JPH0427027A - Assembly type concrete underground room - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily assemble a concrete underground room by forming beam sections which have thicknesses larger than those of the side board sections of a block and act as a beam on the top of the side board sections over the full length of the side board sections. CONSTITUTION:A main body block 10 is formed to a U-shaped profile of a bottom board section 10a and side board sections 10b and 10c facing each other and beam sections 10g which have thicknesses larger than those of the sections 10b and 10b and act as a beam are formed on the top of the section 10b and 10c over the full length of the sections 10b and 10c. Then beam sections 11g and 20g are similarly formed respectively to a gable wall section 11 and main body block 20. Since the beam sections 10g are united to the side board sections 10b and 10c of the main body block 10, an underground room can be assembled easily at a job site by connecting blocks 10 formed in such way in the length direction.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a prefabricated concrete basement suitable as a basement of a house, and in particular is formed by an underground unit formed by integrating a plurality of precast concrete blocks into a box shape. It's about the basement.

``Prior Art'' Due to the deterioration of housing conditions in recent years, basements have been installed in ordinary houses as well.

Traditionally, the basements of houses were often configured as underground storage, so the structure was also made up of, for example, container-shaped capsules.
It was installed in a hole dug in the ground using an anchor bolt, and then the hole was backfilled.
reference).

However, since the basement of this type of configuration functions as an underground storage, the overall internal size is small and does not fully satisfy the functions required as a living room in a house. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a trend to make basements made of concrete and make the entire room larger.

Such reinforced concrete basements are generally constructed using cast-in-place concrete, for example. First, use a power shovel or the like to excavate a bit wider than the basement site, then spread gravel at the bottom of the excavation, and pour concrete on top of the gravel. So-called foundation concrete construction will be carried out.

Then, the floor reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is poured onto the floor reinforcing bars. At this time, protruding bars connected to the side wall reinforcing bars protrude from the surface of the concrete at the positions where the side walls will be erected. Set it up so that it does.

Next, after the concrete on the floor hardens, the vertical reinforcements of the sidewalls are connected to the protruding reinforcements protruding at predetermined positions, and the horizontal reinforcements are connected to these vertical reinforcements of the sidewalls, and the reinforcements of the sidewalls are constructed.

Next, formwork was assembled on both sides of the constructed side wall reinforcing bars,
Concrete will be poured inside and the side walls will be constructed.

After the concrete for the side walls has hardened, the formwork is dismantled and the space outside the side walls is filled in to complete the construction.

``Problem to be solved by the inventionJ However, in the conventional basement technology, the construction work involves pouring concrete on-site;
There were drawbacks such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period.

Moreover, in construction work using cast-in-place concrete, when building side walls, it is necessary to provide space for assembling formwork on both sides of the side wall reinforcing bars, and the ground must be dug wider than the construction area. There were problems such as high cost.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve these problems, the inventors of the present invention found that if the entire basement was constructed by joining precast concrete blocks, work efficiency on site would be improved. They came up with the idea that the area required for excavation would be small because this would result in the formation of

However, even if you simply divide the inside of the basement into blocks, the blocks themselves will become larger and the number of types will increase, which will complicate the construction work on site. left behind.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to be able to form a basement using fewer types of precast concrete blocks, improve work efficiency on site, and The object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated concrete basement that can reduce construction costs.

``Means for Solving the Problems'' In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a structure in which a house is constructed at the upper end of a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose top surface is open by a bottom plate portion and side plate portions surrounding the bottom plate portion. The basement is configured to house a building and to be integrated with an underground unit, the underground unit being composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, - A girder part is formed at the upper end of the side plate part of these blocks, which is thicker than the thickness of the side plate part and acts as a beam, extending from one end of the side plate part in the length direction to the other end. It is something.

"Function" According to the prefabricated concrete basement with the above configuration, the underground unit is constructed from a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the side panels of these blocks are Since the girder is integrally molded, the underground unit can be formed by simply connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction, and assembly can be easily carried out on site.

Moreover, since the underground unit formed by assembling the blocks is provided with a girder, the girder can bear the load of the building that constitutes the house, and
This allows the underground unit itself to act as a foundation for a house.

"Embodiment" Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 1O.

In these figures, reference numeral G indicates a basement according to the present invention, and this basement G has two types of underground units 1 in the shape of a rectangular box with an open top surface formed by a bottom plate Y and a side plate S surrounding the bottom plate Y. It is composed mainly of .2, and
A building H constituting a house can be placed on the upper end of these underground units 1.2.

In the embodiment, the underground units 1.2 are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction (in the illustrated example, the underground units 1.2 are placed in between and the underground units 1 are adjacent to each other on the left and right sides of the underground units 1.2). The basic structure is that these underground units 1.2 are integrated by connecting the adjacent side plate parts of 2 to each other via connecting bolts and connecting hardware that pass through the side plate parts, and the underground unit 1. .2 also acts as a foundation, on which a building H such as a house is placed.

Next, a specific example of the underground unit that is the main component of this basement will be explained. First, the underground unit 1 that constitutes the left and right sides of this basement Concrete blocks (main block 10, end wall block 11)
are connected to each other with a water-stopping joint material interposed between them, and are assembled by integrating them with PCmC construction materials placed above and below the block.

The blocks 10 and 11 are each manufactured in advance in a factory to a predetermined shape and size, and the main block 10
constitutes the central part of the underground unit 1, and the end wall blocks 11 constitute the end walls at both ends of the underground unit 1.

All of these blocks 1o and 11 are brought into abutment at their end faces, and prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 that passes through these blocks, thereby firmly connecting each block to form an underground unit. It is what is being formed.

Additionally, joint material is installed on the end faces of the blocks to ensure sufficient watertightness for the underground unit.

The main body block IO is formed into a U-shape in longitudinal section by a bottom plate portion 10a and opposing side plate portions Job, 10c.
A sheath tube for passing the material 13 is provided, and a circumferential beam portion 10 is provided at the upper end of the side plate portions 10b, 10c to be thicker than the side plate portions 10b, 10c and acts as a beam.
g is formed from one end to the other end in the length direction of the side plate portion. As shown in FIG. 10, this girder portion 10g has a mounting portion 1゜h on which the short girder 15 is placed, and a long bolt passing through the upper and lower portions of the short girder 15 is formed to protrude from the girder portion 10g. 16 into the insert 17, it can be firmly fixed to the mounting portion 10h. Of course, a sheath pipe for passing the PCiC material is also provided in this circumferential beam part.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, bolts and nuts 18a are attached to the side plates 10b and 10c as necessary.
, 18b is attached.

In the embodiment, among the side plate parts 10b and 10c constituting the main body block 10, the thickness W of the side plate part 10c on the side to be joined to the underground unit 2 is 2/3 of the thickness T of the other side plate part 10b. This is to prevent the thickness of the wall in this area from becoming too thick when the side panels 10c are overlapped.8 In addition, in the embodiment, the underground unit An insertion hole 10e through which a connection port 29 for connection is passed is provided, and four portions 10d are formed in the bottom plate portion 10a facing the side plate portion 10c to communicate the upper surface of the bottom plate portion with the outer surface of the block. An insert 31 is buried in the recess 10, and a connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit is inserted into the recess 10.
d (see Figures 7 and 8).

On the other hand, gable wall block 1 constituting both ends of underground unit l
1 is a bottom plate portion 1 formed in a rectangular shape, as shown in FIG.
1a and a side plate portion 11b surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion 11a.
, llc, and lld, and in the embodiment, the side plate portion 11c constitutes the end wall of the underground unit 1.

Also in this end wall block 11, the thickness W of the side plate portion 11d on the side to be joined to the underground unit 2 is set to 2/3 of the thickness T of the other side plate portion 11b, and Care has been taken to ensure that the wall thickness in this area does not become too thick when the side panels of the unit are stacked on top of each other. Also, a side plate portion 11 that surrounds three sides of the bottom plate portion 11a is provided.
b, 11C1lid has a side plate portion 11b, llc at the upper end.
A circumferential beam portion 11g that is thicker than the plate thickness of the side plate portions 11b, llc, and 11d and acts as a beam is formed extending from one end to the other end in the length direction of the side plate portions 11b, llc, and 11d (see FIG. 3).

Incidentally, sheath tubes for passing the PCf14 material 13 are opened in the end walls of the left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 11a and the girder portions 11g provided on the left and right side plate portions, respectively. The opening of the tube serves as a fixing portion for the PC steel material 13.

Next, the configuration of the underground unit 2 sandwiched between the underground units 1 will be explained.

Basically, this underground unit 2 also has a plurality of precast concrete blocks (main block 20, end wall block 21) divided along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, similar to the above-mentioned underground unit 1. They are connected to each other with a water-stopping joint material interposed therebetween, and are integrally assembled using prestressed steel material 13.

In addition, there are two types of blocks 20 that make up the underground unit 2.
．． 21 is basically the same as the block of underground unit 1, the end faces of blocks 20 and 21 are butted against each other,
Prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 that passes through these blocks.

The main block 20 is formed into a U-shape in longitudinal section by a bottom plate part 20a and opposing side plate parts 20b and 20c, and the end wall blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2
This block is similar to the blocks 10 and 11 described above in that it is formed by a rectangular bottom plate portion 21a and side plate portions 21b, 21c, and 21d surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion 21a.

However, in this underground unit 2, due to the structure that it is installed between the underground units 1, the main block 20 that constitutes the center part of the underground unit 2 and the end wall block 21 that constitutes the end wall of the underground unit. It is characterized in that the opposing left and right side plate parts 20b, 20c, 21b, and 21d are each formed to have a size that is two-thirds of the thickness T of the side plate part 10b that constitutes the outer wall of the main body block 10. There is.

In addition, in these blocks 20.21 as well, a circumferential beam part 21g that acts as a beam is formed at the upper end of the side plate parts 20b, 20c, 21b, and 21d, extending from one end of the side plate part in the length direction to the other end. At that point, install the sheath tube of PC##13. r: s, side plate parts 20b, 20c as necessary
etc., a point for attaching the joint hardware 18, a recess 20d for fixing the connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit, and a connecting bolt 2.
It is the same as the block 10.11 described above in that the insertion hole 20e through which the block 9 is inserted is provided.

By the way, for House H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on top of basement unit 1.
For example, a house is constructed by assembling the wall panels on the first floor, the floor panels on the second floor, and the wall panels on the second floor, and then assembling frames, timber, etc., and then assembling the roof panels. The building is not limited to this type of construction, and may be constructed using conventional construction methods, unit housing, or the like.

In addition, in the case of a house built using each of the above-mentioned panel construction methods, the connection between the house and the girder is achieved by, for example, providing anchor bolts protruding from the upper surface of the girder, and connecting panels such as walls and floors via these anchor bolts. All you have to do is integrate them.

Next, the function of the basement constructed in this way will be explained along with its construction method.

First, each precast concrete block constituting the underground unit 1.2 is formed by casting concrete or the like into a predetermined size and shape in a factory.

Then, these blocks are transported to the work site by truck, but at this time, the blocks are formed in a U-shaped cross section divided by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, so the type of block is Two types are required: one that forms the center of the unit and one that forms the gable wall. Especially when configuring a large basement, it can be accommodated by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks. Therefore, there is no need to increase the size of the block itself, and transportability to the site can be extremely improved.

Next, in order to assemble the basement on site, the roots of the ground where the basement is to be constructed are cut, a hole of a specified size is dug, and then the process goes through the cracking process and the pouring process of concrete. , the foundation part B is constructed, and at this time, the blocks are installed by embedding steel pipes 40 that serve as level standards (see Fig. 3 (a)).

Next, the blocks are lifted from the truck using a crane, etc., and then assembled and joined one after another, and the assembly order is shown in Figures 3 (a) to 2).
It is carried out using the following process.

That is, the first installation starts from the center of the arrangement (in the example, the center of the underground 2 unit 2) as shown in FIG. The main block 10 of the underground unit l is located on the left and right of the main block 20.
join.

At this time (when joining the main body blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 on the left and right sides), the connecting hardware 3 is attached between the main body blocks 10 and 20.
0, and each block is integrated using a connecting port 29 passing through these blocks.

After that, while joining the main body block 20 of the underground unit 20 in its axial direction, the main body blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 are installed and joined on the left and right sides of the main body block 20 each time, and finally a gable wall is formed. Gable wall block 11.
21, and insert PCfI4 material 1 into the sheath hole of each block.
3, and tighten it with jacks to fix both ends to introduce prestress (Fig. 3 (d)
reference).

Note that after the PCM material 13 is tensioned, grout is filled into the sheath pipe.

After tensioning the PC steel material 13, as shown in FIG. 3(d), short girders 15 are assembled between the girders of the underground unit to complete the basement.

After tensioning the PCM material 13 and installing the girders 15 as described above, grout is injected between the bottom plate of the block and the foundation concrete, and the gap between the bottom plate and the foundation concrete is filled. Fill with grout and make the bottom plate of each block adhere to the foundation (see Figure 3 (e)).

Then, when the internal finishing work is finally completed,
The basement as shown in Figure 3 (f) is completed.

On the other hand, in the construction of the house H, for example, if the house is mainly composed of panels, unitized floor panels are laid on the girders, and the first and second floors are constructed on top of the unitized floor panels. A method is used to construct a building by assembling the wall panels, then assembling frames, timber, etc., and then assembling the roof panels.

Each wall panel on the first floor may be fixed together by inserting a hole at the lower end of the wall panel into an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of a concrete girder and tightening the bolt.

According to the above procedure, the blocks are installed from the center of the arrangement, and the professional 7 rods are assembled on the left, right, front and back of the blocks, so each block can be installed and joined with precision inside the root cut hole. Good〈Can be implemented.

In the basement of the example, the blocks 1O111, 20, and 21 constituting the underground unit have the side plates to be joined to be 2/3 thicker than the other side plates, so the side plates cannot be joined to each other. The side walls that serve as partitions do not increase in thickness even when stacked on top of each other, and even in a basement where multiple underground units are connected in the radial direction, members can be used effectively and the thickness of internal partition walls can be reduced. It has the advantage of not increasing.

In addition, in this example, the underground unit constituting the basement was constructed using a plurality of precast concrete blocks that were divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, so that the underground unit could be constructed by simply connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction. It can be formed into a unit and can be easily assembled in the field.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the girder of the basement is used as the foundation, and the house H is assembled on top of this, so the construction work of the foundation, which was required in the past, can be omitted. Since a basement can be formed without being restricted by location, there is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and it goes without saying that the size, shape, etc. of the blocks can be changed depending on the design requirements. Furthermore, it goes without saying that each block forming an entrance to a room may have an opening forming an entrance, if necessary.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, the present invention provides a structure in which a building constituting a house is mounted on the upper end of a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose top surface is open by a bottom plate part and a side plate part surrounding the bottom plate part. A basement integrated with an underground unit, wherein the underground unit is composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks divided along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and the side panels of these blocks are The feature is that a girder part is formed at the upper end to be thicker than the side plate part and acts as a beam, extending from one end of the side plate part to the other end in the length direction. It is possible to achieve excellent effects such as:

(a) The underground unit, which is the main part of the basement frame, is constructed using precast concrete blocks that are divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. It can be formed into a unit and can be easily assembled in the field.

Moreover, in the present invention, since the girder is provided in the underground unit formed by assembling the blocks, the girder can bear the load of the building that constitutes the house, and this allows the underground Another effect is that the unit itself can be used as the foundation of a house.

(b) The underground unit, which is the main part of the basement, is constructed by connecting multiple precast concrete blocks, so compared to a basement made of cast-in-place concrete, the excavation of the cutting hole is smaller, simplifying on-site work. It also has the advantage of being configurable.

(C) Even if the number of underground units is increased, the construction process does not change, and this can be done by simply increasing the work of joining blocks, so it is possible to cope with the increase in the size of the basement extremely easily.

(d) As described above, the basement can be formed using fewer types of precast concrete blocks, so on-site work efficiency can be improved and construction costs can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show one embodiment of the frame structure of a prefabricated concrete basement according to the present invention.
The figure is a side sectional view, Figures 3 (a) to 3) are perspective views showing the construction process of this basement, and Figure 4 is a sectional view showing the connecting structure of the side panels of adjacent underground units. , FIG. 5 is a plan view of a joint fitting that connects blocks, FIG. 6 is a sectional view thereof, FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a connecting fitting that connects adjacent underground units, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view thereof.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a block constituting the end wall, and FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a joint structure between the circumferential beam and a short circumferential beam. G...basement, H...house, l, 2.
...Underground unit, 10.11.20.21...
...Precast concrete block, 13...
...PC steel material, 15...Giao Liang, 16...
...Long bolt, 17...Insert, 18.
...Joint hardware, 30...Connection hardware.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A building constituting a house is mounted on the upper end of a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose top surface is open through a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the bottom plate portion, and is integrated with the underground unit. The underground unit is composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and a plate of the side plate is attached to the upper end of the side plate of these blocks. A prefabricated concrete basement, characterized in that a girder part that is thicker than the wall thickness and acts as a beam is formed extending from one end of the side plate part in the length direction to the other end.