FR2800767A1 - Prefabricated panel for studding wall has lightweight insulation core with impermeable protective layer, metal frames and timber battens - Google Patents

Abstract

The panel, especially for a studding wall with a half-timbered finish, consists of a core (1a) of a lightweight insulation material covered with an impermeable protective layer (3), e.g. of fibre-reinforced cement with a cob-effect outer surface. The core can be made from a number of layers with different properties, including reinforcing mesh and surface finishes. The panel has an outer frame of metal profiles (2), with timber battens (4a, 4b) to hold adjacent panels together and fix them to a supporting framework with the aid of screws, bolts (7) or glue.

Description

The present invention relates to prefabricated panels for half-timbered constructions and their method of implementation.

In some French regions, particularly in Alsace, Normandy and the Landes, half-timbered houses are traditionally built.

The construction begins general by the assembly on the construction site of wooden frameworks then by filling the gaps left between the pieces of framework with the aid of cob, used in the old houses, constituted of kneaded clay, of straw, of hay, wood residue.

Nowadays the filling is carried out using bricks followed by an exterior plaster and an inner lining with interposition of insulating panels.

This type of construction makes use of delicate, long and expensive craft techniques. Thus, their achievements have been, little by little, abandoned in favor of industrial projects using new, more efficient materials of easier use.

While respecting the aesthetic aspect of these half-timbered houses, this type of construction has proved particularly well suited to prefabrication in the workshop including filler panels. As a result, many innovations relating to half-timbered construction have come into being. Without being exhaustive, mention may be made, as part of the prior art, of the documents below.

The patent MACCHI SARL FR.A.2.743.584 relates to a method of manufacturing a panel for forming wall of a half-timbered construction. It consists in producing the wooden frame of the panel, laying it flat, then casting an insulating filler material, waiting for the solidification of said material, straightening it and applying it to both sides of the finishing layer panel. It also relates to the panel obtained by implementing said method.

The patent LACROIX FR <B> 2,523,175 </ B> describes a method of assembling wooden framework for half-timbered houses, composed of elements such as joists, joists, poles. Each of the faces of these elements has a groove in which are inserted plywood gussets.

The patent Serti FR.A.2.494.749 proposes a method of building walls of half-timbered buildings consisting of placing on a floor of vertical beams at the periphery of the building, to insert a filling in the intervals between two adjacent beams, to plaster the external face of the filling, to place an insulator, a doubling before internal grinding. It consists, in addition, to practice rabbets on the faces of the beams disposed opposite each other and to place in rabbets one by one of wood and cement residues and fix said panels.

Patent WURAGROHR FR.A.2.132.032 describes a panel and a fixing batt for the production of wall walls intended in particular for demountable half-timbered constructions. The edges of the panels are chamfered on both sides so as to engage fixing battens having chamfered faces concordant with the bevelled faces of the panels.

The FLORIAN FR.A. 2.626.595 consists of a wooden frame remaining apparent in the exterior wall part for various constructions including half-timbering, consisting of prefabricated light elements. The vertical elements are formed of a frame with pre-assembled timber whose parts are characterized by a section T.

The patent RENAUD FR.A.2.602.808 relates to a composite modular element having a finished surface wood and mud look obtained by a polyurethane foam casting expanded on a polystyrene plane and a plaster inner face. The junction of the modules is made by tenon and mortise for the face wood.

The patent LE MONNIER FR.A.2.592.419 describes a method of manufacturing a half-timbered wall of maintaining a half-timber against a panel during the pouring of a filling material into the formwork formed by the panel and a plate disposed in parallel. After stripping the exposed face of the stud is flush with the surface of the cast material.

The patent CHIQUET Workshop FR.A.2.611.780 relates to prefabricated stud panels and their method of implementation. These panels consist of junctions, intermediate sheets, oblique scarves and plywood panels. These panels are assembled together by means of V-shaped parts, in recess and in relief, on each side of the vertical joining pieces. Each horizontal and vertical plug is provided with a reinforcement to retain the insulation through a panel attached to the back. The panels are fixed to the ground by means of threaded sleeves, embedded in the slab concrete.

The patent MACCHI SARL FR.A.2.688.530 defines a building material comprising a mixture of clay soil, lime, spelled straw, paper flakes, water. It concerns the house using such a material filling the spaces between the pieces of wood forming the frame of the house.

The examination of the state of the art shows an evolution in the field of the materials used. The mud was thus replaced in the first place by bricks coated with plaster and then by liquid curable materials such as mortars and concretes made from cement, lime and light aggregates. In order to limit operations on long and costly construction sites, the creation of prefabricated half-timbered panels has become essential. These panels, made in the workshop, have incorporated insulation, so that work on site can be limited to their assembly.

The present invention proposes to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above. The panels will therefore be entirely prefabricated in the workshop using lightweight and structuring materials, their assembled construction site will have to be simple fast so as to respect the aesthetics of half-timbered constructions. These panels consist of a core of light insulating materials having on its outer surface appearance of mud, said core being inserted into a framework on which are visibly attached wooden elements such as joists, joists, sanders, plugs, posts, said panels are characterized in that the insulating core, made of structuring materials, is coated waterproof protective coating, the frame, made of U-shaped metal profiles, encloses the insulating core coated, forming frame, the elements in timber, forming half-timberings, keep the insulating core encapsulated and the panels fixed between them.

Preferably the insulating core the structuring insulating core is made expanded polystyrene, flame retarded, molded and / or machined so as to obtain a slightly convex irregular outer surface simulating the appearance of the cob and a substantially flat inner surface to receive a coating finishing.

Advantageously, the waterproof protective coating coating the faces of the structuring insulating core consists of several successive layers having different characteristics, as necessary, such as sealed bottom regulator, reinforcing mesh, organic waterproof finish coating. with water vapor, nonflammable. According to another feature, the frame made of U-shaped steel sections consists of cut uprights adjusted and assembled together to form a frame inserting the edges of each insulating core on which they are fixed.

According to a variant of manufacture the structuring insulating core made polyurethane flame retardant is molded in a shell of composite material constituting in a single layer the waterproof protective coating of said core.

Thus obtained prefabricated panels using metal frames are lightweight, structuring, perfectly rigid. They are also waterproof, non-flammable, have the old appearance of thermally insulating mud. Although the rectangular shape is the most common, it is possible to realize them in the form of triangle, rhombus, trapezium and any geometric shape with straight sides. Their process of implementation on the building site comprises the following phases A - assembly of the panels on the raft or on the floor B - assembly of the panels between them C - realization of the angles of the construction D - realization of the sand pit, the links E - realization of the frame, the roof F - production of the partitions G - installation of the electrical and hydraulic circuits H - installation of the interior finishing coating Advantageously, phase A comprises the following steps - fixing of a lower rail, consisting of a U-shaped metal profile on the floor or floor using screws, bolts, glue.

- installation of the panels on the lower rail by embedding U-shaped profiles inserting the insulating core - Fixing the panels using screws, bolts, glue. Preferably the phase B comprises the following steps - installation of the panels singing against edges of U-shaped profiles inserting the insulating core - fixing of the panels by timber elements forming timber with screws, bolts, glue .

According to another characteristic, the phase C comprises the following phases Cl - fixing the rails on both sides of the corner posts by means of glue.

C2 - installation of the columns by threading through the upper end of the U-shaped sections on the two rails fixed on both sides of the columns C3 - Fixing the panels on the posts by wooden elements forming a corner post using screws, bolts, glue.

According to a preferred method, the phase D comprises the following steps D1 - fixing the rail on the sand pit, on the links with screws, glue.

D2 - installation of the sandpit, entrances by embedding the U-shaped sections on the D3 rail - fixing of the sand pit, connections by timber elements forming timber with the help of screws, bolts, glue.

 Thus the assembly process on site is relatively simple. It consists of fitting the first panels on the profiles fixed on the Cu base floor and then secure the panels together with timber timber elements and screws, bolts, glue.

The connection with the sandpit is done in the same way as on the raft by interlocking from above. The placing of the corner posts is made before the placing of the sandpit.

This assembly on site is therefore easy, does not require the intervention of highly qualified personnel so that it is possible to consider self-construction by private individuals.

The present invention therefore meets the objectives set.

It will be better understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment given by way of nonlimiting illustrative example with reference to the schematically attached drawings in which Figure 1 is a view of a typical half-timbered house Landes.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the assembly of two panels together. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the assembly of a panel on a raft; FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the assembly of two panels with a corner post; FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the assembly of a panel with the sandpit. Figure 6 is a sectional view of a variant of the U-shaped profile is shown in Figure 1 a front view of the pinion of a half-timbered construction typical of the Landes.

In Figure 2 in a sectional view shows the constitution and assembly of two panels according to the invention.

Each of the panels 1 consists of a core of expanded polystyrene, flame retarded, machined so as to obtain a convex outer face 1b whose surface is uneven so as to simulate the mud. The inner face 1c is substantially flat. The edges 1d are machined so as to allow the embedment of the core 1 in the frame 2. A coating 3 coats the entire surface of the soul of the panels. This coating consists of several layers, in particular for the external face of an adhesive or undercoated, then with a reinforcement mesh providing protection against impacts, a second layer of coating for covering the mesh, a protective layer of make: to standardize the color of the substrate, an organic coating finish impervious to water vapor and non-flammable finishes the coating. The coating 3 of the inner face 1c and the edges 1d consists of three layers: an adhesive or undercoated a single lattice, a sub-coating to cover the lattice. The four frame members constituting the frame 2 are galvanized steel profiles. They are joined together in the corners of the frame. It is easier to weld three uprights before inserting and bonding the insulating core and to secure the last upright to the other three either by welding points or by any other appropriate technique, riveting, crimping, screwing or even the combination of these. techniques.

The panel thus obtained, soul inserted in a metal frame participates in the bracing of the building. It is designed to support any type of roof. Although the rectangular form of the panels is the most used it is possible to achieve triangular shapes, trapezoidal or any geometric shape with straight sides. The assembly of two panels 1 is performed at the edges 1 d of these panels with wooden elements 4a forming half-timbering width of 8 to 12 cm, thickness of 3 cm. These dimensions resulting from mechanical stresses and loads related to the stability of the construction. Seams 5 of flexible silicone ensure the junction and sealing between the edges 1d of the insulating core. Another wood element 4b is disposed at the inner face 1c of the core. Bolts 7 ensure the tightening of the edges 1 d between the two wooden elements 4a - 4b. The heads of these bolts are embedded in counterbores 4c closed after clamping by wooden cylinders of the same nature as that of the wooden elements 4 so as to simulate a pegging of the parts. The inner wooden member 4b serves as a spacer for a panel 6 for supporting a decorative interior liner. This panel may be a wood particle board or a plywood coated, painted or upholstered. It can be in the form of double-sided melamine panel or in the form of natural paneling, varnished, lazurized or painted. However, these inner panels 6 participate in the bracing of the construction, they must therefore have a mechanical strength compatible with the imposed load. In practice, their minimum thickness must be 14 mm. The vacuum formed between the inner panel 6 and the inner surface 1c of the core of about 3 cm allows the passage of electrical sheaths, TV cables and telephones or pipes.

According to an alternative embodiment of the insulating cores 1 and their coating 3, it is possible to produce this coating in the form of a single layer, made of composite materials such as fiber concretes, cast in a mold with the final shape of the core having a convex outer face and an irregular surface simulating the mud. The structuring insulating core is then made of expanded polyurethane injected into the shell serving as a mold. The whole being then perfectly rigid.

In the light of this embodiment variant, it is possible to envisage reinforcing the edges at the shell so as to limit or even eliminate the metal frame 2. In this respect the wooden elements 4a and 4b would ensure the tightening of the cores. 1 at the level of reinforced songs 1d. This solution has the advantage of simplifying the production of the panels and their assembly. It reduces the cost of construction. FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the construction and assembly of a panel fixed to the base 11 or to a floor. This panel comprises as before the edges covered by the frame constituting the metal frame 2. A rail profile 8 made of galvanized steel U-shaped, spacing between the wings of the U slightly higher than that of the U forming frame is fixed on the floor or on the floor with screws. Beforehand, an insulating film 9 of tarred canvas type is interposed between the ground and the U-shaped rail to isolate the frame 2 and prevent any rise in moisture. The panel provided with its metal framework framework 2 is embedded in the rail-shaped metal section 8 fixed to the ground. A bolt 10 immobilizes the recessed panel in the profile 8, the nut being welded to a metal plate. To obtain a type of water drop cover preventing any water infiltration, the core of the panel overflows above the concrete slab. To allow the embedding of the panel in the U-shaped section 8 the panel has a lower part bleeding <B> l </ b> e.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the production and assembly of corner panels fixed to a post 16. The two corner panels each comprise a edge covered by the frame constituting the frame. Two rails 14 - 15 galvanized steel U-shaped spacing between the wings of the U slightly higher than those U frame, are fixed by screws to two adjacent sides of the post 16. Thus the two panels are embedded in the rails 14 and 15 and immobilized by a bolt 7. In fact the panels are positioned and recessed in the rails 8 fixed to the ground posts 16 son threaded from above into the rails 14 and 15 and then immobilized bolts 7 by fixing the wooden elements 4c and 4d forming corner post.

FIG. 5 in a sectional view shows the construction and mounting of a panel attached to a plate 12. This panel has edges covered by the frame constituting the frame 2. A profile forming a rail 13 made of galvanized steel in a U-shape, spacing between the wings of the U slightly higher than that of the U forming frame fixed to the sand pit with screws.

The panel provided with its metal framework frame 2 is embedded in the metal section 13 forming a rail fixed to the sandbox, a bolt 7 immobilizes the panel embedded in the rail 13.

This operation is the last before laying the framework and the roof.

FIG. 6 shows in section a variant of a section forming a frame embedded in a U-shaped rail. The ends of the U consist of small surfaces allowing good junction between the sections and facilitating the fastening of the rails 8 - 13 - 14 - 15 on the 11, the sand pit 12, the posts 16. Silicone beads 5 seal reduce thermal bridges between the metal faces.

According to a particular embodiment, the wings of the U-shaped frame 2 are bent at their ends at 90 so as to form a lug embedded in a rabbet of the edge 1 d of the core of the panel. Although glue is coated between the inner bottom of the profile and the edge, this solution ensures a better maintenance of the profile on the edge at the cost of difficulty of implementation and assembly. The method of implementation of the prefabricated panels presents no major difficulties apart from the careful positioning using gauges rails in which will be embedded the panels.

The assembly of the different panels using bolts and wooden elements requires precise drilling which it is better to realize in the workshop 'using templates so that on the site there is only' to screw screws and nuts.

Thus this type of assembly allows easy disassembly it allows to change the habitability by adding basic parts according to need, or move these buildings to another location.

 Thus the panels according to the invention and their implementation process meet the goals set, simplicity, speed, aesthetics, economy.

Man-made modifications of the process described above which, without altering the original arrangements, will be merely technical equivalents, are also within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Panels manufactured for half-timbered constructions consisting of a core of light insulating materials having on its outer surface a mud-like appearance, said core being inserted into a framework on which wood elements such as joists, joists, sablière, plugs, posts, said panels are characterized in that the insulating core (la), made of structuring materials, is coated with a protective coating (3) sealed, D the frame made of metal profiles (2) in U shape, encloses the insulating core embedded, forming a frame, D wooden elements (4), forming half-timberings, maintain attached to the frame insulating core coated and maintain the panels (1) between them. 2. Prefabricated panels (1) for half-timbered constructions according to claim 1 characterized in that the insulating core (la) structuring is made of expanded polystyrene, flame retarded, molded and / or machined so as to obtain an outer surface (lb) slightly domed irregular simulating the appearance of the mud and a substantially planar inner surface (1c) for receiving a finishing coating. 3. prefabricated panels for half-timbered constructions according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the protective coating (3) sealed coating the faces of the insulating core (la) structuring consists of several successive layers having different characteristics, as as needed, such as waterproof coating, bottom regulator, reinforcement mesh, organic finish coating impervious to water vapor, non-flammable. 4. Prefabricated panels for half-timbered constructions according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the frame made of U-shaped steel sections (2) consists of cut uprights adjusted and assembled together to form a frame inserting the songs (1 d) of each of the insulating cores (la) on which they are fixed. 5. Prefabricated panels for half-timbered constructions according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the insulating core (the) structuring made of polyurethane, flame retarded molded in a shell of composite material constituting in a single layer the protective coating (3) waterproof of said soul. 6. A method of implementing the prefabricated panels (1) defined by the preceding claims for making half-timber constructions characterized in that it comprises the following phases A - assembly of the panels (1) on the floor (11) or on the floor B - assembly of the panels (1) between them C - realization of the angles of the construction D - installation of the sand pit (12), the tie E - realization of the frame, the roof F - realization of the partitions G - setting up electrical and hydraulic circuits H - setting up the finishing interior lining 7. A method of implementing prefabricated panels (1) according to claim 6 characterized in that phase A comprises the following steps A1 - fixing a lower rail (8), consisting of a metal section in the form of U the raft (11) or on the floor with screws, bolts, glue. A2 - placing the panels (1) on the lower rail (8) by embedding the U-shaped sections (2) inserting the insulating core (la) A3 - Fixing the panels with screws, bolts, glue. 8. A method of implementing the prefabricated panels (1) according to claim 6 characterized in that the phase B comprises the following steps Bl - setting up the panels (1) singing against edges (1d) profiles (2) in U inserting insulating core (la) B2 - fastening panels by wooden elements (4) forming timber studs using screws, bolts (7), glue. 9. A method of implementing the prefabricated panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase C comprises the following steps C1 - fixing the rails (14 - 15) on both sides of the corner posts (16) to the using screws C2 - placement of the posts (16) by threading through the upper end of the U-shaped sections on the two rails fixed on both sides of the posts C3 - Fixing the panels on the posts by wooden elements (4c - 4a) forming a corner post using screws, bolts, glue. 10. A method of implementation of the prefabricated panels according to claim 6 characterized in that the phase D comprises the following steps Dl - fixing the rail (13) on the sand plate (12), on the tie with the help of screws, of glue. D2 - installation of the sand pit (12), entrains by embedding the U-shaped sections (2) on the rail (13) D3 - fixing of the sand pit of the beams by timber elements (4) forming half-timberings using screws, bolts, glue.