EP0598695B1 - Shuttering arrangement for building homes - Google Patents

Description

In the construction of social housing, it is common to build a home from furniture placement surfaces and minimal displacement of its inhabitants. Total area cannot exceed a certain number of meters square, in accordance with administrative guidelines.

To reduce costs per square meter and compensate simultaneously the high unit prices of land construction, we build in height. In the event of execution in reinforced concrete with prefabricated elements for walls and ceilings and with tunnel formwork, in which the partitions and the facades are embedded after the formwork has been removed, or also when using slipforms or climbing, ceilings are made later and require that for economical use of materials, the stacked dwellings have identical plan layouts.

By FR-A-2422009, we know a formwork system for tall buildings, for example for offices, which includes all the walls. To ensure formwork with this system the formwork panels are removed and are then lifted mechanically and simultaneously to the next floor, the ceilings being constructed later.

On the other hand, the publication EP-A-0493140 describes a prefabricated ceiling tile with firsts connecting anchors for subsequent handling of the slab, and of the second connecting anchors arranged around the slab and used to fix the slab to a peripheral formwork to close the joints on the upper edge of the walls.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks state of the art and reduce costs of building social housing by simplifying structural work thanks to a standardization of construction which allows mass production. This also allows the construction of buildings with few storeys and avoids some uniformity.

This objective is achieved thanks to the invention which proposes a method of making a formwork using standard formwork units including panels vertical walls held by organs articulated so that these panels can be brought in cooperation with angle brackets.

According to the invention, each vertical wall of the unit formwork extends at equal distance between two lines consecutive axial of a square mesh network. The consecutive vertical panels of the formwork unit are connected by buttresses hinged to a construction support made spatially rigid and fixed by screwing to the first crossing anchors a horizontal concrete slab in locations located to nodes of said square mesh network. At less a precast concrete slab is laid on the walls, the slab having a width equal to twice the inter-axial distance of said network and having a length one, two, or three times the distance inter-axial. The second connecting anchors arranged around the edge of the slab in line with the axial lines of said network, the first anchors of connection for fixing the support construction above and handling of the slab, while the second connecting anchors used to fix the concrete slab to a peripheral formwork to close the joints on the upper edge walls.

An exemplary embodiment is defined in the claims 2 to 6.

Another aspect of the invention, defined in the claims 7 and 8, relates to a precast concrete slab, intended for use in the following process the invention.

The process is based on the adoption of a construction network with square meshes. The distance between axial lines determines a standard unit. The width of all premises is chosen equal to two units minus the thickness of the walls and their lengths are equal to three, two and one unit minus the thickness of walls. In planning, a row of premises can be offset by one unit or be rotated by 90 ° to obtain different plan layouts for dwellings located on the same level or also on different floors using these same standard units. Larger premises are obtained by inserting an opening of two standard units in the common wall, while two smaller rooms can be obtained using a partition wall in a large room. Vertical walls advantageously all have the same thicknesses and are made of medium density concrete and it is so efficient to use wall formwork which includes all the walls for the realization of all the walls of a room.

In this process, the ceiling tiles are removed on the walls made in the form of prefabricated elements. Ceiling tiles are made in the workshop in formwork made in the form of pallets and containing threaded holes exactly at the nodes of the network. Link anchors are screwed into these threaded holes and have internal threads continuous and a length corresponding to the thickness of the slabs. Overhead traveling cranes and cranes receive support construction which is screwed and unscrewed mechanically on these anchors. this allows to realize simple and safe manufacturing operations in the workshop, which essentially involves moving pallets and slabs.

Concrete slabs are placed on the walls on construction site. The upper edge of the wall is finished in the width of the bearing surface of an insulating strip, as a packing joint. The formwork of the walls is fixed by screwing to peripheral connecting anchors and the ceiling tile thus plays the role of an element of auxiliary construction. The placement of the slab of ceiling therefore determines the dimensions of the formwork walls. For this purpose, in the angles of the future walls, we drives squares into fresh concrete which brackets are slightly folded outwards from a few centimeters above the edge and present different lengths. Corrections can easily performed to ensure alignment from the whole.

In the process of the present invention, the formwork of the walls is supported by buttresses hinged on a support structure made spatially rigid and this construction is fixed by screwing to the anchors connecting ceiling tiles. Support and lateral guides of the wall panels in conjunction with the articulated buttresses provide a non-deformable formwork unit. All the buttresses articulated are moved synchronously by a linkage control in their central articulation, this linkage going around the support construction and being provided at each height with a threaded control. The tearing of concrete surfaces from a long wall and thin is avoided if the formwork of the neighboring room has already removed, provided that the formwork surfaces be removed in small steps from top to the bottom.

la figure 1 montre les trois types de dalles de plafond dans le réseau de construction et la représentation d'un appartement simple;

la figure 2 représente deux dalles de plafond déposées avec armatures de raccordement;

la figure 3 est une vue en élévation d'une unité de coffrage sur une dalle de plafond;

la figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'une unité de coffrage dans les deux positions initiales;

la figure 5 représente la disposition des articulations d'une l'équerre de coin.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings and is described in the following with the method of the present invention. In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows the three types of ceiling tiles in the construction network and the representation of a simple apartment;

FIG. 2 represents two ceiling tiles deposited with connection fittings;

Figure 3 is an elevational view of a formwork unit on a ceiling tile;

Figure 4 is a top view of a formwork unit in the two initial positions;

Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the joints of a corner bracket.

The upper part of figure 1 represents the three types of ceiling tiles, the width L of which is limited to two inter-axial distances A of a network of square mesh construction. Their lengths are equal to three times, twice and once the distance interaxial A. At the nodes of the axial lines of the network the connecting anchors are indicated 1. The lower part in Figure 1 illustrates the practical application of the construction network in the case of a dwelling. The offset of the premises due to an inter-axial distance, and the 90 ° rotation allow to obtain a simple plan layout. The front part of the figure 1 shows the communication between two rooms by making an opening in a wall, in order to obtain a larger room. The posterior part of the figure 1 shows a large room which is subdivided by dividing partitions in order to achieve for example a kitchen, a bathroom and a W.C.

Figure 2 shows two ceiling tiles 2 with connection fittings. The tiles rest on the walls. Link anchors 1 are used to adjust the position slabs from the start of manufacturing until the screwing of the wall formwork. The peripheral formwork of the ceiling slab 2 is fixed by screwing to the connecting anchors 3, in order to be able fill the resulting joints with heavy concrete. The ceiling tile 2 thus plays the role of a construction auxiliary.

Figure 3 shows a wall formwork of a room. The vertical panels 4 are connected by buttresses articulated 5 with a support construction 6 spatially rigid. Support construction is fixed by screwing to the connecting anchors 1 of the concrete slab 2. A work platform 7 rests by its entire surface on the support construction 6 to allow heating inside. His height is lower to facilitate work on the top edge of the wall. Reference figures 8 designate the connections for the support grid the crane, these connections also being arranged at construction network nodes.

Figure 4 is a top view showing the two initial positions of vertical panels 4 associated with a corner square 11. Figure 5 also shows a view of a corner square 11 and the arrangement of the joint 10. In the upper part of the Figure 4, the articulated buttresses 5 are folded in their environment by moving the control linkage which assembles them around the support construction. The vertical panels 4 are separated from the concrete by a few centimeters. The devices to maintain the panels according to their axial orientation as well as their supports on the support construction are only not shown. The square 11 with the joint 10 remains fixed without possibility of horizontal displacement and stays in its place until, at the time of the uprising of the formwork unit, the joint lowers, its length then decreasing and the square 11 coming press against the outer surface of the vertical panels 4 as illustrated in the lower part of the figure 4.

The square plays a protective role. Thanks to its branches a few millimeters thick, it protects the weakest points of the concrete wall at time of removal of the formwork unit. The signs formwork do not come into contact with the concrete between the brackets 11 and the arrow under the edge slabs prevents tearing of the edges of the concrete which will later be the support for the tiles ceiling 2, when the formwork unit is removed for formwork.

Claims (8)

1. Process for producing formwork for building, particularly for the construction of low-cost dwellings, which uses standardised formwork units comprising vertical wall panels (4) held in place by articulated means so that these panels can be brought into cooperation with corner bands (11), characterised in that:

   (a) each vertical wall (4) of the formwork unit extends an equal distance between two consecutive axial lines of a square-meshed grid, the length of the rooms being restricted to three axial distances,

   (b) the consecutive vertical panels (4) of the formwork unit are connected by articulated buttresses (5) to a supporting structure (6) which is rendered three-dimensionally rigid and fixed by screwing to first tie-anchors (1) fixed in a horizontal concrete slab (2) at locations situated at nodes of the square-meshed grid,

   (c) at least one prefabricated concrete slab (2) is placed on the walls, the slab having a width (L) equal to twice the interaxial spacing (A) of said grid and having a length equal to once, twice or three times the interaxial spacing (A),

   (d) the concrete slab (2) being provided with first tie-anchors (1) at locations situated at nodes of said square-meshed grid and second tie-anchors (3) arranged around the periphery of the slab (2) on an extension of the perpendicular axial lines of said grid,

   (e) the first tie-anchors (1) serving to secure the supporting structure (6) mentioned above and to allow handling of the slab,

   (f) the second tie-anchors (3) serving to secure the concrete slab (2) to a peripheral formwork in order to close off the joints at the top edge of the walls.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the abovementioned first tie-anchors (1) consist of tubes having an inner screw thread and a length equal to the thickness of the slabs (2).
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the prefabricated concrete slabs (2) are brought on site already screwed by the abovementioned second tie-anchors (3) to a peripheral pallet-shaped formwork.
4. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the supporting structure (6) rendered three-dimensionally rigid is fixed by screwing to first tie-anchors (1) of a ceiling slab (2).
5. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the articulated buttresses (5) have, in their centre, a control linkage (9) arranged round the supporting structure (6), this linkage being moved by a screw-threaded control member which folds all the buttresses in synchronism and thus initiates the operation of stripping the formwork.
6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each corner band (11) has, in its suspensions which are resistant to bending, two vertical articulations (10) which move down during the raising of the formwork unit, and rest on the adjacent formwork surfaces and thus perform a protective function.
7. Prefabricated ceiling slab (2) adapted to be placed on a wall and provided with:

   first tie-anchors (1) used for the subsequent handling of the slab and

   second tie-anchors (3) arranged around the periphery of the slab (2) and used to fix the concrete slab (2) to a peripheral formwork in order to close off the joints on the upper edge of the walls,

   characterised in that:

   a) the slab has a width (L) equal to twice the interaxial spacing (A) of a square-meshed grid and a length which is equal to once, twice or three times said interaxial spacing (A),

   b) the first tie-anchors (1) pass through the slab at locations situated at nodes of said square-meshed grid and are used to attach the supporting structure (6),

   c) the second tie-anchors (3) are arranged on an extension of the perpendicular axial lines of said grid.
8. Prefabricated slab according to claim 7,
   characterised in that the first tie-anchors (1) consist of internally screw-threaded tubes.

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