FR2620153A1 - CONSTRUCTION PANEL, ESPECIALLY CLADDING PANEL, WITH INTEGRATED THERMAL INSULATION - Google Patents

Abstract

Structural panel, especially a facing panel, comprising an internal pre-stressed concrete plate (12), an external pre-stressed concrete plate (14), these two plates being each provided with pre-stressed longitudinal reinforcing elements (30, 32) and gripping around, as a sandwich, a plate made of a thermally insulating material (16), this panel comprising two longitudinal edges (18, 20) parallel to the pre-stressed reinforcing elements and two transverse edges constituting the butts of the panel, the internal (12) and external (14) plates being connected together by concreted zones only in the region of the two butts, the plate made of an insulating material extending over the entire width of the panel between the two longitudinal edges (18, 20), the latter being made for providing a mortice-tenon interlocking of the two adjacent panels without creating a thermal bridge.

Description

Construction panel, in particular cladding panel, with insulation

  The invention relates to a building panel, in particular

  a cladding panel, with integrated thermal insulation.

  There are already known panels of this kind which include an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates each being provided with longitudinal prestressing frames and sandwiching a plate of insulating material, for example in expanded polystyrene. Such panels have a generally rectangular shape LO and include two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements

  and two transverse edges which constitute the ends.

  These panels, also called sandwich panels, are intended

  L5 essentially born to constitute either a facade covering of a building, such as an industrial building, or directly a facade wall of such a building. In either case, the panels are arranged so that their longitudinal edges extend vertically? O and that a longitudinal edge of a panel comes into contact

  with a longitudinal edge of an adjacent panel.

  Given their length which often reaches ten

  meters and their weight, these panels are very stressed

  mechanically tees when lifting from a horizontal position

  tale in an upright position, especially during their erection at their final location. Furthermore, when they are in their final position on their location site, these panels undergo different mechanical and thermal stresses, notably due to differences in temperature or sunshine, these

  panels can then tend to bulge.

  To give sufficiently high resistance to these sandwich panels and maintain the mutual spacing of the two concrete plates which enclose the internal insulation, we have so far provided these reinforcement panels

  or heavy, complex and expensive internal reinforcements.

  Furthermore, in most of the solutions known up to now, it has been necessary to provide a concrete connection over the entire periphery of the panel, in particular along the longitudinal edges, which leads to the creation of a thermal bridge between the two concrete slabs and

  also contributes to increasing the weight of the panel.

  Another disadvantage of the sandwich panels known in the prior art lies in the fact that these panels require long and delicate operations for their installation and for the precise adjustment of their position.

  definitive on their site of establishment.

  The object of the invention is in particular to avoid the inconvenience

  known sandwich panels.

  It is, in particular, an object of the invention to provide a sandwich panel of the aforementioned kind which does not entail

creating a thermal bridge.

  It is yet another object of the invention to provide a

  such a sandwich panel which requires a minimum of scrap-

  3 26 20 1t 53 beams and reinforcements, while ensuring good mechanical connection and constant mutual spacing, in all

  circumstances, between the two concrete slabs, without possibility

  ity of relative sliding of these plates.

  It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a panel which can be easily fabricated on a bench.

prestressing.

  L0 It is also another object of the invention to provide such a panel which can be easily and quickly put on.

  in place in its final position on its implantation site

tion.

  L5 To this end, the invention provides a construction panel

  tion, in particular a cladding panel, comprising an internal plate of prestressed concrete, an external plate of prestressed concrete, these two concrete plates being each provided with longitudinal prestressing frames

  and sandwiching a plate of thermal material

  only insulation, for example in expanded polystyrene, this panel comprising two longitudinal edges parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and two transverse edges

constituting the ends of the panel.

  In accordance with the essential characteristic of the invention

  tion, the internal plate and the external plate are interconnected by concrete zones only in the region of the two ends and the insulating material plate W extends over the entire width of the panel between the two longitudinal edges, the latter being arranged to ensure a mortise and tenon fitting between two adjacent panels, without creating a thermal bridge between the two

concrete slabs.

  This gives a lighter sandwich panel than

  panels of the prior art due to the absence of

  this concrete in the region of the longitudinal shores. In addition, when several panels are fitted together by their longitudinal edges, thermal insulation is obtained.

continues without thermal bridge.

  Appropriate thermal insulation can be supplemented, where appropriate, in the concrete areas of the two ends, although such insulation is not necessary in most cases, especially when the panels

are arranged vertically.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, one of the longitudinal edges of the panel comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges forming part of a section of the panel and connected to a flat end wall, into which the insulating material plate, via two inclined walls

  forming an acute angle between them, and the other long bank

  tudinal of the panel comprises a mortise limited by two coplanar entry edges forming part of another edge of the panel and connected to a flat bottom wall, into which the plate of insulating material opens, by means of two inclined walls forming an acute angle between them, the value of the angle limited by the inclined walls of the post being less than the value

  of the angle limited by the inclined walls of the mortise.

  This particular configuration of the tenon and the mortai-

  allows immediate lateral centering

  of two adjacent panels by their longitudinal edges.

  In addition, in the event of a bending of a panel under the effect of heat, the panel thus bent is wedged on the adjacent panel by limiting the offset between the two panels, in the case where the adjacent panel is not

  not itself bulged under the effect of heat.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the height of the tenon is greater than the depth of the mortise, which makes it possible to provide a free space between an entry edge of a tenon and a corresponding entry edge d '' a mortise of two adjacent panels, which allows the installation of a seal

  between the aforementioned entry edges.

  Given the particular configuration of the tenon and the mortise, the depth of the joint bottom is

  predetermined, thus avoiding any installation error.

  In addition, this particular configuration is advantageous 0 in the sense that it prevents any attempted break-in by a tool inserted between the two longitudinal edges.

of two adjacent panels.

  The invention further provides, especially for pan-

  rods of great length, for example of a length greater than about seven meters, that the panel further comprises two end reinforcements embedded respectively in the two ends, each reinforcement comprising U-shaped irons each consisting of two parallel branches 0 connected to each other by a bent branch, the two branches being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates, extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements

  and the bent branch being embedded in the concrete area shortened

stringing the two concrete plates.

  Preferably, one of the parallel branches of the U-shaped irons is fixed to a lattice suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates and the other branch of the U-shaped irons is suitable for being connected to another lattice intended D to be embedded in the other concrete plate, the two trellises being interconnected by connecting reinforcements which

  extend parallel to the prestressing reinforcements.

  According to yet another characteristic of the invention, pin-shaped elements are inserted from place to place and transversely in the thickness of the panel, these elements passing through the thickness of the plate of insulating material and having a part embedded in the internal concrete plate and another part embedded in the external concrete plate. These pin-shaped elements help to keep the concrete slabs in mutual spacing relationship.

  Furthermore, the invention provides that the plate made of material

  insulating line comprises hollow reliefs, for example indentations or transverse grooves on its two large faces so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the external plate and the internal plate, and to prevent

  relative sliding of the two concrete slabs. Fill it up

  wise of these hollow reliefs by the fresh concrete can be

  facilitated by vibration of it.

  The panel of the invention is intended above all to be

  installed vertically, the two ends constituting respective

  a lower end and a higher end. According to a characteristic of the invention, the lower end

  includes an inverted V-profile to allow position-

  nement of this butt on an angle with inverted V profile forming part of a sill of a base intended

to receive the panel.

  The invention further provides for adjustable fixing means.

  to fix the panel in the region of its butt

  higher than a horizontal beam of a building.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, these fixing means comprise at least one guide profile embedded vertically in the internal concrete plate and opening onto the outside, as well as a tab

  holding device comprising a body suitable for being fixed horizontally

  adjustable and adjustable on the horizontal beam of the building and a clean head to slide inside

  of the profile while being retained by it.

  In the following description, made only as

  example, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure i is an elevational view of a panel interposed between two identical adjacent panels, shown in phantom lines; - Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;

  - Figure 3 shows, on a larger scale, the assembly

  tenon-mortise joint of two longitudinal banks

with two adjacent panels;

  - Figure 4 is a sectional view along line IV-

  IV of Figure 1; - Figure 5 shows, in section, the fixing of the lower end of a panel on a sill;

  - Figure 6 is a partial perspective view my-

  trating the fixing of the two upper butt ends of two adjacent panels on a horizontal concrete beam;

  - Figure 7 is a top view of a hand tab -

  of the fixing device of Figure 6; - Figure 8 is a side view of this retaining tab and the other fixing means associated therewith; - Figure 9 is an end view of the retaining tab of Figure 7; - Figure 10 is a view similar to that of Figure

  6 in which the means for fixing the end caps

  laughers are suitable for an I-shaped metal beam;

8 2620153

  - Figure 11 is a vertical sectional view along

  nale of a panel; - Figure 12 is a sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 11; - Figure 13 is a perspective view of a buttress reinforcement for a lower panel end;

  - Figure 14 is a top view showing schematically-

  ment the placement of the insulating plate in the region of a butt; Figure 15 is a view similar to that of Figure

  14, in another embodiment.

  We first refer to Figures 1 and 2 which show a

  construction panel 10 of generally rectangular form

  the space arranged vertically between two adjacent panels 10-a and 10-b identical to the panel 10 and shown in phantom lines. The panel 10 comprises an internal plate 12 of prestressed concrete and an external plate 14 of prestressed concrete which sandwich a plate 16 of thermally insulating material such as expanded polystyrene (FIG. 2). The panel 10 comprises two parallel longitudinal edges 18 and 20 which extend vertically in

  the erection position of the panel and two transverse banks

  dirty 22 and 24 parallel to each other, the panel having the general shape of a rectangle bounded by the banks

  18, 20, 22 and 24. Banks 22 and 24 respectively constitute

  the lower and upper ends of the panel 10, this resting by its lower end on a sill

  26 in concrete forming part of the base of a building.

  In the upper end region, sign 10 is

  fixed on a horizontal beam 28 forming part of the bone

  saturates the building. For example, the panel 10 can have a width of about 1.20 meters between the banks 18 and 20 and a height of up to 10 meters

9 2620153

  between banks 22 and 24. Concrete slabs 12 and 14

  may be, for example, 5 cm thick

  very and the plate 16 in polystyrene a thickness included

between 5 and 10 centimeters.

  The plate 12 incorporates longitudinal prestressing reinforcements 30 constituted by cables extending parallel to the direction of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20, these cables being embedded in the median plane of the plate 12. Correspondingly, the external plate 14 comprises longitudinal prestressing frames 32 constituted by cables 32 extending parallel to the edges 18 and 20 and embedded in the median plane of the plate 14. In the example, the internal plate 12, which is intended to be located on the side inside the building, has a smooth surface 34 which may have come directly from the molding of the horizontal molding area of a prestressing bench. The external plate 14, which is intended to be oriented towards the outside, comprises an external surface 36 which, in the example, is formed of a coating

  striated applied to plate 14 either during its manufacture

  tion, or at a later stage. Of course, the coating could be applied to the internal plate of the panel or even both to the internal plate and to the external plate.

  As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the longitudi-

  panels 18 and 20 of panel 10 are arranged to ensure

  a tenon-mortise fitting between two adjacent panels.

  0 Figure 3 shows how the edge 20 of the panel 10, which

  tenon shape, is assembled in bank 18, forming mortai-

  se, of the panel 10-b identical to the panel 10. The plate 16 of expanded polystyrene is a rectangular plate which extends over the entire width of the panel 10 so as to lead both into the edge of the edge 18 and into the edge of shore 20, plates 34 and 36 not being

  connected by concrete at banks 18 and 20.

  However, as shown in Figure 4, the plates 12 and 14 are interconnected by concrete zones

  38 and 40 extending over the entire width of the respective panel

  in the upper butt region and in the lower butt region. As shown in FIG. 3, the plate 16 made of insulating material comprises two large rectangular parallel faces 42 and 44 which are respectively in contact with the plate 12 and with the plate 14. The faces 42 and 44 respectively have recessed reliefs formed by footprints 46, 48 distributed regularly on the faces in question so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the plate 12 and the concrete of the plate 14. This prevents relative sliding of the two plates 12 and 14

one in relation to the other.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the longitudinal edge 20 comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges 50 and 52 connected to a flat end wall 54, into which the plate 16 opens, by means of two inclined walls 56 and 58 forming an acute angle between them. The edge 18 comprises a mortise limited by two coplanar entry edges 60 and 62 connected to a flat bottom wall 64, into which the plate opens.

  insulating material, via two inclined walls

  born 66 and 68 forming an acute angle between them. The value of the acute angle limited by the inclined walls 56 and 58 which form a truncated dihedral is less than the value of the acute angle limited by the inclined walls 66 and 68 which also form a truncated dihedral, this to allow centering side of two adjacent panels

by their longitudinal banks.

  Furthermore, the height of the tenon, as defined by the distance between the plane of the edges 50 and 52 and the plane of the face 54 is greater than the depth of the mortise,

26Z0153

  as defined by the distance between the plane of the inlet edges 60 and 62 and that of the bottom wall 64. This allows a free space to be created between the facing edges 52 and 62 and the facing edges 50 and 60 when two adjacent panels are fitted together, as shown in Figure 3. This allows space between the joints

  52 and 62, for example, to set up a seal

  cheerfulness. In the example of FIG. 3, this joint is constituted

  killed by a joint bottom 70, such as a foam tape, 0 which is engaged in the intermediate space between the entry edges 52 and 62, and a suitable sealant 72

  which is applied after the bottom of the joint is in place.

  Given the presence of the inclined wall 58, the depth of the intermediate space receiving the seal is predetermined, which automatically avoids errors in fitting the seal bottom 70. It should also be noted

  that, taking into account the mortise-tenon shape of the assembly

  blocking, it is impossible to introduce a break-in tool into the intermediate space provided between the entry edges

) 52 and 62.

  Referring again to Figure 4. As shown in this figure, the longitudinal reinforcements 30 and 32 embedded respectively in the plates 12 and 14 extend over the entire length thereof and lead on the one hand to the shore 24 and on the other hand on the shore 22. In the region of the buttresses are respectively drilled end reinforcements generally designated by the references 74 and 76, these reinforcements having the aim of reinforcing the connection between the plates 12 and 14, especially in the case where the panel 10 is relatively long, that is to say of a

  length of at least about 7 meters.

  The lower end forms an inverted V profile 78 which extends parallel to the edge 22 and which opens into the edge thereof to thus define a groove of

  guidance to allow positioning of the lower end

  laughing on the sill 26. The latter also comprises an angle 80 with inverted V profile which is arranged horizontally on the sill 26 to cooperate with the aforementioned profile 78. The angle 80 is welded by the

  end edges of its two wings on a metal plate-

  lique 82 which is itself welded on several U-shaped irons 84 (FIG. 5). The assembly formed by the angle iron, the plate 82 and the U-shaped irons 84 is thus embedded in the concrete of the sill 26 and adjusted so that the angle iron 80 is precisely horizontal. It is indeed this angle which will be used to adjust the alignment of the panel in its lower part. When setting up

  from the lower end on the sill 26, we will first have

  ble deposited a layer of mortar 86 on top of the sill, on either side of the angle iron 80, so that, under the effect of the weight of the panel 10, this mortar flows inwards and towards the outside by providing a

support bed for the panel.

  If necessary, a wedge 88 can be interposed between the bottom of the profile 78 and the top of the angle iron 80 to adjust the verticality of the panel if necessary.

(figure 5).

  Subsequently, an insulating gasket 90 can be put in place in a gap formed between the face 34 of the

  plate 12 and a concrete slab 92 inside the building

  ment, in the region opposite the concrete zone 40

  which is not thermally insulated.

  Referring now to Figures 4 and 6 which show the attachment of a panel 10 to the beam 28 by adjustable fastening means, generally designated by the reference 94. These fastening means comprise at least one guide profile 96 vertically embedded in the internal plate 12 and opening onto the external face 34 of the latter, the profile 96 extending parallel to the direction of the longitudinal edges 18 and 20. These connecting means further comprise a retaining tab

  98 comprising a body 100 suitable for being fixed horizontally-

  ment and adjustable on the beam 28 and a head 102 capable of sliding inside the profile 96, while being retained by the latter. The retaining tab 98 is fixed to the beam 28 by means of a guide profile 104 similar to the profile 96, this profile 104 being partially embedded in the upper face 106 of the

  beam 28, so as to extend horizontally and parallel

along the plane of the panel 10.

  We now refer to Figures 7 to 9 to describe

  in more detail the fixing means 94.

  The body 100 of the retaining tab 98 has an elongated shape.

  flat gée having a generally rectangular smooth underside 108 and an opposite face 110 which is indented over part of its length to form a rack 112 whose teeth extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body 100 of the tab 98. Le) body 100 further comprises an oblong hole 114 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the body 100 and which opens on the one hand into the face 110 and on the other hand into the face 108. The head 102 is attached to the body 100 by a part

  cylindrical 116 whose axis extends in the longitudinal direction

body dinal 100.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the head 102 has the general form

  line of a rectangle whose width corresponds appreciable-

  ment to the diameter of the cylindrical part 116 and of which

  ) the length is approximately twice the width.

  This head has two diametrically opposite corners 118 and 120 and two diametrically opposite rounded parts 122 and 124. The rack 112 of the tab 98 is able to cooperate

  with the corresponding rack 126 of a block 128 main-

  held in the profile 104 of the beam 28 by a bolt whose head 132 is engaged in the profile 104 and whose threaded rod 134 successively passes through the oblong hole 114 and a cylindrical passage 136 of the block 128, before receiving a nut 138. The profile 104 has the general shape of a U, the two parallel branches of which are folded down to form two retaining edges 140 and 142. The profile 96 embedded in the panel 10 has a corresponding shape and thus makes it possible to retain the head 102

after engagement in the profile.

  To ensure the adjustment in position of the panel using the means 94 above, the head 102 of the tab 98 is engaged so that the long sides 144 and 146 of the head

  (Figure 9) are parallel to the direction of the profile.

  After engagement of the head at the bottom of the profile, it suffices to turn it a quarter of a turn so that

  this is retained by the entry edges of the profile.

  Once this operation has been completed, the head 132 of the screw 130 is engaged in the profile 104, the threaded rod 134 is introduced into the oblong hole 114 of the tab 98 and then the block 128 and the nut 138 are put in place. then in a suitable position then the bolt 138 is tightened. It should be noted that, even if the beam 28 flexes, the fixing

  of the panel is always ensured, the head 102 being able to slide

  be freely in the profile, without the weight of the

beam is taken up by the panel.

  In general, it suffices to provide two profiles 96 per panel, these profiles being located in the immediate vicinity

longitudinal edges 18 and 20.

  We now refer to Figure 10. In this particular case

  link, it is to fix the panel 10 on a metal beam 148 in the form of I. The body 100 of the retaining lug comprises a threaded stud 150 suitable for receiving a nut 152 and a washer 154 for tightening a flange 156 having an oblong hole 158. With this flange it is possible to temporarily adjust the position of the retaining tab 98 on the upper wing 160 of the I-beam 148. When all the panels have been adjusted to the desired position , it then suffices to weld the body 100 of the tab 98 by weld lines 162 and subsequently remove the flange 156 which can be used for other uses. Reference is now made to FIGS. 11 and 12. The panel comprises two guide profiles 96, as described above, each of these profiles comprising a first set of two parallel legs 164 and 166 and a second set of two parallel legs 166 and 168. The legs of each set have respective holes aligned for the introduction of a bar 172, respectively 174, coming to pass transversely behind at least one of the prestressing reinforcements of the internal plate 12 of concrete. Of

  In this way, we are sure that the profiles 96 cannot be pulled out.

  expensive structure, the latter being anchored in

prestressing reinforcements.

  0 As shown in FIG. 12, elements 176 in the form of a pin, made of stainless steel, are inserted from place to place and transversely in the thickness of the panel 10. These elements pass through the thickness of the plate 16 of material insulating and have a part embedded in the internal plate 12 of reinforced concrete and another part embedded in the external plate 14. The length of these pin-shaped elements is less than the total thickness of the panel, so as not to protrude from hand

  and other of it. These items are intended for many

  constant constant the spacing between the plates 12 and 14.

  We will now describe, with reference to Figures 11, 12 and 13, the general structure of the buttress reinforcement 74 embedded in the upper part of the panel. The reinforcement 74 comprises four U-shaped irons 178 each consisting of two parallel branches 180 and 182 connected together by a branch

  angled 184, the branches 180 and 182 being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates 12 and 14 extending

16 2213

  parallel to the prestressing reinforcements 30, 32 and the bent branch 184 being embedded in the concrete area

  connecting the two concrete plates 12 and 14.

  The branch 180 of each of the U-shaped irons 178 is fixed to a trellis suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates, namely in the internal plate 12. This trellis is constituted by irons 186 arranged parallel to each other and whose length is slightly less than the width of the panel. (Figures 11 and 13). The trellis thus formed is suitable for being placed on the prestressing cables 30 and being subject to these cables by

all appropriate means.

  As shown in Figures 11 and 13, the reinforcement 74 includes

  in addition two sets 188 of compression fittings

  each having a sinusoid-shaped element 190 connected respectively to a bar 192 and another bar 194 superimposed vertically. The bar 192 is suitable for being arranged along the length of the panel and being subject to the various irons 186. The other branches 182 of the U-shaped irons 178 and the two bars 194 of the frames 188 are suitable for subsequently receiving a second trellis

  intended to be embedded in the external plate 14 of concrete.

  This trellis notably comprises bars 196 which extend transversely to the length of the panel, that is to say parallel to the bars 186. These bars 196 come to rest on the prestressing frames 32 embedded in

plate 14.

  The bent branch 184 of each of the U-shaped irons 178 is welded to a flat iron 195 on which is welded an element 197 in the form of a sinusoid (FIGS. 11 and 13). The iron 195 and the element 197 extend over practically the entire

  width of the panel and are embedded in the concrete area 40.

  They thus contribute to the reinforcement of the lower end

  in the region of the inverted V profile which is particularly

  highly requested. In the case of Figure 11, the profile

  78 is defined by two stepped faces.

  The reinforcement 74 intended to reinforce the upper end piece is produced practically in the same way as the end reinforcement 76. In this particular case, the reinforcement is used to hold anchor blocks 198 (FIG. 11) intended to allow

  lifting the panel 10 by means of a suitable lifting beam.

  0 Between the two end reinforcements 74 and 76 can be provided

  an intermediate reinforcement (not shown) suitable for extending

  dre over part of the length of the panel between the two ends. Such reinforcement is advantageously constituted

  by two parallel trellises suitable for being drowned respectively

  vement in the two concrete plates 12 and 14 and to be connected together by similar de- linkages

  to the 188 frames described above.

  As can be seen in particular in FIG. 0 13, the frames 188 of the end reinforcement 74 extend parallel to the longitudinal edges of the panel and at

  distance from these, the distance separating the two arma-

  tures 188 being less than the width of the panel. Since the insulating plate 16 extends over the entire width of the panel, it is necessary to provide suitable cutouts in this insulating plate to provide

a transition to the two frames 188.

  As shown in Figure 14, a possible solution is

  0 te to cut the insulating plate into several sections, namely a section 161 between the location of the edge 18 and one of the frames 188, a section 162 between the two frames 188, a section 163 between the other reinforcement 188 and the location of the edge 20, and a section 164 extending over the intermediate length between the two ends. In the region of the other butt, the plate 16 can be cut correspondingly for the reinforcement

from end 76.

  In the embodiment of Figure 15, the plate 16 of insulating material, instead of being cut into several sections, is simply notched so as to spare

  two parallel recesses 200 whose spacing corresponds to

  lays on that of the two frames 188.

  The sandwich panels of the invention can be manufactured

  using known installations intended for the manufacture

  tion of reinforced concrete elements and in particular of elements

in prestressed concrete.

* A particularly suitable installation for this purpose is that described in French patent application no.

  85.04947 filed April 1, 1985 in the name of the application-

  resse. Such an installation comprises a bench comprising a horizontal manufacturing area and setting means

  in tension and / or release of pre-

  drag. This known installation can extend over a length of several tens of meters, for example

  of the order of 100 meters and over a width which is generally

  between 2.50 and 3 meters. She should

  therefore particularly to the simultaneous manufacture of more

  several sandwich panels on the manufacturing area of the bench. If necessary, the width of the bench manufacturing area may be reduced to adapt to the width of standard panels, which may be of the order

1.20 meters.

  For the production of sandwich panels according to the invention

  tion, we start.-by tender, above the area of fabrica-

  tion and in the longitudinal direction thereof, a

  set of cables constituting the pre-armatures

  tab 30. Then on these frames, if necessary, the end reinforcements 74 and 76 and possibly the intermediate reinforcement. The guide sections 96 are also placed on the bottom of the manufacturing area and the bars 172 and 174 are then inserted so that

  these profiles are subject to the pre-reinforcements

  strip 30. A first thickness of concrete is then poured corresponding to the thickness of the internal plate 12. As the concrete is still fresh, the plate 16 made of insulating material is put in place after having cut it, if necessary, as shown previously with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. This plate 16 is vibrated so that the concrete

  0 come to penetrate the imprints of the plate.

  There is then a second layer of parallel cables intended to form the prestressing reinforcements 32. In

  the case where end reinforcements were used and possibly-

  Lement an intermediate reinforcement, there are different lattices intended to be embedded in the second concrete plate. Then, the pins 176 are put in place so that they pass through the thickness of the plate 16 and they come to drown in the thickness of the concrete sheet O which has been poured. Then, a second layer of concrete intended to form the external plate 14 is poured. This layer also forms the concrete zones 38 and 40 ensuring the connection of the plates 12 and 14. Since the concrete of the first sheet is still fresh, the concrete forming the second sheet comes

  bind intimately with the concrete of the first layer.

  We then proceed to finish the outer face 36 of

  the outer plate 14. This finish may consist of simple-

  ment in a leveling of the concrete or in a treatment of

  O this surface to give it a particular aspect.

  It is also within the scope of the invention to provide an additional coating applied either during the

  panel manufacturing, either during a later phase

  eh. Next, the panel is hardened, for example by steaming. When the concrete of the panel is dry, the tension of the prestressing reinforcements is released and these reinforcements are sheared at the level of the transverse edges 24 and 26. The panels of the invention can be manufactured to the chosen dimensions and may include, where appropriate, internal cutouts, for example to allow placing

in subsequent carpentry.

Claims (17)

Claims   1. Construction panel, in particular cladding panel, comprising an internal plate (12) of prestressed concrete, an external plate (14) of prestressed concrete, these two   concrete slabs each provided with longitudinal reinforcements   prestressing dinales (30, 32) and sandwiching a plate of thermally insulating material (16), said   panel comprising two longitudinal edges (18, 20) parallel   0 leles with prestressing reinforcements and two transverse strands   dirty (22, 24) constituting the ends of the panel, characteristic   rised in that the internal (12) and external (14) plates are connected to each other by concrete zones (38,) only in the region of the two abutments and in that the plate of insulating material (16) extends over the entire width of the panel between the two longitudinal edges (18, 20), the latter being arranged to ensure a mortise and tenon fitting between two adjacent panels, without creating a thermal bridge between the two plates ! 0 concrete.   2. Construction panel according to claim 1, character-   risé in that one of the longitudinal edges (20) comprises a tenon bounded by two coplanar entry edges (50,! 5 52) connected to a flat end wall (54), into which the plate (16 ) of insulating material, by means of two inclined walls (56, 58) forming an acute angle between them and in that the other longitudinal edge (22) comprises a mortise limited 0 by two coplanar entry edges (60 , 62) connected to a flat bottom wall (64), into which the plate of insulating material (16) opens, by means of two inclined walls (66, 68) forming an acute angle between them, the value of l angle limited by the inclined walls (56, 58) of the tenon being less than the value of the angle limited by the inclined walls (66, 68) of the mortise, to allow lateral centering of two   adjacent panels by their longitudinal edges. 22 2620153   3. Construction panel according to claim 2, character-   laughed in that the height of the tenon is greater than the depth of the mortise, which makes it possible to provide a free space between an entry edge (52) of a tenon and an entry edge (62) corresponding to a mortise of two adjacent panels for the installation of a joint   sealing (70, 72) between the aforementioned entry edges.   4. Construction panel according to one of claims   1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises two end reinforcements (74,76) embedded respectively in the two ends, each reinforcement comprising U-shaped irons (178) each consisting of two parallel branches (180, 182 ) connected together by a bent branch (184), the two branches being embedded respectively in the two concrete plates by extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements and the bent branch (184) being embedded in the concrete area (38, 40 ) connecting the two plates concrete.   5. Construction panel according to claim 4, character-   laughed in that one of the parallel branches (180) of the U-shaped bars is fixed to a trellis (186) suitable for being embedded in one of the two concrete plates (12) and in that the other branch ( 182) U-shaped irons is suitable for being connected to another trellis (196) suitable for being embedded in the other concrete plate (14), the two trellises being connected together by connecting reinforcements (188) which   extending parallel to the prestressing reinforcements.   6. Panel according to one of claims 4 and 5, charac-   terized in that it comprises, in addition to the two end reinforcements (74, 76), an intermediate reinforcement capable of extending over part of the length of the panel between the two abouts.   7. Panel according to claim 6, characterized in that   that this intermediate reinforcement comprises two parallel lattices   lels suitable for being drowned respectively in the two   concrete plates (12, 14) and connected together by arma- link tures.   8. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, character-   laughed in that pin-shaped elements (176) are   inserted from place to place and transversely in the thick   of the panel (10), these elements passing through the thickness of the plate (16) of insulating material and having a part embedded in the internal plate (12) of concrete and another   part embedded in the external concrete plate (14).   9. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 8, character-   siré in that the plate of insulating material comprises two large faces (42, 44) having recessed reliefs, for example imprints (46, 48) so as to facilitate the attachment of the concrete of the internal plate (12) and of the outer plate (16) and to prevent relative sliding   of the two concrete plates relative to each other.   10. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 9, intended   to be installed vertically and having an inferior end   laughing and a superior butt, characterized in that the end   lower includes an inverted V profile (78) to allow   be positioned on a profile angle iron (80)   in inverted V forming part of a sill (26) of the basement- building.   11. Panel according to claim 10, characterized in that the lower end comprises an end reinforcement as defined in claim 4, in which the bent branch (184) of each of the U-shaped irons (178) is welded to a flat iron (195) on which an element (197) is welded sinusoid-shaped.   12. Panel according to one of claims 10 and 11, character-   risé in that adjustable fixing means (94) are 24 2620153   24 ccl provided for fixing the panel (10) in the region of its upper end to a horizontal beam (28, 148) of a building. 13. Panel according to claim 12, characterized in that the fixing means (94) comprise at least one guide profile (96) embedded vertically in the internal plate 12 of concrete and opening onto the outside and a retaining tab ( 98) comprising a body (100) suitable for being fixed horizontally and in an adjustable manner on said horizontal beam (28, 148) and a head (102) suitable for sliding inside the profile while being retained by the latter.   14. Panel according to claim 13, characterized in that the guide profile (96) comprises two sets of   two parallel legs (164, 166, 168, 170), present   both of the respective holes aligned for the introduction of a bar (172, 174) passing transversely behind at least one prestressing reinforcement (30) of the internal concrete plate (12).   15. Panel according to one of claims 13 and 14, character-   risé in that the body (100) of the retaining tab (98) is of flat elongated shape and comprises an oblong hole   114 and a rack (112) whose teeth are perpendicular   dular to the direction of the oblong hole, the rack (112) of the tab (98) being able to cooperate with the corresponding rack (126) of a block (128) held on the beam by a bolt (130) passing through the hole oblong of the paw.   16. Panel according to one of claims 13 and 14, character-   laughed in that the body (98) of the retaining tab (94)   is suitable for being welded to a horizontal metal beam - lique (148).   17. Panel according to one of claims 10 to 16, character- 2620153   laughed in that the upper end-comprises at least one anchoring block (198) embedded and used for fixing a panel lifting beam.