FR2639388A1 - ARMED CONCRETE CARRIER STRUCTURE, METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAME, AND PREFABRICALLY PREFABRICATED CONCRETE METHOD, FORMWORK BUILDING TANK AND PROCESS FOR PREFABRICATED REINFORCING CONCRETE ELEMENTS AND PREFABRICATED HOUSING ELEMENTS COMPRISING TWIN PLATES - Google Patents

Abstract

Laminated reinforced concrete structure, intended in particular for engineering structures or buildings with ceilings 11 and subjected to dynamic stresses and / or supporting high loads containing prefabricated elements 1 connecting parts and, if applicable , a filler material. The prefabricated reinforced concrete elements 1 are of the box type comprising twin plates forming the wall 212. They are arranged horizontally and, where appropriate, are also aligned with respect to each other in a vertical position and are connected together in an advantageous manner. using connecting pieces. The assembly formed of prefabricated elements 1 in reinforced concrete and, where appropriate, the subsequent hardening mixture playing the role of filling material, is arranged so as to constitute a three-dimensional structure provided with connections 214 possibly prestressed, of which the The thickness corresponds to the magnitude of the load. The structure can be used in engineering structures such as two-walled walls, cavity drainage walls, jacking boxes, basins, tunnels, retaining walls.

Description

ARMED CONCRETE CARRIER STRUCTURE,

  PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD AND METHOD

  PREFABRICATED ARM CONCRETE, FORMWORK BUILT AND METHOD

  FOR MANUFACTURING PREFABRICATED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

  AND PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF HOUSINGS

COMPRISING TWIN PLATES

  The invention relates to a laminated load-bearing reinforced concrete structure, intended in particular for structures or buildings subjected to dynamic stresses and / or supporting heavy loads, for example double-walled walls, drainage walls, driving caissons, basins or reservoirs, tunnels, retaining walls, running soles, the reinforced concrete load-bearing structure containing prefabricated elements, connecting pieces and, where appropriate, filling material, which may comprise for example, one-piece parts which cooperate with the prefabricated elements and / or complementary reinforcing inserts, and / or stiffening disks, and / or insulating layers,

  and / or elements embedded in the mass.

  The object of the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a reinforced concrete laminated load bearing structure in which the reinforced concrete support structure is formed by a set of prefabricated elements and, where appropriate, by filling, for example, by one-piece parts which cooperate with the prefabricated elements, it is also formed by connecting pieces and / or by reinforcing inserts, and / or by stiffening disks, and / or by layers of insulation, and / or by elements

drowned.

  The prefabricated reinforced concrete element intended for

  The laminated load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete is also part of the invention. It is equipped with at least two plates of reinforced concrete, the plates defining an interior space, the interior space being advantageously a volume without discontinuity and connecting to the outer space along the junction edges of the plates, the plates containing reinforcing inserts and, where appropriate, stiffening elements and / or spacers and / or embedded elements

in a mass.

  The formwork frame intended for the manufacture of

  Prefabricated reinforced concrete caisson-type elements with twin plates are also part of the invention. It comprises a supporting structure as well as molding profiles, a suitable manufacturing support floor, a frame delimiting the lateral edge, if necessary an exclusion insert and / or a lateral formwork part serving to form an opening. The supporting structure is provided with two longitudinal truss or reinforcement beams and, where appropriate, a transverse lattice or reinforcement connecting between

  they near their ends the longitudinal beams

  tions. The method of manufacturing the prefabricated box-type reinforced concrete element comprising twin plates constitutes another part of the invention; in this method a formwork frame is constituted by a supporting structure and by mounting profiles, reinforcement inserts and optionally stiffening elements and / or spacers being suspended and / or embedded in the molding volume of the frame of formwork. One of the plates of the prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the box type with twin plates is cast in concrete. This cast plate, once solid, is turned over, then the inverted plate is placed in the mounting volume, an exclusion insert and / or a lateral formwork portion intended for the formation of openings being optionally also provided. place in the molding volume, the

  Next plate is then cast in concrete.

  Structures or structures supporting heavy loads, mainly underground structures,

  usually a monobloc reinforced concrete structure or prefabricated

  briquée. The dimensional accuracy, the quality of the material, the appearance of the surfaces of factory-made building elements exceed those obtained with cast-in-place concrete. Their assembly on the site requires little manpower, however there are limits of size and weight that

  are imposed by the transport. In some cases, the structures

  prefabricated tights do not support the movements of the points

  support and dynamic constraints. -

  The reason for monobloc structures is mainly

  This is justified for every large quilt in which the dimensions resulting from the technical requirements make the implementation of the system difficult. The large number of elements that must be drowned in the mass, and / or the very

  many openings can make the prefabricated

cation difficult and unprofitable.

  There are also structures that are made by combining the two modes of construction: this is the case of buildings made of prefabricated elements with monoblock links adapted to the site or structural elements

  prefabricated carrier cooperating with monobloc concrete.

  The solution in which a prefabricated formwork filled with a concrete mass is transformed into an element of construction that will bear in the structure of the definitive structure can also be considered adequate. Some of these embodiments, such as those presented in Hungarian Patent No. 191,470, can only be used in

  communal buildings or in residential buildings.

  Such constructions are known which are made by combining prefabricated building elements and monobloc building elements which in the whole of the

  construction, have a specific technical purpose.

  Thus, for example, the wall structure designed to withstand very heavy loads which is described in Hungarian Patent No. 177,284 serves to hermetically enclose

  spaces subject to high pressures and high temperatures.

  in nuclear power plants. It is essential

  in prefabricated reinforcement units, equipped with a

  sheet metal, which are assembled by welding on

  tier, after which they are filled with concrete.

  Hungarian Patent No. 184,470 describes a three-dimensional formwork consisting of reinforced concrete slabs. The three-dimensional formwork defines, as lost formwork, the molding volume of the one-piece core. It contains distribution inserts, the reinforcement is welded to them to form a support assembly for the main load and is incorporated into the monoblock core. The defect of this structure lies in the fact that its total thickness, due to the unfavorable arrangement of the main frame,

  is not fully exploited.

  In Hungarian Patent No. 192 074 there is described the method and the device for making reinforced concrete plates consisting of a three-dimensional lattice or reinforcement.

and by two concrete hulls.

  The three-dimensional mesh or reinforcement is disposed between two formwork frames; we sink each of the two hulls of the plate, with an intermediate reversal. The process is unusual, and because of this, it has youthful defects and there are details that have not been thoroughly studied. Hungarian Patent 189,850 illustrates piggy for the construction of underground structures rectilinear and whose periphery is closed; these structures are made from the surface of the ground and are, for example, tunnels. In this process, the formwork floor is transportable and serves as a fastening structure to a prefabricated frame. Concrete is poured on site. The floor is, in a way, lost because it does not participate in the overall resistance to

charges involved.

  For the realization of simpler constructions, it is possible to use the plate-type flat structure according to Hungarian Patent No. 194,349. It consists of a formwork element for reinforced concrete of variable thickness, in inserts.

  made of steel and a layer of one-piece concrete. We can not e7-

only for ceilings.

  The method of Hungarian Patent No. 190 208 differs from the previous ones only in that the visible layer forming the surface is set up beforehand in the

  prefabricated reinforced concrete templates. It can be used primarily

  mainly to ensure the aesthetic appearance of

  facade and exterior partitions of subway stations.

  The wall structure described in the hon-

  grois n 187 892 has been studied for the support of earth masses. The retaining wall elements consist of two precast concrete layers and also prefabricated ribs; they are placed next to each other, and then filled, for example with earth, or

  another filling material.

  The retaining wall described in the hon-

  grois n 189 766 is analogous, although a bit more complicated.

  The defect of these two structures consists in the fact that the work which they make possible can have only one destination; we can not use them in all circumstances. In this respect, what is called the multi-layer plate described in the Hungarian Patent No. 187 455 and the combined structure of reinforced concrete that can be achieved by means of it, represent a progress. This is an improved version of the two reinforced concrete hulls filled with a monoblock core. The prefabricated reinforced concrete layer participates in supporting the load as part of the structure

  which can bear even relatively

strongly.

  The multi-layered plate structure can be used on a large scale for many purposes as a structural element in a large number of structures. Its only major defect lies in the fact that the constitution of connection points, especially in somewhat unusual places of the building, is extraordinarily complicated. As a result, assembly work is problematic. The need for labor makes the structure unprofitable. This, moreover, has many useful aspects and is likely to be used advantageously.

  The object of the invention is the development of a structure

  lamellated load-bearing member of suitable reinforced concrete, by cooperating prefabricated building elements and monoblock construction elements, to the support of particularly important and / or dynamic loads; in this structure, a transfer of force is possible at the limit

  between prefabricated bodies and monobloc bodies. The links

  simple sound, and we can realize the structure on the site easily, quickly and without defects. One of the aims of the invention is also that one can, using the structure in question, realize the walls and ceilings of many buildings and structures, for example walls with two walls, basins or water tanks, tunnels,

  caissons of sinking, retaining walls.

  The invention also aims to present a prefabricated element intended for the realization of the structure, which contains most of the reinforcement of the final structure, making it possible to vary the thickness in an element according to the variations of the stresses or the design of the structure. Another object of the invention is to present a formwork frame and a method of

  manufacture intended for the realization of the prefabricated element.

  The basis of the invention is the observation that the

  prefabricated reinforced concrete consisting of 2 reinforced concrete plates delimiting an interior space can be designed box-shaped so as to be able to support along its length or its width the variable stresses that are exerted, to

  condition that at least one of the plates has a disconnected profile

  tinu in a broken line. Thanks to this conformation, the prefabricated element will be able to completely contain the main reinforcement

  and the framework of distribution of the efforts which are the

  the proximity of the junction zones of the elements of

construction.

  As a result of the intended purpose, a laminated load-bearing reinforced concrete structure intended in particular for structures

  art or buildings subject to dynamic constraints.

  and / or supporting high loads, such as, for example, double-walled walls, drainage walls, caissons, basins, tunnels, retaining walls, running soles -the reinforced concrete load-bearing structure containing prefabricated elements, connecting pieces and optionally a filling material, for example monobloc parts cooperating with the prefabricated elements and / or stiffening disks and / or reinforcing elements and / or insulation layers and / or drowned-embedded elements in the mass. The structure has a shape such that prefabricated reinforced concrete elements are of the caisson type and comprise

  twin plates. These elements are arranged horizontally

  otherwise, they are in a vertical position, and

  also aligned with each other by connecting

  between them advantageously with the aid of connecting pieces. These are, steel inserts, reinforcing lattices or reinforcement or parts in the form of

  basket made by folding these. Reinforcements inserts

  Complementary elements of reinforced concrete prefabricated elements generally penetrate into the interior space of the neighboring prefabricated reinforced concrete element and the assembly formed by the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, possibly with the

  a mixture with subsequent hardening which fulfills a role of

  filling material, is arranged to form a three-dimensional structure, possibly prestressing,

  whose thickness corresponds to the size of the load.

  Another feature of the reinforced concrete laminated load bearing structure of the present invention is that prefabricated box-type reinforced concrete elements having twin plates can be connected to one another by keeping a filling-free interior space in the hollow portion. wall, thus forming

hollow support elements.

  The process according to the invention, which relates to the manufacture

  The slab structure of reinforced concrete also serves the purpose. This structure is that of structures or constructions subject to dynamic stresses and / or high loads, as is the case with double-walled walls, drainage walls, caissons, ponds, tunnels, retaining walls, running soles. The structure in question is manufactured to be an assembly of prefabricated elements with possibly a filling material, monobloc parts cooperating, in general, with prefabricated elements and / or connecting pieces and / or stiffening disks

  and / or insulating layers and / or inserts. According to the invention

  Prefabricated caisson-type prefabricated elements have twin plates and are aligned according to the following

  the others according to the profile of the surface of the completed work.

  This arrangement in side by side row being obtained by placing the various elements of the structure next to each other,

  above them, or on a sole used as a base for

  tion. After their alignment as it has just been said, prefabricated reinforced concrete elements are stiffened by anchoring

  and / or prestressed and / or provided with temporary support

  evening so that reinforcing inserts

  and / or stiffening disks and / or insulating layers and / or in-ground elements are placed in the interior space between the plates of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, this interior space

  then being at least partially a hardening mixture

  delayed, brought into a flow of materials under pressure, without the need for working joints, and since this is the purpose, without formwork, the last step being a prestressing

of the book.

  In a possible version of the method, a connection is made for the transmission of force between the box-type prefabricated reinforced concrete elements comprising twin plates and aligned next to each other, using reinforcing inserts which are clean, without

connecting pieces.

  In another embodiment, a consolidation nucleus

  It consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the box type with twin plates; prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the caisson type having twin plates form the wall or ceiling of the structure and are fixed to the core of cc: solidation using temporary support means, the work being thereby stabilized during construction and the means of attachment being, the case

  where appropriate, transformed into an integrated part at all in the

  when it is finished. In order to achieve another goal that we have set ourselves,

  the prefabricated reinforced concrete element according to the present invention.

  It is intended for single-piece reinforced concrete structures or structures containing both prefabricated and single-piece parts, for example double-walled walls, drainage walls, funnels, basins, tunnels, retaining walls, runners, etc. - The prefabricated reinforced concrete element comprises at least two plates of reinforced concrete, the plates enclosing an interior space which is advantageously in one piece and connects to the outer space on along the edges of the junction of the plates, the plates containing reinforcing inserts and, if appropriate stiffening elements and / or spacers and / or elements embedded in the mass- has a special conformation: it is such that in at least one of the plates has a surface whose profile forms a broken line so as to constitute a box. It is also such that eventually tie rods are partially inserted into the poured concrete of the plate whose surface has a profile in the form of a broken line, the reinforcing inserts the stiffening elements arranged in the main direction of load support are at least partially incorporated in the plates. Plates, reinforcing inserts, stiffening elements, for example concrete discs embedded in concrete substantially perpendicular to

  one of the plates, and the spacers, form, in these con-

  three-dimensional mesh or reinforcement for supporting the load, the plates possibly being bowed or placed differently, their thickness and / or their properties being variable or different and the plates being provided on their edges with extra thicknesses, and / or

toothing and / or a step.

  1iC The formwork frame in the present invention for the manufacture of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, by

  example of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the type cais-

  its comprising twin plates, comprises the supporting structure as well as molding profiles. It also usefully includes the production support board, the frame delimiting the sides, if necessary, an exclusion insert and / or a side formwork portion for the formation of openings. On the other hand, the supporting structure comprises two longitudinal lattice girders located in parallel surfaces and, where appropriate, a transverse lattice connecting the lattice girders near their ends. The formwork frame further has a conformation such that at least two rotatably mounted beams provided near their ends with elevation pedestals, whose axes are substantially greater than the longitudinal lattice girder, are disposed on the upper members. The heights of the raising pedestals are different from one another but this irrigality is uniform while at least one suspension rod is connected to the rotatably mounted beam which is connected to the upper elements of the longitudinal beams. lattice or reinforcement. The connection of the suspension rod to the rotatably mounted beam is by a connection which allows it to slide. The lower lattice elements are connected by a frame designed to transfer the load and the manufacturing support floor, which may not be flat, is fixed to the frame, the frame delimiting the lateral edge being fixed to the support floor Manufacturing. The exclusion insert mentioned above as well

  side of formwork used to form openings

  are fixed to the floor of the manufacturing support or

frame delimiting the lateral edge.

  In the process according to the present invention for the manufacture of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, for example

  prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the caisson type

  both twin plates a formwork frame is constituted by a supporting structure and by molding profiles,

  reinforcing inserts, if any, stiffening elements

  and / or spacers which are suspended and / or disposed in the molding volume of the molding frame. In addition, according to the method, one of the plates of the box-type reinforced concrete prefabricated element having twin plates is cast in concrete, the solid casting plate is turned over, and then the plate, as soon as it has been turned over, is arranged. in the molding volume, an exclusion insert and / or a formwork side part for forming openings is, if appropriate also placed, and the next plate is cast. The method according to the invention is based on the fact that the solidified plate is kept suspended in the molding volume until the solidification of the next plate, and that, if necessary, the solidified plate is

  returned with molding frame or molding profiles.

  In one embodiment, the already poured concrete plate is prestressed before pouring the next plate.

  Where appropriate, the stiffeners or

  toises of separately solidified plates are connected to each other. Optionally the prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the box type comprising twin plates is divided into

parts to the desired size.

  The invention has many advantages. The reinforced concrete laminated load bearing structure according to the present invention works as a monobloc structure containing prefabricated elements as well as monobloc elements. She can train

  the wall and / or ceiling structure of a large number of

  works of art or buildings, for example double-walled walls, ponds or water tanks, tunnels, caissons

  sinking, etc. The links can be rigid at the corners.

  The laminated load-bearing reinforced concrete structure is also

  adapted to withstand high loads and / or dynamic stresses. In the construction process, formwork or scaffolding is not essential. The

  may be carried out in situ in an extra-

  usually simple, with little manpower.

  Prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the caisson type

  with twin plates meets the requirements of the

  This is because, for example, the stresses propagate completely inside a single building element according to the shape of the building element. The plates contain the steel inserts arranged in the main support direction of the load. Thus the cross section of the structure is completely used and thus the structure is very economical. During manufacture the plates to be inserted into the building plate can be arranged to create passages. This can be done with workshop precision, no further chisel work on the structure is needed.

  Because of this characteristic it is possible to assemble

  prefabricated reinforced concrete elements produced in

  workshop with great precision. This allows you to

  trench large special structures, which can be chosen from

  will shapes, masses and modes of use.

  The building element can play the role of

  which structural element in the completed structure.

  The consolidation core comprising a laminated load-bearing reinforced concrete structure -built from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the box type with twin plates- is itself robust. During construction, it contributes to the total stability of the structure realized by following the process and if necessary also participates in the final game of forces as part of the

  structure when it is finished.

  Because the building elements are provided along the junction edges of shaped connection irons.

  loops, there is no need for additional reinforcement

  to join edges, so that the assembly of the elements does not require the realization of the reinforcement on site, a realization which is complicated and which requires a lot

labor.

  Formed casing-type reinforced concrete parts can be manufactured on the formwork frame with twin plates of base size and height, within the limits of the manufacturing dimensions. The establishment of the lateral parts of formwork and the elements embedded in the mass can be executed with a precision guaranteeing a great safety. The floor of the manufacturing support is generally composed of several parts that are interchangeable, which makes it possible to manufacture on the floor of the manufacturing support construction elements having any

  what form, to choose. The chassis along the inferior element

  longitudinal beam and the manufacturing support floor pieces fixed thereto by means of removable connecting pieces together constitute a basket-shaped formwork frame, open upwards. The work volume is thus delimited by the formwork frame, the internal template - in the manner of a metroreste structure to a

  height below the height of the structure. This provision

  a dual advantage: the formwork frame is not only space-saving, but it can also be

turn with the coins. Other goals, benefits and features will be apparent from the reading of

  various embodiments of the invention, made in a non-limiting manner and with reference to the accompanying drawing, o: - Figure 1 is an axonometric view of structural characteristics and connection points of the carrier structure

laminated reinforced concrete.

  FIG. 2 is an assembly of wall structures and

ceiling.

  - Figure 3 is a section of the supporting structure

laminated reinforced concrete.

  - Figure 4 shows a wall with two walls and a wall

drainage.

  - Figure 5 shows a weight wall.

  - Figure 6 is a vertical section of a basin or water tank made by assembling the plates.

  - Figure 7 is a half-plan view of the basin.

  FIG. 8 represents a characteristic shape of

  prefabricated reinforced concrete type

  box with twin plates.

  - Figure 9 is a section of a detail of the plate.

  - Figure 10 is an axonometric image of a detail of the plate whose end has teeth. FIG. 11 is an exonometric view of a mode of

realization of the formwork frame.

  - Figure 12 shows a detail of the formwork frame.

  FIG. 13 represents a section of the end of the

beam mounted to rotate.

  FIG. 14 is an axonometric view of the end of

the beam mounted to rotate.

  FIG. 15 represents the manufacturing phases of the prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the type

  box with twin plates.

  Figure 1 shows during construction the multilayer reinforced concrete lamellar load bearing structure, including a channel-shaped passageway for forming partially divided tunnels. The role of load-bearing walls 212

  and ceiling 211, as well as the partition walls

  213 is filled by prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the box type with twin plates. The bearing walls 212 are disposed on the one-piece base plate 217

reinforced concrete.

  The internal space 12 between the plates 11 of the prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the caisson type comprising

  twin plates is filled by means of a mixture 241 to harden

  later or delayed. The finished structure comprises rigid partitions 214 at the corners. The prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the box type with twin plates

  incorporated as ceiling 211 arranged intermedia-

  diary is provided with the tie rod 134 to support the

traction train.

  FIG. 2 shows the connection between the walls 212 and the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the box type comprising twin plates of the ceilings 211, the 1 c top plate 11il of one of the prefabricated elements 1 of concrete

  armed with the purpose of clarity.

  The frame 13 of prefabricated elements 1 made of reinforced concrete

  formed by a folded reinforcement mesh is also complete.

  by connecting pieces 243 made with reinforcement mesh or reinforcement reinforcement. The interior space 12 between the plates 11 of the completed structure is filled with a

  mixture 241 with subsequent or delayed curing.

  We can see in Figure 3 how is the junction of similar 211 ceilings. The connecting pieces 243 disposed along the junction edges 14 in the interior space 12 between the plates 11 of the prefabricated elements 1 of box-type reinforced concrete comprising twin plates, play in

  same time the role of the reinforcing inserts complements

  244. In this junction the mixture 241 hardening

  provides the compression zone of the trans-

  versale. FIG. 4 shows the internal space 12 between the plates 11 of the box-type reinforced concrete prefabricated element 1 comprising twin plates, which is filled with a mixture 241 with subsequent hardening, for example concrete, while the air located between the prefabricated element 1 of reinforced concrete and the lateral surface 222 of the slot 221 is filled with foam material 246 sealed on the top

  so that the water does not penetrate, or else it is filled

  with the mixture 241, for example a hardening mortar

  later. When it is not filled, the prefabricated element 1 made of reinforced concrete acts as a hollow support element - as well as temporarily - during the

  construction only in the finished state.

  On the right side, in Figure 4, the plates 11 of

  the prefabricated element 1 made of reinforced concrete disposed in the slot

  221 contain the hollow space 117. Between the plates 11 is the tube 248 covered by a material 247 formed of pieces and in the space between the prefabricated element 1 reinforced concrete and the side surface 222 of the slot 221 is find a granulated material. The completed structure serves as

drainage wall.

  The double wall wall, the element of the hollow support and the drainage wall according to FIG. 4 can be constructed in

  once without usually separate construction steps.

  In Figure 5 the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the box type with twin plates arranged on each other form a retaining wall. Their form

  is a function of the land pressure exerted on them.

  The construction of the basin or water reservoir shown in Figure 6 and in Figure 7 begins with the establishment of the central prefabricated element 1 reinforced concrete box type with twin plates, which is placed on the base of concrete 215 and on the foundation 216. The central core becomes stable after casting a mixture 241

after hardening.

  Then comes the setting up of the prefabricated element

  1 reinforced concrete box type with plates

  binoculars of wall 212 and ceiling 211. The robustness of the

  prefabricated 1 reinforced concrete is formed by the anchoring 251

  and by the temporary support element 252. The inner space

  12 between the plates 11l is filled with water repellent concrete 242.

  Fig. 8 shows the typical embodiment

  of the prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the type cais-

  its comprising twin plates; Figure 9 is a representation of a possible conformation of the inner surface 111 of the plate 11; it is provided with ribs 112 delimiting the interior space 12; Figure 10 shows a

  detail of the end of the plate 11 provided with a set of teeth 115.

  The prefabricated element 1 in reinforced concrete of Figure 8 is limited to its upper part for a plate having a surface 11A whose profile is a broken line. The stem of

  traction 134 is taken in the concrete thereof. One end

  mity of the plate having the surface lla whose profile is a broken line with a tooth 115. The lower plate 111

  of the prefabricated element 1 made of reinforced concrete comprises a

  thickness 114 near the edge 113. Inserts for reinforcing

  131, stiffening elements 132 and spacers 133 are incorporated in the plate 11. The latter cross

the interior space 12.

  The formwork frame according to FIG.

  supporting structure 31 and the support floor of

  322, and the frame 323 which delimits the lateral edge.

  The carrier structure 31 is composed of longitudinal reinforcing beams 311 and transverse beams 315. On the upper elements 312 of the longitudinal reinforcing beam 311 are disposed, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof, beams 33 mounted to rotate, having axes 331. These susceptible beams 33 are provided with suspension rods 334. The suspension rod 334

has the threaded portion 335.

  The rotating beam 33 is connected to the upper element

312 by a link and it can slide 336, likewise the suspension rod 334 is connected to the rotary beam 33 by

  a link 336 and it can slide. The elements

  314 are connected by the frame 316 supporting the

  load on which is fixed the support floor of

  322. The frame 323 delimiting the lateral edge is connected

  at the manufacturing support floor 322.

  The connecting piece may be the screw 325 according to the

  Figure 12. The distribution of screws 325 follows the shape of the floor

manufacturing support 322.

  On the finish support floor 322 is arranged

  the exclusion insert 324. The support floor of

  322 may also have a flat, curved surface or whose profile is a broken line. It is generally composed of several plate units, more specifically

  constituent parts of a single plate.

  The frame 316 is constituted by the series of ribs 317 and the manufacturing support floor 322. These parts are assembled together rigidly. In another case, not shown in FIG. 12, the manufacturing support floor 322 is disposed between the rods of the beam

  reinforcement connecting the lower elements 314.

  In FIGS. 13 and 14, the rotatably mounted beam 33 is placed on the upper element 312 by means of the base of

  elevation 332. The elevation pedestals 332, have different

  heights and are fixed on the rotating beams 33 to

  near the extreme 337 of these. Their height

  In each case, the length of a module 33 is different, so that a single rotation of the beam 33 corresponds to a variation in height equal to the length of a module. The different stages of the manufacturing process can

  be observed in Figure 15. First of all, the built environment

  Frage 3 is constituted by the carrier structure 31 and the molding profiles 32, according to Figure 15a. The inserts of

  reinforcement 131, the stiffeners 132 and the

  toises 133 are placed in the molding space 321 and then they are fixed and then poured the concrete of the first

plate 11.

  Then the formwork frame 3 is returned with the

  plate 11 so as to be in the situation of the

  gure 15b. After taking, the plate 11 is suspended as

  shown in Figure 15c in the molding space 321.

  The molding profiles 32 and possibly the inserts of ex-

  clusion not shown in the drawing as well as the lateral formwork portions for forming openings are set up in the molding space 321 according to Figure 15d,

  then the concrete is poured from the next plate 11.

  The operating steps are repeated until the end of the process. The laminated load-bearing structure and prefabricated box-type reinforced concrete element with twin plates can be used almost without limitations in the field

  works of art. They are of great importance in parti-

  in structures subject to dynamic constraints.

  and in structures subject to significant

  aunts. Because of their flexibility they are suitable for the realization of isolated works of any material for example ponds of water in the hydraulic installations, walls with double wall, tunnels, boxes of hardening, etc. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, but it is capable of numerous variants accessible to humans

  of art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (11)

CLAIMS I   1.- Laminated load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete, intended in particular for structures or buildings subjected to dynamic stresses and / or supporting heavy loads, for example walls with two walls, drainage walls, driving caissons, basins or reservoirs, tunnels, retaining walls, running soles, the reinforced concrete supporting structure containing prefabricated elements,   connecting parts and, where appropriate, filling material   wise, as, for example, monobloc parts cooperating with   prefabricated elements and / or reinforcing steel   and / or stiffening disks and / or   insulation and / or embedded elements in the mass,   rised in that the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements are   prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the type caisson com-   carrying twin plates, in that the prefabricated elements   (1) of reinforced concrete are arranged horizontally and, where appropriate, they are also aligned with each other in a vertical position and connect together   advantageously with the aid of connecting pieces.   sound (243), for example steel inserts, mats or reinforcing mesh or reinforcement, or basket-shaped parts made by folding them, in that the   complementary reinforcing inserts (244) penetrate gen-   in the interior space (12) of the prefabricated elements   bricks (1) made of reinforced concrete adjacent, in that the assembly formed of prefabricated elements (1) made of reinforced concrete and, where appropriate, the mixture with subsequent hardening (241) acting as filling material, is arranged to form a three-dimensional structure with links (214)   rigid at the corners, possibly prestressed, whose thick   is the size of the load.   2.- Laminated structure of reinforced concrete according to the claim   1, characterized by the fact that prefabricated elements   (1) of box-type reinforced concrete with twin plates are connected next to each other with an interior space (12) free of filling located in the   hollow (221) of the wall (22) with two walls.   3. A process for the manufacture of a laminated reinforced concrete bearing structure intended in particular for structures or buildings or buildings subjected to dynamic stresses and / or supporting high loads, for example double-walled walls , drainage walls, caissons, basins, tunnels, retaining walls, runners, the reinforced concrete support structure containing, as a whole, prefabricated elements of   connecting parts and, where appropriate, a filling material   wise, as, for example, monobloc parts cooperating with   prefabricated elements and / or reinforcing steel   and / or stiffening disks and / or   insulation and / or embedded elements in the mass,   in that prefabricated elements (1) of box-type reinforced concrete comprising twin plates of the building surface (2) are aligned one after the other, in that their alignment next to the others are made by placing them very close together and / or on top of each other along the joining edges (14), on a base (215) of concrete or on a foundation (216), in that the prefabricated elements (1) of reinforced concrete aligned next to each other are stiffened by an anchor (251) and / or are prestressed and / or are temporarily reinforced by supports (252), in that inserts reinforcing members (214) and / or stiffening disks and / or insulating layers and / or mass-embedded elements are placed in the interior space (12) between the plates (11)   prefabricated elements (1) made of reinforced concrete, the space   (12) is then at least partially filled by means of a subsequent hardening mixture (241) fed into a superpressure flow of material, without the need for working joints, and adequately without formwork, and in that (2) is, where appropriate, re-prestressed or   put under additional stress.   4. A process according to claim 3, characterized in that a link is made transmitting the forces between the   prefabricated elements (1) of reinforced concrete of the box type comprising   both twin plates, aligned next to each other, using reinforcement inserts (131) of their own without connecting pieces (243).   5. Process according to claims 3 or 4, characterized   in that a consolidation core (23) is constituted by prefabricated elements (1) made of reinforced concrete of the box type comprising   twin plates, in that the prefabricated elements   (1) reinforced concrete caisson type with plates   binoculars forming the wall (212) and / or the ceiling (211) of the building   (2) are fixed to the consolidation core (23) by means of temporary supports (252), the structure (2) being thereby   stabilized during construction and the core of consolidation   tion (23) being converted into a part of the definitive work (2).   6.- Prefabricated reinforced concrete element intended for   monobloc technical works containing prefabricated parts   bricks as well as monobloc parts, for example double-walled walls, drainage walls, sinking boxes,   basins or reservoirs, tunnels, retaining walls   stilts, etc., containing at least two   reinforced concrete slabs, these slabs enclosing a   the inner space being advantageously uninterrupted and connected to the outer space along the joining edges of the plates, the plates comprising reinforcing inserts and, if appropriate, stiffening elements and / or spacers and / or elements embedded in the mass, characterized in that at least one of the plates (11) has a surface whose profile is a broken line to form a box, that if necessary rods (134) are embedded partially in the concrete of the plate having a surface (11lA) whose profile forms a broken line, in that the reinforcing inserts (131) arranged in the main load-carrying direction are at least partially incorporated in the plates (11) , in that the inserts of   reinforcement (131), the stiffening elements (132), for example   ple, the concrete discs taken in concrete substantially   perpendicular to one of the plates (11) and the   toises (133) form a lattice or three-membered reinforcement   dimensions used to support the charce, er. what the   (11) are, where appropriate, arched and / or that their posi-   are different from each other and / or in that their thickness and / or their characteristics are variable and / or are different and in that they are provided on their edge (113) with an extra thickness (114) and / or toothing (115) and / or a step.   7.- Formwork frame for the manufacture of elements   prefabricated reinforced concrete, for example prefabricated elements   Box-type reinforced concrete sections comprising twin plates, a supporting structure as well as molding profiles, a suitable floor for a manufacturing support, a frame for lateral delimitation, if necessary also an exclusion insert and / or a part of lateral formwork intended for the formation of openings, the bearing structure being made of two longitudinal truss or reinforcement beams located in parallel surfaces and, where appropriate, of a transverse lattice or reinforcement connecting the longitudinal truss or reinforcement beams proximity   ends thereof, characterized in that at least two   very (33) rotatably mounted and provided at their ends with elevation pedestals (332), whose axis (331) is located substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (313) of the upper element (312) of the longitudinal beams (311) in   lattice or reinforcement, are placed on the upper elements   in that the heights (333) of the elevation pedestals (332) are different from each other, their dimensions in a single sequence, in that at least one suspension rod (334) is connected to the beam (33) rotatably mounted in that the latter is connected to the upper element (312) of the longitudinal beams (311) in lattice   or reinforcement by a sliding connection, as is also the case   beam (334), in that the lower members (314) of the trellis or reinforcement longitudinal beams (311) are connected by a frame (316) for the transmission of the loads, in that that the manufacturing support floor (322), which may not be flat, is attached to the frame (316) in that the frame (323) for the desizing of   side edges is attached to the seat (322) of   cation, and finally that the exclusion insert (324)   as well as the lateral part of the formwork intended for   openings are attached to the floor (322) of the manufacturing support or to the frame (323) for delimiting the lateral edges. 8.- A method of manufacturing prefabricated reinforced concrete elements for example prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the box type having twin plates in which on the one hand a formwork frame is constituted by a bearing structure and by profiles of molding, and secondly   reinforcing inserts and, where appropriate, stiffening   and / or spacers are suspended and / or placed in the molding space of the formwork frame, one of the plates of the prefabricated reinforced concrete element of the box type having twin plates being poured in concrete, the cast plate in solidified concrete is then returned, then the returned plate placed in the molding space; according to the method, if necessary an exclusion insert and / or lateral formwork part for the formation of openings are also put in place and finally the following plate is poured with concrete, the method being characterized in that the   solidified plate (11) remains suspended in the space of   (321) until the solidification of the next plate (11), and the plate (11) solidified is returned if necessary at the same time as the frame (3) formwork or that the profiles of molding (32).   9. A process according to claim 8, characterized in that the plate (11) already cast concrete is prestressed   before pouring the concrete from the next plate (11).   10. Process according to claims 8 or 9, characterized   in that the stiffening elements (132) or the   toises (133) plates (11) solidified separately, are connected.   11. A process according to any one of claims 8   to 10 characterized in that the prefabricated element (1) made of reinforced concrete of the caisson type comprising legal plates is   divided into parts of the desired size after solidification concrete.