FR2638182A1 - MODULAR PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION FOR HOUSEHOLD USE - Google Patents

Abstract

Three-dimensional modular construction made by assembling prefabricated elements, insulated and provided with pipes. According to the invention, the construction is made from parallelepiped boxes 1 made of reinforced concrete, the side walls 11 being cast in a concrete with micro-reinforcements. Applications: assembly of a house in one day and reduction of costs.

Description

MODULAR PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION FOR HOUSEHOLD USE

  The present invention relates to a modular construction intended in particular, but not exclusively, to constitute a family dwelling, made from elements

  standardized boxes, made in the factory.

  Many efforts have already been made to reduce the cost of both collective housing and individual housing. The realization, in factories or workshops, of prefabricated elements is a measure allowing to lower the costs, the construction of a house being able then to be reduced to an assembly operation on the site. The walls are made from prefabricated elements, having a width halftone, carriers or non-carriers, which can be full or include bays (doors or windows), in front or in partitions (walls

contiguous), mounted on site.

  But these operations require the employment of an abundant specialized workforce, and the current techniques still include too many successive operations for

  allow a significant decrease in the cost price.

  The present invention is based on the idea that it is desirable, from an economic point of view, that the maximum of operations is performed in the workshop, where productivity is higher, only the connection operations being performed on site. It is thus possible to deliver a

  habitable house in one day, after equipment of the ground.

  Buildings delivered from a block are known to allow such use, but they are still precarious buildings made of light materials and with limited lifespans,

type "building site".

  The present invention aims to overcome this disadvantage and to obtain a permanent construction,

  hard, suitably insulated and comfortable.

  According to the present invention, the industrialized modular construction is characterized in that it consists of parallelepipedal blocks, of which one of the lateral faces is at least partly open. It is by assembling, according to a determined configuration, these modules or boxes that

the dwelling will be constituted.

  According to another characteristic of the present invention, each block consists of a floor, side walls and an upper slab, the side walls being made of micro-reinforced concrete. The slabs are made of concrete

  armed according to the traditional method.

  This new technique makes it possible to have walls that are both thin and resistant. Under these conditions, the weight of a module is reduced and it is possible to route the block between the workshop and the truck site, the blocks being the road gauge, and possibly, rail. Each block weighs about 18 tons, which allows its handling to

  using lifting gear available on the market.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, a box comprises a first slab molded at the bottom of the box, thin side walls having, at their lower part, a heel, a second slab resting on the lower bead, and a third slab ceiling mounted by means of anchor sleeves on the upper part of the side walls. The horizontal slabs are reinforced by traditional reinforcements and the upper slab includes anchors on which can come to bear the integral hooks of the hoist. The weight is perfectly distributed. The space between the first and the second slab forms a crawl space for placing the boxes directly on a floor, without the need to -3- provide foundations, this vacuum allowing the passage of the pipes. Other features and advantages of the invention

  will appear in the course of the following description of a

  particular embodiment, given solely by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the drawings which show: FIG. 1, a vertical sectional view of a box according to the invention; - Figure 2, a perspective view of a box; - Figure 3, a view of a pinion; - Figure 4, a vertical sectional view of a pavilion;

  - Figures 5 and 6, an example of possible layout.

  In Figure 1, we see that a box i consists of three horizontal slabs 2, 3, 4, and three side walls 11, 12, 14, of which only 11, appears in the figure. The side walls are fixed walls obtained by pouring concrete inside a formwork, at the same time as the slab 2 which is reinforced, the concrete of the walls including metal micro-armatures such as those sold under the brand " DRAMIX "by the company BEKAERT. These micro-reinforcements allow to obtain an equal resistance with a thickness reduced by more than half, to that of a traditional wall including concrete irons. In an actual construction, the thickness of the walls

is 7 cm.

  The weight of a box is, therefore, reduced and they can be easily placed on a semi-trailer platform, to be routed to the site. The side walls 11 to 14, have at their lower end, a heel 7, of greater thickness for laying the slab 3. This heel 7 thus forms a kind of peripheral chatting at the bottom. In the heel 7 are provided horizontal anchoring sleeves 6 (Figure 2) -4- to bring together at their lower part several boxes, as will be explained later. As shown in dashed lines, the entire inner wall of a box is coated with a layer 5 of thermal and sound insulation made almost necessary by the small thickness of the walls. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, one of the faces 13 of the box is left empty. Thus, it is possible, by coupling and assembly, by means of the sleeves 6 and corresponding sleeves provided in the upper part, two, three or four boxes, to obtain a dwelling of acceptable dimensions. Indeed, to allow the truck transport of the boxes, the width of these is the road gauge, for example equal to 2.85 meters. The length of a box is also limited by the necessity

  of a road transport, and is for example 9 meters.

  A half wall, limited by a dash line in Figure 2, may constitute an internal separation between two parts. Of course, in the other side walls such as the walls 11, 12, 14, openings 15 are provided during the pouring of the concrete, to allow the mounting of doors and windows. Similarly, in the upper slab 4, is provided, where appropriate, an opening 16 for access to the attic

  on a level in which are provided rooms.

  The walls 11 to 14 comprise, at their upper parts, anchor sleeves 8 for fixing the slab 4 on the side walls. The slab 4 also includes anchoring points 9 allowing a connection

mechanical with a hoist.

  As indicated above, the caissons are transported to the site, after all the internal arrangements have been made, in particular by passing the necessary ducts and pipes in the chamber 23 existing between them.

slabs 2 and 3.

  Thus, it is only necessary on site to assemble the desired number of boxes in the desired layout, then to

  mount the roof and make the necessary connections.

  All of these operations are easily done in one day. The roof can be constituted in different ways. In its traditional form, it has two pinions 18, such as that shown in Figure 3, each preferably resting on a different box, the boxes being contiguous by a large side. Of triangular shape, each pinion 18 is cast as the slabs and the side walls, its thickness being equal to that of the side walls. During the casting of a pinion 18, brackets 19 are introduced into the mold. These brackets can be anchored, during assembly, in the sockets 9, which ensures the fixing of the gears. One (or more) failure 20 is disposed between two gears, on which support rafters 21. Preferably, the rafters 21 are foldable for transport. A sheet cover of the "shingle" type can be applied between the rafters, on battens (not shown). It is also possible to make a more traditional roof tiles. A bracing of the gears 18 is provided by tie rods 25. Reservations provided in the upper part of the slab 4 possibly allow the installation of hooves 22 forming sanders. The gutter 24 is

mounted on rafters, factory.

  FIG. 4 represents, in vertical section, a dwelling according to the present invention, constituted by assembling three caissons 1. The rightmost caisson 1 in FIG. 4 is intended to constitute a garage for example. The other two caissons 1 constitute the body of the main house. Between two caissons 1 can be found, at least in

part, a light wall 26.

  Figures 5 and 6 show, schematically, a front view of the house and the plane of the lower floor. In this example, four caissons are juxtaposed to form the main house and the garage. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the ground floor can constitute a living room 27, a kitchen 28, and include a staircase 29 allowing access to the upper floor, the cells 30 and 31 constituting respectively a hall of water and a room. The garage 32 is parallel to the caissons constituting

Housing.

  All infrastructure and insulation are factory-prepared, including piping and sanitary installations, doors and windows. The boxes are sent to the site. They are then juxtaposed in the order determined by the architect, then enclosed in two cables and a pull is exerted simultaneously on the two cables. This approximates the caissons constituting the construction with crushing joints. The connection is then ensured between the slabs by inserts penetrating the sockets 6, and the cables are removed. The superstructures are then laid using the hoist and

assembled on the caissons.

  It goes without saying that many variants can be introduced, in particular by substitution of technically equivalent means without departing from the scope of the invention. -7-

Claims (5)

  1. Modular prefabricated construction, characterized in that its infrastructure consists of parallelepipedal caissons (1) of reinforced concrete, of the same dimensions, open at least partly on one (13) of their faces (11, 12, 13, 14). 2. Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that each block comprises a floor (2), side walls (11, 12, 14), and a fixed upper slab (4), the side walls being made of concrete micro -armatures, the lower slab (2) constituting the   floor being molded with the side walls.   3. Construction according to one of claims 1 or 2,   characterized in that each block comprises a first slab (2), cast at the bottom of the block, thin side walls (11, 12, 13, 14) having at their lower part a heel (7), a second slab ( 3) resting on the lower bead (7), and a third slab (4) forming the ceiling, fixed by anchoring sleeves (8) on the upper part, the slabs (2 and 3)   being spaced apart to form a crawl space (23).   4. Construction according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the heel (7) is equipped with inserts or sockets (6) for connecting several boxes between them.   5. Construction according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the side walls (11) are provided at their upper part vertical sleeves (6) for fixing the slab (4), the slab (4) itself being provided with anchor points (9). ) of fixing a lifting cable.