EP0606633A2 - A set of wooden building blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a set of structural elements for constructing load-bearing or decorative structures, comprising a multiplicity of structural elements which consist of wood, are of trapezoidal basic structure and are connected to one another by complementary toothing elements, if appropriate with the additional usage of an adhesive means, having: first structural elements (3, 3') with an essentially rectangular cross-section and toothing elements (3, 17, 31) which are arranged on opposite longitudinal side surfaces (11, 15), are distributed over the entire length and, by virtue of the engagement into a complementary mating piece, permit a plurality of first structural elements (3, 3') to be positioned in a row one beside the other in an aligned manner; second structural elements (5, 5', 5'') with the same construction as the first structural elements (3, 3') and additional toothing elements (19, 21, 51) on the end sides, these corresponding to the toothing elements (13, 17, 31) on the longitudinal side surfaces; third structural elements (7, 7', 7'') with essentially the same construction as the first structural elements (3, 3'), but having a trapezoidal cross-section, the cross-section lines of the longitudinal side surfaces (11, 15) which bear the toothing elements (13, 17, 31) forming the legs of the trapezium; and fourth structural elements (9) which are of the same construction as the first structural elements (3) and have an additional toothing element (23) on a third longitudinal side surface (22), this permitting, by virtue of the engagement into the complementary mating piece, addition at right angles of the adjacent structural element, and optionally further structural element of the s, independent protection also being claimed individually for some of these structural elements. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a kit for the construction of load-bearing or decorative constructions, consisting of a plurality of wooden components with a cuboid basic structure, which can be connected to one another as desired by complementary toothing elements, optionally with the additional use of an adhesive, and to special ones in the kit Contained components made of wood with a prismatic or cuboid basic structure and with toothing elements on two opposite sides of their long sides. The invention also relates to a method for producing the components.

In the forestry sector, yields have decreased significantly. There is therefore a need to utilize additional forest products in a useful manner. A forest product that has hitherto been used only rarely and at best as firewood or on a small scale as paper wood is so-called small wood, i.e. wood from thin and crooked logs or thick branches, in particular thinning wood. The invention aims to utilize such wood in a useful manner.

European patent application 0 439 252 describes lightweight wall elements that are composed of individual components. The components have a predefined length, are stacked in groups on top of each other and in by lateral stabilizing posts fixed their position. Normal lumber is used to manufacture such components. With this kit it is not possible to produce different building constructions, in particular the kit is not suitable for erecting arches or other rounded or polygonal building constructions.

Components from wood are also known from European patent application 0 226 567, which are suitable for erecting straight walls, further connection elements being required for durable building structures, since the individual components of the kit can only be connected to one another along their longitudinal direction.

In European patent application 0 312 482, wooden building elements of a kit are shown, which allow the construction of straight, arched or right-angled wall elements. The attachment of the toothing elements to these components is technologically complex and causes high manufacturing costs, and the range of structures that can be produced is very limited.

From the German Offenlegungsschrift 2 308 407 a kit is also known with components cut from larger volumes of wood, which are particularly intended for the rustic furnishing of interiors.

In contrast, the invention is intended to create a kit with which, using forestry by-products for the manufacture of the components, the construction of a wide variety of load-bearing or decorative constructions is possible, a limited number of different components being sufficient.

The stated object is achieved in that the kit at least comprises: a first component with a substantially rectangular cross section and toothing elements arranged on opposite longitudinal side surfaces and extending over the entire length, which, by engaging in a complementary counterpart, enable a series of first components to be aligned ; a second component with the same basic structure as the first component and additional toothing elements on the end faces, the correspond to the toothing elements on the long side surfaces; a third component with an essentially similar basic structure as the first component, but with a trapezoidal cross-section, the cross-sectional lines of the longitudinal side surfaces carrying the toothing elements forming the legs of the trapezoid; and a fourth component with a basic structure of the same type as the first component and an additional toothing element on a third longitudinal side surface, which, by engaging in the complementary counterpart, enables the adjacent component to be arranged at right angles.

By selecting suitable dimensions of the components of a kit, for example, the construction of load-bearing structures for room design or room division is possible. In contrast, kits with smaller components serve z. B. the production of models or small decorative objects. The kits can also be used as toys in a manner known per se.

The components with, for building constructions, preferably a cross-sectional area of about 25 to 200 cm² can be cut out individually or in pairs from the essentially circular cross-section of small wood, whereby for individually cut-out components a substantially square cross-section with edge lengths of 5 to 15 cm and For components cut out twice from the circular cross section, a rectangular cross section with an edge length ratio of approximately 1: 2 or a trapezoidal cross section is preferred. In the former case, with good use of the weak starting log, there are components in which at least 65% of all annual rings of the starting material are in the cross-section of the component, and in the latter case, due to the tendency of not yet dry wood, radial jumps To get, is preferred, there are components in which at least 60% of all annual rings of the starting material are in the cross section of the two components, namely almost 50% of their extension in one of these two. The wood raw material is preferably at least Dried for 6 months and can otherwise not be easily usable wood such as pine wood, spruce-small wood etc. It is of course not excluded that a kit also includes some different manufactured components, especially if it is designed for structures that still require special forms of components in places.

In a first embodiment, which enables a particularly simple and quick assembly of individual components, the toothing elements arranged on the components are directly complementary to one another. The toothing elements can in particular be tongue and groove, which can be modified in many ways, for example dovetail-shaped, arc-shaped, etc. Conical toothing elements, that is to say springs thinning outwards and grooves narrowing inwards, could be of particular importance, since these are easy to assemble Centering result and help to avoid inhibitions that arise during assembly, for example due to enlarged, e.g. swollen springs could adjust.

In a second embodiment, at least some components of a kit have mutually identical toothing elements, which are in particular formed by a groove. In this case, the complementary counterparts form separate switching elements which serve to interlock adjacent components. If the similar toothing elements are grooves, the mediating element is a spring which is inserted and / or glued into the mutually opposite grooves of the adjacent components with part of its transverse extent. The switching element designed as a separate spring has the shape of an elongated cuboid, the dimensions of which correspond to the groove in the components. This embodiment enables an even better utilization of the starting material, since the toothing elements protruding over the essential cross section of the components are eliminated, and facilitates production by planing.

In the two previously mentioned embodiments, the grooves and / or the springs can also extend over the length of the component be interrupted so that, for example, individual partial springs are distributed over the length of the component. The indication that the toothing elements, when engaging in their respective complementary counterpart on another, similar component, enables alignment or a right-angled arrangement, indicates the cuboid or prism surfaces on which the toothing elements are seated and their mutual relationship. With regard to their dimensioning and their arrangement on the surface, they must therefore be coordinated with one another, a central course along the respective longitudinal side surfaces being preferred for reasons of interchangeability of the component orientation.

To produce the components of the kit according to the invention from round wood, a four-sided planing machine and a saw are sufficient for the subsequent cutting to length of the components, for example in the longitudinal extent of 5 cm in the case of model building blocks or from 10 to 100 cm for construction purposes.

It is advantageous if the kit further comprises a fifth component, which has a triangular cross section and two toothing elements which extend over the entire length of adjoining longitudinal side surfaces. This makes it possible to create acute or obtuse-angled constructions with the individual components. Furthermore, the fifth component z. B. can be used as a ridge element in roof structures.

Another inexpensive addition to the kit according to the invention is a sixth component with the same structure as the third component and additional toothing elements on the end faces. The use of these components offers the advantage that when building rounded or polygonal building structures, the components are interlocked in two directions can, which results in a higher stability of the construction. Both in the sixth component and in the abovementioned second component, the toothing elements can be arranged on the end faces in a continuation of those on the longitudinal sides or transversely to them.

In special cases it can prove to be advantageous if the kit continues to be fasteners such. B. elongated self-screwing wood screws, which extend through at least two components, or brackets, which encompass at least two components. The cohesion of the individual components is further increased by such additional connecting elements, which leads to higher load capacities, particularly in the case of self-supporting constructions.

Independent protection is also claimed for the components according to the invention which are referred to as the third and the sixth component and which are not known in the prior art.

In two different variants of the invention, the components mentioned have, on the one hand, identical toothing elements and, on the other hand, complementary toothing elements. In the embodiments of the kit and the various components, which are equipped with mutually identical toothing elements, a complementary counterpart is also used, which engages in the toothing element when connecting adjacent components in each of the adjacent components.

Both in the kit and in the above-mentioned components, it is particularly advantageous if, in the case of the complementary toothing elements, they each consist of a groove or a tongue and, in the case of the similar components, these consist of a groove, each of which is essentially rectangular or light have a trapezoidal cross-section tapering towards the outside or towards the bottom of the groove, the longitudinal side surfaces of the groove and the tongue, or their central plane, running perpendicular to the surface of the component on which the toothing element is arranged. Such gear elements can be particularly simple, for. B. with the help of milling and planing machines, and can absorb large loads.

It is preferable if the groove or the tongue occupies approximately one third of the area of the side on which it is arranged and runs approximately in the middle of this area. This allows individual components to be laterally offset from one another be arranged, whereby particularly decorative constructions are formed.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht von oben einer aus Bauelementen des erfindungsgemäßen Bausatzes aufgebauten Mauer;

Fig. 2

ein erstes Bauelement des Bausatzes in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 3

ein zweites Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 4

ein drittes Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 5

ein viertes Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 6

ein fünftes Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 7

ein sechstes Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 8

eine zweite Ausführungsform des dritten Bauelements in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 9

eine zweite Ausführungsform des vierten Bauelements in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 10

eine zweite Ausführungsform des zweiten Bauelements in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 11

ein siebtes Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 12

ein achtes Bauelement in einer Vorderansicht und in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 13

eine zweite Wand, die mit dem Bausatz errichtet wurde, in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 14

einen Abschnitt einer dritten Wand, die mit dem Bausatz errichtet wurde, in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 15

einen Abschnitt einer vierten Wand, die mit dem Bausatz errichtet wurde, in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 16

eine fünfte Wand, die mit dem Bausatz errichtet wurde, in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 17

eine sechste Wand, die mit dem Bausatz errichtet wurde, in einer Ansicht von oben;

Fig. 18

eine sechste Wand in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Fig. 19

eine siebte Wand in perspektivischer Ansicht unter gleichzeitiger Darstellung eines neunten Bauelements;

Fig. 20

eine achte Wand in perspektivischer Ansicht unter gleichzeitiger Darstellung eines zehnten Bauelements;

Fig.n 21 und 22

schematische Querschnittsansichten zur Veranschaulichung der Herstellung der Bauelemente des Bausatzes aus Rundholz;

Fig. 23

eine zweite Ausführungsform des ersten Bauelements in einer perspektivischen Ansicht mit einer separaten Feder;

Fig. 24

eine dritte Ausführungsform des zweiten Bauelements in einer perspektivischen Ansicht mit einer separaten Feder;

Fig. 25

eine dritte Ausführungsform des dritten Bauelements in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 26

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines achten Bauelements;

Fig. 27

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines neunten Bauelements mit einer separaten Feder.

Further advantages, features and developments of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view from above of a wall constructed from components of the kit according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a first component of the kit in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 3

a second component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 4

a third component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 5

a fourth component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 6

a fifth component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 7

a sixth component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 8

a second embodiment of the third component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 9

a second embodiment of the fourth component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 10

a second embodiment of the second component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 11

a seventh component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 12

an eighth component in a front view and in a side view;

Fig. 13

a second wall, which was built with the kit, in a side view;

Fig. 14

a portion of a third wall, which was built with the kit, in a front view;

Fig. 15

a portion of a fourth wall, which was built with the kit, in a front view;

Fig. 16

a fifth wall, which was built with the kit, in a perspective view;

Fig. 17

a sixth wall, which was built with the kit, in a view from above;

Fig. 18

a sixth wall in perspective view;

Fig. 19

a seventh wall in a perspective view while showing a ninth component;

Fig. 20

an eighth wall in a perspective view while showing a tenth component;

Fig.n 21 and 22

schematic cross-sectional views to illustrate the manufacture of the components of the kit from round wood;

Fig. 23

a second embodiment of the first component in a perspective view with a separate spring;

Fig. 24

a third embodiment of the second component in a perspective view with a separate spring;

Fig. 25

a third embodiment of the third component in a perspective view;

Fig. 26

a perspective view of an eighth component;

Fig. 27

a perspective view of a ninth component with a separate spring.

In Fig. 1 a wall is shown in a steep perspective view seen from above, which is composed of components of a kit according to the invention. In its basic configuration, the kit consists of a first component 3 (FIG. 2), a second component 5 (FIG. 3), a third component 7 (FIG. 4) and a fourth component 9 (FIG. 5). The wall shown is composed of several such components. All components have a cuboid basic structure, which is also referred to as a prism structure can. The length of the components is variable. Particularly suitable lengths for the components are 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm in the event that the components are to be used for building structures, for example in rooms or open spaces; and 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm long components are particularly suitable for model buildings and toy kits. The individual components consist of wood and are z. B. has been worked out with planing and milling machines from the starting material.

As can be seen in Fig. 1, a number of similar components are each stacked in a column shape and the adjacent columns are interlocked on their long sides. Columns made of the same components as well as those whose components differ from those of the neighboring column are arranged directly next to one another. The components can also be installed with horizontal longitudinal extension.

Individual components are described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 10 and 12, which can be assigned to a first group of components or kits according to the invention on the basis of a common feature. This common feature consists in that the toothing elements are formed by at least a first toothing element and a second toothing element which is complementary to the first, these complementary toothing elements being arranged on different side faces of the components.

Fig. 2 shows the first component 3 individually. It has an essentially square cross section. Tooth elements are attached to two opposite longitudinal side surfaces of the component, namely a tongue 13 on a first longitudinal side surface 11 and a groove 17 on a second longitudinal side surface 15. However, the toothing elements can be designed differently in other embodiments. Complementary rows of teeth or a number of knobs and recesses complementary thereto can be used. The tongue 13 and the groove 17 are complementary to one another, so that the tongue 13 of the one component in each case the groove 17 of the adjacent component can engage. In the example shown, the side surfaces of the toothing elements 13, 17 are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 and the tongue 13 or the groove 17 is located in the middle of the first longitudinal side surface 11 or the second longitudinal side surface 15. Take the toothing elements 13, 17 one third of the area of the long side faces 11, 15 each. As a result, the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 are divided into three sections of essentially the same width.

3 shows the second component 5. The basic structure of the second component 5 is the same as that of the first component 3, the cross sections are identical over the majority of the length of the components. In addition, a further toothing element is present on each of the two end faces of the component 5. A second tongue 19 is located on the first face and a second groove 21 is located on the second face. The second tongue 19 and the second groove 21 are directly attached to the first tongue 13 and the first groove 17, i. H. they extend between the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 of the component 5. In an overlap area between the tongue and groove at the end of the tongues 13, 19, these were compensated for by the groove.

When using first components 3 for erecting constructions, the individual components are interlocked with one another only in one direction. In contrast, if second components 5 are used, the individual components are interlocked in two directions. A combination of the first components 3 with the second components 5 is possible since the springs 13, 19 and the grooves 17, 21 have the same dimensions in a kit according to the invention and are complementary to one another. If necessary, the second spring 19 can be at interfaces between first components 3 and second components 5 z. B. be removed by planing.

4, the third component 7 is shown. It differs from the first component 3 by a trapezoidal cross section. The side surfaces of the tongue 13 and the groove 17 are in turn perpendicular to the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 of the component 7 arranged. By lining up a number of third components 7, polygonal shapes of the construction can be achieved. The smallest possible circumferential circle of the buildable structures depends on the trapezoidal angles of the third component 7. In the embodiment shown, the angle included between the legs and the long base edge is 85.5 ° on both sides, or the angle between the oblique side surfaces of the isosceles trapezoid is 9 °. With a component thickness of 7.5 cm, this results in an arc of 1 m inside diameter. Since the toothing elements 13, 17 correspond to those of the first component 3 and the second component 5, the third component 7 can be installed with the first component 3 and / or the second component 5. By interposing one or more first components 3 between two third components 7, the circumferential circle of the construction to be erected can be enlarged.

The fourth component 9 is shown in FIG. 5. The basic structure of the first component 3 is again present, but a further spring 23 is attached to a third longitudinal side surface 22 of the fourth component 9 as an additional toothing element. The further tongue 23 extends like the tongue 13 and the groove 17 over the entire length of the component 9. In terms of its dimensions, it corresponds to the tongue 13 and is therefore complementary to the groove 17. The fourth component 9 is used as a corner piece or angled piece in the building structures that can be produced with the kit. With the help of such components such. B. can be assembled at right angles to each other and interlocked walls or construction parts. The arrangement of other components can be seen from Fig. 1.

With the four components 3, 5, 7, 9 listed, a kit is available with which different constructions can be built. Some embodiments are described below.

6 shows a fifth component 25. The fifth component 25 extends the kit according to the invention. It differs from the basic components 3, 5, 7, 9 in that it has an essentially triangular cross section, that is has the basic structure of a triangular prism. As in the fourth component, the tongue 23 and the groove 17 are arranged on the two adjacent longitudinal side surfaces 22, 15. So that the fifth component 25 can interact with the other components of the kit, the tongue 23 and the groove 17 in turn have the same dimensions. The fifth component 25 can be used, for example, as an edge or end element.

The kit is further expanded by a sixth component 27 shown in FIG. 7. It is similar to the third component 7, i. H. it has a trapezoidal cross section. As with the second component 5, in addition to the spring 13 and the groove 17 on the sixth component 27, toothing elements, namely the second spring 19 and the second groove 21, are also arranged on the two end faces. The advantages of the second component 5 and the third component 7 are thus combined in order to enable polygonal structural constructions with increased strength, greater load-bearing capacity and toothing possibilities in two directions.

Fig. 8 shows a second embodiment 7 'of the third component 7. The structure differs from the first embodiment only in a changed trapezoidal angle. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the angle enclosed between the legs and the long base edge of the trapezoid and the trapezoid angle are each 60 °. The tongue 13 and the groove 17 do not differ from the toothing elements previously explained. The kit according to the invention can advantageously be expanded by means of this modified third component 7 ', and it is also possible to produce differently angled courses in the building constructions. The component 7 'according to FIG. 8 can, as will be shown, be produced from round wood with particularly good material utilization (FIG. 22). Embodiments are also possible in which the leg lengths of the trapezoid are unequal.

FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment 9 'of the fourth component 9. The embodiment differs from the first embodiment of the fourth component 9 in that the first spring 13 on the first Longitudinal side surface 11 is removed. The component 9 'also has the groove 17 and the further tongue 23. It can be associated with the kit in the form shown. However, it is also possible, when assembling structures, the unnecessary spring 13 z. B. by planing, whereby an angle element can serve as a corner element. In this way, the number of different components required is limited.

FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment 5 ′ of the second component 5 as a further example of the versatile modification or addition possibilities of the four basic elements of the kit. Again, the tongue 13 and the groove 17 extend on the first long side surface 11 and the second long side surface 15, but the second tongue 19 and the second groove 21 extend across the end faces of the component 5 '. Such components can in turn be used advantageously in the construction of walls that abut or intersect at right angles. This lacks the common feature of the components described so far, namely the at least two complementary toothing elements.

A seventh component 29 is shown in FIG. This lacks the common feature of the components described so far, namely the at least two complementary toothing elements. The groove 17, which extends over the entire length of the component 29, is in turn arranged on the second longitudinal side surface 15. In contrast to the first component 3, there is no tongue on the opposite first longitudinal side surface 11, but a further groove 31. Seventh components 29 are particularly advantageously used when two identical toothing elements, that is to say two springs, are used in the construction of the components of the kit 13, meet. Another use arises with separate spring components, which are used on both sides in grooves. The seventh component 29 can be added to the kit as a supplement. It is also possible to produce a component that has a spring as a toothing element on each of the two opposite longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 owns.

An eighth component 33 shown in FIG. 12 is similar in terms of the toothing elements to the second component 5. It differs from this in that the cuboid basic structure is not completely formed, but rather the longitudinal side surfaces of the component 33 have a trapezoidal shape. As with the second component 5, the toothing elements 13, 17, 19, 21 are present.

The drawn and briefly explained components serve as examples for a large number of possible variations of the basic components of the kit according to the invention. They can all be made from weak logs using suitable planing and sawing settings.

FIGS. 13 to 20 described below show individual examples of the arrangements of the components described above for the construction of various constructions. In the examples shown, only the components of the first group are used, which are characterized by complementary toothing elements on each individual component.

13 shows a second wall section in side view, which is composed only of horizontally arranged first components 3. When the first components 3 are interlocked, they touch in contact areas 35, which are formed by the first longitudinal side surface 11, the second longitudinal side surface 15 and the surfaces of the tongue 13 or the groove 17. To increase the strength of the erected wall element, an adhesive 37 can be applied in these support areas. A glue that is weatherproof, non-toxic and non-corrosive is particularly suitable for this. Furthermore, the adhesive 37 should have a short setting time and should produce a durable connection between the individual components without additional pressing during the setting time. This is necessary in order to build larger structures that consist of a large number of components, since such structures cannot be clamped in devices for pressing. A suitable adhesive is a water-resistant assembly glue based on polyvinyl acetate, which meets the requirements of stress group B3 DIN 68 602 is sufficient.

In the uppermost of the components 3 shown in FIG. 13, several annual rings 38 of the wood have been drawn in. If two components are cut out side by side from a log of small wood, the distribution pattern of the annual rings is roughly the same.

14 shows a third piece of wall, which is also composed of first components 3 only. The straight wall section is composed in a manner known per se. The individual components 3 are stacked one above the other from layer to layer. Since the toothing elements 13, 17 extend over the entire length of the components, a firm cohesion is achieved in this way between the individual layers of the masonry and the adjacent components. If high demands are placed on the strength of the masonry, a plurality of brackets 39 are additionally provided, each holding two components 3 together, for example. The brackets 39 engage on the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 of the components. Other fastening options for the brackets 39 are possible.

15 shows a fourth wall section in a front view, which is composed of several second components 5. It can be seen that second components 5 with different lengths were used. This also results in an offset between the individual columns of the masonry in the illustrated arrangement of the structural elements. The masonry shown has a high strength, since the components 5 are interlocked in two directions.

16 shows a fifth piece of wall in a perspective view, which is composed of third components 7 and sixth components 27, each of different lengths. By using the components with a trapezoidal cross section, the trapezoidal angle z. B. is 9 °, there is a polygonal course of the masonry, which can be easily adapted to a curve. An almost completely rounded outer surface of the masonry can be through achieve subsequent sanding of the polygon corners. To further increase the stability of the masonry shown, self-screwing wood screws 41 are provided, each connecting two components.

17 is a top view of a sixth masonry. In contrast to the construction designs already described, the toothing elements 13, 17 do not engage directly with one another. Rather, due to the thirding of the long sides 11, 15 described, they are connected to them by adhesive. Such a division enables staggered masonry to be created for particularly decorative purposes.

In addition to wall sections, the kit according to the invention can be used to produce versatile load-bearing and decorative building structures. Examples of this are the following in a loose order: wall scaffolding for cladding, decorative partition, garden bench, dog house, railing, arched garden bridge, soundproofing wall, seating, bed frames, etc.

Before building larger structures, it may be useful to check the feasibility and appearance of the structures to be erected beforehand as a model. Here, the same shape, geometrically similar components are used, which are scaled down and in turn belong to a model kit according to the invention.

The components 7 'according to FIG. 8 deserve a special preference since they can be cut from the log in a material-saving manner given the thickness of the log. At the end of the wall, special component shapes may have to be planed again, which offer the necessary adjustment.

FIG. 18 shows a wall constructed from components 7 'which are arranged in vertical columns. 19, the wall is expanded to a corner structure, with planed components 43 serving as corner components, the construction of which is readily apparent from the drawing. A variant is shown in Fig. 20, in which the components 7 'are arranged in horizontal positions, with special corner components 44, of which in turn the construction can be seen from the drawing. The layers one above the other are connected by the adhesive 37.

FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate the material-saving production of the components on the basis of components 3 and 7 '.

In Fig. 21 a thin log 45, e.g. a spruce trunk, as it occurs during thinning, is shown, from which the component 3, whose cross-sectional contour is drawn in the trunk, is worked out. The component 2 is cut out, for. B. with a four-sided planer and a chop saw. The trunk has a certain number of annual rings 38, which are distributed as concentric circles over the entire cross section of the trunk. Trunks with a diameter from 12 to e.g. 20 cm.

To produce smaller components that are used in model and toy kits according to the invention, it is also possible to use logs of light wood and strong branches with even smaller diameters as the starting material.

With an essentially square basic cross section of the component 3, the edge length is chosen so that the available starting material is optimally used.

In the case of components of this type which contain the fiber axis, radial cracks easily occur, depending on the condition and type of wood, and usually already during manufacture. Such radial cracks are of no disadvantageous consequence if, due to the structure to be erected, the components are stressed in the direction of the fiber - under pressure or tension - or are only subjected to pressure across the fiber and across the crack, for example in wall scaffolding and walls. With a tensile load across the crack, for example in the event of a bending stress in the transverse direction of the component, such elements with a crack cannot be used. Components with a radial crack can therefore only be used to a limited extent.

22, two components 7 'with a respective trapezoidal basic cross-section are cut from the trunk cross-section. The angle of 60 ° between the baseline and Leg proves to be suitable for optimal use of the area of the round log. The components 7 'are projected into the cross section of the trunk 45 in such a way that the two long base lines of the trapezoids abut one another. The spring 13 protrudes by an amount above the inclined end face, that is, over one leg of the trapezoid, which does not extend beyond the circumference of the trapezoid, which is given by the dimensions of the log 45. The fiber axis lies in the middle section plane, so that there is no tendency to radial tears.

With reference to FIG. 21, it could be that on one of the longitudinal edges 47 of the component the edge is cut off by the trunk circumference or a rounded edge is created at this point, which still carries some bark or bast remains. Corresponding appearances can also result from the other component shapes. Such edges are accepted for many applications and are even found to be advantageous for rustic decorations. For example, in the case of concealed structures, e.g. B. Wall structures that are still covered with plasterboard, irrelevant whether the components have "forest edges". There should only be a clear area for planting and nailing the cladding panels.

Components which are to be assigned to a second group and which are distinguished in that they have mutually identical toothing elements are described with reference to the following FIGS. 23 to 27. These similar gear elements are therefore not complementary. To produce the connections between the adjacent components, however, toothing elements are also required in this case, which can interlock. The complementary counterpart for the toothing elements of the components therefore forms a switching element which engages approximately 50% each in the two toothing elements of the adjacent components.

The examples shown relate only to one embodiment of toothing elements, namely the components shown have grooves which, like the components already described, extend along the side surfaces. In this case, the mediating element is formed by a separate spring, which has the shape of a bar or an elongated cuboid. The spring is inserted into the grooves of the components when assembling individual components. Depending on the dimensional design of the groove and the tongue and on strength requirements, the tongue is pressed in and / or glued in. The tongue can take up the entire length of the groove or can only extend along individual areas in it. It is part of the kit according to the invention and can be added to it in different lengths.

The basic structure of the embodiments described below is the same as the components described above. Details are therefore only dealt with to the extent necessary to show the differences.

23 shows a second embodiment 3 'of the first component (FIG. 2). The construction of this component 3 'corresponds to that of the seventh component 29. Like this, it has the first groove 17 on the second longitudinal side 15 and the further groove 31 on the first longitudinal side 11. The component 3' also differs from the first embodiment in this respect 3 of the first component that the toothing elements 17, 31 occupy less than a third of the width of the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15.

In addition, a separate spring 49 is shown above the component 3 ', which fulfills the function of the switching element complementary to the groove 31. The spring 49 is supplied loose and can possibly consist of several sections. It has the shape of an elongated cuboid. In the case of differently designed toothing elements of the components, however, the shape is complementarily adapted to these toothing elements.

24 shows a third embodiment 5 ″ of the second component, which corresponds to the arrangement of the toothing elements of the first embodiment. On the longitudinal side surfaces 11, 15 there are grooves 17, 31 and on the end faces there are the second groove 21 and this a third groove 51 opposite. Again, is above the Component 5 '' shown the separate spring 49.

A third embodiment 7 ″ of the third basic element of the kit is shown in FIG. 25. The trapezoidal cross section is also present here. The difference is that there is no tongue relative to the groove 17, but the further groove 31.

Even without the drawing, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that all other components which have been described above with complementary toothing elements can also be produced in such a way that similar toothing elements run along one or more longitudinal side faces and / or end face faces. It must only be noted that the arrangement of grooves on three or four longitudinal side faces with certain components (e.g. with the fifth component 25) can lead to an extreme weakening of the remaining inner core cross section, as a result of which these components have only a low strength.

With an eighth component 53 shown in FIG. 26, however, this danger does not exist. The cross section of the eighth component 53 is trapezoidal. It is therefore particularly suitable for the construction of polygonal or angled constructions. The further groove 31 is located opposite the first groove 17. Further grooves 55 and 57 are worked in on the other two longitudinal side surfaces. The eighth component can thus also be used as a cross element.

A ninth component 59 is shown in FIG. 27 as a further example of the versatility of the components and the kits equipped with them. The grooves 17, 31, 55 and 57 are located on the four longitudinal side surfaces. In addition, the second groove 21 and a further groove 61, which runs perpendicular to the groove 21, are located on the first end face. On the other end face there are two further grooves running perpendicular to one another, but these are not visible in the figure. An additional groove 63 forms a transverse toothing element on the first longitudinal side surface 11. The transverse groove 63 enables, for example, the use of the ninth component when building intersecting walls.

The separate spring 49 is shown above the ninth component 59. The spring 49 shown is designed in its strength so that about 50% of it is inserted into the groove 31 in order to engage with the remaining 50% in the groove of the adjacent component (not shown).

But there are also springs 49 possible, which have only a width which, when inserted into the groove, only fills them completely and then is flush with the remaining surface of the long sides. The component can thus be used universally. The grooves that are not required are simply filled with separate half-height springs.

In other embodiments, additional transverse grooves can be provided.

Due to their variable size and usability, the components can be used well for the production of different shapes of buildings and components, such as: load-bearing walls and vaults, cloakroom walls and exhibition stands (also on stilts), garden houses, bed frames, garden architecture and planters, components for Children's playgrounds, park benches, waiting room benches and shaped seats, advertising columns and billboards, garages, dog houses and bus stops, garden bridges and pedestrian bridges (arched), cladding for waste baskets or the like, railings, raised floors, half-timbered bricks, noise barriers.

Claims (19)

Kit for the construction of load-bearing or decorative constructions, consisting of a large number of wooden components with a cuboid basic structure, which can be connected to one another by complementary toothing elements, optionally with the additional use of an adhesive, with first components (3, 31) with an essentially rectangular one Cross-section and toothing elements (13, 17, 31) arranged over the entire length and arranged opposite the longitudinal side surfaces (11, 15), which, by engaging in a complementary counterpart, enable a row of several first components (3, 31) to be aligned;
characterized in that it further comprises at least:
second components (5, 5 ', 5'') with the same structure as the first components (3, 3') and additional toothing elements (19, 21, 51) on the end faces which the toothing elements (13, 17, 31) correspond to the long side surfaces;
third components (7, 7 ', 7'') with an essentially identical structure to the first components (3, 3'), but with a trapezoidal cross-section, the cross-sectional lines of the longitudinal side surfaces (11, 17, 31) supporting the toothing elements (13 , 15) form the legs of the trapezoid; and
fourth component (9) with the same structure as the first component (3) and an additional toothing element (23) on a third longitudinal side surface (22), which enables the right-angled arrangement of the adjacent component by the engagement in the complementary counterpart. Kit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises fifth components (25) with a triangular cross section and two toothed elements (23, 17) which extend over the entire length of adjoining longitudinal side surfaces (22, 15). Kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises sixth components (27) of the same type Structure like the third component (7) and with additional toothing elements (19, 21) on the end faces. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the toothing elements arranged on some components comprise at least a first toothing element (13, 23) and a second toothing element (17) which is complementary to the first toothing element (13, 23). Kit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least two of the toothing elements (17, 31) arranged on some components are of the same type and the complementary counterpart is a switching element (49) belonging to the kit, which is complementary to the similar toothing elements (17 , 31) and engages in two identical toothing elements of adjacent components. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises connecting elements in the form of elongated self-screwing wood screws (41) which extend through at least two components and / or connecting elements in the form of brackets (39) which at least encompass two components. Component made of wood with a cuboid basic structure and with toothing elements on two opposite of its longitudinal side surfaces, in particular for use in a kit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a substantially trapezoidal cross-section, the cross-sectional lines of the toothing elements (13, 17, 31) bearing longitudinal side surfaces (11, 15) form the legs of the trapezoid. Component according to claim 7, characterized in that the cross-sectional trapezoid has the same leg lengths and the included angle between the long base edge and the legs is between 55 ° and 88 °. Component made of wood with a cuboid basic structure, essentially rectangular cross-section and with toothing elements (13, 17, 31) on two opposite of its longitudinal side surfaces, in particular for use in a kit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that it has further toothing elements (19, 21, 51) on the end faces. Component according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the toothing elements consist of at least a first toothing element (13) and a second toothing element (17) which is complementary to the first. Component according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at least two of the toothing elements (17, 31) are of the same type. Kit or component according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, on the one hand, the optionally complementary toothing elements each made of a groove (17, 21) and a tongue (13, 19) and on the other hand the optionally similar toothing elements made of a groove (17, 31), each with an essentially isosceles cross section, the center planes of which run perpendicular to the surface of the component on which the toothing element is arranged. Kit or component according to claim 12, characterized in that the complementary counterpart for the groove (17, 31, 51, 55, 57, 63) serving as toothing element is a separate spring (49) which is in the groove or a part of the Groove can be used to about 50% of its transverse extent. Kit or component according to Claim 12, characterized in that the groove (17, 21, 31, 51, 55, 57) or the tongue (13, 19) is approximately one third of the area of the side face on which it is arranged, occupies and runs approximately in the middle of this area. Kit or component according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the toothing elements (19, 21, 51, 55) which may be present are located on the end faces between the longitudinal side surfaces (11, 15) carrying the toothing elements (13, 17, 31) ) extend. Kit or component according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the components consist of naturally grown wood with annual rings (38) and the central longitudinal axis of the Starting material largely coincides with the longitudinal axis of the component. Kit or component according to claim 16, characterized in that the center of the annual rings of the wood lies in a side surface plane of the individual components (Fig. 22). Kit or component according to claim 16, characterized in that at least 65% of all annual rings (38) of the starting material (45) are completely in the cross section of the component (3) (Fig. 21). Process for the production of components of kits according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that component strands are made from small wood by removing material in the longitudinal direction of the fibers and these are then cut to length.

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