JP2781641B2 - Construction method of concrete basement - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for constructing a prefabricated concrete basement, and more particularly to a method for constructing a basement formed by integrating a plurality of precast concrete blocks into a box-shaped basement unit. It relates to the construction method.

"Conventional technology" Basements have been installed even in ordinary houses due to the deterioration of housing conditions in recent years.

Conventionally, in many cases, the basement of a house is configured as an underground storage, and its structure is also obtained, for example, by mounting a container-shaped capsule through a hole dug in the ground via an anchor bolt and refilling the hole. (For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-15663, "Underground storage and its manufacturing method")
reference).

However, since the basement having such a configuration functions as an underground storage, the inside size is small as a whole, and the function required as a living room of a house is not sufficiently satisfied. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a tendency to make the entire room larger by making the basement concrete.

Such a reinforced concrete basement is generally constructed, for example, by cast-in-place concrete. This is, first, using a power shovel or the like, excavation work is performed slightly wider than the site of the basement, then lay a gravel etc. on the bottom, and lay concrete on the gravel laid, Perform the construction of so-called basic concrete.

Then, the floor reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is poured into the floor reinforcing bars. At this time, the protruding bars connected to the reinforcing bars on the side walls project from the surface of the concrete at the positions where the side walls are erected. It is arranged so that it does.

Next, after the concrete on the floor is hardened, the vertical bars of the side walls are connected to the projecting bars protruding at the predetermined positions, and the horizontal bars are connected to the vertical bars of these side walls, and the reinforcing bars of the side walls are constructed.

Next, a formwork is assembled on both sides of the rebar on the constructed side wall, and concrete is poured into the formwork to construct the side wall.

Then, after the concrete on the side wall is solidified, the formwork is dismantled, and the space outside the side wall is filled to complete it.

“Problems to be solved by the invention” However, in the conventional basement technology, since the construction work is the construction work of cast-in-place concrete, there are disadvantages such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period. Was.

Moreover, in the construction work using cast-in-place concrete,
When constructing the side wall, it is necessary to provide a space for assembling the formwork on both sides of the side wall rebar, and it is necessary to dig deeper than the construction area, resulting in higher costs. Was.

Accordingly, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve these problems, and as a result, if the entire basement is constructed by joining precast concrete blocks, the work efficiency at the site is improved, and the basement is merely installed by installing the blocks. Is formed, so that the excavation area can be reduced.

However, when the structure of the basement is precast, the following problems to be solved remain.

In other words, in the construction of the basement, especially, the work of installing the blocks must be performed in the restricted holes, and when installing the heavy concrete block, many workers In this case, the worker steps on the base on which the block is to be installed, and it is difficult to fix the bottom plate of the block to the base.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to use a precast concrete block to easily fix a bottom plate portion and a base portion of a block when forming a basement. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a concrete basement.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a rectangular box-shaped underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the bottom plate portion. A method for constructing an assembling basement made of concrete in which adjacent basement units are arranged in an adjacent state, and adjacent basement units are joined together and integrated, wherein the basement unit is divided by a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to a longitudinal direction thereof. , A bottom plate and a main body having a U-shaped vertical section composed of opposed side plates, and a bottom plate and a wife wall composed of side plates surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate. It is manufactured as a main block and a marble wall block, and while these blocks are installed one by one on the base part, when the final underground unit is assembled, Before installing the,
Each time, the grout material is prepared in accordance with the size of the bottom plate of the block at a position where the block of the base is to be installed.

Here, the grout material is a filler that fills a gap between the bottom plate portion and the base portion of the block, and for example, mortar or the like is applied.

According to the construction method of the concrete-assembled basement having the above-described configuration, each time the main body block and the masonry block forming the underground unit are installed on the base, the grout is previously placed between the bottom plate and the base of the block. Since the material is prepared, even if the base is stepped on by the worker, the block and the base can be fixed well, and the construction of a high quality basement can be achieved. .

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a method of constructing a prefabricated concrete basement according to the present invention, and shows a method of constructing a basement comprising three underground units.

First, with reference to FIG. 1, a basic concept when implementing the construction method according to the present invention will be described. If the basement is made of precast concrete, the first problem is that the interior of the basement to be built is divided and even if each is divided into blocks, the size of the block itself becomes large and This increases the complexity of construction work on site.

Secondly, when installing such a concrete block, since many workers work in the holes, the base on which the block is to be mounted is crushed by the workers, and the block is not slid. It is difficult to fix the bottom plate and the base.

Therefore, in the present invention, as a basement to be constructed, the basement unit is composed of rectangular box-type basement units 1 and 2 whose upper surfaces are opened by a bottom plate and a side plate surrounding the bottom plate. A plurality of adjacent underground units 1 and 2 are connected to each other in an integrated manner in the width direction, and the underground units 1 and 2 are integrated with each other. In order to improve the transportability and the workability, taking into account the properties and the like, the underground units 1 and 2 are each divided into a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and have a U-shaped vertical cross section. It is composed of blocks 10 and 20 and end wall blocks 11 and 21 forming both ends of the underground unit.

Further, in the present invention, while the blocks 10, 11, 20, and 21 are installed one by one on the base part B, when the final underground units 1 and 2 are assembled, before the blocks are installed, each time the base part B is installed, Grout material at the position where the block should be installed according to the size of the bottom plate of the block.
Is prepared.

Next, a specific example of an underground unit used in this construction method will be described with reference to FIGS.

2 and 3 are cross-sectional views schematically showing a prefabricated concrete basement, in which G is a basement, and H is a house housed on the basement.

The basement G is a state in which two types of rectangular box-shaped basement units 1 and 2 each having an open upper surface are adjacent to each other in the width direction (in the illustrated example, the basement units 1 are adjacent to each other with the basement unit 2 interposed therebetween). Underground units 1, 2
Are connected to each other via connecting bolts and metal fittings penetrating the side plate portions, and have a basic structure in which these underground units 1 and 2 are integrated. In the illustrated example, the underground units 1 and 2 also serve as a foundation, on which a building H such as a house is mounted.

The basement unit 1 that constitutes the left and right sides of the basement is composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks (body blocks 10,
The rear wall blocks 11) are connected to each other with a joint material for waterproofing interposed therebetween, and are integrally assembled with the PC steel material 13, and the upper and lower ends of the main body blocks 10, 11 are connected to each other. Two types of lying beams 14, 15 are bridged.

The main body blocks 10 and 11 are each manufactured in advance in a predetermined shape and size at a factory, and the main body blocks 10 and 11 are manufactured.
Constitutes the central part of the underground unit 1, and the end wall blocks 11 constitute the end walls of both ends of the underground unit 1.

Then, all these blocks 10 and 11 have their end faces abutting against each other, and a PC steel material 13 penetrating these blocks.
Prestress is introduced by tensioning the blocks, whereby the blocks are firmly connected to form an underground unit.

In addition, a joint material is applied to the end face of the block to ensure sufficient watertightness of the underground unit.

The main body block 10 is formed in a U-shaped vertical section by a bottom plate portion 10a and opposed side plate portions 10b and 10c, and a sheath tube for passing a PC steel 13 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 10a. As well as the side plates 10b, 10c
An insert 17 for screwing a long bolt 16 for fixing the beams 14, 15 is buried in the upper end (see FIG. 5). In the illustrated example, the long bolt 16 is mainly composed of a shaft 16a on which a male screw is formed, and a nut 16c which is screwed on the shaft 16a via a fixing plate 16b. .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a joint fitting 18 having a structure that can be stopped by bolts and nuts 18a and 18b is attached to the side plate portions 10b and 10c as necessary.

And, the side plate portions 10b, 1 constituting the main body block 10
The thickness W of the side plate portion 10c on the side joined to the underground unit 2 of 0c is set to be about 2/3 of the thickness T of the other side plate portion 10b. Care is taken so that the thickness of the wall of this part does not increase when overlapping (Note that the side plate that is not joined to other underground units is 180 mm thick, whereas the side plate that is joined is Part is 120mm).

In the embodiment, an insertion hole 10e through which a connection bolt 29 for connecting the underground unit is provided in the side plate portion 10c, and further, a bottom plate portion 10a facing the side plate portion 10c communicates the bottom plate portion upper surface and the outer surface of the block. A recess 10d is formed,
An insert 31 is buried in the recess 10d, so that the metal fitting 30 for connecting the underground unit can be fixed to the recess 10d (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

On the other hand, the end wall blocks that constitute both ends of the basement unit 1
11 is a bottom plate portion 11 formed in a rectangular shape as shown in FIG.
a and side plates 11b, 11c, 11 surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate 11a.
In the embodiment, the side plate portion 11c forms the end wall of the underground unit 1.

Also in the rear wall block 11, the thickness W of the side plate 11 d on the side joined to the underground unit 2 is the same as that of the other side plate 1.
The thickness T is set to about 2/3 of the thickness T of 1b, so that when the side plates of adjacent underground units are overlapped, the thickness of the wall of this portion is not increased.

The left and right sides of the bottom plate 11a are each made of PC steel 1
A sheath tube through which the tube 3 passes is provided on the end wall, and the opening of the sheath tube is a fixing portion of the PC steel 13.

On the other hand, each side plate portion 11b, 11c, 11d of the wife wall block 11
As shown in FIG. 5, an insert 17 for screwing a long bolt 16 for stopping the joists 14, 15 is also embedded in the upper end of the insert.

Next, underground unit 2 sandwiched between underground units 1
Will be described.

This underground unit 2 is basically made of a plurality of precast concrete blocks 20 and 21 divided by a surface orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, as in the above-described underground unit 1, and is used as a joint material for stopping water. The blocks 20 and 21 are integrally connected with each other by interposing them, and two blocks of long and short beams 14 and 15 are bridged over the upper ends of the blocks 20 and 21 so as to connect these blocks. Have been.

Also, two types of blocks 2 that make up the underground unit 2
Basically, the end faces of the blocks 20 and 21 abut against each other in the same manner as the blocks of the underground unit 1 and the prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel 13 penetrating these blocks. ing.

The main body block 20 is formed in a U-shaped vertical section by a bottom plate portion 20a and opposed side plate portions 20b and 20c.
The point that the end wall blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2 are formed by a rectangular bottom plate portion 21a and side plate portions 21b, 21c, and 21d surrounding three cotton pieces around the bottom plate portion 21a is similar to the block 10 described above. , And 11.

However, the structure of the underground unit 2 is sandwiched between the underground units 1 so that
The left and right side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21d of the main block 20 constituting the central portion of the main body block and the rear wall block 21 forming the main wall portion of the basement unit constitute side walls of the main block 10, respectively. It is characterized in that it is formed to be about 2/3 of the thickness T of 10b.

Note that the PC steel 13
Of providing the sheath tube of the side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21c, 21
At the upper end of d, a point to embed an insert 17 for screwing a long bolt 16 for stopping the beams 14, 15 respectively, a point to attach a fitting hardware 18 to the side plates 20b, 20c, etc., if necessary, for connecting the underground unit This is similar to the blocks 10 and 11 described above in that a concave portion 20d for fixing the connecting hardware 30 and an insertion hole 20e for passing the connecting bolt 29 are provided.

Two types of long beams 14 and 15 bridged over the upper ends of the blocks 10 and 11 will be described. Each of the long beams 14 and 15 is formed in a square pillar shape by precast concrete and connected in the longitudinal direction. , 11, 20,
The upper end of the base 21 is fixed, and the first floor panel of the upper building (a house in the illustrated example) is supported. The long girder 14 is provided on a side plate along the longitudinal direction of the underground unit 1. It is fixed by a long bolt 16 penetrating vertically.

In addition, as shown in FIG.
A mounting portion 14a for mounting the short berth 15 is formed so as to protrude, and a long bolt 16 penetrating up and down of the short berth 15 is screwed into the insert 17 so that it can be firmly fixed to the mounting portion 14a. Has become. In the embodiment, the short beam 15
Is made of precast concrete, but may be mainly made of H-shaped steel.

By the way, as the house H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on the girder 14, and a first-floor wall panel, a second-floor floor panel, and a second-floor wall panel are assembled thereon.
Furthermore, there is a configuration in which a roof panel is assembled by forming a frame, a wooden frame, and the like, but the configuration of a house is not limited to such a configuration, and is constructed by a conventional construction method. It may be a thing or a unit house.

In addition, in the case of a house by the above-mentioned panel construction method, the joint between the house and the girder is provided, for example, by protruding an anchor bolt on the upper surface of the girder, and panels such as walls and floors are provided via the anchor bolt. What is necessary is just to integrate.

Next, a method of actually constructing a basement using the underground unit and the like configured as described above and the operation thereof will be described.

First, each precast concrete block constituting the underground units 1 and 2 is formed in a factory in advance by casting concrete and the like into a predetermined size and shape integrally with concrete or the like.

These blocks are transported to the work site by trucks. At this time, since the blocks are formed in a U-shaped cross section divided by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, the type of the blocks is underground. U-shaped one that forms the central part of the unit and one that forms the wall
It is possible to use various types, especially when constructing a large basement, it can be handled by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks, so there is no need to increase the size of the blocks themselves, and transportability to the site is extremely good. can do.

Next, at the site, in order to assemble the basement, perform the root cutting work on the ground where the basement is to be constructed, dig a hole of a predetermined size, Then, the base part B is constructed, and at this time, a steel pipe 40, which is a reference of the block installation level, is embedded (see FIG. 1 (a)).

Next, the blocks are suspended from the truck using a crane or the like, and the blocks are successively combined and joined. The assembling sequence is performed according to the steps shown in FIGS.

That is, the first installation starts from the center of the arrangement (the center of the underground unit 2 in the embodiment), as shown in FIG. 1 (b), and then, as shown in FIG. The body block 10 of the underground unit 1 is joined to the left and right of the block 20.

On the other hand, when installing the main body block 10,
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), before the main body block is installed, a grout material 50 is prepared at the installation position of the base B in accordance with the size of the bottom plate of the main body block. As the grout material 50, for example, kneaded mortar or the like is applied, and this preparation is performed every time the block is installed thereafter (see FIGS. 1 (b), (c) and (d)).

In the above (when the main body blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 are joined to the left and right), the main body blocks 10, 20
The connecting hardware 30 is inserted between the blocks, and the blocks are integrated using connecting bolts penetrating these blocks.

Thereafter, while the main body block 20 of the underground unit 2 is joined in the axial direction, the main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 is installed and joined to the left and right sides of the main body block 20 each time, thereby finally forming the end wall. The prestress is introduced by attaching the end wall blocks 11 and 21 and inserting the PC steel material 13 into the sheath hole of each block, tensioning it with a jack and fixing both ends (see FIG. 1 (e)). In addition,
After the tension of the PC steel material 13, grout is filled in the sheath tube.

After the tension of the PC steel material 13, as shown in FIG. 1 (f), a long berth 14 is mounted on the side plate of the underground unit, and as shown in FIG. Assemble the beams 15 to complete the basement frame.

Then, when the interior finishing work and the like are finally completed, the basement is completed.

On the other hand, the construction of the house H is performed, for example, when the structure of the house is mainly composed of panels,
Lay a unitized floor panel on top of
A method of assembling a floor panel, as well as assembling a wall panel on the second floor, further constructing a roof panel by assembling a frame, a timber frame, or the like, is adopted.

In addition, each wall panel on the first floor portion may be integrated by dropping a hole at the lower end of the wall panel into an anchor bolt projecting from the upper surface of the concrete berth and tightening the bolt.

According to the above procedure, the blocks are installed from the center of the arrangement, and the blocks are assembled on the left, right, front and back of the block, so the installation and joining work of each block is performed accurately inside the root cut hole I can do it. That is, in the embodiment, since other blocks are joined based on the main body block located at the center of the basement, no block is largely separated from the main body block serving as the reference. Can be reduced,
The joining operation can be performed with high accuracy.

Further, according to the embodiment, each time the main body blocks 10 and 20 and the rear wall blocks 11 and 21 forming the underground units 1 and 2 are installed on the base portion B, the bottom plate portion and the base portion of the blocks 10, 20, 11 and 21 are installed. The grout material 50 is prepared beforehand, so that even if the base B is trampled by an operator, the block and the base can be satisfactorily fixed, and the quality can be improved. Good construction of basement is possible.

Further, in the embodiment, the blocks 10, 11, 20, 21 constituting the underground unit are formed such that the side plate portion to be joined is formed to about 2/3 of the thickness of the other side plate portion. Even when the basement is constructed by connecting multiple basement units in the width direction, the members can be effectively used, and the inside of the basement can be effectively used. This has the advantage that the thickness of the partition wall does not increase.

In the embodiment, the underground unit constituting the basement is
Since the building is constructed with a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, an underground unit can be formed by simple work of connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction, facilitating on-site assembly. Can be implemented.

Further, in the embodiment, since the house H is assembled on the base of the basement of the basement, it is possible to omit the construction work of the foundation which was conventionally required. Since the basement can be formed without any restriction, there is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the size of the block,
It goes without saying that the shape and the like can be changed. In addition, it is needless to say that, in each block of the portion forming the entrance of the room, an opening forming the entrance is formed as necessary, and in such a case, the bottom plate portions are connected to each other. The room unit is integrated.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, the present invention arranges a plurality of rectangular box-shaped underground units whose upper surfaces are opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the periphery of the bottom plate portion in a state of being adjacent to each other in the width direction, A method for constructing a concrete assembling basement in which adjacent basement units are joined to each other and integrated, wherein the basement unit is divided by a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the basement unit, and a bottom plate portion and a facing plate are formed. The main body has a U-shaped vertical cross-section and a bottom wall and a side wall that surrounds three sides of the bottom plate. Each of these parts is made of a precast concrete body block and a main wall. It is manufactured as blocks, and these blocks are installed one by one on the foundation, and when assembling the final underground unit, before installing the blocks, In each case, the grout material is prepared in accordance with the size of the bottom plate of the block at the position where the block of the base is to be installed, so that the following excellent effects can be obtained.

(A) The grout material is prepared in advance between the bottom plate portion and the base portion of the block each time the main body block and the wall block forming the underground unit are installed on the base portion. Even when the member is stepped on, the block and the base can be fixed well, and a high-quality basement can be constructed.

(B) Since the underground unit, which is the main part of the basement, is made up of a plurality of precast concrete blocks connected, excavation of root cut holes is smaller than that of the basement made of cast-in-place concrete, simplifying site work. There is also an advantage that it can be converted.

(C) Even if the number of underground units is increased, the construction process does not change, and it can be dealt with only by increasing the joining work of the blocks. Therefore, it is possible to very easily cope with the enlargement of the basement.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings show an embodiment of the method for constructing a concrete assembling basement according to the present invention, and FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (g) are perspective views showing the construction process of this basement, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state where a house is placed on the top, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure of side plates of adjacent underground units, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of a joint fitting for connecting blocks, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view thereof, FIG. 8 is a plan view of a connecting hardware connecting adjacent underground units, FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a block constituting the end wall portion, and FIG. G ... basement, H ... house, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... basement unit, 10, 11, 20, 21 ... precast concrete block, 13 ... PC steel, 14, 15 ... 16 ... long bolt, 17 ... insert, 18 ... fitting hardware, 30 ... connecting hardware.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-233250 (JP, A) JP-A-61-68149 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E02D 29/00 E04B 1/348

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rectangular box-shaped underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the bottom plate portion is arranged in plural in a state of being adjacent to each other in a width direction thereof, and the adjacent underground units are joined to each other. A method of constructing a concrete assembling basement, which is integrated and divided into a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the basement unit, and a U-shaped vertical section including a bottom plate portion and an opposing side plate portion. The mold is divided into a main body part, a bottom plate part and a wife wall part composed of side plates surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate part, and these parts are respectively manufactured as a main body block and a wife wall block by precast concrete. In the final assembling of the underground unit while installing the blocks one by one, before installing the blocks,
A method for constructing an assembling basement made of concrete, characterized in that a grout material is prepared in accordance with the size of a bottom plate of a block at a position where a block of a foundation is to be installed each time.