FR2631645A1 - Reversible building block with multiple settings which may or may not incorporate a continuous vertical service space - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a reversible building block 1 which is solid, perforated or hollow, characterised by proportions and a structure of single thickness 2/3/4 such that they make it possible, starting from a single module, on the one hand to obtain a variety of settings 5/6 and on the other hand to keep a continuous service space 8 over the height of the wall at the level of each vertical joint. This building block is intended in particular for the production of elements made of clay or concrete using a production method involving extrusion, pressing or moulding.

Description

 The present invention relates to a reversible construction module To allow the implementation of vertical walls in single thickness and the realization of flooring.

 The building blocks of the breeze block or brick type are of parallelepiped shape. Their implementation from a single element and in single thickness is done with half overlap in length, a single possibility of layout resulting therefrom. In this case, the brick walls cannot provide a load-bearing function with regard to French standards and regulations, or for those made of concrete blocks, and below a certain thickness. The implementation times entail a high cost for a low supply price. The diversity of design is obtained by the realization of accessories which are the subject of a significant additional cost because requiring a special production line or the interruption of a unique chain.

Self-forming concrete blocks are often of low stability so that the filling concrete is poured all at once over a storey height. The use of brick as a flooring offers limited layout possibilities.

 The construction module according to the invention overcomes these drawbacks. Indeed, it (1) is proportioned so as to be reversible on its horizontal face-by making it pivot at 1800 or by turning over on itself. Arranged flat, it has two sides of different dimensions, located on the same axis of symmetry, the other two sides intended to form the vertical joints connecting their ends to form an isosceles trapezium, whatever the angle of inclination.

 The fitting of a wall is obtained by the regularly alternating horizontal juxtaposition of the reverse module (2) and by the superposition on the transverse axis of an inverted element (3) on itself (4), in order to obtain a calepinaoe called "à l'anslaise" (5), or by a simple superposition in order to align the vertical joints (6), from a single module and for use in single thickness.

 In the case of an implementation or. the vertical superposition of the modules is always done on the same axis.

transverse, the elements being alternately inverted (5) or not (6), it is possible, by reserving a notch (7) without dimensions or preferential shapes located on either side of the longitudinal axis, to form a continuous empty space (8) over the height of the wall, at each vertical joint.

 Left free, this continuous empty space forms a decompression chamber to improve the tightness of the wall, insofar as the vertical joints are dry mounted, especially since they are not perpendicular to it, therefore more long. For a particularly exposed facade, this space can be filled with mortar while having dry-mounted vertical joints.

 In order to improve the implementation yields, a mounting template can be installed before the wall is made, this one being made up of vertical uprights - implanted on the same straight line and at a determined spacing by the length of the module, on its longitudinal axis, - of a section corresponding to the counter-profile determined by the juxtaposition of two notches therebetween, - made of metal or synthetic materials.

 Insofar as these uprights are sufficiently resistant, they can serve as reinforcements or reinforcement in order to increase the mechanical resistances of the wall and allow the realization of load-bearing walls mounted in simple thickness, whether in bricks or concrete blocks. .

 This technical vacuum also allows the integration of cable networks.

 Figure 1. shows, in axometry, the reversible module and its principle of fitting on the same horizontal row and in the running part of a vertical wall, as well as the possibility of forming a continuous empty space over the height of the wall at each vertical joint.

Figure 2. shows, in plan and elevation, the same
description as crack 1.

Different shifts of the horizontal ranss by each
relationships to others allow a variety of layouts,
always from a single module used in single
thickness.

Figure 3. shows, in elevation, possibilities
of layouts in the main part of a vertical wall
(5/9/10/11/12/13/6, even their conjugation).

Two complementary accessory types of this module
allow to treat all the singular points of a
construction
- the first (14), mixed, its geometric shape being that
a rectangular trapezoid, used for the fitting of
angles (15), the realization of threshold (16), support of bays
(16) or elements of modenature, and also allowing the
compatibility with a rectangular building block.

- the second (17), its geometric shape being that of a
parallelogram, in order to create tables of berries
open (18) and elements of modenature. Cut in two,
it also allows the angles (19) to be produced.

These accessories (16/19) can be placed flat or
singing.

Figure 4. represents, in plan, the superposition of two
horizontal ranss For the execution of an ansle, as well as
tables and support (or le'seuil) of a bay.

In the case of interior partitioning and using this module in at least two different shades, a contrast effect is obtained between the two faces of the wall, one appearing in positive "(20), the other in" negative " t21).

 Figure 5. shows, in elevation, this contrast effect.

 Insofar as it is desired to bring out certain elements in relief, the proportions of this module and / or the notches located on its longitudinal axis favor a blocking of these protruding elements in the case of an installation with mounted vertical joints dry (22).

Figure 6. shows, in plan, a pose with reliefs.

 With a device in headers, this construction module or its accessories allows the realization of acoustic walls by the formation of sound traps (23) or solar energy collecting walls by a larger developed surface (24).

 Figure 7. shows, in plan, the module and its accessories arranged in headers.

 The same principles are obtained in an identical manner from possible variants on the configuration of the ribs intended to form the vertical joints for an implementation of this element flat - on the one hand by forming a baffle consisting of a succession of two angles, perpendicular or not (25), or by the opposition of two tansant arcs (26), the shape thus obtained in each case is similar to that of a T-shaped module (Figure 8. shows in plan these variants), - on the other hand, its angles can be at least equal to 900, in order to constitute an open space (27) or not (28), by juxtaposing two inverted modules and for treating the vertical joints, whether be installed with laying mortar or dry. (Figure 9. shows in plan these variants).

 The construction module according to the invention is particularly intended for the execution of vertical walls, load-bearing or not, of paving solsen coating and more generally for the realization of exterior fittings. It can be produced in solid, perforated or hollow elements, from terracotta, concrete or a composite material, of finished or unfinished appearance, by a spun, pressed or molded manufacturing process.

Claims (11)

 1) Reversible construction module (l), solid, perforated or hollow, characterized in that it has on a horizontal face in the case of a flat installation, two opposite ribs of different dimensions located on the same axis of symmetry, the two other ribs intended to form the vertical joints connecting their ends by constituting an isosceles trapeze (1) whatever the angle of inclination, in order to favor a particular implementation, the same row being constituted by the juxtaposition regularly alternated of the same inverted module (2), the realization of the upper row being done by superimposing on the same transverse axis of symmetry a module also inverted (3/4), allowing a notepad said English (5) or by a simple superimposition in order to align the vertical ioints (6) with a single thickness wall fitting, without header and with a single module.  2) construction module according to claim l, characterized in that this apparatus allows the constitution of a continuous vacuum over the entire height of the wall (8) reserving on either side of the longitudinal axis of the module a notch (7) of non-preferential shapes and dimensions. This continuous vacuum (8) allows: - depending on the exposure. of the facade, the creation of a decompression chamber or the filling of mortar to achieve vertical sealing while having dry-mounted vertical joints, - the integration of an installation template so. to improve implementation times, which can also provide a reinforcement or reinforcement function, increasing the stability and mechanical strength of the wall, - the integration of cable networks.  3) Construction module according to claim i, characterized in that the superposition of the rows can be carried out with different horizontal offsets allowing a variety of calepinases (5/9/10/11/12/13/6 or even their conjugation) a from a single module and for a wall mounted in single thickness,  4) Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its proportions make it possible, from a restricted range of accessories (14/17), to deal with the singular points (angles, table, support of bay, threshold, cornice, marquee ...), and / or to produce elements of modenature, the elements being implemented flat or on edge (15/16/18/19)  5) Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its use in at least two different shades, allows to obtain a contrast effect between the two faces of the wall, one appearing as in "positive" (20), the other in "negative" (21).  6) Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is possible to obtain differences in nudes between different elements (22) while benefiting from a block due to the sides intended to form the vertical joints and / or the notches located on its longitudinal axis in the case of a vertical joint mounted dry.  7) Construction module according to claim 1 or claim 4, characterized in that its proportions favor the production of acoustic walls by the formation of sound traps (23) or solar collector walls by a developed surface (24 ) more important, the elements being fitted in outlets.  8) Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sides intended to form the vertical joints can be drawn from a baffle obtained by a succession of perpendicular angles (25) or not, or by the opposition of two arcs of tangent circles (26) forming a T-module.  9) Construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its sngles can be at least equal to 90 ", in order to constitute an open space (27) or not (28) for the realization of the vertical joint .  10) paving flooring characterized in that it consists of similar or unlike modules, according to any one of claims I, 3 to 6, 8 or 9.  11) construction module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of terracotta, concrete or composite materials, from spun, pressed or molded manufacturing processes.