EP0285465B1 - Structural element, especially a facing element with integrated insulation - Google Patents

Structural element, especially a facing element with integrated insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0285465B1
EP0285465B1 EP88400440A EP88400440A EP0285465B1 EP 0285465 B1 EP0285465 B1 EP 0285465B1 EP 88400440 A EP88400440 A EP 88400440A EP 88400440 A EP88400440 A EP 88400440A EP 0285465 B1 EP0285465 B1 EP 0285465B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
plate
concrete
panel according
embedded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88400440A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0285465A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Roux
Michel Aerts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Recherche Et D'etudes Techniques Saret SA
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Recherche Et D'etudes Techniques Saret SA
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Priority to AT88400440T priority Critical patent/ATE62965T1/en
Publication of EP0285465A1 publication Critical patent/EP0285465A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0285465B1 publication Critical patent/EP0285465B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/526—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits with adaptations not otherwise provided for, for connecting, transport; for making impervious or hermetic, e.g. sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E04B2/92—Sandwich-type panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E04B2/94—Concrete panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
    • E04C2002/048—Bent wire anchors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building panel, in particular a cladding panel, with integrated thermal insulation.
  • Panels of this type are already known which include an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates each being provided with longitudinal prestressing frames and sandwiching a plate of insulating material, for example in expanded polystyrene.
  • Such panels have a generally rectangular shape and include two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and two transverse edges which constitute the ends.
  • a panel of this type is known in which the longitudinal edges are arranged to ensure a tenon-mortise interlocking between two adjacent panels.
  • These panels also called sandwich panels, are intended essentially to constitute either a facade covering of a building, such as an industrial building, or directly a facade wall of such a building. In either case, the panels are arranged so that their longitudinal edges extend vertically and a longitudinal edge of a panel comes into contact with a longitudinal edge of an adjacent panel.
  • these panels Given their length which often reaches ten meters and their weight, these panels are very mechanically stressed when they are lifted from a horizontal position to a vertical position, in particular during their erection in their final location. Furthermore, when they are in their final position on their site of location, these panels undergo different mechanical and thermal stresses, in particular due to differences in temperature or sunshine, these panels then being able to tend to bulge.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to avoid the drawbacks of known sandwich panels.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose a construction panel, in particular a cladding panel, comprising an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates each being provided with longitudinal prestressing reinforcements and enclosing in sandwich a plate of thermally insulating material, for example of expanded polystyrene, this panel comprising two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and arranged to ensure a mortise and mortise fitting between two adjacent panels and two transverse edges constituting the panel ends.
  • a construction panel in particular a cladding panel, comprising an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates each being provided with longitudinal prestressing reinforcements and enclosing in sandwich a plate of thermally insulating material, for example of expanded polystyrene, this panel comprising two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and arranged to ensure a mortise and mortise fitting between two adjacent panels and two transverse edges constituting
  • the internal plate and the external plate are interconnected by concrete zones only in the region of the two ends and the plate of insulating material extends over the entire width of the panel between the two longitudinal edges, without creating a thermal bridge between the two concrete plates.
  • one of the longitudinal edges of the panel comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges forming part of a section of the panel and connected to a flat end wall, into which the plate of insulating material, by means of two inclined walls forming an acute angle between them
  • the other longitudinal edge of the panel comprises a mortise limited by two coplanar entry edges forming part of another edge of the panel and connected to a flat bottom wall, into which the plate of insulating material opens, by means of two inclined walls forming an acute angle between them, the value of the angle limited by the inclined walls of the post being less than the value of the angle limited by the inclined walls of the mortise.
  • the height of the post is greater than the depth of the mortise, which makes it possible to provide a free space between an entry edge of a tenon and a corresponding entry edge of a mortise of two adjacent panels, which allows the establishment of a seal between the aforementioned entry edges.
  • the depth of the joint bottom is predetermined, which thus avoids any installation error.
  • this particular configuration is advantageous in that it prevents any attempted break-in by a tool inserted between the two longitudinal edges of two adjacent panels.
  • the invention further provides, especially for very long panels, for example of a length greater than about seven meters, that the panel further comprises two end reinforcements embedded respectively in the two ends, each reinforcement comprising irons U-shaped each consisting of two parallel branches connected together by a bent branch, the two branches being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates by extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and the bent branch being embedded in the concrete area connecting the two concrete slabs.
  • one of the parallel branches of the U-shaped irons is fixed to a lattice suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates and the other branch of the U-shaped irons is suitable for being connected to another lattice intended to be embedded in the other concrete plate, the two trellises being interconnected by connecting reinforcements which extend parallel to the prestressing reinforcements.
  • pin-shaped elements are inserted from place to place and transversely in the thickness of the panel, these elements passing through the thickness of the plate of insulating material and having a part embedded in the internal plate in concrete and another part embedded in the external concrete plate. These pin-shaped elements help to keep the concrete slabs in mutual spacing relationship.
  • the plate of insulating material comprises recessed reliefs, for example indentations or transverse grooves on its two large faces so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the external plate and the internal plate. , and to prevent relative sliding of the two concrete slabs. The filling of these hollow reliefs with fresh concrete can be facilitated by vibration of the latter.
  • the panel of the invention is intended above all to be installed vertically, the two ends constituting respectively a lower end and an upper end.
  • the lower end comprises an inverted V profile to allow the positioning of this butt about an angle with an inverted V profile forming part of a sill of a base intended to receive the panel.
  • the invention further provides adjustable fixing means for fixing the panel in the region of its upper end to a horizontal beam of a building.
  • these fixing means comprise at least one guide profile embedded vertically in the internal concrete plate and opening onto the outside, as well as a retaining tab comprising a body suitable for being fixed horizontally and adjustable to the horizontal beam of the building and a clean head to slide inside the profile while being retained by it.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 show a construction panel 10 of generally rectangular shape arranged vertically between two adjacent panels 10-a and 10-b identical to the panel 10 and shown in phantom lines.
  • the panel 10 comprises an internal plate 12 of prestressed concrete and an external plate 14 of prestressed concrete which sandwich a plate 16 of thermally insulating material such as expanded polystyrene (FIG. 2).
  • the panel 10 comprises two parallel longitudinal edges 18 and 20 which extend vertically in the erection position of the panel and two transverse edges 22 and 24 parallel to each other, the panel having the general shape of a rectangle bounded by the edges 18 , 20, 22 and 24.
  • the edges 22 and 24 respectively constitute the lower and upper ends of the panel 10, the latter resting by its lower end on a concrete sill 26 forming part of the base of a building.
  • the panel 10 is fixed to a horizontal beam 28 forming part of the framework of the building.
  • the panel 10 can have a width of about 1.20 meters between the banks 18 and 20 and a height of up to 10 meters between the banks 22 and 24.
  • the concrete plates 12 and 14 may, for example, have a thickness of 5 centimeters and the plate 16 of polystyrene a thickness of between 5 and 10 centimeters.
  • the plate 12 incorporates longitudinal prestressing reinforcements 30 constituted by cables extending parallel to the direction of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20, these cables being embedded in the median plane of the plate 12.
  • the external plate 14 comprises longitudinal prestressing frames 32 constituted by cables 32 extending parallel to the edges 18 and 20 and embedded in the median plane of the plate 14.
  • the internal plate 12 which is intended to be located on the interior side of the building, has a smooth surface 34 which may have come directly from the molding of the horizontal molding area of a prestressing bench.
  • the external plate 14, which is intended to be oriented towards the outside, comprises an external surface 36 which, in the example, is formed by a striated coating applied to the plate 14 either during its manufacture or during from a later stage. Of course, the coating could be applied to the internal plate of the panel or even both to the internal plate and to the external plate.
  • the longitudinal edges 18 and 20 of the panel 10 are arranged to ensure a tenon-mortise interlocking between two adjacent panels.
  • Figure 3 shows how the edge 20 of the panel 10, which forms a tenon, is assembled in the edge 18, forming a mortise, of the panel 10-b identical to the panel 10.
  • the plate 16 of expanded polystyrene is a rectangular plate which extends over the entire width of the panel 10 so as to lead both into the edge of the edge 18 and into the edge of the edge 20, the plates 34 and 36 not being connected by concrete at the edges 18 and 20 .
  • the plates 12 and 14 are interconnected by concrete zones 38 and 40 extending over the entire width of the panel respectively in the region of the upper end and in the region of the 'about lower.
  • the plate 16 made of insulating material comprises two large rectangular parallel faces 42 and 44 which are respectively in contact with the plate 12 and with the plate 14.
  • the faces 42 and 44 respectively have recessed reliefs formed by footprints 46, 48 distributed regularly on the faces in question so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the plate 12 and the concrete of the plate 14. This thus prevents relative sliding of the two plates 12 and 14 relative to one another to the other.
  • the longitudinal edge 20 comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges 50 and 52 connected to a flat end wall 54, into which the plate 16 opens, by means of two inclined walls 56 and 58 forming an acute angle between them.
  • the edge 18 comprises a mortise limited by two coplanar entry edges 60 and 62 connected to a flat bottom wall 64, into which the plate of insulating material opens, by means of two inclined walls 66 and 68 forming an acute angle between them.
  • the value of the acute angle limited by the inclined walls 56 and 58 which form a truncated dihedral is less than the value of the acute angle limited by the inclined walls 66 and 68 which also form a truncated dihedral, this to allow centering lateral of two adjacent panels by their longitudinal edges.
  • the height of the tenon as defined by the distance between the plane of the edges 50 and 52 and the plane of the face 54 is greater than the depth of the mortise, as defined by the distance between the plane of the inlet edges 60 and 62 and that of the bottom wall 64.
  • this seal is constituted by a seal bottom 70, such as a foam tape, which is engaged in the intermediate space between the entry edges 52 and 62, and a putty suitable 72 which is applied after fitting the seal base.
  • a seal bottom 70 such as a foam tape
  • a putty suitable 72 which is applied after fitting the seal base.
  • the longitudinal reinforcements 30 and 32 embedded respectively in the plates 12 and 14 extend over the entire length thereof and lead on the one hand to the shore 24 and on the other hand on the shore 22.
  • end reinforcements In the region of the buttresses are respectively drilled end reinforcements generally designated by the references 74 and 76, these reinforcements having the aim of reinforcing the connection between the plates 12 and 14, especially in the case where the panel 10 is relatively long, that is to say a length of at least about 7 meters.
  • the lower end forms an inverted V profile 78 which extends parallel to the edge 22 and which opens into the edge thereof to thus define a guide groove to allow the positioning of the lower end on the sill 26
  • the latter also includes an angle 80 with inverted V profile which is arranged horizontally on the sill 26 to cooperate with the aforementioned profile 78.
  • the angle iron 80 is welded by the end edges of its two wings to a metal plate 82 which is itself welded to several U-shaped irons 84 (FIG. 5).
  • the assembly constituted by the angle iron 80, the plate 82 and the U-shaped irons 84 is thus embedded in the concrete of the sill 26 and adjusted so that the angle iron 80 is precisely horizontal. It is indeed this angle which will be used to adjust the alignment of the panel in its lower part.
  • a wedge 88 can be interposed between the bottom of the profile 78 and the top of the angle iron 80 to adjust the verticality of the panel if this proves necessary (FIG. 5).
  • an insulating joint 90 may be put in place in a gap formed between the face 34 of the plate 12 and a concrete slab 92 inside the building, in the region opposite the concrete zone 40 which is not not thermally insulated.
  • FIGS. 4 and 6 show the attachment of a panel 10 to the beam 28 by adjustable fastening means, generally designated by the reference 94.
  • These fastening means comprise at least one guide profile 96 vertically embedded in the internal plate 12 and opening onto the external face 34 of the latter, the profile 96 extending parallel to the direction of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20.
  • These connecting means further comprise a retaining tab 98 comprising a body 100 suitable for being fixed horizontally and in an adjustable manner on the beam 28 and a head 102 suitable for sliding inside the profile 96, while being retained by the latter.
  • the retaining tab 98 is fixed to the beam 28 by means of a guide profile 104 similar to the profile 96, this profile 104 being partially embedded in the upper face 106 of the beam 28, so as to extend horizontally and parallel to the plane of the panel 10.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 describe the fixing means 94 in more detail.
  • the body 100 of the retaining tab 98 is of flat elongated shape having a generally rectangular smooth underside 108 and an opposite face 110 which is indented over part of its length to form a rack 112 whose teeth extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body 100 of the tab 98.
  • the body 100 further comprises an oblong hole 114 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the body 100 and which opens on the one hand into the face 110 and on the other hand into the face 108.
  • the head 102 is attached to the body 100 by a cylindrical part 116 whose axis extends in the longitudinal direction of the body 100.
  • the head 102 has the general shape of a rectangle whose width corresponds substantially to the diameter of the cylindrical part 116 and whose length corresponds substantially to twice the width.
  • This head has two diametrically opposite corners 118 and 120 and two diametrically opposite rounded parts 122 and 124.
  • the rack 112 of the tab 98 is able to cooperate with the corresponding rack 126 of a block 128 held in the section 104 of the beam 28 by a bolt 130 whose head 132 is engaged in the section 104 and whose threaded rod 134 successively crosses the oblong hole 114 and a cylindrical passage 136 of the block 128, before receiving a nut 138.
  • the profile 104 has the general shape of a U whose two parallel branches are folded down to form two edges of retaining 140 and 142.
  • the section 96 embedded in the panel 10 has a corresponding shape and thus allows to retain the head 102 after engagement in the section.
  • the head 102 of the tab 98 is engaged so that the long sides 144 and 146 of the head (FIG. 9) are parallel to the direction of the profile. After engagement of the head at the bottom of the profile, it suffices to turn it a quarter of a turn so that it is retained by the entry edges of the profile.
  • the head 132 of the screw 130 is engaged in the profile 104, the threaded rod 134 is introduced into the oblong hole 114 of the tab 98 and then the block 128 and the nut 138 are put in place. then in a suitable position and then the bolt 138 is tightened. It should be noted that, even if the beam 28 flexes, the panel is still fixed, the head 102 being able to slide freely in the profile, without the weight of the beam being taken up by the panel.
  • the body 100 of the retaining tab comprises a threaded stud 150 adapted to receive a nut 152 and a washer 154 for tightening a flange 156 having an oblong hole 158.
  • This flange it is possible to temporarily adjust the position of the retaining tab 98 on the upper wing 160 of the I-beam 148.
  • weld lines 162 and subsequently remove the flange 156 which can be used for other uses.
  • the panel 10 comprises two guide profiles 96, as described above, each of these profiles comprising a first set of two parallel legs 164 and 166 and a second set of two parallel legs 166 and 168.
  • the legs of each set have respective holes aligned for the introduction of a bar 172, respectively 174, coming to pass transversely behind at least one of the prestressing reinforcements of the internal plate 12 of concrete. In this way, it is certain that the profiles 96 cannot be torn away from the structure, the latter being anchored in the prestressing reinforcements.
  • elements 176 in the form of a pin are inserted from place to place and transversely in the thickness of the panel 10. These elements pass through the thickness of the plate 16 of insulating material and have a part embedded in the internal plate 12 of reinforced concrete and another part embedded in the external plate 14. The length of these pin-shaped elements is less than the total thickness of the panel, so as not to make protrusion on either side of it. These elements are intended to keep the spacing between the plates 12 and 14 constant.
  • the reinforcement 74 comprises four U-shaped irons 178 each consisting of two parallel branches 180 and 182 connected together by a bent branch 184, the branches 180 and 182 being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates 12 and 14 extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements 30, 32 and the bent branch 184 being embedded in the concrete area 40 connecting the two concrete plates 12 and 14.
  • each of the U-shaped irons 178 is fixed to a trellis suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates, namely in the internal plate 12.
  • This trellis is constituted by irons 186 arranged parallel to each other and whose length is slightly less than the width of the panel. ( Figures 11 and 13).
  • the trellis thus formed is suitable for being placed on the prestressing cables 30 and being subject to these cables by any suitable means.
  • the reinforcement 74 further comprises two sets 188 of connecting reinforcements each comprising an element 190 in the form of a sinusoid connected respectively to a bar 192 and another bar 194 superimposed vertically.
  • the bar 192 is adapted to be arranged along the length of the panel and to be subject to the various irons 186.
  • the other branches 182 of the U-shaped irons 178 and the two bars 194 of the frames 188 are suitable for subsequently receiving a second trellis intended to be embedded in the external concrete plate 14.
  • This trellis comprises in particular bars 196 which extend transversely to the length of the panel, that is to say parallel to the bars 186. These bars 196 come to rest on the prestressing frames 32 embedded in the plate 14.
  • each of the U-shaped irons 178 is welded to a flat iron 195 on which is welded an element 197 in the form of a sinusoid (FIGS. 11 and 13).
  • the iron 195 and the element 197 extend over practically the entire width of the panel and are embedded in the concrete zone 40.
  • the profile 78 is defined by two stepped faces.
  • the reinforcement 74 intended to reinforce the upper end piece is produced practically in the same way as the end reinforcement 76.
  • the reinforcement is used to hold anchor blocks 198 (FIG. 11) intended to allow lifting. of panel 10 by means of a suitable lifting beam.
  • an intermediate reinforcement (not shown) adapted to extend over a part of the length of the panel between the two ends.
  • Such a reinforcement advantageously consists of two parallel trellises suitable for being embedded respectively in the two plates 12 and 14 of concrete and for being connected together by connecting reinforcements similar to the reinforcements 188 described above.
  • the frames 188 of the end reinforcement 74 extend parallel to the longitudinal edges of the panel and at a distance therefrom, the distance separating the two frames 188 being less than the width of the panel. Since the insulating plate 16 extends over the entire width of the panel, it is necessary to provide suitable cutouts in this insulating plate to provide a passage for the two frames 188.
  • a possible solution consists in cutting the insulating plate into several sections, namely a section 161 between the location of the edge 18 and one of the frames 188, a section 162 between the two frames 188, a section 163 between the other reinforcement 188 and the location of the edge 20, and a section 164 extending over the intermediate length between the two ends.
  • the plate 16 can be cut correspondingly for the buttress reinforcement 76.
  • the plate 16 of insulating material instead of being cut into several sections, is simply notched so as to provide two parallel recesses 200 whose spacing corresponds to that of the two frames 188.
  • the sandwich panels of the invention can be manufactured using known installations intended for the manufacture of reinforced concrete elements and in particular of prestressed concrete elements.
  • a particularly suitable installation for this purpose is that described in French patent application No. 85.04947 filed on April 1, 1985 in the name of the applicant (FR-A-2,579,512).
  • Such an installation comprises a bench comprising a horizontal manufacturing area and means for tensioning and / or releasing prestressing reinforcements.
  • This known installation can extend over a length of several tens of meters, for example of the order of 100 meters and over a width which is generally between 2.50 meters and 3 meters. It is therefore particularly suitable for the simultaneous manufacture of several sandwich panels on the manufacturing area of the bench.
  • the width of the manufacturing area of the bench can be reduced to adapt to the width of standard panels, which can be of the order of 1.20 meters.
  • the panel is hardened, for example by steaming.
  • we release the tension of the prestressing reinforcements and these reinforcements are sheared at the level of the transverse edges 24 and 26.
  • the panels of the invention can be manufactured to the chosen dimensions and can include, if necessary, internal cutouts, for example to allow subsequent installation of carpentry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)

Abstract

Structural panel, especially a facing panel, comprising an internal pre-stressed concrete plate (12), an external pre-stressed concrete plate (14), these two plates being each provided with pre-stressed longitudinal reinforcing elements (30, 32) and gripping around, as a sandwich, a plate made of a thermally insulating material (16), this panel comprising two longitudinal edges (18, 20) parallel to the pre-stressed reinforcing elements and two transverse edges constituting the butts of the panel, the internal (12) and external (14) plates being connected together by concreted zones only in the region of the two butts, the plate made of an insulating material extending over the entire width of the panel between the two longitudinal edges (18, 20), the latter being made for providing a mortice-tenon interlocking of the two adjacent panels without creating a thermal bridge. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un panneau de construction, notamment un panneau de bardage, à isolation thermique intégrée.The invention relates to a building panel, in particular a cladding panel, with integrated thermal insulation.

On connaît déjà des panneaux de ce genre qui comprennent une plaque interne en béton précontraint, une plaque externe en béton précontraint, ces deux plaques en béton étant munies chacune d'armatures longitudinales de précontrainte et enserrant en sandwich une plaque en matériau isolant, par exemple en polystyrène expansé. De tels panneaux ont une forme générale rectangulaire et comprennent deux rives longitudinales parallèles aux armatures de précontrainte et deux rives transversales qui constituent les abouts.Panels of this type are already known which include an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates each being provided with longitudinal prestressing frames and sandwiching a plate of insulating material, for example in expanded polystyrene. Such panels have a generally rectangular shape and include two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and two transverse edges which constitute the ends.

Ainsi, on connaît, d'après le document FR-A-1 440 381, un panneau de ce genre dans lequel les rives longitudinales sont aménagées pour assurer un emboîtage tenon-mortaise entre deux panneaux adjacents.Thus, from document FR-A-1 440 381, a panel of this type is known in which the longitudinal edges are arranged to ensure a tenon-mortise interlocking between two adjacent panels.

Ces panneaux, encore appelés panneaux sandwich, sont destinés essentiellement à constituer soit un revêtement de façade d'un bâtiment, tel qu'un bâtiment industriel, soit directement une paroi de façade d'un tel bâtiment. Dans l'un ou l'autre cas, les panneaux sont disposés en sorte que leurs rives longitudinales s'étendent verticalement et qu'une rive longitudinale d'un panneau vienne en contact avec une rive longitudinale d'un panneau adjacent.These panels, also called sandwich panels, are intended essentially to constitute either a facade covering of a building, such as an industrial building, or directly a facade wall of such a building. In either case, the panels are arranged so that their longitudinal edges extend vertically and a longitudinal edge of a panel comes into contact with a longitudinal edge of an adjacent panel.

Compte tenu de leur longueur qui atteint souvent une dizaine de mètres et de leur poids, ces panneaux sont très sollicités mécaniquement lors de leur levage d'une position horizontale à une position verticale, notamment au cours de leur érection sur leur emplacement définitif. Par ailleurs, lorsqu'ils sont dans leur position définitive sur leur site d'emplacement, ces panneaux subissent différentes contraintes mécaniques et thermiques, en raison notamment de différences de température ou d'ensoleillement, ces panneaux pouvant alors avoir tendance à se bomber.Given their length which often reaches ten meters and their weight, these panels are very mechanically stressed when they are lifted from a horizontal position to a vertical position, in particular during their erection in their final location. Furthermore, when they are in their final position on their site of location, these panels undergo different mechanical and thermal stresses, in particular due to differences in temperature or sunshine, these panels then being able to tend to bulge.

Pour conférer une résistance suffisamment élevée à ces panneaux sandwich et maintenir l'écartement mutuel des deux plaques en béton qui enserrent l'isolant interne, on a jusqu'à présent doté ces panneaux de ferraillages ou d'armatures internes lourds, complexes et coûteux. Par ailleurs, dans la plupart des solutions connues jusqu'à présent, il a été nécessaire de prévoir une liaison en béton sur toute la périphérie du panneau, notamment le long des rives longitudinales, ce qui entraîne la création d'un pont thermique entre les deux plaques en béton et contribue en outre à augmenter le poids du panneau.To give sufficiently high resistance to these sandwich panels and maintain the mutual spacing of the two concrete plates which enclose the internal insulation, these panels have so far been provided with heavy, complex and expensive internal reinforcement or reinforcement. Furthermore, in most of the solutions known up to now, it has been necessary to provide a concrete connection over the entire periphery of the panel, in particular along the longitudinal edges, which leads to the creation of a thermal bridge between the two concrete slabs and also helps to increase the weight of the panel.

Un autre inconvénient des panneaux sandwich connus dans la technique antérieure réside dans le fait que ces panneaux nécessitent des opérations longues et délicates pour leur mise en place et pour le réglage précis de leur position définitive sur leur site d'implantation.Another disadvantage of sandwich panels known in the prior art lies in the fact that these panels require long and delicate operations for their installation and for the precise adjustment of their final position on their implantation site.

L'invention a notamment pour but d'éviter les inconvénients des panneaux sandwich connus.The object of the invention is in particular to avoid the drawbacks of known sandwich panels.

C'est, en particulier, un but de l'invention de procurer un panneau sandwich du genre précité qui n'entraîne pas la création de pont thermique.It is, in particular, an object of the invention to provide a sandwich panel of the aforementioned kind which does not cause the creation of a thermal bridge.

C'est encore un autre but de l'invention de procurer un tel panneau sandwich qui nécessite un minimum de ferraillages et d'armatures, tout en assurant une bonne liaison mécanique et un écartement mutuel constant, en toutes circonstances, entre les deux plaques en béton, sans possibilité de glissement relatif de ces plaques.It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a sandwich panel which requires a minimum of reinforcement and of reinforcements, while ensuring a good mechanical connection and a constant mutual spacing, in all circumstances, between the two concrete plates, without the possibility of relative sliding of these plates.

C'est encore un autre but de l'invention de procurer un tel panneau qui peut être fabriqué facilement sur un banc de précontrainte.It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a panel which can be easily fabricated on a prestressing bench.

C'est aussi un autre but de l'invention de procurer un tel panneau qui peut être facilement et rapidement mis en place dans sa position définitive sur son site d'implantation.It is also another object of the invention to provide such a panel which can be easily and quickly put in place in its final position on its implantation site.

L'invention propose à cet effet un panneau de construction, notamment un panneau de bardage, comprenant une plaque interne en béton précontraint, une plaque externe en béton précontraint, ces deux plaques en béton étant munies chacune d'armatures longitudinales de précontrainte et enserrant en sandwich une plaque en matériau thermiquement isolant, par exemple en polystyrène expansé, ce panneau comprenant deux rives longitudinales parallèles aux armatures de précontrainte et aménagées pour assurer un emboîtage tenon-mortaise entre deux panneaux adjacents et deux rives transversales constituant les abouts du panneau.The invention proposes for this purpose a construction panel, in particular a cladding panel, comprising an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates each being provided with longitudinal prestressing reinforcements and enclosing in sandwich a plate of thermally insulating material, for example of expanded polystyrene, this panel comprising two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and arranged to ensure a mortise and mortise fitting between two adjacent panels and two transverse edges constituting the panel ends.

Conformément à la caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, la plaque interne et la plaque externe sont reliées entre elles par des zones bétonnées uniquement dans la région des deux abouts et la plaque en matériau isolant s'étend sur toute la largeur du panneau entre les deux rives longitudinales, sans création de pont thermique entre les deux plaques en béton.In accordance with the essential characteristic of the invention, the internal plate and the external plate are interconnected by concrete zones only in the region of the two ends and the plate of insulating material extends over the entire width of the panel between the two longitudinal edges, without creating a thermal bridge between the two concrete plates.

On obtient ainsi un panneau sandwich plus léger que les panneaux de la technique antérieure du fait de l'absence de béton dans la région des rives longitudinales. En outre, lorsque plusieurs panneaux sont emboîtés par leurs rives longitudinales, on obtient une isolation thermique continue sans pont thermique.This results in a lighter sandwich panel than the panels of the prior art due to the absence of concrete in the region of the longitudinal edges. In in addition, when several panels are fitted together by their longitudinal edges, continuous thermal insulation is obtained without thermal bridge.

Une isolation thermique appropriée peut être complétée, le cas échéant, au droit des zones bétonnées des deux abouts, bien qu'une telle isolation ne soit pas nécessaire dans la plupart des cas, surtout lorsque les panneaux sont disposés verticalement.Appropriate thermal insulation can be supplemented, where appropriate, in the concrete areas of the two ends, although such insulation is not necessary in most cases, especially when the panels are arranged vertically.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'une des rives longitudinales du panneau comprend un tenon limité par deux bords d'entrée coplanaires faisant partie d'une tranche du panneau et raccordés à une paroi plane d'extrémité, dans laquelle débouche la plaque en matériau isolant, par l'intermédiaire de deux parois inclinées formant un angle aigu entre elles, et l'autre rive longitudinale du panneau comprend une mortaise limitée par deux bords d'entrée coplanaires faisant partie d'une autre tranche du panneau et raccordés à une paroi plane de fond, dans laquelle débouche la plaque en matériau isolant, par l'intermédiaire de deux parois inclinées formant un angle aigu entre elles, la valeur de l'angle limité par les parois inclinées du tenon étant inférieure à la valeur de l'angle limité par les parois inclinées de la mortaise.According to another characteristic of the invention, one of the longitudinal edges of the panel comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges forming part of a section of the panel and connected to a flat end wall, into which the plate of insulating material, by means of two inclined walls forming an acute angle between them, and the other longitudinal edge of the panel comprises a mortise limited by two coplanar entry edges forming part of another edge of the panel and connected to a flat bottom wall, into which the plate of insulating material opens, by means of two inclined walls forming an acute angle between them, the value of the angle limited by the inclined walls of the post being less than the value of the angle limited by the inclined walls of the mortise.

Cette configuration particulière du tenon et de la mortaise permet d'obtenir immédiatement le centrage latéral de deux panneaux adjacents par leurs rives longitudinales. En outre, en cas de bombement d'un panneau sous l'effet de la chaleur, le panneau ainsi bombé vient se caler sur le panneau adjacent en limitant le décalage entre les deux panneaux, dans le cas où le panneau adjacent n'est pas lui-même bombé sous l'effet de la chaleur.This particular configuration of the tenon and the mortise allows immediate lateral centering of two adjacent panels by their longitudinal edges. In addition, in the event of a bending of a panel under the effect of heat, the panel thus bent is wedged on the adjacent panel by limiting the offset between the two panels, in the case where the adjacent panel is not itself bulging under the effect of heat.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, la hauteur du tenon est supérieure à la profondeur de la mortaise, ce qui permet de ménager un espace libre entre un bord d'entrée d'un tenon et un bord d'entrée correspondant d'une mortaise de deux panneaux adjacents, ce qui permet la mise en place d'un joint d'étanchéité entre les bords d'entrée précités.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the height of the post is greater than the depth of the mortise, which makes it possible to provide a free space between an entry edge of a tenon and a corresponding entry edge of a mortise of two adjacent panels, which allows the establishment of a seal between the aforementioned entry edges.

Compte tenu de la configuration particulière du tenon et de la mortaise, la profondeur du fond de joint est prédéterminée, ce qui évite ainsi toute erreur de pose. De plus, cette configuration particulière est avantageuse en ce sens qu'elle empêche toute tentative d'effraction par un outil introduit entre les deux rives longitudinales de deux panneaux adjacents.Given the particular configuration of the tenon and the mortise, the depth of the joint bottom is predetermined, which thus avoids any installation error. In addition, this particular configuration is advantageous in that it prevents any attempted break-in by a tool inserted between the two longitudinal edges of two adjacent panels.

L'invention prévoit de plus, spécialement pour des panneaux de grande longueur, par exemple d'une longueur supérieure à environ sept mètres, que le panneau comprend en outre deux renforts d'about noyés respectivement dans les deux abouts, chaque renfort comprenant des fers en U constitués chacun de deux branches parallèles reliées entre elles par une branche coudée, les deux branches étant noyées respectivement dans les deux plaques en béton en s'étendant parallèlement aux armatures de précontrainte et la branche coudée étant noyée dans la zone bétonnée raccordant les deux plaques en béton.The invention further provides, especially for very long panels, for example of a length greater than about seven meters, that the panel further comprises two end reinforcements embedded respectively in the two ends, each reinforcement comprising irons U-shaped each consisting of two parallel branches connected together by a bent branch, the two branches being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates by extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and the bent branch being embedded in the concrete area connecting the two concrete slabs.

De préférence, l'une des branches parallèles des fers en U est fixée à un treillis propre à être noyé dans l'une des deux plaques en béton et l'autre branche des fers en U est propre à être reliée à un autre treillis destiné à être noyé dans l'autre plaque en béton, les deux treillis étant reliés entre eux par des armatures de liaison qui s'étendent parallèlement aux armatures de précontrainte.Preferably, one of the parallel branches of the U-shaped irons is fixed to a lattice suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates and the other branch of the U-shaped irons is suitable for being connected to another lattice intended to be embedded in the other concrete plate, the two trellises being interconnected by connecting reinforcements which extend parallel to the prestressing reinforcements.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, des éléments en forme d'épingle sont insérés de place en place et transversalement dans l'épaisseur du panneau, ces éléments traversant l'épaisseur de la plaque en matériau isolant et ayant une partie noyée dans la plaque interne en béton et une autre partie noyée dans la plaque externe en béton. Ces éléments en forme d'épingle contribuent à maintenir les plaques en béton en relation d'écartement mutuel.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, pin-shaped elements are inserted from place to place and transversely in the thickness of the panel, these elements passing through the thickness of the plate of insulating material and having a part embedded in the internal plate in concrete and another part embedded in the external concrete plate. These pin-shaped elements help to keep the concrete slabs in mutual spacing relationship.

Par ailleurs, l'invention prévoit que la plaque en matériau isolant comprend des reliefs en creux, par exemple des empreintes ou des rainures transversales sur ses deux grandes faces de manière à faciliter l'accrochage du béton de la plaque externe et de la plaque interne, et à empêcher un glissement relatif des deux plaques en béton. Le remplissage de ces reliefs en creux par le béton frais peut être facilité par vibration de celui-ci.Furthermore, the invention provides that the plate of insulating material comprises recessed reliefs, for example indentations or transverse grooves on its two large faces so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the external plate and the internal plate. , and to prevent relative sliding of the two concrete slabs. The filling of these hollow reliefs with fresh concrete can be facilitated by vibration of the latter.

Le panneau de l'invention est destiné avant tout à être implanté verticalement, les deux abouts constituant respectivement un about inférieur et un about supérieur. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'about inférieur comprend un profil en V renversé pour permettre le positionnement de cet about sur une cornière à profil en V renversé faisant partie d'une longrine d'un soubassement destiné à recevoir le panneau.The panel of the invention is intended above all to be installed vertically, the two ends constituting respectively a lower end and an upper end. According to a characteristic of the invention, the lower end comprises an inverted V profile to allow the positioning of this butt about an angle with an inverted V profile forming part of a sill of a base intended to receive the panel.

L'invention prévoit en outre des moyens de fixation réglables pour fixer le panneau dans la région de son about supérieur à une poutre horizontale d'un bâtiment.The invention further provides adjustable fixing means for fixing the panel in the region of its upper end to a horizontal beam of a building.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, ces moyens de fixation comprennent au moins un profil de guidage noyé verticalement dans la plaque interne en béton et débouchant sur l'extérieur, ainsi qu'une patte de maintien comprenant un corps propre à être fixé horizontalement et de façon réglable sur la poutre horizontale du bâtiment et une tête propre à coulisser à l'intérieur du profilé tout en étant retenue par celui-ci.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, these fixing means comprise at least one guide profile embedded vertically in the internal concrete plate and opening onto the outside, as well as a retaining tab comprising a body suitable for being fixed horizontally and adjustable to the horizontal beam of the building and a clean head to slide inside the profile while being retained by it.

Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en élévation d'un panneau intercalé entre deux panneaux adjacents identiques, représentés en traits fantômes;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 représente, à plus grande échelle, l'assemblage tenon-mortaise de deux rives longitudinales appartenant à deux panneaux adjacents;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne IV-IV de la figure 1;
  • la figure 5 montre, vue en coupe, la fixation de l'about inférieur d'un panneau sur une longrine;
  • la figure 6 est une vue partielle en perspective montrant la fixation des deux abouts supérieurs de deux panneaux adjacents sur une poutre horizontale en béton;
  • la figure 7 est une vue de dessus d'une patte de maintien du dispositif de fixation de la figure 6;
  • la figure 8 est une vue latérale de cette patte de maintien et des autres moyens de fixation qui lui sont associés;
  • la figure 9 est une vue d'extrémité de la patte de maintien de la figure 7;
  • la figure 10 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 6 dans laquelle les moyens de fixation des abouts supérieurs sont adaptés à une poutre métallique à profil en I;
  • la figure 11 est une vue en coupe verticale longitudinale d'un panneau;
  • la figure 12 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne XII-XII de la figure 11;
  • la figure 13 est une vue en perspective d'un renfort d'about destiné à un about inférieur de panneau;
  • la figure 14 est une vue de dessus montrant schématiquement la mise en place de la plaque d'isolant dans la région d'un about;
  • la figure 15 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 14, dans une autre forme de réalisation.
In the description which follows, given solely by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view of a panel interposed between two identical adjacent panels, shown in phantom lines;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows, on a larger scale, the tenon-mortise assembly of two longitudinal edges belonging to two adjacent panels;
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 shows, in section, the fixing of the lower end of a panel on a sill;
  • Figure 6 is a partial perspective view showing the attachment of the two upper ends of two adjacent panels on a horizontal concrete beam;
  • Figure 7 is a top view of a holding tab of the fixing device of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a side view of this retaining tab and the other fixing means associated therewith;
  • Figure 9 is an end view of the holding tab of Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to that of Figure 6 in which the means for fixing the upper ends are adapted to a metal beam with I profile;
  • Figure 11 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a panel;
  • Figure 12 is a sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an end reinforcement intended for a lower panel end;
  • Figure 14 is a top view schematically showing the placement of the insulating plate in the region of a butt;
  • Figure 15 is a view similar to that of Figure 14, in another embodiment.

On se réfère d'abord aux figures 1 et 2 qui montrent un panneau de construction 10 de forme générale rectangulaire disposé verticalement entre deux panneaux adjacents 10-a et 10-b identiques au panneau 10 et représentés en traits fantômes. Le panneau 10 comprend une plaque interne 12 en béton précontraint et une plaque externe 14 en béton précontraint qui enserrent en sandwich une plaque 16 en matériau thermiquement isolant tel que du polystyrène expansé (figure 2). Le panneau 10 comprend deux rives longitudinales parallèles 18 et 20 qui s'étendent verticalement dans la position d'érection du panneau et deux rives transversales 22 et 24 parallèles entre elles, le panneau ayant la forme générale d'un rectangle limité par les rives 18, 20, 22 et 24. Les rives 22 et 24 constituent respectivement les abouts inférieur et supérieur du panneau 10, celui-ci reposant par son about inférieur sur une longrine 26 en béton faisant partie du soubassement d'un bâtiment. Dans la région de l'about supérieur, le panneau 10 est fixé sur une poutre horizontale 28 faisant partie de l'ossature du bâtiment. A titre d'exemple, le panneau 10 peut avoir une largeur d'environ 1,20 mètre entre les rives 18 et 20 et une hauteur pouvant aller jusqu'à 10 mètres entre les rives 22 et 24. Les plaques en béton 12 et 14 peuvent avoir, par exemple, une épaisseur de 5 centimètres et la plaque 16 en polystyrène une épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 10 centimètres.We first refer to Figures 1 and 2 which show a construction panel 10 of generally rectangular shape arranged vertically between two adjacent panels 10-a and 10-b identical to the panel 10 and shown in phantom lines. The panel 10 comprises an internal plate 12 of prestressed concrete and an external plate 14 of prestressed concrete which sandwich a plate 16 of thermally insulating material such as expanded polystyrene (FIG. 2). The panel 10 comprises two parallel longitudinal edges 18 and 20 which extend vertically in the erection position of the panel and two transverse edges 22 and 24 parallel to each other, the panel having the general shape of a rectangle bounded by the edges 18 , 20, 22 and 24. The edges 22 and 24 respectively constitute the lower and upper ends of the panel 10, the latter resting by its lower end on a concrete sill 26 forming part of the base of a building. In the region of the upper end, the panel 10 is fixed to a horizontal beam 28 forming part of the framework of the building. For example, the panel 10 can have a width of about 1.20 meters between the banks 18 and 20 and a height of up to 10 meters between the banks 22 and 24. The concrete plates 12 and 14 may, for example, have a thickness of 5 centimeters and the plate 16 of polystyrene a thickness of between 5 and 10 centimeters.

La plaque 12 incorpore des armatures longitudinales de précontrainte 30 constituées par des câbles s'étendant parallèlement à la direction des rives longitudinales 18 et 20, ces câbles étant noyés dans le plan médian de la plaque 12. De façon correspondante, la plaque externe 14 comprend des armatures longitudinales de précontrainte 32 constituées par des câbles 32 s'étendant parallèlement aux rives 18 et 20 et noyées dans le plan médian de la plaque 14. Dans l'exemple, la plaque interne 12, qui est destinée à être située du côté intérieur du bâtiment, comporte une surface lisse 34 pouvant être venue directement de moulage de l'aire horizontale de moulage d'un banc de précontrainte. La plaque externe 14, qui est destinée à être orientée vers l'extérieur, comprend une surface externe 36 qui, dans l'exemple, est formée d'un revêtement strié appliqué sur la plaque 14 soit au cours de sa fabrication, soit au cours d'un stade ultérieur. Bien entendu, le revêtement pourrait être appliqué sur la plaque interne du panneau ou même à la fois sur la plaque interne et sur la plaque externe.The plate 12 incorporates longitudinal prestressing reinforcements 30 constituted by cables extending parallel to the direction of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20, these cables being embedded in the median plane of the plate 12. Correspondingly, the external plate 14 comprises longitudinal prestressing frames 32 constituted by cables 32 extending parallel to the edges 18 and 20 and embedded in the median plane of the plate 14. In the example, the internal plate 12, which is intended to be located on the interior side of the building, has a smooth surface 34 which may have come directly from the molding of the horizontal molding area of a prestressing bench. The external plate 14, which is intended to be oriented towards the outside, comprises an external surface 36 which, in the example, is formed by a striated coating applied to the plate 14 either during its manufacture or during from a later stage. Of course, the coating could be applied to the internal plate of the panel or even both to the internal plate and to the external plate.

Comme le montrent les figures 2 et 3, les rives longitudinales 18 et 20 du panneau 10 sont aménagées pour assurer un emboîtage tenon-mortaise entre deux panneaux adjacents. La figure 3 montre comment la rive 20 du panneau 10, qui forme tenon, est assemblée dans la rive 18, formant mortaise, du panneau 10-b identique au panneau 10. La plaque 16 en polystyrène expansé est une plaque rectangulaire qui s'étend sur toute la largeur du panneau 10 de manière à déboucher à la fois dans le chant de la rive 18 et dans le chant de la rive 20, les plaques 34 et 36 n'étant pas reliées par du béton au niveau des rives 18 et 20.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the longitudinal edges 18 and 20 of the panel 10 are arranged to ensure a tenon-mortise interlocking between two adjacent panels. Figure 3 shows how the edge 20 of the panel 10, which forms a tenon, is assembled in the edge 18, forming a mortise, of the panel 10-b identical to the panel 10. The plate 16 of expanded polystyrene is a rectangular plate which extends over the entire width of the panel 10 so as to lead both into the edge of the edge 18 and into the edge of the edge 20, the plates 34 and 36 not being connected by concrete at the edges 18 and 20 .

En revanche, comme montré à la figure 4, les plaques 12 et 14 sont reliées entre elles par des zones bétonnées 38 et 40 s'étendant sur toute la largeur du panneau respectivement dans la région de l'about supérieur et dans la région de l'about inférieur.On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the plates 12 and 14 are interconnected by concrete zones 38 and 40 extending over the entire width of the panel respectively in the region of the upper end and in the region of the 'about lower.

Comme montré à la figure 3, la plaque 16 en matériau isolant comprend deux grandes faces parallèles rectangulaires 42 et 44 qui sont respectivement en contact avec la plaque 12 et avec la plaque 14. Les faces 42 et 44 comportent respectivement des reliefs en creux constitués par des empreintes 46, 48 distribuées régulièrement sur les faces en question de manière à faciliter l'accrochage du béton de la plaque 12 et du béton de la plaque 14. On empêche ainsi un glissement relatif des deux plaques 12 et 14 l'une par rapport à l'autre.As shown in FIG. 3, the plate 16 made of insulating material comprises two large rectangular parallel faces 42 and 44 which are respectively in contact with the plate 12 and with the plate 14. The faces 42 and 44 respectively have recessed reliefs formed by footprints 46, 48 distributed regularly on the faces in question so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the plate 12 and the concrete of the plate 14. This thus prevents relative sliding of the two plates 12 and 14 relative to one another to the other.

Comme montré à la figure 3, la rive longitudinale 20 comprend un tenon limité par deux bords d'entrée coplanaires 50 et 52 raccordés à une paroi plane d'extrémité 54, dans laquelle débouche la plaque 16, par intermédiaire de deux parois inclinées 56 et 58 formant un angle aigu entre elles. La rive 18 comprend une mortaise limitée par deux bords d'entrée coplanaires 60 et 62 raccordés à une paroi plane de fond 64, dans laquelle débouche la plaque en matériau isolant, par l'intermédiaire de deux parois inclinées 66 et 68 formant un angle aigu entre elles. La valeur de l'angle aigu limité par les parois inclinées 56 et 58 qui forment un dièdre tronqué est inférieure à la valeur de l'angle aigu limité par les parois inclinées 66 et 68 qui forment également un dièdre tronqué, ceci pour permettre le centrage latéral de deux panneaux adjacents par leurs rives longitudinales.As shown in FIG. 3, the longitudinal edge 20 comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges 50 and 52 connected to a flat end wall 54, into which the plate 16 opens, by means of two inclined walls 56 and 58 forming an acute angle between them. The edge 18 comprises a mortise limited by two coplanar entry edges 60 and 62 connected to a flat bottom wall 64, into which the plate of insulating material opens, by means of two inclined walls 66 and 68 forming an acute angle between them. The value of the acute angle limited by the inclined walls 56 and 58 which form a truncated dihedral is less than the value of the acute angle limited by the inclined walls 66 and 68 which also form a truncated dihedral, this to allow centering lateral of two adjacent panels by their longitudinal edges.

Par ailleurs, la hauteur du tenon, telle que définie par la distance entre le plan des bords 50 et 52 et le plan de la face 54 est supérieure à la profondeur de la mortaise, telle que définie par la distance entre le plan des bords d'entrée 60 et 62 et celui de la paroi de fond 64. Ceci permet de ménager un espace libre entre les bords 52 et 62 en regard et les bords 50 et 60 en regard lorsque deux panneaux adjacents sont emboîtés, comme montré à la figure 3. Ceci permet ainsi de ménager un espace entre les joints 52 et 62, par exemple, pour mettre en place un joint d'étanchéité. Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, ce joint est constitué par un fond de joint 70, tel qu'un ruban de mousse, qui est engagé dans l'espace intercalaire compris entre les bords d'entrée 52 et 62, et un mastic approprié 72 qui est appliqué après mise en place du fond de joint. Compte tenu de la présence de la paroi inclinée 58, la profondeur de l'espace intercalaire recevant le joint est prédéterminée, ce qui évite automatiquement des erreurs de pose du fond de joint 70. Il est à noter par ailleurs que, compte tenu de la forme en tenon-mortaise de l'assemblage, il est impossible d'introduire un outil d'effraction dans l'espace intercalaire ménagé entre les bords d'entrée 52 et 62.Furthermore, the height of the tenon, as defined by the distance between the plane of the edges 50 and 52 and the plane of the face 54 is greater than the depth of the mortise, as defined by the distance between the plane of the inlet edges 60 and 62 and that of the bottom wall 64. This allows a free space to be created between the facing edges 52 and 62 and the facing edges 50 and 60 when two adjacent panels are fitted together, as shown in FIG. 3. This thus makes it possible to provide a space between the seals 52 and 62, for example, to set up a seal. In the example of FIG. 3, this seal is constituted by a seal bottom 70, such as a foam tape, which is engaged in the intermediate space between the entry edges 52 and 62, and a putty suitable 72 which is applied after fitting the seal base. Given the presence of the inclined wall 58, the depth of the intermediate space receiving the seal is predetermined, which automatically avoids errors in fitting the seal bottom 70. It should also be noted that, taking into account the tenon-mortise shape of the assembly, it is impossible to introduce a break-in tool into the intermediate space formed between the input edges 52 and 62.

On se réfère à nouveau à la figure 4. Comme montré sur cette figure, les armatures longitudinales 30 et 32 noyées respectivement dans les plaques 12 et 14 s'étendent sur toute la longueur de celle-ci et débouchent d'une part sur la rive 24 et d'autre part sur la rive 22. Dans la région des abouts sont noyés respectivement des renforts d'about désignés globalement par les références 74 et 76, ces renforts ayant pour but de renforcer la liaison entre les plaques 12 et 14, spécialement dans le cas où le panneau 10 est relativement long, c'est-à-dire d'une longueur d'au moins 7 mètres environ.Referring again to Figure 4. As shown in this figure, the longitudinal reinforcements 30 and 32 embedded respectively in the plates 12 and 14 extend over the entire length thereof and lead on the one hand to the shore 24 and on the other hand on the shore 22. In the region of the buttresses are respectively drilled end reinforcements generally designated by the references 74 and 76, these reinforcements having the aim of reinforcing the connection between the plates 12 and 14, especially in the case where the panel 10 is relatively long, that is to say a length of at least about 7 meters.

L'about inférieur forme un profil en V renversé 78 qui s'étend parallèlement à la rive 22 et qui débouche dans la tranche de celle-ci pour définir ainsi une rainure de guidage pour permettre le positionnement de l'about inférieur sur la longrine 26. Cette dernière comprend également une cornière 80 à profil en V renversé qui est disposée horizontalement sur la longrine 26 pour coopérer avec le profil 78 précité. La cornière 80 est soudée par les bords d'extrémité de ses deux ailes sur une plaque métallique 82 qui est elle-même soudée sur plusieurs fers en U 84 (figure 5). L'ensemble constitué par la cornière 80, la plaque 82 et les fers en U 84 est ainsi noyé dans le béton de la longrine 26 et réglé de manière que la cornière 80 soit précisément à l'horizontale. C'est en effet cette cornière qui servira à régler l'alignement du panneau dans sa partie basse. Lors de la mise en place de l'about inférieur sur la longrine 26, on aura au préalable déposé une couche de mortier 86 sur le dessus de la longrine, de part et d'autre de la cornière 80, en sorte que, sous l'effet du poids du panneau 10, ce mortier s'écoule vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur en fournissant un lit d'appui pour le panneau.The lower end forms an inverted V profile 78 which extends parallel to the edge 22 and which opens into the edge thereof to thus define a guide groove to allow the positioning of the lower end on the sill 26 The latter also includes an angle 80 with inverted V profile which is arranged horizontally on the sill 26 to cooperate with the aforementioned profile 78. The angle iron 80 is welded by the end edges of its two wings to a metal plate 82 which is itself welded to several U-shaped irons 84 (FIG. 5). The assembly constituted by the angle iron 80, the plate 82 and the U-shaped irons 84 is thus embedded in the concrete of the sill 26 and adjusted so that the angle iron 80 is precisely horizontal. It is indeed this angle which will be used to adjust the alignment of the panel in its lower part. When installing the lower end on the sill 26, a layer of mortar 86 will have been deposited beforehand on the top of the sill, on either side of the angle 80, so that, under the effect of the weight of the panel 10, this mortar flows inwards and outwards, providing a support bed for the panel.

Le cas échéant une cale 88 peut être interposée entre le fond du profil 78 et le sommet de la cornière 80 pour ajuster la verticalité du panneau si cela s'avère nécessaire (figure 5).If necessary, a wedge 88 can be interposed between the bottom of the profile 78 and the top of the angle iron 80 to adjust the verticality of the panel if this proves necessary (FIG. 5).

Ultérieurement, un joint isolant 90 pourra être mis en place dans un interstice ménagé entre la face 34 de la plaque 12 et une dalle en béton 92 à l'intérieur du bâtiment, dans la région en regard de la zone bétonnée 40 qui n'est pas isolée thermiquement.Subsequently, an insulating joint 90 may be put in place in a gap formed between the face 34 of the plate 12 and a concrete slab 92 inside the building, in the region opposite the concrete zone 40 which is not not thermally insulated.

On se réfère maintenant aux figures 4 et 6 qui montrent la fixation d'un panneau 10 à la poutre 28 par des moyens de fixation réglables, désignés dans leur ensemble par la référence 94. Ces moyens de fixation comprennent au moins un profilé de guidage 96 noyé verticalement dans la plaque interne 12 et débouchant sur la face externe 34 de cette dernière, le profilé 96 s'étendant parallèlement à la direction des rives longitudinales 18 et 20. Ces moyens de liaison comprennent en outre une patte de maintien 98 comprenant un corps 100 propre à être fixé horizontalement et de façon réglable sur la poutre 28 et une tête 102 propre à coulisser à l'intérieur du profilé 96, tout en étant retenue par celui-ci. La patte de maintien 98 est fixée à la poutre 28 par l'intermédiaire d'un profilé de guidage 104 similaire au profilé 96, ce profilé 104 étant noyé en partie dans la face supérieure 106 de la poutre 28, de manière à s'étendre à l'horizontale et parallèlement au plan du panneau 10.Referring now to Figures 4 and 6 which show the attachment of a panel 10 to the beam 28 by adjustable fastening means, generally designated by the reference 94. These fastening means comprise at least one guide profile 96 vertically embedded in the internal plate 12 and opening onto the external face 34 of the latter, the profile 96 extending parallel to the direction of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20. These connecting means further comprise a retaining tab 98 comprising a body 100 suitable for being fixed horizontally and in an adjustable manner on the beam 28 and a head 102 suitable for sliding inside the profile 96, while being retained by the latter. The retaining tab 98 is fixed to the beam 28 by means of a guide profile 104 similar to the profile 96, this profile 104 being partially embedded in the upper face 106 of the beam 28, so as to extend horizontally and parallel to the plane of the panel 10.

On se réfère maintenant aux figures 7 à 9 pour décrire plus en détail les moyens de fixation 94.Reference is now made to FIGS. 7 to 9 to describe the fixing means 94 in more detail.

Le corps 100 de la patte de maintien 98 est de forme allongée plate présentant une face inférieure lisse généralement rectangulaire 108 et une face opposée 110 qui est indentée sur une partie de sa longueur pour former une crémaillère 112 dont les dents s'étendent perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale du corps 100 de la patte 98. Le corps 100 comprend en outre un trou oblong 114 qui s'étend dans la direction longitudinale du corps 100 et qui débouche d'une part dans la face 110 et d'autre part dans la face 108. La tête 102 est rattachée au corps 100 par une partie cylindrique 116 dont l'axe s'étend dans la direction longitudinale du corps 100.The body 100 of the retaining tab 98 is of flat elongated shape having a generally rectangular smooth underside 108 and an opposite face 110 which is indented over part of its length to form a rack 112 whose teeth extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body 100 of the tab 98. The body 100 further comprises an oblong hole 114 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the body 100 and which opens on the one hand into the face 110 and on the other hand into the face 108. The head 102 is attached to the body 100 by a cylindrical part 116 whose axis extends in the longitudinal direction of the body 100.

Comme montré à la figure 9, la tête 102 a la forme générale d'un rectangle dont la largeur correspond sensiblement au diamètre de la partie cylindrique 116 et dont la longueur correspond sensiblement au double de la largeur. Cette tête présente deux coins 118 et 120 diamétralement opposés et deux parties arrondies 122 et 124 diamétralement opposées.As shown in FIG. 9, the head 102 has the general shape of a rectangle whose width corresponds substantially to the diameter of the cylindrical part 116 and whose length corresponds substantially to twice the width. This head has two diametrically opposite corners 118 and 120 and two diametrically opposite rounded parts 122 and 124.

La crémaillère 112 de la patte 98 est propre à coopérer avec la crémaillère correspondante 126 d'un bloc 128 maintenu dans le profilé 104 de la poutre 28 par un boulon 130 dont la tête 132 est engagée dans le profilé 104 et dont la tige filetée 134 traverse successivement le trou oblong 114 et un passage cylindrique 136 du bloc 128, avant de recevoir un écrou 138. Le profilé 104 a la forme générale d'un U dont les deux branches parallèles sont rabattues pour former deux bords de retenue 140 et 142. Le profilé 96 noyé dans le panneau 10 présente une forme correspondante et permet ainsi de retenir la tête 102 après engagement dans le profilé.The rack 112 of the tab 98 is able to cooperate with the corresponding rack 126 of a block 128 held in the section 104 of the beam 28 by a bolt 130 whose head 132 is engaged in the section 104 and whose threaded rod 134 successively crosses the oblong hole 114 and a cylindrical passage 136 of the block 128, before receiving a nut 138. The profile 104 has the general shape of a U whose two parallel branches are folded down to form two edges of retaining 140 and 142. The section 96 embedded in the panel 10 has a corresponding shape and thus allows to retain the head 102 after engagement in the section.

Pour assurer le réglage en position du panneau grâce aux moyens 94 précités, on engage la tête 102 de la patte 98 en sorte que les grands côtés 144 et 146 de la tête (figure 9) soient parallèles à la direction du profilé. Après engagement de la tête au fond du profilé, il suffit de la faire tourner d'un quart de tour de manière que celle-ci soit retenue par les bords d'entrée du profilé. Cette opération terminée, on engage la tête 132 de la vis 130 dans le profilé 104, on introduit la tige filetée 134 dans le trou oblong 114 de la patte 98 et on met ensuite en place le bloc 128 et l'écrou 138. On règle ensuite en position convenable puis on serre le boulon 138. Il est à noter que, même si la poutre 28 fléchit, la fixation du panneau est toujours assurée, la tête 102 pouvant coulisser librement dans le profilé, sans que le poids de la poutre soit repris par le panneau.To ensure the adjustment in position of the panel using the aforementioned means 94, the head 102 of the tab 98 is engaged so that the long sides 144 and 146 of the head (FIG. 9) are parallel to the direction of the profile. After engagement of the head at the bottom of the profile, it suffices to turn it a quarter of a turn so that it is retained by the entry edges of the profile. Once this operation has been completed, the head 132 of the screw 130 is engaged in the profile 104, the threaded rod 134 is introduced into the oblong hole 114 of the tab 98 and then the block 128 and the nut 138 are put in place. then in a suitable position and then the bolt 138 is tightened. It should be noted that, even if the beam 28 flexes, the panel is still fixed, the head 102 being able to slide freely in the profile, without the weight of the beam being taken up by the panel.

En général, il suffit de prévoir deux profilés 96 par panneau, ces profilés étant situés à proximité immédiate des rives longitudinales 18 et 20.In general, it suffices to provide two profiles 96 per panel, these profiles being located in the immediate vicinity of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 10. Dans ce cas particulier, il s'agit de fixer le panneau 10 sur une poutre métallique 148 en forme de I. Le corps 100 de la patte de maintien comprend un goujon fileté 150 propre à recevoir un écrou 152 et une rondelle 154 pour le serrage d'une bride 156 présentant un trou oblong 158. Grâce à cette bride on peut assurer le réglage provisoire de la position de la patte de maintien 98 sur l'aile supérieure 160 de la poutre en I 148. Lorsque tous les panneaux auront été réglés en position voulue, il suffit ensuite de souder le corps 100 de la patte 98 par des lignes de soudure 162 et d'enlever ultérieurement la bride 156 qui peut servir à d'autres utilisations.Referring now to Figure 10. In this particular case, it is to fix the panel 10 on a metal beam 148 in the form of I. The body 100 of the retaining tab comprises a threaded stud 150 adapted to receive a nut 152 and a washer 154 for tightening a flange 156 having an oblong hole 158. With this flange it is possible to temporarily adjust the position of the retaining tab 98 on the upper wing 160 of the I-beam 148. When all the panels have been adjusted to the desired position, it then suffices to weld the body 100 of the tab 98 by weld lines 162 and subsequently remove the flange 156 which can be used for other uses.

On se réfère maintenant aux figures 11 et 12. Le panneau 10 comprend deux profilés de guidage 96, tels que décrits précédemment, chacun de ces profilés comprenant un premier jeu de deux pattes parallèles 164 et 166 et un deuxième jeu de deux pattes parallèles 166 et 168. Les pattes de chaque jeu présentent des trous respectifs alignés pour l'introduction d'une barre 172, respectivement 174, venant passer transversalement derrière au moins une des armatures de précontrainte de la plaque interne 12 en béton. De la sorte, on est sûr que les profilés 96 ne peuvent s'arracher de la structure, ces derniers étant ancrés dans les armatures de précontrainte.Referring now to Figures 11 and 12. The panel 10 comprises two guide profiles 96, as described above, each of these profiles comprising a first set of two parallel legs 164 and 166 and a second set of two parallel legs 166 and 168. The legs of each set have respective holes aligned for the introduction of a bar 172, respectively 174, coming to pass transversely behind at least one of the prestressing reinforcements of the internal plate 12 of concrete. In this way, it is certain that the profiles 96 cannot be torn away from the structure, the latter being anchored in the prestressing reinforcements.

Comme le montre la figure 12, des éléments 176 en forme d'épingle, réalisés en acier inoxydable, sont insérés de place en place et transversalement dans l'épaisseur du panneau 10. Ces éléments traversent l'épaisseur de la plaque 16 en matériau isolant et ont une partie noyée dans la plaque interne 12 en béton armé et une autre partie noyée dans la plaque externe 14. La longueur de ces éléments en forme d'épingle est inférieure à l'épaisseur totale du panneau, de manière à ne pas faire saillie de part et d'autre de celui-ci. Ces éléments sont destinés à maintenir constant l'écartement entre les plaques 12 et 14.As shown in FIG. 12, elements 176 in the form of a pin, made of stainless steel, are inserted from place to place and transversely in the thickness of the panel 10. These elements pass through the thickness of the plate 16 of insulating material and have a part embedded in the internal plate 12 of reinforced concrete and another part embedded in the external plate 14. The length of these pin-shaped elements is less than the total thickness of the panel, so as not to make protrusion on either side of it. These elements are intended to keep the spacing between the plates 12 and 14 constant.

On décrira maintenant, en référence aux figures 11, 12 et 13, la structure générale du renfort d'about 74 noyé dans la partie supérieure du panneau. Le renfort 74 comprend quatre fers en U 178 constitués chacun de deux branches parallèles 180 et 182 reliées entre elles par une branche coudée 184, les branches 180 et 182 étant noyées respectivement dans les deux plaques en béton 12 et 14 en s'étendant parallèlement aux armatures de précontrainte 30, 32 et la branche coudée 184 étant noyée dans la zone bétonnée 40 raccordant les deux plaques en béton 12 et 14.We will now describe, with reference to Figures 11, 12 and 13, the general structure of the buttress reinforcement 74 embedded in the upper part of the panel. The reinforcement 74 comprises four U-shaped irons 178 each consisting of two parallel branches 180 and 182 connected together by a bent branch 184, the branches 180 and 182 being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates 12 and 14 extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements 30, 32 and the bent branch 184 being embedded in the concrete area 40 connecting the two concrete plates 12 and 14.

La branche 180 de chacun des fers en U 178 est fixée à un treillis propre à être noyé dans l'une des deux plaques en béton, à savoir dans la plaque interne 12. Ce treillis est constitué par des fers 186 disposés parallèlement entre eux et dont la longueur est légèrement inférieure à la largeur du panneau. (figures 11 et 13). Le treillis ainsi constitué est propre à être disposé sur les câbles de précontrainte 30 et être assujetti à ces câbles par tous moyens appropriés.The branch 180 of each of the U-shaped irons 178 is fixed to a trellis suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates, namely in the internal plate 12. This trellis is constituted by irons 186 arranged parallel to each other and whose length is slightly less than the width of the panel. (Figures 11 and 13). The trellis thus formed is suitable for being placed on the prestressing cables 30 and being subject to these cables by any suitable means.

Comme montré aux figures 11 et 13, le renfort 74 comprend en outre deux ensembles 188 d'armatures de liaison comprenant chacun un élément 190 en forme de sinusoïde reliés respectivement à une barre 192 et une autre barre 194 superposées verticalement. La barre 192 est propre à être disposée suivant la longueur du panneau et être assujettie aux différents fers 186. Les autres branches 182 des fers en U 178 et les deux barres 194 des armatures 188 sont propres à recevoir ultérieurement un deuxième treillis destiné à être noyé dans la plaque externe 14 en béton. Ce treillis comprend notamment des barres 196 qui s'étendent transversalement à la longueur du panneau, c'est-à-dire parallèlement aux barres 186. Ces barres 196 viennent reposer sur les armatures de précontrainte 32 noyées dans la plaque 14.As shown in FIGS. 11 and 13, the reinforcement 74 further comprises two sets 188 of connecting reinforcements each comprising an element 190 in the form of a sinusoid connected respectively to a bar 192 and another bar 194 superimposed vertically. The bar 192 is adapted to be arranged along the length of the panel and to be subject to the various irons 186. The other branches 182 of the U-shaped irons 178 and the two bars 194 of the frames 188 are suitable for subsequently receiving a second trellis intended to be embedded in the external concrete plate 14. This trellis comprises in particular bars 196 which extend transversely to the length of the panel, that is to say parallel to the bars 186. These bars 196 come to rest on the prestressing frames 32 embedded in the plate 14.

La branche coudée 184 de chacun des fers en U 178 est soudée à un fer plat 195 sur lequel est soudé un élément 197 en forme de sinusoïde (figures 11 et 13). Le fer 195 et l'élément 197 s'étendent sur pratiquement toute la largeur du panneau et sont noyés dans la zone bétonnée 40.The bent branch 184 of each of the U-shaped irons 178 is welded to a flat iron 195 on which is welded an element 197 in the form of a sinusoid (FIGS. 11 and 13). The iron 195 and the element 197 extend over practically the entire width of the panel and are embedded in the concrete zone 40.

Ils contribuent ainsi au renfort de l'about inférieur dans la région du profil en V renversé qui est particulièrement solicitée. Dans le cas de la figure 11, le profil 78 est défini par deux faces en gradin.They thus contribute to the reinforcement of the lower end in the region of the inverted V profile which is particularly solicited. In the case of FIG. 11, the profile 78 is defined by two stepped faces.

Le renfort 74 destiné à renforcer l'about supérieur est réalisé pratiquement de la même façon que le renfort d'about 76. Dans ce cas particulier, le renfort sert au maintien de blocs d'ancrage 198 (figure 11) destinés à permettre le levage du panneau 10 au moyen d'un palonnier approprié.The reinforcement 74 intended to reinforce the upper end piece is produced practically in the same way as the end reinforcement 76. In this particular case, the reinforcement is used to hold anchor blocks 198 (FIG. 11) intended to allow lifting. of panel 10 by means of a suitable lifting beam.

Entre les deux renforts d'about 74 et 76 peut être prévu un renfort intermédiaire (non représenté) propre à s'étendre sur une partie de la longueur du panneau entre les deux abouts. Un tel renfort est constitué avantageusement par deux treillis parallèles propres à être noyés respectivement dans les deux plaques 12 et 14 en béton et à être reliés ensemble par des armatures de liaison analogues aux armatures 188 décrites précédemment.Between the two end reinforcements 74 and 76 can be provided an intermediate reinforcement (not shown) adapted to extend over a part of the length of the panel between the two ends. Such a reinforcement advantageously consists of two parallel trellises suitable for being embedded respectively in the two plates 12 and 14 of concrete and for being connected together by connecting reinforcements similar to the reinforcements 188 described above.

Comme on peut le constater en particulier sur la figure 13, les armatures 188 du renfort d'about 74 s'étendent parallèlement aux rives longitudinales du panneau et à distance de celles-ci, la distance séparant les deux armatures 188 étant inférieure à la largeur du panneau. Etant donné que la plaque d'isolant 16 s'étend sur toute la largeur du panneau, il est nécessaire de prévoir des découpes appropriées dans cette plaque d'isolant pour offrir un passage aux deux armatures 188.As can be seen in particular in FIG. 13, the frames 188 of the end reinforcement 74 extend parallel to the longitudinal edges of the panel and at a distance therefrom, the distance separating the two frames 188 being less than the width of the panel. Since the insulating plate 16 extends over the entire width of the panel, it is necessary to provide suitable cutouts in this insulating plate to provide a passage for the two frames 188.

Comme montré à la figure 14, une solution possible consiste à découper la plaque d'isolant en plusieurs tronçons, à savoir un tronçon 161 entre l'emplacement de la rive 18 et l'une des armatures 188, un tronçon 162 entre les deux armatures 188, un tronçon 163 entre l'autre armature 188 et l'emplacement de la rive 20, et un tronçon 164 s'étendant sur la longueur intermédiaire entre les deux abouts. Dans la région de l'autre about, la plaque 16 pourra être découpée de façon correspondante pour le renfort d'about 76.As shown in FIG. 14, a possible solution consists in cutting the insulating plate into several sections, namely a section 161 between the location of the edge 18 and one of the frames 188, a section 162 between the two frames 188, a section 163 between the other reinforcement 188 and the location of the edge 20, and a section 164 extending over the intermediate length between the two ends. In the region of the other abutment, the plate 16 can be cut correspondingly for the buttress reinforcement 76.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 15, la plaque 16 en matériau isolant, au lieu d'être découpée en plusieurs tronçons, est simplement entaillé de manière à ménager deux évidements parallèles 200 dont l'espacement correspond à celui des deux armatures 188.In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the plate 16 of insulating material, instead of being cut into several sections, is simply notched so as to provide two parallel recesses 200 whose spacing corresponds to that of the two frames 188.

Les panneaux sandwich de l'invention peuvent être fabriqués à l'aide d'installations connues destinées à la fabrication d'éléments en béton armé et en particulier d'éléments en béton précontraint.The sandwich panels of the invention can be manufactured using known installations intended for the manufacture of reinforced concrete elements and in particular of prestressed concrete elements.

Une installation particulièrement appropriée à cet effet est celle décrite dans la demande de brevet français n° 85.04947 déposée le 1er avril 1985 au nom de la demanderesse (FR-A-2.579.512). Une telle installation comprend un banc comportant une aire de fabrication horizontale et des moyens de mise en tension et/ou de relachement d'armatures de précontrainte. Cette installation connue peut s'étendre sur une longueur de plusieurs dizaines de mètres, par exemple de l'ordre de 100 mètres et sur une largeur qui est généralement comprise entre 2,50 mètres et 3 mètres. Elle convient donc particulièrement à la fabrication simultanée de plusieurs panneaux sandwich sur l'aire de fabrication du banc.A particularly suitable installation for this purpose is that described in French patent application No. 85.04947 filed on April 1, 1985 in the name of the applicant (FR-A-2,579,512). Such an installation comprises a bench comprising a horizontal manufacturing area and means for tensioning and / or releasing prestressing reinforcements. This known installation can extend over a length of several tens of meters, for example of the order of 100 meters and over a width which is generally between 2.50 meters and 3 meters. It is therefore particularly suitable for the simultaneous manufacture of several sandwich panels on the manufacturing area of the bench.

Le cas échéant, la largeur de l'aire de fabrication du banc pourra être diminuée pour s'adapter à la largeur de panneaux standard, celle-ci pouvant être de l'ordre de 1,20 mètre.If necessary, the width of the manufacturing area of the bench can be reduced to adapt to the width of standard panels, which can be of the order of 1.20 meters.

Pour la fabrication de panneaux sandwich conforme à l'invention, on commence par tendre, au-dessus de l'aire de fabrication et dans la direction longitudinale de celle-ci, un ensemble de câbles constituant les armatures de précontrainte 30. On dispose ensuite sur ces armatures, le cas échéant, les renforts d'about 74 et 76 et éventuellement le renfort intermédiaire. On dispose aussi sur le fond de l'aire de fabrication les profilés de guidage 96 et on insère ensuite les barres 172 et 174 de manière que ces profilés soient assujettis aux armatures de précontrainte 30. On coule ensuite une première épaisseur de béton correspondant à l'épaisseur de la plaque interne 12. Le béton étant encore frais, on met en place la plaque 16 en matériau isolant après l'avoir découpée, le cas échéant, comme montré précédemment en référence aux figures 14 et 15. On vibre cette plaque 16 de manière que le béton vienne pénétrer dans les empreintes de la plaque.For the manufacture of sandwich panels according to the invention, one begins by stretching, above the manufacturing area and in the longitudinal direction thereof, a set of cables constituting the prestressing reinforcements 30. It then has on these frames, if necessary, the end reinforcements 74 and 76 and possibly the intermediate reinforcement. We also have on the bottom from the manufacturing area the guide profiles 96 and then the bars 172 and 174 are inserted so that these profiles are subject to the prestressing reinforcements 30. A first thickness of concrete is then poured corresponding to the thickness of the internal plate 12. As the concrete is still fresh, the plate 16 of insulating material is put in place after having cut it, if necessary, as shown previously with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. This plate 16 is vibrated so that the concrete comes penetrate the imprints of the plate.

On dispose ensuite une deuxième nappe de câbles parallèles destinée à former les armatures de précontrainte 32. Dans le cas où on a utilisé des renforts d'about et éventuellement un renfort intermédiaire, on dispose les différents treillis destinés à être noyés dans la deuxième plaque en béton. Ensuite, on met en place les épingles 176 de manière qu'elles traversent l'épaisseur de la plaque 16 et qu'elles viennent se noyer dans l'épaisseur de la nappe en béton qui a été coulée. Ensuite, on procède à la coulée d'une deuxième nappe de béton destinée à former la plaque externe 14. Cette nappe vient également former les zones bétonnées 38 et 40 assurant la liaison des plaques 12 et 14. Etant donné que le béton de la première nappe est encore frais, le béton formant la deuxième nappe vient se lier intimement avec le béton de la première nappe. On procède alors à la finition de la face externe 36 de la plaque externe 14. Cette finition peut consister simplement en un lissage du béton ou bien en un traitement de cette surface pour lui donner un aspect particulier.There is then a second ply of parallel cables intended to form the prestressing reinforcements 32. In the case where end reinforcements and possibly an intermediate reinforcement have been used, the various trellises intended to be embedded in the second plate are arranged. concrete. Then, the pins 176 are put in place so that they pass through the thickness of the plate 16 and that they come to drown in the thickness of the concrete sheet which has been poured. Then, a second layer of concrete intended to form the external plate 14 is poured. This layer also forms the concrete zones 38 and 40 ensuring the connection of the plates 12 and 14. Since the concrete of the first layer is still fresh, the concrete forming the second layer is bound intimately with the concrete of the first layer. We then proceed to finish the outer face 36 of the outer plate 14. This finish may simply consist of smoothing the concrete or else treating this surface to give it a particular appearance.

Il entre également dans le cadre de l'invention de prévoir un revêtement supplémentaire appliqué soit lors de la fabrication du panneau, soit au cours d'une phase ultérieure.It is also within the scope of the invention to provide an additional coating applied either during the manufacture of the panel, or during a subsequent phase.

Ensuite, on procède au durcissement du panneau, par exemple par étuvage. Lorsque le béton du panneau est sec, on relache la tension des armatures de précontrainte et on cisaille ces armatures au niveau des rives transversales 24 et 26.Next, the panel is hardened, for example by steaming. When the concrete of the panel is dry, we release the tension of the prestressing reinforcements and these reinforcements are sheared at the level of the transverse edges 24 and 26.

Les panneaux de l'invention peuvent être fabriqués aux dimensions choisies et peuvent comporter, le cas échéant, des découpes internes, par exemple pour permettre la mise en place ultérieure de menuiserie.The panels of the invention can be manufactured to the chosen dimensions and can include, if necessary, internal cutouts, for example to allow subsequent installation of carpentry.

Claims (17)

1. A building panel, in particular a cladding panel, comprising an inside plate (12) of prestressed concrete, an outside plate (14) of prestressed concrete, each of said two concrete plates being provided with longitudinal prestressing reinforcement (30, 32), said two plates sandwiching a plate of thermally insulating material (16), said panel including two longitudinal edges (18, 20) parallel to the prestressing reinforcement and arranged to provide tongue and groove interfitting between two adjacent panels, and two transverse edges (22, 24) constituting butt ends of the panel, the panel being characterized in that the inside and outside plates (12, 14) are interconnected by concreted zones (38, 40) solely in the vicinity of the two butt ends, and in that the plate of insulating material (16) extends over the entire width of the panel between its two longitudinal edges (18, 20) without creating a thermal bridge between the two concrete plates.
2. A building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the longitudinal edges (20) includes a tongue delimited by two coplanar inlet edges (50, 52) connected to a plane end wall (54) by means of two sloping walls (56, 58) forming an acute angle between each other, with the plate (16) of insulating material opening out into the plane end wall (54), and in that the other longitudinal edge (22) includes a groove delimited by two coplanar inlet edges (60, 62) connected to a plane bottom wall (64) via two sloping walls (66, 68) forming an acute angle between each other, the plate (16) of insulating material opening out into the bottom wall (64), the value of the angle delimited by the sloping walls (66, 68) of the tongue being smaller than the value of the angle delimited by the sloping walls (66, 68) of the groove, thereby enabling two adjacent panels to be centered laterally by means of their longitudinal edges.
3. A building panel according to claim 2, characterized in that the projecting thickness of the tongue is greater than the depth of the groove, thereby enabling an empty space to be left between an inlet edge (52) of a tongue and the corresponding inlet edge (62) of a groove in two adjacent panels for receiving a sealing member (70, 72) between the above-mentioned inlet edges.
4. A building panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further includes two butt end reinforcements (74, 76) embedded in respective ones of the two butt ends, each reinforcement comprising U-shaped bars (178) each constituted by two parallel branches (180, 182) interconnected by a curved branch (184), the two branches being embedded in respective ones of the two concrete plates and extending parallel to the prestress reinforcement, and the curved branch being embedded in the concreted zone (38, 40) interconnecting the two concrete plates.
5. A building panel according to claim 4, characterized in that one of the parallel branches (180) of each U-shaped bar is fixed to a mesh (186) suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates (12), and in that the other branch (182) of each U-shaped bar is suitable for being connected to another mesh (196) suitable for being embedded in the other concrete plate (14), the two meshes being interconnected by connecting rods extending parallel to the prestressed reinforcement.
6. A panel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in addition to the two butt end reinforcements (74, 76) it includes an intermediate reinforcement suitable for extending over a portion of the length of the panel between the two ends.
7. A panel according to claim 6, characterized in that the intermediate reinforcement comprises two parallel meshes suitable for being embedded in respective ones of the two concrete plates (12, 14) and interconnected by connection bars.
8. A panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that hairpin-shaped elements (176) are inserted from point to point through the thickness of the panel (10), said elements passing through the thickness of the plate (16) of insulating material and each having one portion embedded in the inside concrete plate (12) and another portion embedded in the outside concrete plate (14).
9. A panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plate of insulating material has two large faces (42, 44) possessing indentations, e.g. recesses (46, 48) for facilitating adherence to the concrete of the inside plate (12) and of the outside plate (14) and for preventing relative slip between the two concrete plates.
10. A panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, intended to be disposed vertically and comprising a bottom butt end and a top butt end, the panel being characterized in that the bottom butt end includes an upsidedown V profile (78) enabling it to be positioned on an angle bar (80) of upsidedown V profile constituting a portion of a longitudinal beam of the substructure of a building.
11. A panel according to claim 10, characterized in that the bottom butt end includes a butt end reinforcement as defined in claim 4 in which the curved branch (184) of each U-shaped bar (178) is welded to a flat bar (195) onto which a sinusoidally shaped element (197) is welded.
12. A panel according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that adjustable fixing means (94) are provided for fixing the panel (10) in the region of its top butt end to a horizontal beam (28, 148) of a building.
13. A panel according to claim 12, characterized in that the fixing means (94) comprise at least one guide section bar (96) embedded vertically in the inside concrete plate (12) and opening out to the outside, and a holding tab (98) comprising a body (100) suitable for being fixed horizontally and adjustably on said horizontal beam (28, 148) and a head (102) suitable for sliding inside the section bar while being retained therein.
14. A panel according to claim 13, caracterized in that the guide section bar (96) comprises two sets of two parallel tabs (164, 166, 168, 170) having respective holes in alignment for receiving a bar (172, 174) extending transversely behind at least one prestress reinforcement (30) of the inside concrete plate (12).
15. A panel according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the body (100) of the holding tab (98) is flat and elongate in shape and includes an oblong hole (114) and a serrations (112) whose teeth extend perpendicularly to the long direction of the oblong hole, the serrations (112) of the tab (98) being suitable for co-operating with corresponding serrations (126) on a block (128) held on the beam by a bolt (130) passing through the oblong hole of the tab.
16. A panel according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the body (98) of the holding tab (94) is suitable for being welded to a horizontal metal beam (148).
17. A panel according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the top butt end includes at least one embedded anchor block (198) for fixing to a hoist for the panel.
EP88400440A 1987-03-31 1988-02-25 Structural element, especially a facing element with integrated insulation Expired - Lifetime EP0285465B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400440T ATE62965T1 (en) 1987-03-31 1988-02-25 CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR PANELING ELEMENT WITH INTEGRATED THERMAL INSULATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8704518 1987-03-31
FR8704518A FR2620153B1 (en) 1987-03-31 1987-03-31 CONSTRUCTION PANEL, ESPECIALLY CLADDING PANEL, WITH INTEGRATED THERMAL INSULATION

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EP0285465A1 EP0285465A1 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0285465B1 true EP0285465B1 (en) 1991-04-24

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EP (1) EP0285465B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE62965T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3862495D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2022645B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2620153B1 (en)
RU (1) RU1838543C (en)

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EP4206411A1 (en) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-05 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki - Elke Prefabricated composite structural wall system and method of assembly and manufacturing thereof

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ES2020038A6 (en) * 1989-12-19 1991-07-16 Baldira Batle Juan Prefabricated panel for the construction of controlled fragility walls.
FR2661702A1 (en) * 1990-05-04 1991-11-08 Beaupere Gerard Prefabricated panel made of insulation concrete, method for its manufacture, and wall of building formed by such panels
FR2681357A1 (en) * 1991-09-12 1993-03-19 Beaupere Gerard Prefabricated panel with concrete facing, method for manufacturing it and building module formed of such panels
BE1006446A3 (en) * 1992-12-10 1994-08-30 Beyens Paul Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall element for cellars
IT1401821B1 (en) * 2010-09-23 2013-08-28 Baccaro I Cementisti S R L BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF REALIZING THE SAME.
WO2012069868A2 (en) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-31 Terre Armee Internationale Facing element with integrated compressibility
DE102011053468A1 (en) * 2011-09-09 2013-03-14 MAX BÖGL Fertigteilwerke GmbH & Co. KG Support element made of concrete
FR3008115B1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2016-12-09 Camille Jose Pothin PREFABRICATED WALL METHOD WITH INTEGRATED INSULATION
RU2633836C2 (en) * 2015-11-11 2017-10-18 Юрий Михайлович Орлов External wall panel and method of its application
CN112726889A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-30 重庆市臻成建材有限公司 Production method of sound-insulation heat-preservation light wallboard capable of being assembled for construction
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FR1440381A (en) * 1965-06-29 1966-05-27 New prefabricated reinforced cement construction panels
FR1487943A (en) * 1966-07-28 1967-07-07 wall cladding element
FR1508689A (en) * 1967-01-20 1968-01-05 Precast wall element with internal and external reinforced concrete plates and an intermediate insulating layer
FR2535770A1 (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-11 Zonca Denis Method for manufacturing prefabricated panels intended for the building industry.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016101360A1 (en) * 2016-01-26 2017-07-27 OTTO QUAST Bau Aktiengesellschaft Prefabricated part and method for producing a finished part
EP4206411A1 (en) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-05 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki - Elke Prefabricated composite structural wall system and method of assembly and manufacturing thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2620153A1 (en) 1989-03-10
DE3862495D1 (en) 1991-05-29
RU1838543C (en) 1993-08-30
EP0285465A1 (en) 1988-10-05
ATE62965T1 (en) 1991-05-15
FR2620153B1 (en) 1990-01-12
ES2022645B3 (en) 1991-12-01

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