitate the manufacture of such a construction element in relation to the processes of the state of the art and, on the other hand to easily adapt the construction element to be manufactured (in particular as regards the positioning of cavities for receiving concrete), in particular as a function of the characteristics (for example the presence of at least one opening) of this element the future use of this building element, the future environment of that building element and / or the future characteristics sought for an insulating wall made from this building element.

• une première peau adoptant la forme d'un panneau ;
• une deuxième peau, adoptant la forme d'un panneau, réalisée en un matériau isolant, parallèle à la première peau, positionnée en regard de cette première peau et à une distance déterminée de cette première peau ;
• un noyau, interposé entre les deux peaux, et comportant une pluralité de plaques planes chacune réalisée en un matériau isolant, parallèle à ces deux peaux, et en applique contre ces deux peaux ;
• des moyens de solidarisation pour solidariser les plaques planes du noyau avec les deux peaux ;
• au moins une cavité longitudinale, d'une part, délimitée par les deux peaux ainsi que par au moins une plaque plane du noyau, d'autre part, s'étendant parallèlement à ces deux peaux, perpendiculairement à un premier côté de l'élément de construction isolant et à un deuxième côté de cet élément de construction isolant, opposé à ce premier côté, ainsi qu'entre ces deux côtés et, d'autre part encore, communiquant avec au moins une ouverture que comportent ces deux côtés ;
• au moins une cavité transversale, d'une part, délimitée par les deux peaux ainsi que par au moins deux plaques planes du noyau, d'autre part, s'étendant de manière parallèle à ces deux peaux, entre le premier côté et le deuxième côté, ceci en formant un angle aiguë avec ce premier côté et/ou avec ce deuxième côté et, d'autre part encore, communiquent avec au moins une des ouvertures que comportent ces deux côtés.

For this purpose, the invention relates to an insulating building element comprising:

• a first skin adopting the form of a panel;
• a second skin, adopting the form of a panel, made of an insulating material, parallel to the first skin, positioned opposite this first skin and at a determined distance from this first skin;
• a core, interposed between the two skins, and comprising a plurality of flat plates each made of an insulating material, parallel to these two skins, and applied against these two skins;
• securing means for securing the flat plates of the core with the two skins;
• at least one longitudinal cavity, on the one hand, delimited by the two skins as well as by at least one flat plate of the core, on the other hand, extending parallel to these two skins, perpendicularly to a first side of the element of insulating construction and a second side of this insulating building element, opposite to this first side, and between these two sides and, secondly, communicating with at least one opening that comprises these two sides;
• at least one transverse cavity, on the one hand, delimited by the two skins as well as by at least two flat plates of the core, on the other hand, extending in parallel manner with these two skins, between the first side and the second side, this forming an acute angle with the first side and / or with this second side and, secondly, communicate with at least one of the openings that comprise these two sides.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the insulating building element comprises at least one lateral cavity delimited by the two skins as well as by at least one flat plate of the core, extending in parallel manner with these two skins as well as along the first side or the second side of the insulating building element, and communicating with at least one of the openings that comprise this first side or second side.

Another characteristic consists in that the construction element comprises at least one central cavity delimited by the two skins as well as by two flat plates of the core extending parallel to these two skins as well as parallel to the first one. side and / or second side.

An additional feature is that the longitudinal cavity (s) and / or lateral cavity (s) and / or transverse cavity (s) and / or central cavity (s) contain concrete and are at least partially filled with such concrete .

The invention also relates to an insulating wall comprising, on the one hand, at least one insulating building element having the characteristics described above and, on the other hand, concrete poured into the cavity (s). at least one such insulating construction element.

Finally, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an insulating building element according to claim 10. Thus, the insulating building element according to the invention comprises a second skin and a core, or even a first skin , made of an insulating material, which advantageously makes it possible to propose an insulating construction element, on the one hand, the weight of which is considerably reduced compared to the elements of the state of the art which considerably facilitate its handling and, on the other hand, whose insulation qualities are considerably improved, this compared to the insulating building elements of the state of the art. In particular, the use of such an insulating building element for producing a wall makes it possible to considerably reduce the thermal bridges between the inside and the outside of a building.

The insulating construction element according to the invention comprises at least one longitudinal cavity extending between, on the one hand, a first side intended to constitute a lower side of this element and, on the other hand, a second side intended for constitute an upper side of this element. Such a longitudinal cavity is designed to receive internally a concrete which, after drying, defines an upright or a post to support the slabs and to ensure the descent of loads from the floors to the foundations.

Additionally, the insulating building element may comprise at least one transverse cavity designed to receive internally concrete which, after drying, defines a transverse cross member constituting a brace capable of ensuring the horizontal stabilization of a wall comprising such a component. insulating construction.

In addition, the insulating building element may comprise at least one lateral cavity designed, again, to internally receive concrete which, after drying, defines an upper or lower crossbar capable of ensuring a recovery of the bending forces exerted by the floors .

It will be observed that the cavities of the insulating building element are interconnected so that the concrete, poured inside this element, flows inside these cavities and forms a structure. This structure is of lattice type and / or is the frame of the wall made with such an element.

The use of the insulating construction element according to the invention makes it possible to produce a wall whose concrete is limited to cavities, or even to the first skin, and no longer to at least one of the skins and, above all, to the internal volume of an insulating building element of the state of the art.

This allows for a wall incorporating a significantly lower amount of concrete compared to the walls of the state of the art. This results, advantageously, a reduction in the amount of raw material (concrete) necessary for the realization of such a wall and, therefore, a reduction in the cost of this raw material.

This also makes it possible to reduce the mass of the walls of the building and, consequently, a reduction in the seismic loads as well as the reduction of the loads that the foundations must take back. The dimensions of these can then be reduced which allows, there still, to reduce the amount of raw material (concrete and reinforcements) for the realization of these foundations.

This results in an overall reduction in the amount of concrete required for the construction of the insulating walls and foundations, which also makes it possible to reduce, on the one hand, the quantity of concrete to be conveyed on site and to flow in place and, on the other hand, the time required for the pouring and, especially, for the drying of this concrete. It reduces, then advantageously, the time required for the construction of the building.

In addition, when such an insulating wall is produced with at least one insulating building element according to the invention, concrete is poured inside the cavities of at least one insulating building element, which concrete produces, then, advantageously, a monolithic connection with the concrete of the other cavities, foundations, floors and other insulating building elements juxtaposed.

Finally, the use of at least one such element of construction makes it possible, after curing of the concrete poured into at least one such element of construction, to produce an insulating wall having characteristics (structure, framework, amount, post, crossbeam , upper cross member, lower cross member) to ensure proper recovery of all loads and forces exerted on the insulating wall, in particular despite the presence of at least one opening for receiving a door, window or other.

The invention also consists of a method of manufacturing such an insulating building element.

This process consists, in particular, to use flat plates and / or panels made of an insulating material, already ready, and delivered in the factory in this form. This makes it possible to avoid, as in the state of the art, having to convey concrete with the precautions that it imposes, to use a table or a mold inside which the concrete is poured for the realization of a skin, and having to wait for the drying concrete skin to continue the implementation of the manufacturing process.

In addition, these flat plates and / or these panels are particularly light compared to a skin made of concrete which allows easy handling, especially manual, and avoids having to resort to a handling device, including a machine to turn a skin in concrete.

Finally, the implementation of this process can be carried out in any place and does not need to be implemented with a specific production tool (table, mold, handling equipment, including overturning) or in a specific location , especially equipped with such a production tool.

The implementation of the manufacturing process of the new insulating building element is therefore considerably facilitated compared to the manufacturing processes of the state of the art and makes it possible to achieve substantial savings by avoiding the need to use a tool for production (mold, handling equipment) expensive and cumbersome. In addition, the implementation of this manufacturing method allows a substantial time saving, in particular due to the lack of waiting for the drying time of the concrete.

It will be observed, also, that the manufacturing method according to the invention facilitates the manufacture of a building element, this compared to the manufacturing processes of the state of the art.

In addition and advantageously, this manufacturing process makes it possible to manufacture a custom-made construction element. In particular, this manufacturing method makes it easy to adapt the construction element to be manufactured (in particular by positioning cavities for receiving concrete), in particular as a function of the characteristics (for example the presence of at least one opening) of this building element, the future use of that building element, the future environment of that building element and / or future (in particular allowing the recovery of loads and efforts appropriately) sought for an insulating wall made from this element of construction.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description relating to embodiments which are given by way of indicative and non-limiting examples.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématisée et en perspective de l'élément de construction isolant conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue schématisée et en coupe selon II-II de l'élément de construction isolant illustré figure 1 ;
• la figure 3 est une vue schématisée, de côté, et correspondant à un détail d'une première extrémité de l'élément de construction isolant illustré figure 1 ;
• la figure 4 est une vue similaire à la figure 3 et correspond à un détail d'une deuxième extrémité de l'élément de construction isolant illustré figure 1.

The understanding of this description will be facilitated by reference to the appended drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating construction element according to the invention;
• the figure 2 is a schematic and sectional view along II-II of the illustrated insulating construction element figure 1 ;
• the figure 3 is a schematic side view, corresponding to a detail of a first end of the illustrated insulating construction element figure 1 ;
• the figure 4 is a view similar to the figure 3 and corresponds to a detail of a second end of the insulating building element illustrated figure 1 .

The present invention relates to the field of building and, more particularly, that of the manufacture of insulating building elements intended to be used for the manufacture of a wall of a building, more particularly for the manufacture of a wall of buildings. a facade of such a building.

In fact, such an insulating building element 1 adopts substantially the shape of a parallelepiped and has two substantially planar faces 2 and a plurality of sides (3, 4, 5, 5 ') of which, on the one hand, a first side 3 intended to form a lower side in the service position of this insulating building element 1 (that is to say when this insulating construction element 1 is installed on a construction site for the production of an insulating wall), on the other hand, a second side 4, opposite the first side 3, and intended to constitute an upper side in the service position of the insulating construction element 1 and, secondly, lateral sides (5, 5 ') .

Such an insulating building element 1 comprises a first skin 6, intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building, and adopting the shape of a panel 60.

Such a first skin 6 may be made of concrete, a composite material, or (and preferably) an insulating material.

Such an insulating building element 1 also comprises a second skin 7, intended to be oriented towards the outside of the building, adopting the shape of a panel 70, and made of an insulating material.

Such a second skin 7 is parallel to the first skin 6, positioned facing this first skin 6 and at a determined distance from this first skin 6.

In this connection, it should be observed that, when such a first skin 6 and / or such a second skin 7 are made of an insulating material, this insulating material may consist of wood (more particularly in the form of wood fibers. or wood wool), rockwool, PVC, polyurethane (especially in the form of polyurethane foam), polystyrene (especially in the form of polystyrene foam) or other.

Said insulating construction element 1 comprises, again, a core 8, interposed between the first skin 6 and the second skin 7, parallel to these two skins (6, 7), and made of an insulating material.

Here again, such an insulating material may consist of PVC, of polyurethane (in particular in the form of a polyurethane foam), of polystyrene (in particular in the form of a polystyrene foam) or the like.

This core 8 comprises a plurality of flat plates 9 each made of an insulating material, each parallel to the two skins (6, 7), and each applies against these two skins (6, 7), more particularly by being sandwiched between these two skins (6, 7).

The insulating construction element 1 also comprises securing means 10 for securing the flat plates 9 of the core 8 with the two skins (6, 7).

According to a first embodiment not shown corresponding to an insulating building element 1 comprising a first skin 6 made of concrete, these securing means 10 may be constituted by hollow portions (more particularly in the form of grooves and / or adopting a profile dovetail) that comprise the flat plate (s) 9 of the core 8 and inside which penetrates the concrete of this first skin 6.

According to another embodiment not shown, these securing means 10 may be constituted by staples or connectors (more particularly in the form of pins, fir or rods) equipping (or even passing through) the flat plates 9 and engaged in at least one of the two skins (6, 7).

However, and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, these securing means 10 consist of an adhesive interposed between the flat plates 9 and, as the case may be, the first skin 6 and / or the second skin 7.

Said insulating construction element 1 also comprises at least one longitudinal cavity (11, 11 ') delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by at least one flat plate 9 of the core 8.

According to a particular embodiment, such a longitudinal cavity 11 'may be delimited by a flat plate 9, this in the vicinity of a lateral side 5' of the insulating construction element 1 as visible figures 1 and 2 . However, and according to a preferred embodiment, such a longitudinal cavity 11 is delimited, on either side, by at least one flat plate 9 of the core 8.

Such a longitudinal cavity (11, 11 ') extends, on the one hand, parallel to the two skins (6, 7) of the insulating construction element 1, on the other hand, perpendicular to the first side 3 of this element insulating construction 1 as well the second side 4 of this insulating building element 1 and, secondly, between these two sides (3, 4).

Finally, such a longitudinal cavity (11, 11 ') communicates with at least one opening (12; 12') that comprise these two sides (3; 4). A preferred embodiment is that such a longitudinal cavity (11, 11 ') extends to these two sides (3, 4) and opens at these sides (3, 4), more particularly by such an opening (12; 12 ').

It will be observed that such a longitudinal cavity (11, 11 ') is designed to extend vertically, in the service position of the insulating construction element 1 on site.

Another characteristic of this insulating construction element 1 consists in that it comprises at least one lateral cavity (14, 14 ') delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by at least one flat plate 9 of the core 8.

Such a lateral cavity (14; 14 ') extends parallel to these two skins (6, 7) and, as the case may be, along the first side 3 or along the second side 4 of the building element Insulator 1. Such a lateral cavity (14; 14 ') communicates, again, with an opening (12; 12') that include, as the case, this first side 3 or this second side 4.

In fact, such a cavity (14; 14 ') opens at such a side (3; 4) through such an opening (12; 12') which is preferably of the longitudinal type and extends over at least part, indeed (and preferably) over the entire length of such a side (3; 4).

It will be observed that such a lateral cavity (14; 14 ') is designed to extend horizontally, and, as the case may be, in the lower part (along the first side 3 constituting the lower side) or in the upper part ( along the second side 4 constituting the upper side) of the insulating construction element 1, this in the service position of this insulating construction element 1 on site.

It has been illustrated Figures 1 to 3 a preferred embodiment of the invention comprising a longitudinal cavity 14 extending along the first side 3 of the insulating building element 1 intended to constitute the lower side of this insulating building element 1 in the operating position. It is, more particularly, within this longitudinal cavity 14 that will extend the pending frames that comprise the foundations.

On these Figures 1 to 3 , there is also shown a longitudinal cavity 14 'extending along the second side 4 of the insulating building element 1, intended to constitute the upper side of this insulating building element 1 in the service position, and at the which concrete is introduced inside this building element 1 this in the service position of this construction element 1 on site.

Another feature of the invention is that the second skin 7 has an extension 71 extending laterally with respect to the first side 3 or the second side 4, so that the flat plate 9 or 9 of the core 8 and the first skin 6 are positioned recessed with respect to the free end of this extension 71 of the second skin 7.

In fact, the presence of such an extension 71 allows the creation of a recess for the reception of an armature and / or a slab end, or even for the creation of a formwork element of a concrete of chaining between the insulating building element 1 and the slab.

It has been illustrated figures 1 , 2 and 4 a preferred embodiment of the invention wherein the second skin 7 comprises an extension 71 extending laterally with respect to the second side 4 intended to constitute the upper side of the insulating construction element 1 in the operating position.

In such a case, such an extension 71 allows the creation of a recess defining a console for receiving, superimposed, a frame and / or a slab end.

Yet another characteristic of the invention consists in that the insulating building element 1 comprises at least one transverse cavity (15, 15 ') delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by at least two flat plates 9 of the core 8.

Such a transverse cavity (15, 15 ') extends parallel to these two skins (6, 7) as well as forming an acute angle with the first side 3 of the insulating building element 1 and / or with the second side 4 of the insulating building element 1 as visible figure 2 .

Such a transverse cavity (15; 15 ') may also form an acute angle with a longitudinal cavity (11; 11') and / or with a lateral cavity (14; 14 '), again as visible figure 2 .

An additional feature is that this or these transverse cavities (15; 15 '), on the one hand, extend between the first side 3 of the insulating building element 1 and the second side 4 of this building element 1 and, on the other hand, communicate (directly or indirectly) with an opening (12; 12 ') that comprise these two sides (3; 4).

A particular embodiment is that such a transverse cavity (15, 15 ') extends to at least one of these two sides (3, 4) and opens at such a side ( 3, 4), more particularly by such an opening (12; 12 ').

Another embodiment is that such a transverse cavity (15; 15 ') extends between, on the one hand, a longitudinal cavity (11, 11') and / or a lateral cavity (14, 14 '). ) with which this transverse cavity (15; 15 ') communicates and, on the other hand, another longitudinal cavity (11'; 11) and / or another lateral cavity (14 ', 14) with which this transverse cavity communicates ( 15, 15 '), the first side 3 of the insulating building element 1 or the second side 4 of this insulating building element 1 which have an opening with which this transverse cavity (15; 15') communicates.

Another characteristic of this insulating construction element 1 consists in that it comprises at least one central cavity 16 delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by two flat plates 9 of the core 8.

Such a central cavity 16 extends parallel to these two skins (6, 7) as well as parallel to the first side 3 and / or the second side 4 of the insulating construction element 1. Such a central cavity 16 extends between the lateral sides (5, 5 '), in particular up to at least one such lateral side (5, 5') or between, on the one hand, a longitudinal cavity 11 with which this central cavity 16 communicates and, on the other hand, a transverse cavity 15 (as visible figure 2 ) or another longitudinal cavity (11, 11 ') with which (15, 11, 11') communicates this central cavity 16.

It will be observed that such a central cavity 16 is designed to extend horizontally, in the service position of this insulating construction element 1 on site.

Another characteristic is that the longitudinal cavity (s) (11, 11 ') and / or the lateral cavity (s) (14, 14') and / or the transverse cavity (s) (15, 15 ') and / or the or the central cavities 16 may comprise, internally, at least one structural reinforcement 13 and / or at least one reinforcing means of the construction element 1.

In this regard, it will be observed that such a structural reinforcement 13 and / or such reinforcement means extend over at least part, indeed (and preferably) over the whole, of the length of a cavity, depending on the case, longitudinal (11, 11 '), lateral (14; 14'), transversal (15, 15 ') or central 16.

In fact, such a frame 13 may be made of a metallic material and / or adopt the shape of a basket or the like.

Such a reinforcing means may consist of an elongate element, in particular made of wood or metal.

Such an elongated element may, then, be constituted by a beam, a plate, a bar, or a profile, including adopting an "L" section, in "U" or "I". Such reinforcing means (in particular in the form of a plate or a profile) may comprise through openings designed to allow a flow of concrete through this reinforcing means, this during the casting of such concrete to the concrete. inside the building element 1.

In fact, such a reinforcing means can be positioned inside a lateral cavity (14; 14 '), this so as to extend horizontally inside the construction element 1 when the one It is set up on a construction site. Such reinforcement means is used in the composition of an upper or lower cross member adapted to ensure recovery of the bending forces exerted by the floors and thus contributes to such recovery.

Such a reinforcing means may also be positioned inside a longitudinal cavity (11; 11 '), so as to extend vertically inside the construction element 1 when the It is set up on a construction site. Such reinforcing means is used in the composition of an amount or a post intended to support the slabs and to ensure the descent of the loads from the floors to the foundations and contributes, therefore, to support these slabs and to ensure such descent of charge.

Such a reinforcing means may also be positioned within a transverse cavity (15; 15 '), so that it extends transversely inside the construction element 1 when the It is set up on a construction site. Such a reinforcing means is used in the composition of a transverse cross member constituting a brace capable of ensuring the horizontal stabilization of a wall comprising such a construction element 1 and then contributes to ensuring such stabilization.

Yet another feature is that at least one flat plate 9 of the core 8 has a housing 90, extending at least over a portion of the thickness of such a flat plate 9, communicating with a facial opening that includes a face of such a flat plate 9 (such a opening being then oriented in the direction, as the case may be, of the first skin 6 or the second skin 7), and receiving, internally, a part 17 of framework or support.

Such a housing 90 may extend between two sides (3, 4; 5, 5 ') of the insulating building element 1, more particularly between the first side 3 and the second side 4 of this insulating building element 1 or still between the two lateral sides (5, 5 ') thereof, in particular until at least in the vicinity of such a side (3, 4, 5, 5'), or even to such a side (3 , 4, 5, 5 '). Such a housing 90 may then open at least near such a side (3, 4, 5, 5 '). Such a housing 90 may, again, extend between, on the one hand, a cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16) as mentioned above and, on the other hand, such side (3, 4, 5, 5 ') or another cavity (11, 11', 14, 14 ', 15, 15', 16) as illustrated figure 2 , in particular to open near such a side (3, 4, 5, 5 ') or to communicate with such a cavity (11, 11', 14, 14 ', 15, 15', 16).

It will be observed that such a housing 90 may extend either perpendicularly to the first side 3 and / or the second side 4 of the insulating building element 1 (and thus extend vertically in the service position of the insulating construction element 1), or parallel to these sides (3, 4) of the insulating construction element 1 (and thus extend horizontally in the service position of the insulating construction element 1), that is, again, forming an acute angle with these sides (3, 4).

Such a housing 90 may take the form of a groove, on the one hand, extending parallel to the flat plate 9 comprising this housing 90, on the other hand, communicating with an opening (91; 91 ') that comprises two sides (92, 92 ') of such a flat plate 9 (this to open at these two sides 92, 92' of the flat plate 9), and, secondly, receiving, internally, a part 17 frame or support.

With regard to this frame part 17, it may be constituted by a beam (in particular metal, wood or composite material) able to contribute to the recovery of loads.

In particular, such a frame part 17 can then extend perpendicular to the first side 3 and / or to the second side 4 of the insulating construction element 1 ( figure 2 ) and, when this construction element 1 is in the service position, contribute to supporting the slabs and to ensure the descent of loads from the floors to the foundations.

A support piece 17 can be constituted by a fastening support piece on which an object can be fixed, in particular through the first skin 6 or the second skin 7. Such a fastening support part 17 can adopt the shape a beam, a stud or a plate and / or be made of metal, wood or composite material.

As mentioned above, such a part 17 of frame or support is received inside a housing 90 that includes a flat plate 9 of the core 8. Such a frame 17 part or support is positioned , then also, inside the building element 1, more particularly at the rear of a skin (6; 7).

Another feature of the invention is that the longitudinal cavity (s) (11, 11 ') and / or the lateral cavity (s) (14; 14') and / or the transverse cavity (s) (15, 15 ') and / or the central cavity (s) 16 and / or the housing 90 have a polygonal section, more particularly rectangular or (and preferably) square.

Finally, a particular embodiment of the invention consists in that the longitudinal cavity (s) (11, 11 ') and / or the lateral cavity (s) (14, 14') and / or the transverse cavity (s) (15 , 15 ') and / or the central cavity or cavities 16 contain concrete and are then at least partially filled with such concrete.

Such an embodiment makes it possible, advantageously and during the pouring of concrete inside a construction element 1 on site, to reduce the quantity of concrete to be poured inside such a construction element 1, therefore to decrease the quantity of concrete to be conveyed on site. This allows, in particular, to limit the amount of concrete to that required to perform the keying between the construction elements 1. This embodiment also makes it possible to reduce the time required to pour the concrete inside the building elements 1.

According to a particular embodiment, the central cavity (s) 16 contain such a concrete, which advantageously makes it possible for this central cavity (s) 16 to contain any concrete (in particular in an appropriate quantity) while is difficult to penetrate such a concrete within such a central cavity 16 when pouring concrete inside the construction element 1 on site, especially because such a central cavity 16 extends substantially horizontally when the construction element 1 adopts a service position on this site.

The invention also relates to an insulating wall comprising, on the one hand, at least one insulating construction element 1 having the characteristics described above and, on the other hand, concrete poured into the interior of the cavities (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16) of at least one such insulating construction element 1.

In fact, such an insulating wall preferably comprises a juxtaposition of a plurality of these insulating construction elements 1.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an insulating building element 1 having the characteristics described above.

• par-dessus une couche de béton formant un panneau 60 destiné à constituer une première peau 6 de l'élément de construction isolant 1 ou par-dessus un panneau 60 réalisé en un matériau isolant et destiné à constituer une telle première peau 6, on positionne une pluralité de plaques planes 9 réalisées en un matériau isolant et destinées à constituer un noyau 8 de l'élément de construction isolant 1, ceci en sorte de définir entre ces plaques planes 9 au moins un réceptacle destiné à constituer une cavité (11, 11', 14, 14', 15, 15', 16) présentant les caractéristiques décrites ci-dessus et que comporte l'élément de construction isolant 1;
• par-dessus les plaques planes 9 du noyau 8, on positionne un panneau 70 réalisé en un matériau isolant et destiné à constituer une deuxième peau 7 de l'élément de construction isolant 1;
• on assure la solidarisation entre les plaques planes 9 du noyau 8 et les deux peaux (6, 7) de l'élément de construction isolant 1.

This process consists of:

• over a concrete layer forming a panel 60 intended to constitute a first skin 6 of the insulating building element 1 or over a panel 60 made of an insulating material and intended to constitute such a first skin 6, is positioned a plurality of flat plates 9 made of an insulating material and intended to constitute a core 8 of the insulating construction element 1, so as to define between these flat plates 9 at least one receptacle intended to constitute a cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16) having the characteristics described herein. above and that comprises the insulating construction element 1;
• above the flat plates 9 of the core 8 is positioned a panel 70 made of an insulating material and intended to form a second skin 7 of the insulating construction element 1;
• it is secured between the flat plates 9 of the core 8 and the two skins (6, 7) of the insulating construction element 1.

As mentioned above, the plurality of flat plates 9 of the core 8 are positioned over a layer of concrete forming a panel 60 intended to constitute a first skin 6 of the insulating building element 1.

In this respect, it will be observed that, according to a first embodiment, these flat plates 9 are positioned over a layer of concrete, constituted by dried concrete, and forming a concrete panel 60 intended to constitute a first skin 6 of the insulating building element 1.

According to a second embodiment, these flat plates 9 are positioned over a layer of concrete, cast in a mold, constituted by still wet concrete, and forming, after drying of this concrete, a panel 60 intended to constitute such a concrete. first skin 6 of the insulating construction element 1.

However, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plurality of flat plates 9 is positioned over a panel 60 made of an insulating material and intended to constitute such a first skin 6.

As mentioned above, the method comprises positioning a plurality of flat plates 9 over a concrete layer or over a panel 60.

In this respect, it will be observed that such positioning is ensured so that these flat plates 9 extend from parallel to such a concrete layer or panel 60.

As mentioned above, the method consists in ensuring that the flat plates 9 and the two skins (6, 7) are secured together.

According to a first embodiment, such a securing is ensured by engaging connectors (as described above), on the one hand, at least inside (or even through) flat plates 9 intended to form the core. 8 of the insulating building element 1 and, secondly, inside the still wet layer of concrete forming after drying the panel 60 intended to constitute the first skin 6 of the insulating construction element 1 or to the inside of the panel 60 made of an insulating material and intended to constitute this first skin 6 and / or inside the panel 70 made of an insulating material and intended to form the second skin 7 of the insulating construction element 1 .

According to another type of embodiment, such a fastening is ensured by positioning the flat plates 9 over a layer of still wet concrete forming after drying the panel 60 intended to constitute the first skin 6 of the insulating building element 1 and authorizes the penetration of this concrete inside hollow portions (as described above) that comprise these flat plates 9.

However, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the joining is ensured by gluing the panel 70 made of an insulating material and intended to constitute the second skin 7 of the insulating building element 1, this on the flat plates 9 intended to form the core 8 of this insulating construction element 1 and / or by gluing the flat plates 9 intended to constitute this core 8, this on the panel 60 (constituted by a layer of dried concrete or made of an insulating material) for to constitute the first skin 6 of the insulating construction element 1.

As mentioned above, above the flat plates 9 of the core 8 is positioned a panel 70 made in one insulating material and intended to constitute a second skin 7 of the insulating construction element 1.

Also and according to a particular embodiment of the invention, before positioning such a panel 70 over the flat plates 9 of the core 8, concrete is poured inside at least one receptacle intended to form a cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16) of the insulating construction element 1.

In this regard, it will be observed that this concrete is poured inside such a receptacle while the panel 60 of the first skin 6 extends horizontally. This allows, then advantageously, to pour such a concrete flat.

Another feature of this method may be that, inside at least one receptacle intended to constitute a cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16) of the element of 1, at least one structural reinforcement 13 (as described above) and / or at least one reinforcement means (as described above) of the construction element 1 are positioned before positioning , over the flat plates 9 of the core 8, a panel 70 made of an insulating material and intended to form a second skin 7 of the insulating construction element 1.

It will be observed that all the stages of this manufacturing process can be implemented in the workshop and in the factory.

During the implementation of this method, the first skin 6 and / or the second skin 7 and / or the core 8 advantageously extend substantially horizontally.

Finally, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an insulating wall comprising at least one insulating construction element 1 as described above and / or as obtained by the implementation of the method described above.

This method of manufacture consists in positioning at least one such insulating construction element 1 on a support constituted either by foundations or by another insulating construction element 1, this in the service position and on a construction site.

In fact, such an insulating building element 1 is positioned so that it extends vertically.

This method then consists in casting concrete inside such an insulating building element 1, more particularly inside at least one cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16) as described above. In fact, this concrete is cast inside such an insulating building element 1, this through at least one opening (12; 12 ') that comprises a side (3; 4) of this building element. 1, more particularly that has the second side 4, opposite the first side 3, and constituting the upper side of the insulating building element 1, this in the service position of the latter 1.

Another characteristic of this method consists in that, prior to pouring the concrete inside the insulating building element 1, at least one structural reinforcement 13 (as described above) and / or at least one reinforcement means (as described above) of the construction element 1, this inside at least one cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16 ) that comprises this insulating construction element 1. Such a characteristic can then be implemented alternately or complementary to the positioning, in the workshop, of such a structural reinforcement 13 and / or such a reinforcement means inside a receptacle intended to constitute a cavity (11, 11 ', 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16), this as described above.

Claims (15)

1. An insulating construction element (1) comprising:

   - a first skin (6) adopting the shape of a panel (60);

   - a second skin (7), adopting the form of a panel (70), made of an insulating material, parallel to the first skin (6), positioned in front this first skin (6) and at a determined distance from said first skin (6);

   - a core (8), interposed between the two skins (6 ; 7), and including a plurality of flat plates (9) each made of an insulating material, parallel to these two skins (6 ; 7), and applied against these two skins (6 ; 7);

   - fastening means (10) for making the flat plates (9) of the core (8) integral with the two skins (6 ; 7);

   - at least one longitudinal cavity (11, 11'), on the one hand, delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by at least one flat plate (9) of the core (8), on the other hand, extending parallel to these two skins (6, 7), perpendicularly to a first side (3) of the insulating construction element (1), and to a second side (4) of this insulating construction element (1), opposite this first side (3), as well as between these two sides (3, 4) and, yet on the other hand, communicating with at least one opening (12 ; 12') these two sides (3 ; 4) include;

   - this insulating construction element (1) being characterized in that it includes at least one transverse cavity (15, 15'), on the one hand, delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by at least two flat plates (9) of the core (8), on the other hand, extending parallel to these two skins (6, 7), between the first side (3) and the second side (4), while including an acute angle with this first side (3) and/or with this second side (4) and, yet on the other hand, communicating with at least one of the openings (12 ; 12') these two sides (3 ; 4) include.
2. The insulating construction element (1) according to claim 1, wherein it includes at least one lateral cavity (14, 14'), delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by at least one flat plate (9) of the core (8), extending parallel to these two skins (6, 7) as well as along the first side (3) or the second side (4) of the insulating construction element (1), and communicating with at least one of the openings (12 ; 12') this first side (3) or this second side (4) include.
3. The insulating construction element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein it includes at least one central cavity (16), delimited by the two skins (6, 7) as well as by two flat plates (9) of the core (8), extending parallel to these two skins (6, 7) as well as parallel to the first side (3) and/or to the second side (4).
4. The insulating construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal cavity or cavities (11, 11') and/or the lateral cavity or cavities (14, 14') and/or the transverse cavity or cavities (15, 15') and/or the central cavity or cavities (16) include, internally, at least one structure reinforcement (13) and/or at least one means for reinforcing the construction element (1).
5. The insulating construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal cavity or cavities (11, 11') and/or the lateral cavity or cavities (14, 14') and/or the transverse cavity or cavities (15, 15') and/or the central cavity or cavities (16) contain concrete and are at least partially filled with such a concrete.
6. The insulating construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one flat plate (9) of the core (8) includes a recess (90), extending at least over part of the thickness of such a flat plate (9), communicating with an opening a face of such a flat plate (9) includes, and receiving, internally, a framework or support part (17).
7. The insulating construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second skin (7) includes an extension (71) extending laterally with respect to the first side (3) or to the second side (4), so that the flat plate or plates (9) of the core (8) as well as the first skin (6) are positioned set back with respect to the free end of the extension (71) of the second skin (7).
8. The insulating construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first skin (6) is made of an insulating material, of a composite material or of concrete.
9. The insulating construction element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fastening means (10) consist of clips, of connectors or of a glue.
10. A method for manufacturing an insulating construction element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said method consisting in that:

    - over a concrete layer forming a panel (60) for forming a first skin (6) of the insulating construction element (1) or over a panel (60) made of an insulating material and intended to form such a first skin (6) are positioned a plurality of flat plates (9) made of an insulating material and intended to form a core (8) of the insulating construction element (1), such as to define between these flat plates (9) at least one receptacle intended to form a cavity (11, 11', 14, 14', 15, 15', 16) of the insulating construction element, among which at least one transverse cavity (15, 15'), on the one hand, delimited by the first skin (6), by a second skin (7), as well as by at least two flat plates (9) of the core (8), on the other hand, extending parallel to these two skins (6, 7), between a first side (3) and a second side (4) of the building element (1), while including an acute angle with this first side (3) and/or with this second side (4) and, yet on the other hand, communicate with at least one of the openings (12 ; 12') these two sides (3; 4) include;

    - over the flat plates (9) of the core (8) is positioned a panel (70) made of an insulating material and intended to form the second skin (7) of the insulating construction element (1);

    - the making integral of the flat plates (9) of the core (8) and the two skins (6, 7) of the insulating construction element (1) is ensured.
11. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of planar plates (9) of the core (8) are positioned over a concrete layer, either formed of dried concrete forming a panel (60) made of concrete and intended to form the first skin (6) of the insulating construction element (1), or cast in a mold, formed of still wet concrete, and forming, after drying of this concrete, a panel (60) intended to form such a first skin (6).
12. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 10 or 11, wherein, inside at least one receptacle intended to form a cavity (11, 11', 14, 14', 15, 15', 16) of the insulating construction element (1) are positioned at least one structure reinforcement (13) and/or at least one means for reinforcing the component (1).
13. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the making integral is ensured by inserting connectors, on the one hand, at least into the flat plates (9) intended to form the core (8) of the insulating construction element (1) and, on the other hand, into the still wet concrete layer forming, after drying, the panel (60) intended to form the first skin (6) of the insulating construction element (1) or into the panel (60) made of an insulating material and intended to form this first skin (6) and/or into the panel (70) made of an insulating material and intended to form the second skin (7) of the insulating construction element (1).
14. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the making integral is ensured by gluing the panel (70) made of an insulating material and intended to form the second skin (7) of the insulating construction element (1), to the flat plates (9) intended to form the core (8) of this insulating construction element (1) and/or by gluing the flat plates (9) intended to form this core (8), to the panel (60) intended to form the first skin (6) of the insulating construction element (1).
15. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein, prior to positioning the panel (70) intended to form the second skin (7) over the flat plates (9) of the core (8), concrete is poured into at least one receptacle intended to form a cavity (11, 11', 14, 14', 15, 15', 16) of the insulating construction element (1).

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