JP2506484B2 - Concrete assembled basement - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a concrete assembly type basement room suitable as a basement of a house, and in particular, is formed by an underground unit formed by integrating a plurality of precast concrete blocks into a box shape. It is related to the basement.

“Conventional technology” Due to the deterioration of housing conditions in recent years, it has become common to install basements in ordinary houses.

Conventionally, many of the basements of houses are constructed as underground storages, so the structure is, for example, a container-shaped capsule installed in a hole dug in the ground via an anchor bolt and the hole is backfilled. It was of a structure (for example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 1-15663 "Underground and manufacturing method").
reference).

However, since the basement having such a structure functions as an underground storage, it has a small internal size as a whole and does not sufficiently satisfy the function required as a living room of a house. Therefore, in recent years, there is a tendency to make the entire room larger by making the basement concrete.

Such a reinforced concrete basement is generally constructed by cast-in-place concrete, for example. This is done by excavating a little wider than the site of the basement using a power shovel, then laying gravel on the bottom, placing concrete on the gravel, Perform so-called basic concrete construction.

Then, the floor rebars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is placed on the floor rebars. At this time, projecting rebars connected to the rebars of the side walls at the positions where the side walls are erected project from the surface of the concrete. It is arranged to do so.

Next, after the concrete on the floor has hardened, the vertical reinforcements of the side walls are connected to the protruding reinforcements protruding to the predetermined positions, and the horizontal reinforcements are connected to the vertical reinforcements of the side walls to construct the side wall reinforcing bars.

Next, the formwork is assembled on both sides of the rebar of the constructed side wall, and concrete is placed therein to construct the side wall.

Then, after the concrete on the side wall is solidified, the formwork is disassembled to fill the space outside the side wall to complete the work.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" However, in the conventional basement technology, since the construction work is the construction work of cast-in-place concrete, there are drawbacks such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period. Was.

Moreover, in construction work using cast-in-place concrete,
When constructing a side wall, it is necessary to provide a space for assembling the formwork on both sides of the side wall reinforcing bar, and it is necessary to dig into the ground so that it is wider than the construction area. It was

Therefore, as a result of the inventors' earnest research to solve these problems, if the entire basement is constructed by joining precast concrete blocks, the work efficiency at the site is improved, and the basement is only installed by the blocks. As a result, it was thought that the excavation area would be small.

However, simply dividing the inside of the basement and dividing each into blocks increases the size of the blocks themselves, and there are many types of them, which complicates the construction work at the site, etc. It is left.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to form a basement with a small number of precast concrete blocks, which can improve work efficiency on site, and It is to provide a concrete assembly type basement that can reduce construction cost.

"Means for Solving the Problem" In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a rectangular box type underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the periphery of the bottom plate portion, and on this underground unit. It is composed of two types of precast concrete structures, which are composed of a girder on which a building that constitutes a house is placed and which is formed by dividing the underground unit by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit. And, the precast concrete structure is a main body block having a U-shaped vertical cross section composed of a bottom plate part and side plate parts facing each other, and a gable wall block composed of a bottom plate part and side plate parts surrounding three sides of the bottom plate part. The first girder provided along the upper end of the side plate portion, and the second girder bridged between the first girder on the opposite side plate portions. Equipment Grow
The first girder and the side plate portion penetrate through the first girder, one end is screwed into the side plate part, and the other end is fastened in a recess formed on the upper surface of the first girder. It is characterized in that they are connected by a fastening member.

[Operation] According to the concrete assembling basement with the above-mentioned configuration, since the underground unit is constructed by a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the block is longitudinal The basement unit can be formed by a simple operation of connecting to, and a girder over it, and the on-site assembly can be easily performed.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.

In these drawings, reference numeral G is a basement according to the present invention, and this basement G has a rectangular box shape 2 whose upper surface is opened by a bottom plate Y and side plates S surrounding the bottom plate Y.
Types of underground units 1, 2 and this underground unit 1, 2
Two types of long and short girders on the upper end of the side plate part, on which the building H that is hung along the side plate part and that constitutes the house is placed,
It is mainly composed of 15.

Then, in the embodiment, the underground units 1 and 2 are arranged in a state in which they are adjacent to each other in the width direction (in the illustrated example, the underground unit 2 is sandwiched therebetween, and the underground unit 1 is adjacent to the left and right sides thereof). The two adjacent side plate portions are joined to each other through a connecting bolt and a connecting metal piece penetrating the side plate portions to form a basic structure in which these underground units 1 and 2 are integrated. Two
Also acts as a foundation on which a building H such as a house is placed.

Next, a specific example of an underground unit which is a main member of the basement will be described. First, the basement units 1 forming the left and right sides of the basement G are divided into a plurality of precast parts divided by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the basement unit. Concrete blocks (main body block 10, gable wall block 11) are connected to each other with a joint material for stopping water, and are integrally assembled with PC steel material 13. Also, the main body block 1
0, gable wall block 11 has two types of long and short girders 14 and 15 which connect the blocks to each other.

The blocks 10 and 11 are preliminarily manufactured in a factory in a predetermined shape and size, the main body block 10 constitutes the central portion of the underground unit 1, and the gable wall block 11 is the underground unit 1. It is designed to form the gable walls at both ends.

And, all of these blocks 10 and 11 are made of PC steel material 13 whose end faces are abutted against each other and penetrate these blocks.
The precast is introduced by straining the blocks, whereby the blocks are firmly connected to form an underground unit.

In addition, joint material is applied to the end surface of the block to ensure sufficient water tightness for the underground unit.

The main body block 10 is formed in a U-shaped vertical section by a bottom plate portion 10a and opposing side plate portions 10b and 10c, and a sheath tube for passing a PC steel material 13 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 10a. Side plates 10b, 10c
An insert 17 for screwing in a long bolt 16 for stopping the girders 14 and 15 is embedded in the upper end of the (see FIG. 5). In the illustrated example, the long bolt 16 is mainly composed of a shaft body 16a formed with a male screw and a nut 16c screwed onto the shaft body 16a via a fixing plate 16b. .

Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the side plate portions 10b and 10c are provided with joint metal fittings 18 of a structure that can be stopped by bolts and nuts 18a and 18b, if necessary.

Then, in the embodiment, the thickness W of the side plate portion 10c of the side plate portions 10b and 10c constituting the main body block 10 on the side joined to the underground unit 2 is about 2 / the thickness T of the other side plate portion 10b. It is set to a size of 3, so that when the side plate parts are overlapped, the wall thickness of this part does not become thick.

Further, in the embodiment, the side plate portion 10c is provided with an insertion hole 10e through which a connecting bolt 29 for connecting an underground unit is inserted. Further, the bottom plate portion 10a facing the side plate portion 10c connects the bottom plate portion upper surface and the outer surface of the block. With the recess 10d formed,
An insert 31 is embedded in the recess 10d so that the connecting metal piece 30 for connecting the underground unit can be fixed to the recess 10d (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

On the other hand, the gable wall blocks that make up both ends of the underground unit 1
11 is a bottom plate portion 11 formed in a rectangular shape as shown in FIG.
a and side plate portions 11b, 11c, 11 that surround the three sides of the bottom plate portion 11a.
The side plate portion 11c constitutes the end wall of the underground unit 1 in the embodiment.

Also in this gable wall block 11, the thickness W of the side plate portion 11d on the side joined to the underground unit 2 is different from that of the other side plate portion 1.
It is set to about 2/3 of the thickness T of 1b, and it is designed so that the wall thickness of this part does not become thick when the side plate parts of adjacent underground units are overlapped.

The left and right sides of the bottom plate 11a are made of PC steel 1
A sheath tube for passing 3 is provided in an opening in the end wall, and the opening of this sheath tube serves as a fixing portion for the PC steel material 13.

On the other hand, each side plate portion 11b, 11c, 11d of the end wall block 11
As shown in FIG. 5, an insert 17 for screwing in a long bolt 16 for stopping the girders 14 and 15 is also embedded in the upper end of the.

Next, the underground unit 2 sandwiched between the underground units 1
The configuration of will be described.

This underground unit 2 also basically has a plurality of precast concrete blocks (main body block 20, gable wall block 21) divided in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, similar to the above-mentioned underground unit 1. The blocks 20 and 21 are assembled by being integrally assembled with the PC steel material 13 by connecting them with a joint material for water stopping interposed therebetween. Beams 14 and 15 are spanned.

In addition, the two types of blocks 2 that make up the underground unit 2
In the 0 and 21, basically, like the blocks of the underground unit 1, the end faces of the blocks 20 and 21 are butted against each other, and prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 that penetrates these blocks. ing.

In addition, the main body block 20 is formed in a U-shaped vertical section by a bottom plate portion 20a and side plate portions 20b and 20c facing each other.
Further, the end wall blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2 are formed by a rectangular bottom plate portion 21a and side plate portions 21b, 21c, 21d that surround the three sides of the bottom plate portion 21a. , 11 are the same.

However, in this underground unit 2, due to the structure of being sandwiched between the underground units 1, the main body block 20 that constitutes the central portion of the underground unit 2 and the wife wall block 21 that constitutes the wife wall portion of the underground unit 2 The left and right side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21d facing each other are the main body blocks.
It is characterized in that it is formed with a size of about 2/3 of the thickness T of the side plate portion 10b constituting the outer wall of 10.

In addition, even in these blocks 20 and 21, the PC steel material 13
The point of providing the sheath tube of the side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21c, 21
At the upper end of d, long bolts 16 that fasten the side plates 14 and 15 respectively
Embedding an insert 17 for screwing in, attaching a fitting metal fitting 18 to the side plate portions 20b, 20c, etc., if necessary,
A recess 20d for fixing the connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit,
The provision of the insertion hole 20e through which the connecting bolt 29 is inserted is similar to that of the blocks 10 and 11 described above.

Explaining two types of long and short girders 14 and 15 spanning the upper ends of the blocks 10 and 11, the long girder 14 is provided on the side plate portion along the longitudinal direction of the underground unit 1 (first Girder), short girder 15 is provided on the side plate portion along the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit 1 (first girder), or a long girder on the opposite side plate portion. It is used by being bridged between 14 (second recumbent beam). Each gut 14,
Blocks 15 are each made of precast concrete in a rectangular column shape and connected in the longitudinal direction,
It fixes the upper ends of 11, 20, 21 and supports the first-floor floor panel of the upper building (house in the illustrated example). The long gut beam 14 is on the side plate portion along the longitudinal direction of the underground unit 1. It is adapted to be fixed by long bolts 16 that penetrate the girder 14 in the vertical direction.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, on the side of this gluteus 14,
The placing portion 14a for mounting the short glutes 15 is formed to project, so that the long bolt 16 penetrating the upper and lower sides of the short glutes 15 can be firmly fixed to the placing portion 14a by screwing it into the insert 17. Has become.

In the embodiment, the gaze beam 15 is made of precast concrete, but it can be made of H-shaped steel.

By the way, as the house H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on the gaze beam 14, and the first floor wall panel, the second floor floor panel, and the second floor wall panel are assembled on it.
Further, there is a structure in which a roof panel is assembled by using a frame, a tree, etc., but the structure of the house is not limited to such a structure, and is constructed by a conventional construction method. It may be a thing or a unit house.

Incidentally, in the case of a house by each of the panel construction method, the house and the girder are joined, for example, an anchor bolt is provided so as to project on the upper surface of the girder, and a panel such as a wall or floor is provided through the anchor bolt. It should be integrated.

Next, the operation of the basement thus constructed will be described together with its construction method.

First, each of the precast concrete blocks constituting the underground units 1 and 2 is integrally formed in advance in a factory with concrete or the like in a predetermined size and shape.

Then, these blocks are transported to the work site by a truck. At this time, since the blocks are formed in a U-shaped cross section divided by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, the types of blocks are underground. The U-shaped one that forms the central part of the unit and the one that forms the end wall
There is no need to increase the size of the blocks themselves, as they can be accommodated by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks, especially when constructing a large basement, making it extremely easy to transport to the site. Can be.

Next, at the site, in order to assemble the basement, root cutting work of the basement should be done, after digging a hole of a predetermined size, after the splitting ground work process, the disposal process of waste concrete , The foundation is constructed, and at this time, the steel pipe 40, which serves as a standard for the block installation level, is embedded (see FIG. 3 (a)).

Next, the blocks are hung from the truck using a crane or the like, and these are combined and joined one after another. The assembling order is performed by the steps shown in FIGS.

That is, the first installation starts from the central part of the arrangement (the central part of the underground unit 2 in the embodiment) as shown in Fig. 3 (b), and then the main body is installed as shown in Fig. 3 (c). The main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 is joined to the left and right of the block 20.

At this time (when joining the main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 to the left and right), a connecting metal piece 30 is passed between the main body blocks 10 and 20, and each block is integrated by using a connecting bolt penetrating these blocks. .

After that, while joining the main body block 20 of the underground unit 2 in its axial direction, the main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 is installed and joined to the left and right of the main body block 20 each time, and finally the wife wall is formed. Prestress is introduced by attaching the end wall blocks 11 and 21 and inserting the PC steel material 13 into the sheath hole of each block, and tightening this with a jack to fix both ends (see FIG. 3 (e)). In addition,
After tensioning the PC steel material 13, the grout is filled in the sheath tube.

After tensioning the PC steel material 13, as shown in Fig. 3 (f), a long girder 14 is attached on the side plate portion of the underground unit, and further, as shown in Fig. 3 (g), a short girder. Attach the beam 15 to complete the basement.

After finishing the tension of the PC steel material 13 and the installation of the girders 14 and 15 as described above, grout is injected between the bottom plate part of the block and the basic concrete, and the space between the bottom plate part and the basic concrete is injected. Fill the gap of with grout and make the bottom plate of each block adhere to the foundation.

Then, when the finishing work of the inside is finally completed, the basement as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, for the construction of the house H, for example, when the structure of the house is mainly composed of panels, the girders 14 and 15 are used.
The unitized floor panel is laid on top of it and 1 is placed on top of it.
The method of assembling the wall panels on the first and second floors, and further by assembling the frame, the wooden frame, etc., and assembling the roof panels, constructs a building.

It should be noted that the warp panels on the first floor may be integrated by dropping the holes at the lower ends of the wall panels into anchor bolts protruding from the upper surface of the concrete girder and tightening the bolts.

According to the procedure above, the blocks were installed from the center of the arrangement, and the blocks were assembled on the left, right, front, and rear of the blocks.Therefore, the installation and joining work of each block was performed accurately inside the root cutting hole. You can do it. That is, in this embodiment, since other blocks are joined with the main body block located in the center of the basement as a reference, any block will not be greatly separated from the reference main body block. Since the displacement of the blocks can be reduced, the joining work can be performed accurately.

In the basement of the embodiment, the blocks 10, 11, 20, 21 constituting the basement unit, the side plate portion to be joined is formed to a thickness of about 2/3 of the other side plate portion, the side plate portion. Even if they are joined together and overlapped, the side wall that is a partition does not increase in thickness, and even in a basement with a structure that connects multiple underground units in the width direction, effective use of members can be achieved and internal partition walls Has the advantage that the thickness of the is not increased.

In the embodiment, the basement unit that constitutes the basement is
Since it is constructed with multiple precast concrete blocks that are divided in the plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, it is possible to form an underground unit by a simple work of connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction, and it is easy to assemble on site. Can be carried out.

Further, in the embodiment, since the house H is assembled on the basement gazebo as a foundation, it is possible to omit the construction work of the foundation, which was conventionally required, and the position of the foundation can be eliminated. There is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed because the basement can be formed without being restricted by the above.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the size of the block,
It goes without saying that the shape and the like can be changed. In addition, it is a matter of course that each block of the part forming the entrance of the room is formed with an opening forming the entrance as necessary, and in such a case, the bottom plate parts are connected to each other. The underground unit is integrated.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, the present invention configures a rectangular box type underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate and side plates surrounding the bottom plate, and a house provided on the underground unit and constituting a house. The precast concrete structure is composed of two types of precast concrete structures that are composed of a girder on which a building to be placed is placed, and the underground unit is divided by a surface orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit. The object is composed of a main body block having a U-shaped vertical cross section composed of a bottom plate portion and opposite side plate portions, and a gable wall block composed of the bottom plate portion and side plate portions surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion. The first girder provided along the upper end of the side plate part, and the second girder bridged between the first girder on the side plate part facing each other, the first girder
Of the girder and the side plate portion are fastened to each other by penetrating the first girder and having one end screwed into the side plate portion and the other end fastened in a recess formed on the upper surface of the first girder. Since they are connected with each other, the following excellent effects can be obtained.

(A) The underground unit, which is the main part of the skeleton of the basement,
Since it is constructed with two types of precast concrete blocks that are divided by the plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the vertical unit is installed and the underground unit is formed by the simple work of connecting the end wall blocks on both sides. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform on-site assembly.

(B) Since the basement unit, which is the main part of the basement, is composed of multiple precast concrete blocks connected to each other, the excavation of the root cutting hole is smaller than in the basement using cast-in-place concrete, which simplifies site work. It also has the advantage that it can

(C) Even if the number of underground units is increased, the construction process does not change, and since it is possible to deal with it by simply increasing the block joining work, it is possible to cope with an increase in the size of the basement extremely easily.

(D) As described above, since the basement can be formed with a small number of precast concrete blocks, the work efficiency on the site can be improved, and the construction cost can be reduced.

(E) Since a girder is provided on the underground unit, and houses etc. can be placed on this girder,
Construction work of the foundation can be omitted. Further, this allows the basement to be formed without being restricted by the position of the foundation, so that a large basement can be easily constructed.

(F) Moreover, the first girder and the side plate portion penetrate through the first girder and one end is screwed into the side plate part, and the other end is in a recess formed on the upper surface of the first girder. They are connected by fastening members to be fastened. Therefore, since the first girder and the side plate portion are firmly joined to each other, and the upper surface of the first girder is a flat surface without the fastening member protruding, a house or the like is built on this. Is easy to do.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show one embodiment of a concrete-assembled basement according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a state in which a house is placed on the basement, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view thereof, and FIG. Figures (a) to (i) show the construction process of this basement, and each is a perspective view, Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the connecting structure of the side plate parts of adjacent underground units, and Fig. 5 is a girder and side plate. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a connecting structure with a portion, FIG. 6 is a plan view of a joint fitting for connecting blocks, FIG.
Figure is a plan view showing the connecting hardware that connects adjacent underground units, Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view, Figure 10 is a perspective view of the blocks that make up the gable wall, and Figure 11 shows the structure of the gluteal joint. It is sectional drawing shown. G: basement, H: house, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... basement unit, 10, 11, 20, 21 ... precast concrete block, 13 ... PC steel, 14, 15 ... girder, 16 …… Long bolt, 17 …… Insert, 18 …… Coupling hardware, 30 …… Coupling hardware.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rectangular box type underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate portion and side plate portions surrounding the bottom plate portion, and a bedside on which a building which is provided on the underground unit and constitutes a house is placed. The underground unit is composed of two types of precast concrete structures divided by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and the precast concrete structure includes a bottom plate portion and side plates facing each other. A main body block having a U-shaped vertical cross-section, and a gable wall block including a bottom plate portion and side plate portions that surround the three peripheral surfaces of the bottom plate portion, and the girder extends along the upper end of the side plate portion. It is provided with the 1st girder provided and the 2nd girder spanned between the 1st girder on the side plate part which opposes, Comprising: The said 1st girder and the said side plate part , First Wo Through which the one end is screwed into the side plate portion, and the other end is connected by a fastening member that is fastened in a recess formed in the upper surface of the first girder. .