EP0147456B1 - Prefabricated formwork elements intended to the building of walls, method and device related thereto - Google Patents

Prefabricated formwork elements intended to the building of walls, method and device related thereto Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0147456B1
EP0147456B1 EP84902593A EP84902593A EP0147456B1 EP 0147456 B1 EP0147456 B1 EP 0147456B1 EP 84902593 A EP84902593 A EP 84902593A EP 84902593 A EP84902593 A EP 84902593A EP 0147456 B1 EP0147456 B1 EP 0147456B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
post
panels
accordance
posts
panel
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Expired
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EP84902593A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0147456A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Durand
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84902593T priority Critical patent/ATE27632T1/en
Publication of EP0147456A1 publication Critical patent/EP0147456A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/8688—Scaffoldings or removable supports therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of constructing exterior walls of concrete buildings, and to a device comprising a prefabricated formwork for implementing the method.
  • the invention relates more precisely to a prefabricated formwork intended for the production of exterior walls of buildings, to a method of constructing at least one exterior wall of a concrete building and using such prefabricated formwork, as well as to a device for implementing the method and which comprises, in addition to the prefabricated formwork, and for each of some of the prefabricated elements of this formwork, a device for positioning the corresponding element.
  • prefabricated formwork elements which comprise at least one pair of panels, one of which is an interior panel and the other of which is an exterior panel, which are intended to be held parallel to each other, for example vertically, so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, by a three-dimensional metallic structure for connecting and supporting the panels, each interior panel comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a covering in a thermally insulating material and, on the side of the interior of the building, an interior covering plate, for example in plaster.
  • the thermally insulating coating of the interior panel consists of a plate of uniform thickness of polyurethane foam, while the exterior panel consists of a simple sheet or formwork plate, recoverable or lost, the three-dimensional metallic structure of connection of the inner panel to the outer panel consisting of substantially parallel and horizontal rods, coupled by the bases of U-shaped rods, the ends of which are retained in the internal panel, the parallel rods and the bases of the U-shaped rods constituting a trellis against which the sheet or external shuttering plate is fixed.
  • Document FR-A-2 411 929 describes a formwork comprising an external panel comprising on the side of the intermediate space a coating of a thermally insulating material.
  • Document EP-A-092 693 teaches a formwork comprising a pair of panels which are intended to be held parallel to one another so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, each panel interior and exterior comprising on the side of the intermediate space a coating of a thermally insulating material.
  • the present invention proposes a prefabricated formwork ensuring at the same time good thermal insulation of the concrete wall poured into this formwork, both inside and outside the building, as well as good resistance to the pressure exerted by the concrete against the formwork.
  • the invention also aims at a prefabricated formwork which is of a simple and inexpensive realization.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a prefabricated formwork which is adapted to an easier installation of a concrete reinforcement in the intermediate space between an interior panel and an exterior panel, as well as to an adjustment. easy to position the formwork, especially its verticality.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a prefabricated formwork of which certain elements are intended to constitute, at least in part, but, possibly, also in whole, the framework of the building.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an advantageous method of constructing exterior walls of concrete buildings, by using the prefabricated formwork according to the invention.
  • the subject of the invention is a device allowing a quick, easy, economical and effective implementation of the method according to the invention, by ensuring not only the adjustment of the positioning and the maintenance in position of the formwork, but also by simultaneously constituting the frame of a scaffolding mounted along the erected wall (s) and allowing the workforce to carry out the work in excellent conditions.
  • the formwork according to the invention intended for the production of exterior walls of buildings, comprises at least one pair of panels, one of which is an interior panel and the other of which is an exterior panel, which are intended to be held in parallel one facing the other, for example vertically, so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, by a structure for supporting and supporting the panels, each interior panel comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a covering made of a thermally insulating material and, on the interior side of the building, an interior covering plate, for example of plaster, the exterior panel also comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a covering thermally insulating material and, on the outside of the building, an exterior cladding plate.
  • this formwork is characterized in that the panels are applied against rigid vertical and hollow posts, these posts include carrying lights in which are hooked hooks integral with the panels, other lights being provided for receiving post positioning devices.
  • Such an embodiment thus ensures good thermal insulation of the concrete wall, as well as good resistance of the elements of the formwork to the thrust exerted by the concrete. It also allows easy installation of both the interior and exterior panels, as well as the easy introduction, between two neighboring panels, of a concrete iron frame put in place before the latter is poured.
  • each panel comprises at least one reinforcing stiffening element which comprises at least one hook for hanging the corresponding panel on two neighboring posts.
  • each post has at least two flat faces which are each parallel to at least one face, facing the intermediate space, of at least one panel removably attached to this post, each flat face of the post having the lights intended for hanging the hooks of the corresponding panels.
  • the hooking lights of the panel hooks are on each post, preferably grouped in pairs of lights distributed over the height of the post, in correspondence with the spacings of the stiffeners provided with hooks that comprise the corresponding panels, the two lights of each pair being located on either side of the median plane of the corresponding flat face of the post, so to receive the hooks of two adjacent panels.
  • each planar face of a post which is turned towards at least one corresponding external panel also has at least one lumen which is substantially centered on the median plane of this planar face for attachment to a pole positioning device.
  • each hollow post has, on its faces intended to be located in the intermediate space, concrete passage openings, so that each post is intended to be embedded in the concrete and to participate in the constitution of the framework of the building.
  • each stiffener of the panels is constituted by a reinforcement section of T or L section, one wing of which extends in the face of the thermally insulating coating which is not turned towards the intermediate space. , and the other wing of which extends in this thermally insulating covering, in the direction of the intermediate space, at least two of the stiffeners of each panel being provided, in the vicinity of each of their two ends, with a hook anchoring substantially perpendicular to the two wings of the stiffener, to which the hook is secured, and this hook has at least one part by which it is hooked to the corresponding post and which projects from the face of the insulating coating which is turned towards the intermediate space.
  • the different horizontal stiffeners of the same panel have variable spacings between them, these spacings gradually increasing from the base of the panels to their upper edge.
  • the exterior covering plate of these exterior panels is preferably made of a resin reinforced with a weft of fibers with high mechanical resistance, such as glass fibers, while the thermally insulating coverings of interior and exterior panels can be formed by blocks of uniform thickness of polystyrene.
  • the method is further characterized by the fact that after the placement of the posts on the layout of the wall to be raised, the verticality of the posts is adjusted, then the posts are immobilized in vertical position.
  • the method according to the invention is further characterized in that it consists in producing on the slab, before the installation of the posts, studs for centering the posts, then in engaging each post by its base on a corresponding centering stud.
  • the device for implementing this method is characterized in that it comprises, in addition to the prefabricated formwork presented above, and for each post, a device for positioning the corresponding post, this device for positioning comprising at least one post support strut, which removably attaches to the post and is equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the verticality of the post comprising at least one jack.
  • each forestay comprises at least one upright and at least one cross member, as well as an anchoring hook to the corresponding post
  • each forestay has a substantially rectangular structure, preferably braced, comprising two uprights and two crosspieces, the lower end of the upright furthest from the corresponding post being fitted with an adjustment cylinder as well as the end closest to the post of the lower crossmember, while the anchor hook is carried by the end closest to the post of the upper cross member, and the struts thus produced simultaneously constitute the framework of a scaffolding having work surfaces supported by the upper cross struts of the struts.
  • the prefabricated shuttering elements comprise pairs of panels each consisting of an interior panel 1 and an exterior panel 2, which are arranged in a vertical position, parallel to each other, facing each other and separated by an intermediate space 3, using metal posts 4, hollow and of square section, arranged in a vertical position on a base slab 5, and against which the interior panels 1 and exteriors 2 are removably attached.
  • Each interior panel 1 of parallelepiped shape consists of an interior plaster coating 6, of a parallelepiped block 7 of uniform thickness, for example 8 cm thick, of polystyrene constituting a thermal insulator, and of metal stiffeners and horizontal 8, extending from one side edge to the other of each panel 1 and embedded in the panel 1.
  • Each stiffener 8 is constituted by a length of T-shaped section, the upper wing 9 of the T extends vertically in the face of the polystyrene block 7 attached to the plaster-covered plate 6, and whose vertical wing 10 of the T extends horizontally in the polystyrene block 7 in the direction of the intermediate space 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • each stiffener 8 is provided with a hook anchor 11 consisting of a metal element of substantially rectangular shape, the width of which corresponds to the height of the wing 9 of the profile and the length of which is greater than the width of the wing 10 of the profile, and this metal element , which is perpendicular to the two wings 9 and 10 of the profile, is also integral with these two wings and extends from the wing 9 towards the intermediate space 3.
  • this metallic element vi ent protruding from the face of the block of expanded polystyrene 7 which is turned towards the intermediate space 3.
  • Each exterior panel 2, also of parallelepiped shape and having the same length and the same width as the interior panels 1, consists of an exterior coating 14, made of a synthetic resin reinforced with a weft of glass fibers, a parallelepiped block 15 of uniform thickness, for example 8 cm thick, of polystyrene, identical to block 7 of the interior panels 1, and also constituting a thermal insulator, and also of metallic and horizontal stiffeners 8, identical to those of interior panels 1 and which will therefore not be described again.
  • Each hollow post 4 is a lightened post having, in each of its two flat faces turned towards the adjacent intermediate spaces 3, wide openings 16, distributed over the height of the post 4, and in its two other faces, each post 4 has slots 17, for the passage of the ends 12 of the hooks 11. On each of the two faces of the post 4 in which the slots 17 are provided, the latter are grouped in pairs distributed over the height of the post 4 in correspondence with the height of the various stiffeners 8 of panels 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows the positions occupied by the vertical axes V of the four neighboring posts 4, as well as by the horizontal axes H of the five stiffeners 8 that each of the panels 1 and 2 comprises, for example.
  • the stiffeners 8 are embedded in the panels 1 and 2 with spacings which decrease from the upper edge of the panels towards their base.
  • the two slots 17 of each pair are located on either side of the vertical median plane of the corresponding face of the post 4, so that the hooks 11 of the neighboring ends of two stiffeners of the same level two interior 1 or exterior 2 panels adjacent can be hung each in one of the two lights 17 of the corresponding pair, so that the interior panels 1, on the one hand, and exterior, on the other hand, can be joined to the posts 4 substantially end to end, with small longitudinal clearances 18 and on either side of the posts 4.
  • the longitudinal clearances 18 are filled at the interior 6 and exterior coverings 14 by coated joints such as 19 in FIG. 2.
  • each of the struts 20 comprises an external upright 21 and an internal upright 22, parallel to each other and perpendicular to a lower cross member 23 and to an upper cross member 24 which connect the two uprights 21 and 22 to each other.
  • This rectangular structure is braced by a strut 25 extending along a diagonal between the connection point of the external upright 21 to the upper cross member 24 and the connection corner of the internal upright 22 to the lower cross member 23.
  • the external upright 20 is longer than the internal upright 22 and its two ends go beyond the connections to the crosspieces 23 and 24.
  • the external upright 21 is supported, by means of an adjustment cylinder 26, for example a mechanical screw jack, on a rigid and parallelepiped base 27 bearing on the ground for example.
  • an adjustment cylinder 26 for example a mechanical screw jack
  • the lower cross member 23 bears, by its internal end facing the corresponding post 4, against the lateral face of the base slab 5, by means of a second adjustment jack 28, which can also be a mechanical screw jack.
  • the internal end (facing the corresponding post 4) of the upper crosspiece 24 is shaped into an anchoring hook 29, similar to the hooks 11 of the stiffeners 8 of the panels 1 and 2, and which hooks not in the one of the slots 17, but in a vertical slot 30, centered substantially on the vertical median plane of the corresponding external planar surface of the post 4, and which is formed substantially in the middle of the height of the post 4, which corresponds to the standard height and standard of a storey, or in the upper half of this height.
  • the adjustment cylinders 26 or 28 we can adjust the inclination of the posts 4 to which the struts 20 are attached, relative to the slab 5, and in particular adjust the verticality of these posts 4, then maintain them so vertically.
  • the upper crosspieces 24, which are substantially horizontal can be covered with flat and rigid elements such as planks, in order to have a scaffolding, the framework of which is constituted by the details 20, and which found in a suitable position along the formwork thus produced.
  • the upper end 31 of the external uprights 21 of the struts 20 can be shaped as a nozzle in which or on which a railing or railing upright of the scaffolding can be fitted.
  • the pairs of holes 17 for hanging the external panels 2 and the lights 30 for hanging the stays 20 are formed in the two adjacent external faces of a corner post, such as 4 ', while they are formed in the single external face of the posts 4 which do not occupy the corners, the pairs of slots 17 intended for the attachment of the interior panels 1 then being formed in the flat, internal and opposite face of these posts 4.
  • the posts 4 ' are positioned perpendicular to the slab 5 in the two planes.
  • the posts 4 are then positioned in a plane perpendicular to the slab 5 thanks to the props 20, then the posts 4 are positioned in the second plane perpendicular to the slab 5, by hanging the panels 1 and 2 by their hook 11 1 on the side and other posts 4 and 4 '.
  • reinforcing elements 33 of concrete iron which are kept in the suitable position by any suitable means.
  • Other reinforcing elements 34 can be introduced into the posts 4 and 4 ′, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the props 20 can be removed from the posts 4 and 4 ′, which can constitute the framework of the building, and on which it is possible to mount, before the pouring of the concrete, the frame and the covering of the building, in order to benefit from a sheltered site.
  • the hooks 11 and the stiffenings 8 of the panels 1, 2 are coated with concrete, so that these panels 1 and 2 are made integral with posts 4 and 4 'and the concrete.
  • the polystyrene coverings provide excellent thermal insulation on the outside and inside of the wall.
  • expanded polystyrene coverings of panels 1 and 2 can be replaced by polyurethane foam, glass or the like.
  • the scaffolding 20 instead of being placed outside the wall to be constructed, can also be placed inside the wall, that is to say on the slab 5.

Abstract

The prefabricated formwork elements comprise pairs of internal (1) and external (2) panels which are hooked by end hooks of stiffeners for those panels (1, 2) into slots (17) provided in intermediary and hollow uprights (4, 4'). Those uprights (4, 4') are positioned and held in place by stays (20) provided with a hook (29) anchored into a slot (30) of the uprights and by adjusting jacks (26, 28). The panels (1, 2) comprise respectively an internal and an external coating plate (6, 14) as well as a heat insulating coating (7, 15). Application to the building of concrete walls.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de construction de murs extérieurs de bâtiments en béton, et un dispositif comprenant un coffrage préfabriqué pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé. L'invention se rapporte plus précisément à un coffrage préfabriqué destiné à la réalisation de murs extérieurs de bâtiments, à un procédé de construction d'au moins un mur extérieur de bâtiment en béton et utilisant un tel coffrage préfabriqué, ainsi qu'à un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et qui comprend, en plus du coffrage préfabriqué, et pour chacun de certains des éléments préfabriqués de ce coffrage, un dispositif de positionnement de l'élément correspondant.The present invention relates to a method of constructing exterior walls of concrete buildings, and to a device comprising a prefabricated formwork for implementing the method. The invention relates more precisely to a prefabricated formwork intended for the production of exterior walls of buildings, to a method of constructing at least one exterior wall of a concrete building and using such prefabricated formwork, as well as to a device for implementing the method and which comprises, in addition to the prefabricated formwork, and for each of some of the prefabricated elements of this formwork, a device for positioning the corresponding element.

Afin de construire des murs extérieurs de bâtiment en béton, il est déjà connu d'utiliser des éléments préfabriqués de coffrage qui comprennent au moins une paire de panneaux dont l'un est un panneau intérieur et l'autre un panneau extérieur, qui sont destinés à être maintenus parallèlement l'un en regard de l'autre, par exemple verticalement, de manière à délimiter entre eux un espace intermédiaire destiné à être rempli de béton, par une structure métallique tridimensionnelle de liaison et de support des panneaux, chaque panneau intérieur comportant, du côté de l'espace intermédiaire, un revêtement en un matériau thermiquement isolant et, du côté de l'intérieur du bâtiment, une plaque de revêtement intérieur, par exemple en plâtre.In order to construct exterior walls of a concrete building, it is already known to use prefabricated formwork elements which comprise at least one pair of panels, one of which is an interior panel and the other of which is an exterior panel, which are intended to be held parallel to each other, for example vertically, so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, by a three-dimensional metallic structure for connecting and supporting the panels, each interior panel comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a covering in a thermally insulating material and, on the side of the interior of the building, an interior covering plate, for example in plaster.

Dans ces éléments connus, le revêtement thermiquement isolant du panneau intérieur est constitué par une plaque d'épaisseur uniforme de mousse de polyuréthane, tandis que le panneau extérieur est constitué par une simple tôle ou plaque coffrante, récupérable ou perdue, la structure métallique tridimensionnelle de liaison du panneau intérieur au panneau extérieur étant constituée de tiges sensiblement parallèles et horizontales, accouplées par les bases de tiges en U dont les extrémités sont retenues dans le panneau intérieur, les tiges parallèles et les bases des tiges en U constituant un treillis contre lequel la tôle ou plaque coffrante extérieure est fixée.In these known elements, the thermally insulating coating of the interior panel consists of a plate of uniform thickness of polyurethane foam, while the exterior panel consists of a simple sheet or formwork plate, recoverable or lost, the three-dimensional metallic structure of connection of the inner panel to the outer panel consisting of substantially parallel and horizontal rods, coupled by the bases of U-shaped rods, the ends of which are retained in the internal panel, the parallel rods and the bases of the U-shaped rods constituting a trellis against which the sheet or external shuttering plate is fixed.

Ces éléments connus présentent différents inconvénients, qui tiennent notamment aux faits que ces éléments ne permettent pas de réaliser l'isolation thermique extérieure du mur, que la préfabrication de tels éléments est coûteuse et longue en raison de la réalisation de la structure tridimensionnelle de liaison, que la présence dans l'espace intermédiaire, des branches des tiges en U qui assurent l'écartement entre les panneaux intérieurs et extérieurs empêche la mise en place d'une armature d'une seule pièce, en fer à béton, par exemple en treillis, entre un panneau intérieur et le panneau extérieur correspondant, que rien n'est prévu pour faciliter le réglage de la position, et en particulier de la verticalité ou de l'inclinaison des éléments de coffrage, et enfin que ces éléments ne permettent pas de réaliser en une seule opération toute la hauteur du mur étant donné qu'ils présentent une résistance médiocre à l'égard de la pression du béton.These known elements have various drawbacks, which are due in particular to the fact that these elements do not allow external thermal insulation of the wall to be achieved, that the prefabrication of such elements is costly and time-consuming due to the production of the three-dimensional connecting structure, that the presence in the intermediate space of the branches of the U-shaped rods which ensure the spacing between the interior and exterior panels prevents the fitting of a single-piece frame, made of concrete iron, for example a trellis , between an interior panel and the corresponding exterior panel, that nothing is provided to facilitate the adjustment of the position, and in particular of the verticality or the inclination of the formwork elements, and finally that these elements do not allow complete the entire height of the wall in a single operation since they have poor resistance to concrete pressure.

Le document FR-A-2 411 929 décrit un coffrage comprenant un panneau extérieur comportant du côté de l'espace intermédiaire un revêtement en un matériau thermiquement isolant.Document FR-A-2 411 929 describes a formwork comprising an external panel comprising on the side of the intermediate space a coating of a thermally insulating material.

Le document EP-A-092 693 enseigne un coffrage comprenant une paire de panneaux qui sont destinés à être maintenus parallèlement l'un en regard de l'autre de manière à délimiter entre eux un espace intermédiaire destiné à être rempli de béton, chaque panneau intérieur et extérieur comportant du côté de l'espace intermédiaire un revêtement en un matériau thermiquement isolant.Document EP-A-092 693 teaches a formwork comprising a pair of panels which are intended to be held parallel to one another so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, each panel interior and exterior comprising on the side of the intermediate space a coating of a thermally insulating material.

Par la présente invention, on se propose de remédier aux inconvénients des coffrages connus et/ou d'en améliorer les caractéristiques et l'invention propose un coffrage préfabriqué assurant tout à la fois une bonne isolation thermique du mur de béton coulé dans ce coffrage, aussi bien vis-à-vis de l'intérieur que de l'extérieur du bâtiment, ainsi qu'une bonne résistance à la pression exercée par le béton contre le coffrage.By the present invention, it is proposed to remedy the drawbacks of known formwork and / or to improve its characteristics, and the invention proposes a prefabricated formwork ensuring at the same time good thermal insulation of the concrete wall poured into this formwork, both inside and outside the building, as well as good resistance to the pressure exerted by the concrete against the formwork.

L'invention a également pour but un coffrage préfabriqué qui est d'une réalisation simple et peu coûteuse.The invention also aims at a prefabricated formwork which is of a simple and inexpensive realization.

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un coffrage préfabriqué qui est adapté à une mise en place facilitée d'une armature de fer à béton dans l'espace intermédiaire entre un panneau intérieur et un panneau extérieur, ainsi qu'à un réglage aisé de la position du coffrage, notamment de sa verticalité.Another object of the invention is to produce a prefabricated formwork which is adapted to an easier installation of a concrete reinforcement in the intermediate space between an interior panel and an exterior panel, as well as to an adjustment. easy to position the formwork, especially its verticality.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un coffrage préfabriqué dont certains éléments sont destinés à constituer, au moins en partie, mais, éventuellement, également en totalité, l'ossature du bâtiment.Another object of the invention is to propose a prefabricated formwork of which certain elements are intended to constitute, at least in part, but, possibly, also in whole, the framework of the building.

Un autre but encore de l'invention est de proposer un procédé avantageux de construction de murs extérieurs de bâtiments en béton, par l'utilisation du coffrage préfabriqué selon l'invention.Yet another object of the invention is to provide an advantageous method of constructing exterior walls of concrete buildings, by using the prefabricated formwork according to the invention.

Enfin l'invention a pour objet un dispositif permettant une mise en oeuvre rapide, facile, économique et efficace du procédé selon l'invention, en assurant non seulement le réglage du positionnement et le maintien en position du coffrage, mais également en constituant simultanément l'ossature d'un échafaudage monté le long du ou des murs érigés et permettant au personnel de main d'oeuvre d'exécuter les travaux dans d'excellentes conditions.Finally, the subject of the invention is a device allowing a quick, easy, economical and effective implementation of the method according to the invention, by ensuring not only the adjustment of the positioning and the maintenance in position of the formwork, but also by simultaneously constituting the frame of a scaffolding mounted along the erected wall (s) and allowing the workforce to carry out the work in excellent conditions.

Ainsi, le coffrage suivant l'invention, destiné à la réalisation de murs extérieurs de bâtiments, comprend au moins une paire de panneaux, dont l'un est un panneau intérieur et l'autre un panneau extérieur, qui sont destinés à être maintenus parallèlement l'un en regard de l'autre, par exemple verticalement, de manière à délimiter entre eux un espace intermédiaire destiné à être rempli de béton, par une structure de liaison et de support des panneaux, chaque panneau intérieur comportant, du côté de l'espace intermédiaire, un revêtement en un matériau thermiquement isolant et, du côté de l'intérieur du bâtiment, une plaque de revêtement intérieur, par exemple en plâtre, le panneau extérieur comportant également, du côté de l'espace intermédiaire, un revêtement en un matériau thermiquement isolant et, du côté de l'extérieur du bâtiment, une plaque de revêtement extérieur.Thus, the formwork according to the invention, intended for the production of exterior walls of buildings, comprises at least one pair of panels, one of which is an interior panel and the other of which is an exterior panel, which are intended to be held in parallel one facing the other, for example vertically, so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, by a structure for supporting and supporting the panels, each interior panel comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a covering made of a thermally insulating material and, on the interior side of the building, an interior covering plate, for example of plaster, the exterior panel also comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a covering thermally insulating material and, on the outside of the building, an exterior cladding plate.

Suivant l'invention, ce coffrage est caractérisé en ce que les panneaux sont appliqués contre des poteaux rigides verticaux et creux, ces poteaux comportant des lumières dans lesquelles sont accrochés des crochets solidaires des panneaux, d'autres lumières étant prévues pour recevoir des dispositifs de positionnement des poteaux.According to the invention, this formwork is characterized in that the panels are applied against rigid vertical and hollow posts, these posts include carrying lights in which are hooked hooks integral with the panels, other lights being provided for receiving post positioning devices.

Une telle réalisation assure ainsi une bonne isolation thermique de mur de béton, ainsi qu'une bonne résistance des éléments du coffrage à la poussée exercée par le béton. Elle permet en outre une mise en place aisée tant des panneaux intérieurs que des panneaux extérieurs, ainsi que l'introduction aisée, entre deux panneaux voisins, d'une armature en fer à béton mise en place avant la coulée de ce dernier.Such an embodiment thus ensures good thermal insulation of the concrete wall, as well as good resistance of the elements of the formwork to the thrust exerted by the concrete. It also allows easy installation of both the interior and exterior panels, as well as the easy introduction, between two neighboring panels, of a concrete iron frame put in place before the latter is poured.

Avantageusement, afin de faciliter l'assemblage des panneaux, chaque panneau comprend au moins un élément raidisseur de renforcement qui comporte au moins un crochet d'accrochage du panneau correspondant sur deux poteaux voisins.Advantageously, in order to facilitate the assembly of the panels, each panel comprises at least one reinforcing stiffening element which comprises at least one hook for hanging the corresponding panel on two neighboring posts.

De préférence, chaque poteau présente au moins deux faces planes qui sont chacune parallèle à au moins une face, tournée vers l'espace intermédiaire, d'au moins un panneau fixé de manière amovible à ce poteau, chaque face plane du poteau présentant les lumières destinées à l'accrochage des crochets des panneaux correspondants.Preferably, each post has at least two flat faces which are each parallel to at least one face, facing the intermediate space, of at least one panel removably attached to this post, each flat face of the post having the lights intended for hanging the hooks of the corresponding panels.

Afin de permettre un bon positionnement bout-à- bout des panneaux intérieurs, d'une part, et des panneaux extérieurs, d'autres part, les lumières d'accrochage des crochets des panneaux sont sur chaque poteau, de préférence groupées par paires de lumières réparties sur la hauteur du poteau, en correspondance avec les écartements des raidisseurs munis de crochets que comportent les panneaux correspondants, les deux lumières de chaque paire étant situées de part et d'autre du plan médian de la face plane correspondante du poteau, afin de recevoir les crochets de deux panneaux adjacents.In order to allow good end-to-end positioning of the interior panels, on the one hand, and the exterior panels, on the other hand, the hooking lights of the panel hooks are on each post, preferably grouped in pairs of lights distributed over the height of the post, in correspondence with the spacings of the stiffeners provided with hooks that comprise the corresponding panels, the two lights of each pair being located on either side of the median plane of the corresponding flat face of the post, so to receive the hooks of two adjacent panels.

De plus, selon un mode préféré de réalisation, chaque face plane d'un poteaau qui est tournée vers au moins un panneau extérieur correspondant présente également au moins une lumière qui est sensiblement centrée sur le plan médian de cette face plane pour l'accrochage à un dispositif de positionnement du poteau.In addition, according to a preferred embodiment, each planar face of a post which is turned towards at least one corresponding external panel also has at least one lumen which is substantially centered on the median plane of this planar face for attachment to a pole positioning device.

De préférence également, chaque poteau creux présente, sur ses faces destinées à être situées dans l'espace intermédiaire, des ouvertures de passage du béton, de sorte que chaque poteau est destiné à être noyé dans le béton et à participer à la constitution de l'ossature du bâtiment. Ce mode de réalisation avantageux permet, dès que les poteuax correspondants aux différents murs extérieurs d'un bâtiment sont mis en place et maintenus à la verticale, de poser la charpente sur les extrémités supérieures des poteaux, puis de poser la couverture du bâtiment, afin de couvrir ainsi le chantier sur lequel le béton peut ensuite être coulé dans les espaces intermédiaires, en travaillant sous abri.Preferably also, each hollow post has, on its faces intended to be located in the intermediate space, concrete passage openings, so that each post is intended to be embedded in the concrete and to participate in the constitution of the framework of the building. This advantageous embodiment makes it possible, as soon as the posts corresponding to the various external walls of a building are put in place and kept vertical, to lay the frame on the upper ends of the posts, then to lay the covering of the building, in order to cover the site on which the concrete can then be poured into the intermediate spaces, while working under shelter.

Conformément à un exemple préférentiel de réalisation, chaque raidisseur des panneaux est constitué par un profilé de renfort de section en T ou en L dont une aile s'étend dans la face du revêtement thermiquement isolant qui n'est pas tournée vers l'espace intermédiaire, et dont l'autre aile s'étend dans ce revêtement thermiquement isolant, en direction de l'espace intermédiaire, deux au moins des raidisseurs de chaque panneau étant munis, au voisinage de chacune de leurs deux extrémités, d'un crochet d'ancrage sensiblement perpendiculaire aux deux ailes du raidisseur, auxquelles le crochet est solidarisé, et ce crochet présente au moins une partie par laquelle il est accroché au poteau correspondant et qui est en saillie par rapport à la face du revêtement isolant qui est tournée vers l'espace intermédiaire.In accordance with a preferred exemplary embodiment, each stiffener of the panels is constituted by a reinforcement section of T or L section, one wing of which extends in the face of the thermally insulating coating which is not turned towards the intermediate space. , and the other wing of which extends in this thermally insulating covering, in the direction of the intermediate space, at least two of the stiffeners of each panel being provided, in the vicinity of each of their two ends, with a hook anchoring substantially perpendicular to the two wings of the stiffener, to which the hook is secured, and this hook has at least one part by which it is hooked to the corresponding post and which projects from the face of the insulating coating which is turned towards the intermediate space.

Afin de tenir compte de la répartition de la pression exercée par le béton sur les panneaux de coffrage, les différents raidisseurs horizontaux d'un même panneau présentent des espacements variables entre eux, ces espacements augmentant progressivement de la base des panneaux à leur bord supérieur.In order to take account of the distribution of the pressure exerted by the concrete on the formwork panels, the different horizontal stiffeners of the same panel have variable spacings between them, these spacings gradually increasing from the base of the panels to their upper edge.

Dans le but d'assurer une bonne protection, notamment des panneaux extérieurs, vis-à-vis de leur environnement, la plaque de revêtement extérieur de ces panneaux extérieurs est de préférence constituée d'une résine armée d'une trame de fibres à haute résistance mécanique, telles que des fibres de verre, tandis que les revêtements thermiquement isolantdes panneaux intérieurs et extérieurs peuvent être constitués par des blocs d'épaisseur uniforme de polystyrène.In order to ensure good protection, especially of the exterior panels, vis-à-vis their environment, the exterior covering plate of these exterior panels is preferably made of a resin reinforced with a weft of fibers with high mechanical resistance, such as glass fibers, while the thermally insulating coverings of interior and exterior panels can be formed by blocks of uniform thickness of polystyrene.

Le procédé selon l'invention de construction d'au moins un mur extérieur de bâtiment en béton, utilisant un coffrage préfabriqué propre à l'invention et tel que présenté ci-dessus, se caractérise en ce qu'il consiste:

  • - à placer des poteaux et à les maintenir en position convenable sur le tracé du ou des murs à élever,
  • - à placer les panneaux intérieurs et extérieurs de part et d'autre des poteaux et à les fixer, de manière amovible, sur ces derniers,
  • - à réaliser des raccords entre des panneaux extérieurs ou intérieurs adjacents deux à deux, notamment au niveau des poteaux, par des joints enduits,
  • - à disposer, éventuellement, une armature en fers à béton dans les espaces intermédiaires entre les panneaux extérieurs et intérieurs,
  • - à couler du béton dans les espaces intermédiaires.
The method according to the invention for constructing at least one exterior wall of a concrete building, using a prefabricated formwork specific to the invention and as presented above, is characterized in that it consists:
  • - placing posts and keeping them in a suitable position on the route of the wall or walls to be raised,
  • - to place the interior and exterior panels on either side of the posts and to fix them, in a removable manner, on the latter,
  • - to make connections between adjacent exterior or interior panels in pairs, in particular at the posts, by coated joints,
  • - to have, if necessary, a reinforcement in concrete bars in the intermediate spaces between the exterior and interior panels,
  • - pouring concrete in the intermediate spaces.

De plus, lorsqu'il s'agit de construire un mur vertical, le procédé se caractérise en outre, par le fait qu'après le placement des poteaux sur le tracé du mur à élever, la verticalité des poteaux est reglée, puis les poteaux sont immobilisés en position verticale.In addition, when it comes to building a vertical wall, the method is further characterized by the fact that after the placement of the posts on the layout of the wall to be raised, the verticality of the posts is adjusted, then the posts are immobilized in vertical position.

Lorsque le mur doit être construit sur une dalle, le procédé selon l'invention se caractérise de plus en ce qu'il consiste à réaliser sur la dalle, avant la mise en place des poteaux, des plots de centrage des poteaux, puis à engager chaque poteau par sa base sur un plot de centrage correspondant.When the wall has to be built on a slab, the method according to the invention is further characterized in that it consists in producing on the slab, before the installation of the posts, studs for centering the posts, then in engaging each post by its base on a corresponding centering stud.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend, en plus du coffrage préfabriqué présenté ci-dessus, et pour chaque poteau, un dispositif de positionnement du poteau correspondant, ce dispositif de positionnement comprenant au moins un étai de soutien du poteau, qui se fixe de manière amovible au poteau et est équipé d'un mécanisme de réglage de la verticalité du poteau comportant au moins un vérin.According to the invention, the device for implementing this method is characterized in that it comprises, in addition to the prefabricated formwork presented above, and for each post, a device for positioning the corresponding post, this device for positioning comprising at least one post support strut, which removably attaches to the post and is equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the verticality of the post comprising at least one jack.

De préférence, chaque étai comporte au moins un montant et au moins une traverse, ainsi qu'un crochet d'ancrage au poteau correspondant, et selon un exemple préféré de réalisation, chaque étai présente une structure sensiblement rectangulaire, de préférence entretoisée, comprenant deux montants et deux traverses, l'extrémité inférieure du montant le plus éloigné du poteau correspondant étant équipée d'un vérin de réglage ainsi que l'extrémité la plus proche du poteau de la traverse inférieure, tandis que le crochet d'ancrage est porté par l'extrémité la plus proche du poteau de la traverse supérieure, et les étais ainsi réalisés constituent simultanément l'ossature d'un échafaudage présentant des plans de travail supportés par les traverses supérieures des étais.Preferably, each forestay comprises at least one upright and at least one cross member, as well as an anchoring hook to the corresponding post, and according to a preferred embodiment, each forestay has a substantially rectangular structure, preferably braced, comprising two uprights and two crosspieces, the lower end of the upright furthest from the corresponding post being fitted with an adjustment cylinder as well as the end closest to the post of the lower crossmember, while the anchor hook is carried by the end closest to the post of the upper cross member, and the struts thus produced simultaneously constitute the framework of a scaffolding having work surfaces supported by the upper cross struts of the struts.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un exemple de réalisation et en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective, avec arrachements partiels, d'un dispositif selon l'invention, comportant des éléments de coffrage préfabriqués, et mis en place pour la construction d'un mur vertical externe d'un bâtiment,
  • la figure 2 représente schématiquement une coupe longitudinale partielle de la figure 1, au niveau de l'accrochage de raidisseurs de panneaux sur un poteau,
  • la figure 3 représente une vue schématique en coupe verticale et de côté des éléments représentés sur la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 représente de façon schématique, partiellement en coupe et partiellement selon une élévation latérale, un dispositif de réglage de la position d'un poteau, du type représenté sur la figure 1,
  • la figure 5 représente schématiquement les positions de poteaux voisins et les écartements des raidisseurs des panneaux, et
  • la figure 6 est une représentation schématique d'une coupe longitudinale d'un mur après la couplée et pendant la prise du béton.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with partial cutaway, of a device according to the invention, comprising prefabricated formwork elements, and put in place for the construction of an external vertical wall of a building,
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a partial longitudinal section of FIG. 1, at the level of the attachment of panel stiffeners to a post,
  • FIG. 3 represents a schematic view in vertical section and from the side of the elements represented in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents, partially in section and partially according to a lateral elevation, a device for adjusting the position of a post, of the type represented in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents the positions of neighboring posts and the spacings of the stiffeners of the panels, and
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a wall after the coupling and during the setting of the concrete.

En référence aux figures 1 à 6, les éléments préfabriqués de coffrage comprennent des paires de panneaux constituées chacune d'un panneau intérieur 1 et d'un panneau extérieur 2, qui sont disposés en position verticale, parallèlement l'un à l'autre, en regard l'un de l'autre et séparés par un espace intermédiaire 3, à l'aide de poteaux 4 métalliques, creux et de section carrée, disposés en position verticale sur une dalle de base 5, et contre lesquels les panneaux intérieurs 1 et extérieurs 2 sont fixés de manière amovible.With reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, the prefabricated shuttering elements comprise pairs of panels each consisting of an interior panel 1 and an exterior panel 2, which are arranged in a vertical position, parallel to each other, facing each other and separated by an intermediate space 3, using metal posts 4, hollow and of square section, arranged in a vertical position on a base slab 5, and against which the interior panels 1 and exteriors 2 are removably attached.

Chaque panneau intérieur 1 de forme parallélépipédique, est constitué d'un revêtement intérieur en plâtre 6, d'un bloc parallélipédique 7 d'épaisseur uniforme, par exemple de 8 cm d'épaisseur, de polystyrène constituant un isolant thermique, et de raidisseurs métalliques et horizontaux 8, s'étendant d'un bord latéral à l'autre de chaque panneau 1 et noyés dans le panneau 1.Each interior panel 1 of parallelepiped shape, consists of an interior plaster coating 6, of a parallelepiped block 7 of uniform thickness, for example 8 cm thick, of polystyrene constituting a thermal insulator, and of metal stiffeners and horizontal 8, extending from one side edge to the other of each panel 1 and embedded in the panel 1.

Chaque raidisseur 8 est constitué par une longueur de profilé en T, dont l'aile supérieure 9 du T s'étend verticalement dans la face du bloc de polystyrène 7 accolée à la plaque recouverte de plâtre 6, et dont l'aile verticale 10 du T s'étend horizontalement dans le bloc de polystyrène 7 en direction de l'espace intermédiaire 3, comme cela est représenté sur les figures 2 et 3. A proximité de chacune de ses deux extrémités longitudinales, chaque raidisseur 8 est muni d'un crochet d'ancrage 11 constitué d'un élément métallique de forme sensiblement rectangulaire, dont la largeur correspond à la hauteur de l'aile 9 du profilé et dont la longueur est supérieure à la largeur de l'aile 10 du profilé, et cet élément métallique, qui est perpendiculaire aux deux ailes 9 et 10 du profilé, est également solidaire de ces deux ailes et s'étend à partir de l'aile 9 vers l'espace intermédiaire 3. Par son extrémité 12, qui est chanfreinée et biseautée, et opposée à l'aile 9, cet élément métallique vient saillie par rapport à la face du bloc de polystyrène expansé 7 qui est tournée vers l'espace intermédiaire 3. Une encouche 13, ménagée dans l'extrémité 12 et qui s'ouvre dans le bord inférieur de celle-ci, donne à l'élément 11 la forme du crochet, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 3.Each stiffener 8 is constituted by a length of T-shaped section, the upper wing 9 of the T extends vertically in the face of the polystyrene block 7 attached to the plaster-covered plate 6, and whose vertical wing 10 of the T extends horizontally in the polystyrene block 7 in the direction of the intermediate space 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Near each of its two longitudinal ends, each stiffener 8 is provided with a hook anchor 11 consisting of a metal element of substantially rectangular shape, the width of which corresponds to the height of the wing 9 of the profile and the length of which is greater than the width of the wing 10 of the profile, and this metal element , which is perpendicular to the two wings 9 and 10 of the profile, is also integral with these two wings and extends from the wing 9 towards the intermediate space 3. By its end 12, which is chamfered and bevelled, and opposite the wing 9, this metallic element vi ent protruding from the face of the block of expanded polystyrene 7 which is turned towards the intermediate space 3. A layer 13, formed in the end 12 and which opens in the lower edge thereof, gives the element 11 the shape of the hook, as shown in FIG. 3.

Chaque panneau extérieur 2, également de forme parallélépipédique et ayant la même longueur et la même largeur que les panneaux intérieurs 1, est constitué d'un revêtement extérieur 14, réalisé en une résine synthétique armée d'une trame de fibres de verre, d'un bloc parallélépipédique 15 d'épaisseur uniforme, par exemple de 8 cm d'épaisseur, de polystyrène, identique au bloc 7 des panneaux intérieurs 1, et constituant également un isolant thermique, et également de raidisseurs métalliques et horizontaux 8, identiques à ceux des panneaux intérieurs 1 et qui ne seront donc pas à nouveau décrits.Each exterior panel 2, also of parallelepiped shape and having the same length and the same width as the interior panels 1, consists of an exterior coating 14, made of a synthetic resin reinforced with a weft of glass fibers, a parallelepiped block 15 of uniform thickness, for example 8 cm thick, of polystyrene, identical to block 7 of the interior panels 1, and also constituting a thermal insulator, and also of metallic and horizontal stiffeners 8, identical to those of interior panels 1 and which will therefore not be described again.

Chaque poteau creux 4 est un poteau allégé présentant, dans chacune de ses deux faces planes tournées vers les espaces intermédiaires 3 adjacents, de larges ouvertures 16, réarties sur la hauteur du poteau 4, et dans ses deux autres faces, chaque poteau 4 présente des lumières 17, pour le passage des extrémités 12 des crochets 11. Sur chacune des deux faces du poteau 4 dans lesquelles sont ménagées des lumières 17, ces dernières sont groupées par paires réparties sur la hauteur du poteau 4 en correspondance avec la hauteur des différents raidisseurs 8 des panneaux 1 et 2.Each hollow post 4 is a lightened post having, in each of its two flat faces turned towards the adjacent intermediate spaces 3, wide openings 16, distributed over the height of the post 4, and in its two other faces, each post 4 has slots 17, for the passage of the ends 12 of the hooks 11. On each of the two faces of the post 4 in which the slots 17 are provided, the latter are grouped in pairs distributed over the height of the post 4 in correspondence with the height of the various stiffeners 8 of panels 1 and 2.

Sur la figure 5, on a représenté les positions occupées par les axes verticaux V des quatre poteaux 4 voisins, ainsi que par les axes horizontaux H des cinq raidisseurs 8 que comporte par exemple chacun des panneaux 1 et 2. Pour supporter la pression qui sera exercée sur les panneaux 1 et 2 par le béton coulé dans les espaces intermédiaires 3, laquelle pression est d'autant plus importante que l'on se rapproche de la base des panneaux 1 et 2, les raidisseurs 8 sont noyés dans les panneaux 1 et 2 avec des écartements qui diminuent du bord supérieur des panneaux vers leur base.FIG. 5 shows the positions occupied by the vertical axes V of the four neighboring posts 4, as well as by the horizontal axes H of the five stiffeners 8 that each of the panels 1 and 2 comprises, for example. To withstand the pressure which will be exerted on the panels 1 and 2 by the concrete poured into the intermediate spaces 3, which pressure is all the greater the closer one gets to the base of the panels 1 and 2, the stiffeners 8 are embedded in the panels 1 and 2 with spacings which decrease from the upper edge of the panels towards their base.

Comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, les deux lumières 17 de chaque paire sont situées de part et d'autre du plan médian vertical de la face correspondante du poteau 4, afin que les crochets 11 des extrémités voisines de deux raidisseurs de même niveau de deux panneaux intérieurs 1 ou extérieurs 2 adjacents puissent être accrochés chacun dans l'une des deux lumières 17 de la paire correspondante, afin que les panneaux intérieurs 1, d'une part, et extérieurs, d'autre part, puissent être accolés aux poteaux 4 sensiblement bout à bout, avec de faibles jeux longitudinaux 18 et de part et d'autre des poteaux 4. Les jeux longitudinaux 18 sont comblés au niveau des revêtements intérieurs 6 et extérieurs 14 par des joints enduits tels que 19 sur la figure 2.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the two slots 17 of each pair are located on either side of the vertical median plane of the corresponding face of the post 4, so that the hooks 11 of the neighboring ends of two stiffeners of the same level two interior 1 or exterior 2 panels adjacent can be hung each in one of the two lights 17 of the corresponding pair, so that the interior panels 1, on the one hand, and exterior, on the other hand, can be joined to the posts 4 substantially end to end, with small longitudinal clearances 18 and on either side of the posts 4. The longitudinal clearances 18 are filled at the interior 6 and exterior coverings 14 by coated joints such as 19 in FIG. 2.

Le réglage du positionnement des poteaux 4 à la verticale, et le maintien des poteaux 4 dans cette position sont assurés par des étais 20 identiques. Comme représentés sur les figures 1 et 4, chacun des étais 20 comprend un montant externe 21 et un montant interne 22, parallèles l'un à l'autre et perpendiculaires à une traverse inférieure 23 et à une traverse supérieure 24 qui relient les deux montants 21 et 22 l'un à l'autre. Cette structure rectangulaire est entretoisée par une contre-fiche 25 s'étendant selon une diagonale entre le point de raccordement du montant externe 21 à la traverse supérieure 24 et le coin de raccordement du montant interne 22 à la traverse inférieure 23. Le montant externe 20 est plus long que le montant interne 22 et ses deux extrémités vont au delà des raccordements aux traverses 23 et 24. Pas son extrémité inférieure, le montant externe 21 prend appui, par l'intermédiaire d'un vérin de réglage 26, par exemple un vérin mécanique à vis, sur une embase 27 parallélépipédique et rigide d'appui sur le sol par exemple. D'une manière similaire, la traverse inférieure 23 prend appui, par son extrémité interne tournée vers le poteau 4 correspondant, contre la face latérale de la dalle de base 5, par l'intermédiaire d'un second vérin de réglage 28, qui peut également être un vérin mécanique à vis. L'extrémité interne (tournée vers le poteau 4 correspondant) de la traverse supérieure 24 est conformée en un crochet d'ancrage 29, analogue aux crochets 11 des raidisseurs 8 des panneaux 1 et 2, et qui s'accroche non pas dans l'une des lumières 17, mais dans une lumière 30 verticale, centrée sensiblement sur le plan médian vertical de la surface plane externe correspondante du poteau 4, et qui est ménagée sensiblement au milieu de la hauteur du poteau 4, qui correspond à la hauteur standard et normalisée d'un étage, ou dans la moitié supérieure de cette hauteur.The adjustment of the positioning of the posts 4 vertically, and the maintenance of the posts 4 in this position are ensured by identical stays 20. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, each of the struts 20 comprises an external upright 21 and an internal upright 22, parallel to each other and perpendicular to a lower cross member 23 and to an upper cross member 24 which connect the two uprights 21 and 22 to each other. This rectangular structure is braced by a strut 25 extending along a diagonal between the connection point of the external upright 21 to the upper cross member 24 and the connection corner of the internal upright 22 to the lower cross member 23. The external upright 20 is longer than the internal upright 22 and its two ends go beyond the connections to the crosspieces 23 and 24. Not its lower end, the external upright 21 is supported, by means of an adjustment cylinder 26, for example a mechanical screw jack, on a rigid and parallelepiped base 27 bearing on the ground for example. Similarly, the lower cross member 23 bears, by its internal end facing the corresponding post 4, against the lateral face of the base slab 5, by means of a second adjustment jack 28, which can also be a mechanical screw jack. The internal end (facing the corresponding post 4) of the upper crosspiece 24 is shaped into an anchoring hook 29, similar to the hooks 11 of the stiffeners 8 of the panels 1 and 2, and which hooks not in the one of the slots 17, but in a vertical slot 30, centered substantially on the vertical median plane of the corresponding external planar surface of the post 4, and which is formed substantially in the middle of the height of the post 4, which corresponds to the standard height and standard of a storey, or in the upper half of this height.

On comprend que par la manoeuvre des vérins de réglage 26 ou 28 on puisse régler l'inclinaison des poteaux 4 auxquels les étais 20 sont accrochés, par rapport à la dalle 5, et en particulier régler la verticalité de ces poteaux 4, puis les maintenir ainsi à la verticale. Dans cette position, les traverses supérieures 24, qui sont sensiblement horizontales, peuvent être recouvertes d'éléments plans et rigides tels que des planches, afin de disposer d'un échafaudage, dont l'ossature est constituée par les étails 20, et qui se trouve en position convenable le long du coffrage ainsi réalisé. De plus, l'extrémité supérieure 31 des montants externes 21 des étais 20 peut être conformée en embout dans lequel ou sur lequel peut s'emmancher un montant de balustrade ou de garde- fou de l'échafaudage.It is understood that by the operation of the adjustment cylinders 26 or 28 we can adjust the inclination of the posts 4 to which the struts 20 are attached, relative to the slab 5, and in particular adjust the verticality of these posts 4, then maintain them so vertically. In this position, the upper crosspieces 24, which are substantially horizontal, can be covered with flat and rigid elements such as planks, in order to have a scaffolding, the framework of which is constituted by the details 20, and which found in a suitable position along the formwork thus produced. In addition, the upper end 31 of the external uprights 21 of the struts 20 can be shaped as a nozzle in which or on which a railing or railing upright of the scaffolding can be fitted.

Comme on peut le constater sur la figure 1 les paires de lumières 17 d'accrochage des panneaux extérieurs 2 et les lumières 30 d'accrochage des étais 20 sont ménagées dans les deux faces externes adjacentes d'un poteau d'angle, tel que 4', tandis qu'elles sont ménagées dans l'unique face externe des poteaux 4 qui n'occupent par les angles, les paires de lumières 17 destinées à l'accrochage des panneaux intérieurs 1 étant alors ménagées dans la face plane, interne et opposée de ces poteaux 4.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the pairs of holes 17 for hanging the external panels 2 and the lights 30 for hanging the stays 20 are formed in the two adjacent external faces of a corner post, such as 4 ', while they are formed in the single external face of the posts 4 which do not occupy the corners, the pairs of slots 17 intended for the attachment of the interior panels 1 then being formed in the flat, internal and opposite face of these posts 4.

Afin de constituer un mur vertical, on commence par fixer sur la dalle 5, dans des positions destinées à être occupées par des poteaux 4 et 4' sur le tracé du mur, des plots de centrage parallélépipédiques tels que 32 sur les figures 3 et 4. On positionne tout d'abord les poteaux 4' perpendiculairement à la dalle 5 dans les deux plans. On positionne ensuite les poteaux 4 dans un plan perpendiculaire à la dalle 5 grâce aux étais 20, puis on positionne les poteaux 4 dans le second plan perpendiculaire à la dalle 5, en accrochant les panneaux 1 et 2 par leur crochet 11 1 de part et d'autre des poteaux 4 et 4'. On introduit, ensuite ou avant l'accrochage de l'un des panneaux 1 et 2, dans les espaces intermédiaires 3, des éléments d'armature 33 en fer à béton que l'on maintient en position convenable par tout moyen approprié. D'autres éléments d'armature 34 peuvent être introduits dans les poteaux 4 et 4' , comme cela est représenté sur la figure 6.In order to constitute a vertical wall, one begins by fixing on the slab 5, in positions intended to be occupied by posts 4 and 4 ′ on the layout of the wall, parallelepipedal centering pads such as 32 in FIGS. 3 and 4 First of all, the posts 4 'are positioned perpendicular to the slab 5 in the two planes. The posts 4 are then positioned in a plane perpendicular to the slab 5 thanks to the props 20, then the posts 4 are positioned in the second plane perpendicular to the slab 5, by hanging the panels 1 and 2 by their hook 11 1 on the side and other posts 4 and 4 '. Is introduced, then or before the attachment of one of the panels 1 and 2, in the intermediate spaces 3, reinforcing elements 33 of concrete iron which are kept in the suitable position by any suitable means. Other reinforcing elements 34 can be introduced into the posts 4 and 4 ′, as shown in FIG. 6.

On obtient ainsi un montage et un calage en position des panneaux intérieurs 1 et extérieurs 2, tel que représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1, avec les crochets 29 des étais 20 qui passent dans les jeux 18 entre les bords latéraux adjacents des panneaux extérieurs 2. Après avoir bouché les jeux 18 avec des joints enduits 19 on peut couler du béton dans les espaces intermédiaires 3. Par les ouvertures latérales 16 des poteaux creux et 4' , le béton pénètre à l'intérieur de ces derniers, de sorte que les poteaux sont noyés dans le béton. Le mur et le coffrage se présentent alors comme cela est représenté en coupe sur la figure 6.There is thus obtained mounting and wedging in position of the interior 1 and exterior 2 panels, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, with the hooks 29 of the stays 20 which pass in the clearances 18 between the adjacent lateral edges of the exterior panels 2. After plugging the sets 18 with coated joints 19, concrete can be poured into the intermediate spaces 3. Through the lateral openings 16 of the hollow posts and 4 ', the concrete penetrates inside the latter, so that the posts are drowned in concrete. The wall and the formwork then appear as shown in section in Figure 6.

Après la prise du béton, les étais 20 peuvent être décrochés des poteaux 4 et 4' , qui peuvent constituer l'ossature du bâtiment, et sur lesquels il est possible de monter, préalablement à la coulée du béton, la charpente et la couverture du bâtiment, afin de bénéficier d'un chantier abrité. Lorsque le béton est durci, les crochets 11 et les raidissures 8 des panneaux 1, 2 sont enrobés de béton, de sorte que ces panneaux 1 et 2 sont rendus solidaires de manière indissociable des poteaux 4 et 4' et du béton. De plus, les revêtements en polystyrène apportent une excellente isolation thermique à l'extérieur et à l'intérieur du mur.After the setting of the concrete, the props 20 can be removed from the posts 4 and 4 ′, which can constitute the framework of the building, and on which it is possible to mount, before the pouring of the concrete, the frame and the covering of the building, in order to benefit from a sheltered site. When the concrete is hardened, the hooks 11 and the stiffenings 8 of the panels 1, 2 are coated with concrete, so that these panels 1 and 2 are made integral with posts 4 and 4 'and the concrete. In addition, the polystyrene coverings provide excellent thermal insulation on the outside and inside of the wall.

Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent être apportées par l'homme du métier, au dispositif qui vient d'être décrit uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, to the device which has just been described solely by way of non-limiting example, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi les revêtements en polystyrène expansé des panneaux 1 et 2 peuvent être remplacés par de la mousse de polyuréthane, de verre ou analogue.Thus the expanded polystyrene coverings of panels 1 and 2 can be replaced by polyurethane foam, glass or the like.

Par ailleurs, les échafaudages 20, au lieu d'être placés à l'extérieur du mur à construire, peuvent également être disposés à l'intérieur de celui-ci, c'est-à-dire sur la dalle 5.Furthermore, the scaffolding 20, instead of being placed outside the wall to be constructed, can also be placed inside the wall, that is to say on the slab 5.

Claims (16)

1. Shuttering intended for the construction of external walls of buildings, comprising at least one pair of panels, one of which (1) is an inner panel and the other (2) is an outer panel, which are intended to be maintained parallel opposite to each other, for example vertically, in such a manner as to delimit between them an intermediate space (3) which is intended to be filled with concrete, by means of a structure for connecting and supporting the panels (1,2), each inner panel (1) being provided with a lining (7) of heat-insulating material on the same side as the intermediate space (3) and with an inner lining plate (6) of plaster, for example, on the inside of the building, the outer panel (2) being also provided with a lining of heat-insulating material (15) on the same side as the intermediate space (3) and with an external covering plate (14) on the outisde of the building , characterized in that the panels (1, 2) are applied against rigid vertical and hollow posts (4, 4' ), these posts being provided with slots (17) in which are fastened hooks (11) rigidly fixed to the panels (1, 2), other slots (30) being provided for receiving devices (20) for positioning the posts (4, 4').
2. Shuttering in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that each panel (1, 2) has at least one strenghthening and stiffening member (8) which is provided with at least one hook (11) for attaching the corresponding panel (1, 2) to two adjacent posts (4,4').
3. Shuttering in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each post (4, 4' ) has at least two flat faces which are each parallel to at least one face directed towards the intermediate space (3) of at least one panel (1, 2) removably fixed to this post (4, 4' ), each flat face of the post (4, 4') being provided with slots (17) for attaching the hooks (11) of the corresponding panels (1, 2).
4. Shuttering in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that, on each post (4, 4'), the slots (17) for attaching the hooks (11) of the panel (1, 2) are grouped in pairs of slots (17) located in vertically spaced relation along the post (4, 4') so as to correspond to the spacing intervals between the stiffening members (8) provided with hooks (11) formed on the corresponding panels (1, 2) and that the two slots (17) of each pair are located on each of the median plane of the corresponding flat face of the post (4, 4') in order to receive the hooks (11) of two adjacent panels (1, 2).
5. Shuttering in accordance with claim 3 or 4, characterized in that each flat face of a post (4, 4') which is directed towards at least one corresponding outer panel (2) is provided with at least one slot (30) which is substantially centred on the median plane of this flat face for attachment to the device (20) for positioning the post (4, 4' ).
6. Shuttering in accordance with one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that each hollow post (4, 4') is provided on the faces thereof which are intended to be located within the intermediate space (3) with openings (16) for passage of the concrete, with the result that each hollow post (4, 4' ) can be embedded in concrete and take part in the formation of the framework of the building.
7. Shuttering in accordance with one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that each stiffening member (8) is constituted by a strengthening T-section or L-section member, one flange of which extends into that face of the heat-insulating lining (7, 15) which is not directed towards the intermediate space (3) and the other flange (10) of which extends into this heat-insulating lining (7, 15) in the direction of the intermediate space (3), at least two of the stiffening members (8) of each panel (1, 2) being provided in the vicinity of each of the two extremities thereof with an anchoring hook (11) substantially perpendic- ularto the two flanges (9, 10) of the stiffening member (8) to which the hook (11) is rigidly fixed, and this hook (11) being provided with at least one portion (12) by which it is attached to the corresponding post (4, 4') and which is in a projecting position with respect to that face of the heat-insulating lining (7, 15) which is directed towards the intermediate space (3).
8. Shuttering in accordance with one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the diffrent horizontal stiffening members (8) of one and the same panel (1, 2) are paced at variable intervals with respect to each other.
9. Shuttering in accordance with one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the external covering plate (14) of the outer panels (2) is formed of a resin reinforced with a web of fibres having high mechanical strength such as glass fibres.
10. Shuttering in accordance with one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the heat-insulating linings (7, 1 5) are constituted by blocks of expanded polystyrene.
11. Method of construction of at least one external building wall of concrete which makes use of shuttering in accordance with one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it consists:
- in placing posts (4, 4') and in maintaining them in a suitable position on the location line of the wall or walls to be erected,
- in placing the inner panels (1) and outer panels (2) on each side of the posts (4, 4') and in removably fixing them on these latter,
- in forming connections (19) between outer panels (2) or inner panels (1) which are adjacent in pairs, especially at the level of the posts (4, 4' ) by means of coated joints,
- if necessary in placing a concrete-type iron reinforcement (33) within the intermediate spaces (3) between the outer panels (2) and inner panels (1) and,
- in pouring concrete within the intermediate spaces (3).
12. Method in accordance with claim 11 which is intended for the construction of at least one vertical wall, characterized in that it consists, after placing the posts (4, 4') on the location line of the wall to be erected, in adjusting the verticality of the posts (4, 4' ), then in stationarily fixing them in the vertical position.
13. Method in accordance with one of claims 11 and 12 which is intended for the construction of at least one wall on a slab (5), characterized in that it further consists in forming centring ribs (32) on the slab (5) forthe posts (4, 4') prior to positioning of the posts (4, 4'), then in engaging the base of each post (4, 4') on a corresponding centring rib (32).
14. Device for the practical application of the method in accordance with one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that it comprises in addition to the prefabricated shuttering in accordance with claims 1 to 10, and in respect of each post (4, 4' ), device (20) for positioning the corresponding post, said positioning device being provided with at least one shore for supporting the post (4, 4' ), which is removably attached to the post (4, 4' ) and is equipped with a mechanism (26, 28) for adjusting the angle of slope of the post (4, 4' ) comprising at least one jack.
1 5. Device in accordance with claim 14, characterized in that each shore (20) has at least one upright member (21, 22) and at least one cross-member (23, 24) as well as a hook (29) for anchoring to the corresponding post (4, 4').
16. Device in accordance with claim 15, characterized in that each shore (20) has a substantially rectangular structure, preferably with a diagonal brace (25), made up of two upright members (21, 22) and two cross-members (23, 24), the lower end of the upright member (21) which is located farthest away from the corresponding post (4, 4') being equipped with an adjusting jack (26) as is the case with that end of the lower cross-member (23) which is located nearest the post (4, 4') whilst the anchoring hook (29) is carried by that end of the upper cross-member (24) which is located nearest the post (4,4') and that the shores (20) constitute at the same time the framework of a scaffold.
EP84902593A 1983-07-08 1984-07-06 Prefabricated formwork elements intended to the building of walls, method and device related thereto Expired EP0147456B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84902593T ATE27632T1 (en) 1983-07-08 1984-07-06 PREFABRICATED FORMWORK ELEMENTS INTENDED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS, METHOD AND DEVICE THEREFOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311398A FR2548716B1 (en) 1983-07-08 1983-07-08 PREFABRICATED FORMWORK ELEMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WALLS, METHOD AND DEVICE RELATING THERETO
FR8311398 1983-07-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0147456A1 EP0147456A1 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0147456B1 true EP0147456B1 (en) 1987-06-03

Family

ID=9290647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84902593A Expired EP0147456B1 (en) 1983-07-08 1984-07-06 Prefabricated formwork elements intended to the building of walls, method and device related thereto

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0147456B1 (en)
AU (1) AU3104484A (en)
BR (1) BR8406972A (en)
DE (1) DE3464078D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2548716B1 (en)
IT (1) IT1177880B (en)
OA (1) OA07962A (en)
WO (1) WO1985000396A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2647839B1 (en) * 1989-05-31 1991-09-20 Durand Philippe PREFABRICATED FORMWORK ELEMENTS AND WALL CONSTRUCTION METHOD
CA2124492C (en) * 1994-05-27 2005-12-06 Vittorio De Zen Housing system with structural cored hollow members
CN109322483B (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-11-30 上海绿地建设(集团)有限公司 Reinforcing and supporting structure of shear wall external formwork

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1184944A (en) * 1957-10-21 1959-07-28 Panel for building construction, building constructed using such panels
GB1419112A (en) * 1972-03-01 1975-12-24 Williams G M J Concrete walls
FR2411929A1 (en) * 1977-12-15 1979-07-13 Boffard Guy Concrete panels cast between sheets which become insulating covers - and pref. comprise rigid expanded polystyrene or polyurethane and/or plasterboard

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1177880B (en) 1987-08-26
FR2548716A1 (en) 1985-01-11
OA07962A (en) 1987-01-31
BR8406972A (en) 1985-06-11
DE3464078D1 (en) 1987-07-09
EP0147456A1 (en) 1985-07-10
AU3104484A (en) 1985-02-07
IT8448520A0 (en) 1984-07-06
WO1985000396A1 (en) 1985-01-31
FR2548716B1 (en) 1985-12-20

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