EP0160155B1 - Set of prefabricated construction elements - Google Patents

Set of prefabricated construction elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160155B1
EP0160155B1 EP84810193A EP84810193A EP0160155B1 EP 0160155 B1 EP0160155 B1 EP 0160155B1 EP 84810193 A EP84810193 A EP 84810193A EP 84810193 A EP84810193 A EP 84810193A EP 0160155 B1 EP0160155 B1 EP 0160155B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
set according
floor
inclined roof
prefabricated construction
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Expired
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EP84810193A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0160155A1 (en
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André Aubry
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE8484810193T priority Critical patent/DE3472989D1/en
Priority to EP84810193A priority patent/EP0160155B1/en
Priority to JP60085606A priority patent/JPS60233250A/en
Priority to TR20672/85A priority patent/TR23346A/en
Publication of EP0160155A1 publication Critical patent/EP0160155A1/en
Priority to US06/902,118 priority patent/US4759158A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0160155B1 publication Critical patent/EP0160155B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of prefabricated building elements, comprising a first prismatic element in the form of a box shell with a floor slab and a second prismatic element in the form of a box shell with a sloping roof slab.
  • a set of construction elements is known from document GB-A-913 841. However, these elements are not the height of a chamber and are stacked one on the other by grooves and tongues.
  • this document describes a set of elements comprising at least three basic shapes for the lower part and a series of components for the upper part.
  • DE-A-2 941 382 describes an electricity switching house, ie precast concrete cells. These elements do not allow to build villas, in particular because the roof element is missing.
  • the set of prefabricated building elements essentially consists of the elements illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
  • the first element 1, shown in section at the bottom of Figure 1 and in plan in Figure 3, is a prismatic shell-shaped element box with a floor slab 2. This box is open upwards and, depending on the location provided, has openings 3 and 4 (see Figure 1) for windows or doors.
  • the first embodiment according to Figure 3 of this element is designed primarily to constitute the basement and it includes on all four sides exterior walls.
  • An alternative embodiment 5 of this first element is presented above the other and in FIG. 2. It can be seen that one of the transverse walls 6 is moved inwards and that it comprises, for example , a glass door 7, the projecting walls forming, for example, a screen 8.
  • the second element 9 of the set of construction elements comprises an inclined roofing slab 10 and on the bottom side of the roof, a gutter 11 incorporated.
  • the dimensions of these elements are preferably as follows: length 6.30 m, width 3.15 m and height 2.70 m, but it is clear that all other dimensions can be envisaged. It follows that the height and width of elements 1 or 5 is always the same, while element 9 always has the same width as element 1 or 5. These dimensions are practical for elements made of reinforced concrete, the fact that they lead on the one hand to suitably large spaces and on the other hand that this results in a bulk and a weight easily transportable by a truck.
  • the elements include inside an insulation 12, this insulation being constituted by layers of known materials such as glass fibers, mineral wool, insulating synthetic material such as styropor or any other materials known to those skilled in the art for insulation.
  • this insulation is mounted in the factory, but it is possible to design insulating walls affixed on site to the walls of the elements. It is understood that the surface looking towards the inside of the elements can be treated, finished or covered with a tapestry or any other covering.
  • the roofing slab 10 can be covered with tile, slate or any other covering 13.
  • Figures 4 to 7 show, in schematic form, a villa assembled with the elements described above.
  • Figure 4 shows the basement plan of this villa and we see that it is formed of five elements 1 described above.
  • An element 16 is built on site and includes an air raid shelter 17 with thicker walls and the emergency exit 18.
  • the different elements include the necessary sanitary facilities, such as heating, boiler and others and the water and water supplies. electricity as well as cellar compartments or for the washing machine and dryer, etc.
  • One or two of the elements can be provided as a garage, in this example elements 19 and 20. We also recognize an external staircase 21.
  • Figure 5 shows the floor above the basement of Figure 4, that is to say the ground floor. On the side in one room, this room being open up to the roof, see also Figure 7. It is clear that this room could be provided with a ceiling.
  • the middle element 23 includes, for example, a bathroom 24 and a staircase 25 leading to the gallery 26.
  • a shower 28 and a staircase 29, leading to the gallery 30 It appears from the dimensions given above that it is possible to install at least one bed on the gallery.
  • two elements 31, 32 On the left side of Figure 5, two elements 31, 32 have been arranged as a living room with a gallery 33 accessible by the staircase 34. Below, we see a kitchen 35, the remaining space making up the corridor.
  • Figure 6 shows that it is advantageous to close the gallery 33 towards the kitchen to prevent odors from spreading in the gallery. It is then possible to transform the gallery located above the kitchen into a closed closet. Above the galleries, the roof has skylights 36. The section 6 also shows the different doors leading to the different rooms.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 shows the very numerous possibilities of assembling and equipping the elements according to the invention.
  • Figures 8 to 12 schematically show other examples of assembly of different elements, where we see that it is possible to omit, on some prismatic elements 1 or 5, the element with the roofing slab to make it balconies, either in the corner as in Figure 8 or in the middle of the building, as in Figure 9.
  • a level could, for example, include 12 elements 1 and one element could be used for stairs and elevator. This gives for example a 5 1/2 room apartment and a 4 room apartment.
  • these reinforced concrete elements it is preferable to provide these reinforced concrete elements, but it is possible to provide other construction materials for such elements. It may also be preferable to provide fixing means between the elements to improve their mutual connection.
  • these elements are made of reinforced concrete, their weight is sufficient to withstand their displacement, even in the event of a storm.
  • the construction of a villa or other building is very simple and can be done very quickly. Once the ground laid out and arranged to receive the elements, these can each be brought on a truck and unloaded and stacked with a crane capable of lifting the weight of such an element. It is then easily possible to assemble for example the villa described in Figures 4 to 7 in one day, which gives enormous advantages compared to other construction systems, the interior being almost immediately sheltered rain.

Description

La présente invention porte sur un jeu d'éléments de construction préfabriqués, comprenant un premier élément prismatique en forme de coque caisson avec une dalle plancher et un deuxième élément prismatique en forme de coque caisson avec une dalle toiture inclinée. Un tel jeu d'éléments de construction est connu du document GB-A-913 841. Cependant, ces éléments n'ont pas la hauteur d'une chambre et sont empilés l'un sur l'autre par des rainures et languettes. En plus, ce document décrit un jeu d'éléments comprenant au moins trois formes de base pour la partie inférieure et une série de composantes pour la partie supérieure.The present invention relates to a set of prefabricated building elements, comprising a first prismatic element in the form of a box shell with a floor slab and a second prismatic element in the form of a box shell with a sloping roof slab. Such a set of construction elements is known from document GB-A-913 841. However, these elements are not the height of a chamber and are stacked one on the other by grooves and tongues. In addition, this document describes a set of elements comprising at least three basic shapes for the lower part and a series of components for the upper part.

Le document DE-A-2 941 382 décrit une maison de commutation d'électricité, c.a.d. des cellules en béton préfabriqué. Ces éléments ne permettent pas d'en construire des villas, en particulier parce que l'élément de toiture y manque.DE-A-2 941 382 describes an electricity switching house, ie precast concrete cells. These elements do not allow to build villas, in particular because the roof element is missing.

Il est par contre l'objet de la présente invention de prévoir un jeu d'éléments de construction préfabriqués bon marché comprenant un nombre minimum d'éléments permettant l'assemblage facile et très rapide d'une multitude de différentes constructions destinées à l'habitation, l'industrie, les transports, le commerce, le tourisme, l'hôtellerie et l'éducation. Ce but est atteint avec un jeu d'éléments de construction préfabriqués tel que décrit dans les revendications.It is however the object of the present invention to provide a set of inexpensive prefabricated building elements comprising a minimum number of elements allowing the easy and very rapid assembly of a multitude of different constructions intended for housing , industry, transport, commerce, tourism, hospitality and education. This object is achieved with a set of prefabricated building elements as described in the claims.

L'invention va être décrite à l'aide d'un dessin d'exemples d'exécution dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 montre une coupe de trois éléments de construction assemblés,
  • la figure 6 montre une coupe selon la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5,
  • la figure 7 montre une coupe selon la ligne VII-VII de la figure 5, et
  • les figures 8 à 12 montrent schématiquement des différentes maisons assemblées avec des jeux d'éléments de construction préfabriqués selon l'invention.
The invention will be described using a drawing of exemplary embodiments in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through three assembled construction elements,
  • FIG. 6 shows a section along line VI-VI of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 shows a section along line VII-VII of FIG. 5, and
  • Figures 8 to 12 schematically show different houses assembled with sets of prefabricated building elements according to the invention.

Le jeu d'éléments de construction préfabriqués se compose essentiellement des éléments illustrés aux figures 1 à 3. Le premier élément 1, indiqué en coupe au bas de la figure 1 et en plan à la figure 3, est un élément prismatique en forme de coque caisson avec une dalle plancher 2. Ce caisson est ouvert vers le haut et comporte, suivant l'emplacement prévu, des ouvertures 3 et 4 (voir figure 1) pour des fenêtres ou des portes. La première forme d'exécution selon la figure 3 de cet élément est conçue en premier lieu pour constituer le sous-sol et elle comprend aux quatre côtés des murs d'extérieur. Une variante d'exécution 5 de ce premier élément est présentée au-dessus de l'autre et à la figure 2. On s'aperçoit qu'un des murs transversaux 6 est déplacé vers l'intérieur et qu'il comprend, par exemple, une porte vitrée 7, les parois dépassantes formant, par exemple, un paravent 8. Le deuxième élément 9 du jeu d'éléments de construction comprend une dalle toiture inclinée 10 et du côté bas de la toiture, un chéneau 11 incorporé. Les dimensions de ces éléments sont de préférence les suivantes : longueur 6,30 m, largeur 3,15 m et hauteur 2,70 m, mais il est clair que toutes autres dimensions peuvent être envisagées. Il en ressort que la hauteur et la largeur des éléments 1 ou 5 est toujours la même, tandis que l'élément 9 a toujours la même largeur que l'élément 1 ou 5. Ces dimensions sont pratiques pour des éléments fabriqués en béton armé, du fait qu'elles conduisent d'une part à des espaces convenablement grands et d'autre part qu'il en résulte un encombrement et un poids aisément transportables par un camion.The set of prefabricated building elements essentially consists of the elements illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. The first element 1, shown in section at the bottom of Figure 1 and in plan in Figure 3, is a prismatic shell-shaped element box with a floor slab 2. This box is open upwards and, depending on the location provided, has openings 3 and 4 (see Figure 1) for windows or doors. The first embodiment according to Figure 3 of this element is designed primarily to constitute the basement and it includes on all four sides exterior walls. An alternative embodiment 5 of this first element is presented above the other and in FIG. 2. It can be seen that one of the transverse walls 6 is moved inwards and that it comprises, for example , a glass door 7, the projecting walls forming, for example, a screen 8. The second element 9 of the set of construction elements comprises an inclined roofing slab 10 and on the bottom side of the roof, a gutter 11 incorporated. The dimensions of these elements are preferably as follows: length 6.30 m, width 3.15 m and height 2.70 m, but it is clear that all other dimensions can be envisaged. It follows that the height and width of elements 1 or 5 is always the same, while element 9 always has the same width as element 1 or 5. These dimensions are practical for elements made of reinforced concrete, the fact that they lead on the one hand to suitably large spaces and on the other hand that this results in a bulk and a weight easily transportable by a truck.

Comme il ressort des figures 1 à 3, les éléments comprennent à l'intérieur une isolation 12, cette isolation étant constituée par des couches de matériaux connus tels que fibres de verre, laine minérale, matière synthétique isolante telle que le styropor ou tous autres matériaux connus par l'homme de métier pour l'isolation. De préférence, cette isolation est montée en usine, mais il est possible de concevoir des parois isolantes affixées sur place aux parois des éléments. Il est entendu que la surface regardant vers l'intérieur des éléments peut être traitée, finie ou recouverte d'une tapisserie ou de tout autres revêtements. La dalle toiture 10 peut être recouverte de tuile, d'ardoise ou de toutes autres couvertures 13. On reconnaît dans la figure 1, dessiné d'une manière schématique, un escalier 14 et une galerie 15. Dans la vue en plan de la figure 2 on voit aussi une salle de bain et une douche.As is apparent from Figures 1 to 3, the elements include inside an insulation 12, this insulation being constituted by layers of known materials such as glass fibers, mineral wool, insulating synthetic material such as styropor or any other materials known to those skilled in the art for insulation. Preferably, this insulation is mounted in the factory, but it is possible to design insulating walls affixed on site to the walls of the elements. It is understood that the surface looking towards the inside of the elements can be treated, finished or covered with a tapestry or any other covering. The roofing slab 10 can be covered with tile, slate or any other covering 13. We recognize in Figure 1, drawn in a schematic manner, a staircase 14 and a gallery 15. In the plan view of the figure 2 we also see a bathroom and a shower.

Les figures 4 à 7 montrent, sous forme schématisée, une villa assemblée avec les éléments décrits ci-dessus. La figure 4 montre le plan du sous-sol de cette villa et on voit qu'il est formé de cinq éléments 1 décrits plus haut. Un élément 16 est construit sur place et comprend un abri antiaérien 17 avec des murs plus épais et la sortie de secours 18. Les différents éléments comportent les installations sanitaires nécessaires, tels que chauffage, boiler et autres et les amenées d'eau et d'électricité ainsi que les compartiments de cave ou pour la machine à laver et le séchoir, etc. Un ou deux des éléments peuvent être prévus comme garage, dans cet exemple les éléments 19 et 20. On reconnaît aussi un escalier extérieur 21.Figures 4 to 7 show, in schematic form, a villa assembled with the elements described above. Figure 4 shows the basement plan of this villa and we see that it is formed of five elements 1 described above. An element 16 is built on site and includes an air raid shelter 17 with thicker walls and the emergency exit 18. The different elements include the necessary sanitary facilities, such as heating, boiler and others and the water and water supplies. electricity as well as cellar compartments or for the washing machine and dryer, etc. One or two of the elements can be provided as a garage, in this example elements 19 and 20. We also recognize an external staircase 21.

La figure 5 montre l'étage en dessus du sous-sol de la figure 4, c'est-à-dire le rez-de-chaussée. Sur le côté en une seule chambre, cette chambre étant ouverte jusque sous le toit, voir aussi la figure 7. Il est clair que cette chambre pourrait être pourvue d'un plafond. L'élément du milieu 23 comprend a titre d'exemple une salle de bain 24 et un escalier 25 menant à la galerie 26. Dans l'élément du bas 27 a été agencée une douche 28 et un escalier 29, menant à la galerie 30. Il ressort des dimensions données plus haut qu'il est possible d'installer au moins un lit sur la galerie. Sur le côté gauche de la figure 5, deux éléments 31, 32 ont été aménagés comme salle de séjour avec une galerie 33 accessible par l'escalier 34. En bas, on voit une cuisine 35, l'espace restant composant le couloir. De la figure 6, il ressort qu'il est avantageux de fermer la galerie 33 vers la cuisine pour empêcher que les odeurs se répandent dans la galerie. Il est alors possible de transformer la galerie se trouvant au-dessus de la cuisine en réduit fermé. Au dessus des galeries, la toiture comporte des lucarnes 36. La coupe 6 montre en outre les différentes portes menant dans les différentes chambres.Figure 5 shows the floor above the basement of Figure 4, that is to say the ground floor. On the side in one room, this room being open up to the roof, see also Figure 7. It is clear that this room could be provided with a ceiling. The middle element 23 includes, for example, a bathroom 24 and a staircase 25 leading to the gallery 26. In the bottom element 27 has been arranged a shower 28 and a staircase 29, leading to the gallery 30 It appears from the dimensions given above that it is possible to install at least one bed on the gallery. On the left side of Figure 5, two elements 31, 32 have been arranged as a living room with a gallery 33 accessible by the staircase 34. Below, we see a kitchen 35, the remaining space making up the corridor. Figure 6 shows that it is advantageous to close the gallery 33 towards the kitchen to prevent odors from spreading in the gallery. It is then possible to transform the gallery located above the kitchen into a closed closet. Above the galleries, the roof has skylights 36. The section 6 also shows the different doors leading to the different rooms.

L'exemple de la villa selon les figures 4 à 7 montre les très nombreuses possibilités d'assemblage et d'équipement des éléments selon l'invention. Les figures 8 à 12 montrent schématiquement d'autres exemples d'assemblage de différents éléments, où l'on voit qu'il est possible d'omettre, sur quelques éléments prismatiques 1 ou 5, l'élément avec la dalle toiture pour en faire des balcons, soit dans le coin comme à la figure 8 ou au milieu de l'immeuble, comme à la figure 9. L'on voit aussi qu'il est très aisé de prévoir des garages en choisissant des éléments prévus à cet usage, ces éléments s'intégrant parfaitement dans un ensemble formé d'éléments préfabriqués selon l'invention.The example of the villa according to FIGS. 4 to 7 shows the very numerous possibilities of assembling and equipping the elements according to the invention. Figures 8 to 12 schematically show other examples of assembly of different elements, where we see that it is possible to omit, on some prismatic elements 1 or 5, the element with the roofing slab to make it balconies, either in the corner as in Figure 8 or in the middle of the building, as in Figure 9. We also see that it is very easy to provide garages by choosing elements provided for this purpose, these elements are perfectly integrated into an assembly formed of prefabricated elements according to the invention.

Il est très bien possible d'appliquer ce jeu d'éléments pour des constructions de 4 - 5 niveaux. Un niveau pourrait, par exemple, comprendre 12 éléments 1 et l'on pourrait utiliser un élément pour des escaliers et ascenseur. Cela donne par exemple un appartement de 5 1/2 pièces et un appartement de 4 pièces.It is very possible to apply this set of elements for constructions of 4 - 5 levels. A level could, for example, include 12 elements 1 and one element could be used for stairs and elevator. This gives for example a 5 1/2 room apartment and a 4 room apartment.

Comme mentionné plus haut, il est préférable de prévoir ces éléments en béton armé, mais il est possible de prévoir d'autres matériaux de construction pour de tels éléments. Il peut être préférable en outre de prévoir des moyens de fixation entre les éléments pour améliorer leur liaison mutuelle. En règle générale, et si ces éléments sont fabriqués en béton armé, leur poids est suffisant pour résister à leur déplacement, même en cas de tempête. La construction d'une villa ou d'un autre bâtiment est très simple et peut se faire très rapidement. Une fois le sol aménagé et arrangé pour recevoir les éléments, ceux-ci peuvent être amenés chacun sur un camion et déchargé et empilé avec une grue capable de soulever le poids d'un tel élément. Il est alors aisément possible d'assembler par exemple la villa décrite dans les figures 4 à 7 en une journée, ce qui donne d'énormes avantages par rapport à d'autres systèmes de constructions, l'intérieur étant presque immédiatement à l'abri de la pluie. Cela signifie que non seulement la construction en béton armé de ces éléments dans une usine prévue pour leur fabrication est bon marché, mais aussi que l'assemblage et la mise en place n'exige que très peu de main d'oeuvre. Il ressort de la description que ces éléments se prêtent à une grande rationalisation d'une part et à de très vastes possibilités d'assemblage d'autre part, offrant la possibilité de construire une maison sur mesure bon marché.As mentioned above, it is preferable to provide these reinforced concrete elements, but it is possible to provide other construction materials for such elements. It may also be preferable to provide fixing means between the elements to improve their mutual connection. As a general rule, and if these elements are made of reinforced concrete, their weight is sufficient to withstand their displacement, even in the event of a storm. The construction of a villa or other building is very simple and can be done very quickly. Once the ground laid out and arranged to receive the elements, these can each be brought on a truck and unloaded and stacked with a crane capable of lifting the weight of such an element. It is then easily possible to assemble for example the villa described in Figures 4 to 7 in one day, which gives enormous advantages compared to other construction systems, the interior being almost immediately sheltered rain. This means that not only is the reinforced concrete construction of these elements in a factory intended for their manufacture inexpensive, but also that the assembly and installation requires very little labor. It emerges from the description that these elements lend themselves to great rationalization on the one hand and to very large assembly possibilities on the other hand, offering the possibility of building a custom house inexpensively.

Claims (9)

1. A set of prefabricated construction elements, comprising a first prismatic element having the form of a boxshaped body containing a bottom- floor (2) and a second prismatic element in the form of a box-shaped body (9) containing an inclined roof-floor (10), characterized in that the height of the two elements (1, 5 ; 9) corresponds to the height of the rooms and in that all first elements (1, 5) have the same width and the same height and are capable to be put on the top of one another to form with the second elements (9), having the same width as the first ones, by their own the desired buildings.
2. The set according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements are made of reinforced concrete.
3. The set according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interior of the elements is provided with an insulation (12).
4. The set according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inclined roof-floor (10) comprises an incorporated channel (11).
5. The set according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first prismatic element (5) comprises a transversal wall (6) displaced to the interior.
6. The set according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elements comprise openings (3, 4) for windows and/or doors.
7. The set according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elements comprise separation walls.
8. The set according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the elements comprise staircases (14, 25, 29, 34), galleries (15, 26, 30, 33), and sanitary installations (24, 28) and the inclined roof-floor attic windows (36).
9. A building, constructed with the set of prefabricated construction elements according to one of the claims 1 to 8, comprising first elements with transversal walls displaced or not to the interior, and second elements with an inclined roof-floor and incorporated channel.
EP84810193A 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Set of prefabricated construction elements Expired EP0160155B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8484810193T DE3472989D1 (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Set of prefabricated construction elements
EP84810193A EP0160155B1 (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Set of prefabricated construction elements
JP60085606A JPS60233250A (en) 1984-04-24 1985-04-23 Set of prefabricated building elements
TR20672/85A TR23346A (en) 1984-04-24 1985-04-24 IBARET TEAM FROM PREFABRICATED BUILDING COMPONENTS
US06/902,118 US4759158A (en) 1984-04-24 1986-08-29 Set of prefabricated construction elements

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84810193A EP0160155B1 (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Set of prefabricated construction elements

Publications (2)

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EP0160155A1 EP0160155A1 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0160155B1 true EP0160155B1 (en) 1988-07-27

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EP84810193A Expired EP0160155B1 (en) 1984-04-24 1984-04-24 Set of prefabricated construction elements

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US (1) US4759158A (en)
EP (1) EP0160155B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60233250A (en)
DE (1) DE3472989D1 (en)
TR (1) TR23346A (en)

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US4759158A (en) 1988-07-26
JPS60233250A (en) 1985-11-19
TR23346A (en) 1989-12-19
EP0160155A1 (en) 1985-11-06
DE3472989D1 (en) 1988-09-01

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