JP2781640B2 - Construction method of concrete basement - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for constructing a prefabricated concrete basement, and more particularly to a method for constructing a basement formed by integrating a plurality of precast concrete blocks into a box-shaped basement unit. It relates to the construction method.

"Conventional technology" Basements have been installed even in ordinary houses due to the deterioration of housing conditions in recent years.

Conventionally, in many cases, the basement of a house is configured as an underground storage, and its structure is also obtained, for example, by mounting a container-shaped capsule through a hole dug in the ground via an anchor bolt and refilling the hole. (For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-15663, "Underground storage and its manufacturing method")
reference).

However, since the basement having such a configuration functions as an underground storage, the inside size is small as a whole, and the function required as a living room of a house is not sufficiently satisfied. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a tendency to make the entire room larger by making the basement concrete.

Such a reinforced concrete basement is generally constructed, for example, by cast-in-place concrete. This is, first, using a power shovel or the like, excavation work is performed slightly wider than the site of the basement, then lay a gravel etc. on the bottom, and lay concrete on the gravel laid, Perform the construction of so-called basic concrete.

Then, the floor reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is poured into the floor reinforcing bars. At this time, the protruding bars connected to the reinforcing bars on the side walls project from the surface of the concrete at the positions where the side walls are erected. It is arranged so that it does.

Next, after the concrete on the floor is hardened, the vertical bars of the side walls are connected to the projecting bars protruding at the predetermined positions, and the horizontal bars are connected to the vertical bars of these side walls, and the reinforcing bars of the side walls are constructed.

Next, a formwork is assembled on both sides of the rebar on the constructed side wall, and concrete is poured into the formwork to construct the side wall.

Then, after the concrete on the side wall is solidified, the formwork is dismantled, and the space outside the side wall is filled to complete it.

“Problems to be solved by the invention” However, in the conventional basement technology, since the construction work is the construction work of cast-in-place concrete, there are disadvantages such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period. Was.

Moreover, in the construction work using cast-in-place concrete,
When constructing the side wall, it is necessary to provide a space for assembling the formwork on both sides of the side wall rebar, and it is necessary to dig deeper than the construction area, resulting in higher costs. Was.

Accordingly, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve these problems, and as a result, if the entire basement is constructed by joining precast concrete blocks, the work efficiency at the site is improved, and the basement is merely installed by installing the blocks. Is formed, so that the excavation area can be reduced.

However, even if the interior of the basement is simply partitioned and divided into blocks, the size of the blocks themselves increases, and the types of blocks increase, complicating construction work on site. Is left.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is to make it possible to form a basement by using a small number of types of precast concrete blocks, thereby improving work efficiency on site, and An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a concrete basement that can reduce construction costs.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a rectangular box-shaped underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the bottom plate portion. A concrete assembling underground water construction method in which adjacent underground units are arranged in an adjacent state, and adjacent underground units are mutually joined and integrated, wherein the underground unit is divided by a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to a longitudinal direction thereof. , A bottom plate and a main body having a U-shaped vertical section composed of opposed side plates, and a bottom plate and a wife wall composed of side plates surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate. The main block located at the center of the basement to be built is first installed as a reference block. Click it will extend the underground unit while mounting the left and right front and rear body block respectively centered on, and is characterized in attaching the final gable wall blocks forming a gable wall.

According to the construction method of the concrete-assembled basement having the above-described configuration, the main body blocks constituting the respective underground units are installed and joined radially around the main body block,
In the end, the basement can be built by attaching the wall blocks, so that the basement unit can be formed by simple work of connecting these blocks to each other in the width direction and the longitudinal direction, and Can easily be assembled.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a method of constructing a prefabricated concrete basement according to the present invention, and shows a method of constructing a basement comprising three underground units.

First, with reference to FIG. 1, a basic concept when implementing the construction method according to the present invention will be described. If the basement is made of precast concrete, the problem is that simply dividing the interior of the basement to be built and dividing each into blocks will increase the size of the blocks themselves and increase the number of types, Construction work on site is complicated.

Therefore, in the present invention, as a basement to be constructed, the basement unit is composed of rectangular box-type basement units 1 and 2 whose upper surfaces are opened by a bottom plate and a side plate surrounding the bottom plate. A plurality of adjacent underground units 1 and 2 are connected to each other in an integrated manner in the width direction, and the underground units 1 and 2 are integrated with each other. In order to improve the transportability and the workability, taking into account the properties and the like, the underground units 1 and 2 are each divided into a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and have a U-shaped vertical cross section. It is composed of blocks 10 and 20 and end wall blocks 11 and 21 forming both ends of the underground unit.

And when assembling the underground units 1 and 2,
After the construction of the foundation, first install the main body block 20 located at the center of the basement to be built as a reference block,
With the main body block 20 as the center and the main body blocks 10 and 20 installed on the left, right, front and rear, respectively,
Wall block that eventually extends and eventually forms the wall
11 and 21 are attached.

Next, a specific example of an underground unit used in this construction method will be described with reference to FIGS.

2 and 3 are cross-sectional views schematically showing a prefabricated concrete basement, in which G is a basement, and H is a house housed on the basement.

The basement G is a state in which two types of rectangular box-shaped basement units 1 and 2 having an open upper surface are adjacent to each other in the width direction (in the illustrated example, the basement unit 1 is adjacent to the left and right sides of the basement unit 2 with the basement unit 2 interposed therebetween). Underground units 1, 2
Are connected to each other via connecting bolts and metal fittings penetrating the side plate portions, and have a basic structure in which these underground units 1 and 2 are integrated. In the illustrated example, the underground units 1 and 2 also serve as a foundation, on which a building H such as a house is mounted.

The underground unit 1 constituting the left and right sides of the basement is formed by connecting a plurality of precast concrete body blocks 10 and 11 divided by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the basement unit with water blocking joints interposed therebetween. , PC steel material 13 is integrated and assembled, and the main body block 10,
At the upper end of 11 are two types of long and short bridges 1 that connect each block
Four and fifteen are bridged.

The main body blocks 10 and 11 are each manufactured in advance in a predetermined shape and size at a factory, and the main body blocks 10 and 11 are manufactured.
Constitutes the central part of the underground unit 1, and the end wall blocks 11 constitute the end walls of both ends of the underground unit 1.

The end faces of all of the main body block 10 and the end wall block 11 are abutted with each other, and a prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 penetrating these blocks, whereby each block is firmly connected. To form an underground unit.

In addition, a joint material is applied to the end face of the block to ensure sufficient watertightness of the underground unit.

The main body block 10 is formed in a U-shaped vertical section by a bottom plate portion 10a and opposed side plate portions 10b and 10c, and a sheath tube for passing a PC steel 13 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 10a. As well as the side plates 10b, 10c
An insert 17 for screwing a long bolt 16 for fixing the beams 14, 15 is buried in the upper end (see FIG. 5).

In the illustrated example, the long bolt 16 is mainly composed of a shaft 16a on which a male screw is formed, and a nut 16c which is screwed on the shaft 16a via a fixing plate 16b. .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a joint fitting 18 having a structure that can be stopped by bolts and nuts 18a and 18b is attached to the side plate portions 10b and 10c as necessary.

In the present invention, the thickness W of the side plate portion 10c of the side plate portion 10b, 10c constituting the main body block 10 on the side joined to the underground unit 2 is about the thickness T of the other side plate portion 10b.
It is characterized by being set to 2/3 the size, so that when the side plates are overlapped, the thickness of the wall at this portion is not increased.

In the embodiment, an insertion hole 10e through which a connection bolt 29 for connecting the underground unit is provided in the side plate portion 10c, and further, a bottom plate portion 10a facing the side plate portion 10c communicates the bottom plate portion upper surface and the outer surface of the block. A recess 10d is formed,
An insert 31 is buried in the recess 10d, so that the metal fitting 30 for connecting the underground unit can be fixed to the recess 10d (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

On the other hand, the end wall blocks that constitute both ends of the basement unit 1
11 is a bottom plate portion 11 formed in a rectangular shape as shown in FIG.
a and side plates 11b, 11c, 11 surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate 11a.
In the embodiment, the side plate portion 11c forms the end wall of the underground unit 1.

Also in the rear wall block 11, the thickness W of the side plate 11 d on the side joined to the underground unit 2 is the same as that of the other side plate 1.
The thickness T is set to about 2/3 of the thickness T of 1b, so that when the side plates of adjacent underground units are overlapped, the thickness of the wall of this portion is not increased.

The left and right sides of the bottom plate 11a are each made of PC steel 1
A sheath tube through which the tube 3 passes is provided on the end wall, and the opening of the sheath tube is a fixing portion of the PC steel 13.

On the other hand, each side plate portion 11b, 11c, 11d of the wife wall block 11
As shown in FIG. 5, an insert 17 for screwing a long bolt 16 for stopping the joists 14, 15 is also embedded in the upper end of the insert.

Next, underground unit 2 sandwiched between underground units 1
Will be described.

This underground unit 2 is basically made of a plurality of precast concrete blocks 20 and 21 divided by a surface orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, as in the above-described underground unit 1, and is used as a joint material for stopping water. The blocks 20 and 21 are integrally connected with each other by interposing them, and two blocks of long and short beams 14 and 15 are bridged over the upper ends of the blocks 20 and 21 so as to connect these blocks. Have been.

Also, two types of blocks 2 that make up the underground unit 2
Basically, the end faces of the blocks 20 and 21 abut against each other in the same manner as the blocks of the underground unit 1 and the prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel 13 penetrating these blocks. ing.

The main body block 20 is formed in a U-shaped vertical section by a bottom plate portion 20a and opposed side plate portions 20b and 20c.
The point that the end wall blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2 are formed by a rectangular bottom plate portion 21a and side plate portions 21b, 21c, and 21d surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate portion 21a is the same as the main body block described above. Same as 10 and 11.

However, the structure of the underground unit 2 is sandwiched between the underground units 1 so that
The left and right side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21d of the main block 20 constituting the central portion of the main body block and the rear wall block 21 forming the main wall portion of the basement unit constitute side walls of the main block 10, respectively. It is characterized in that it is formed to be about 2/3 of the thickness T of 10b.

Note that the PC steel 13
Of providing the sheath tube of the side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21c, 21
At the upper end of d, a point to embed an insert 17 for screwing a long bolt 16 for stopping the beams 14, 15 respectively, a point to attach a fitting hardware 18 to the side plates 20b, 20c, etc., if necessary, for connecting the underground unit The recesses 20d for fixing the connecting hardware 30 and the insertion holes 20e for passing the connecting bolts 29 are provided in the same manner as the main body blocks 10 and 11 described above.

A description will be given of the two types of long beams 14 and 15 which are bridged over the upper ends of the main body block 10 and the end wall block 11. Each of the short beams 14 and 15 is formed in a quadrangular prism shape by precast concrete and connected in the longitudinal direction. The upper ends of the main blocks 10, 11, 20, and 21 are fixed, and the first floor panel of the upper building (a house in the illustrated example) is supported. It is configured to be fixed on a side plate portion along the direction by a long bolt 16 penetrating up and down of the beam 14.

As shown in FIG. 11,
A mounting portion 14a for mounting the short berth 15 is formed so as to protrude, and a long bolt 16 penetrating up and down of the short berth 15 is screwed into the insert 17 so that it can be firmly fixed to the mounting portion 14a. Has become. In addition, although the above-mentioned girder 15 is made of precast concrete in the embodiment, it may be made of H-shaped steel.

By the way, as the house H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on the girder 14, and a first-floor wall panel, a second-floor floor panel, and a second-floor wall panel are assembled thereon.
Furthermore, there is a configuration in which a roof panel is assembled by forming a frame, a wooden frame, and the like, but the configuration of a house is not limited to such a configuration, and is constructed by a conventional construction method. It may be a thing or a unit house.

In addition, in the case of a house by the above-mentioned panel construction method, the joint between the house and the girder is provided, for example, by protruding an anchor bolt on the upper surface of the girder, and panels such as walls and floors are provided via the anchor bolt. What is necessary is just to integrate.

Next, a method of actually constructing a basement using the underground unit and the like configured as described above and the operation thereof will be described.

First, each precast concrete block constituting the underground units 1 and 2 is formed in a factory in advance by casting concrete and the like into a predetermined size and shape integrally with concrete or the like.

These blocks are transported to the work site by trucks. At this time, since the blocks are formed in a U-shaped cross section divided by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, the type of the blocks is underground. U-shaped one that forms the central part of the unit and one that forms the wall
It is possible to use various types, especially when constructing a large basement, it can be handled by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks, so there is no need to increase the size of the blocks themselves, and transportability to the site is extremely good. can do.

Next, at the site, in order to assemble the basement, the ground is to be cut off to construct the basement, a hole of a predetermined size is dug, and then the splittering process and the concrete dumping process are performed. Then, the foundation is constructed, and at this time, a steel pipe 40 which is a reference of the block installation level is embedded (see FIG. 1 (a)).

Next, the blocks are suspended from the truck using a crane or the like, and the blocks are successively combined and joined. The assembling sequence is performed according to the steps shown in FIGS.

That is, the first installation starts from the center of the arrangement (the center of the underground unit 2 in the embodiment) as shown in FIG. 1 (b), and then starts as shown in FIG. 1 (c). The main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 is joined to the left and right of 20.

At this time (when joining the main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 to the left and right), the connecting hardware 30 is inserted between the main body blocks 10 and 20, and the blocks are integrated using connecting bolts penetrating these blocks. .

After that, while joining the blocks 20 of the underground unit 2 in the axial direction, the main body blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 are installed and joined to the left and right of the block 20 each time, and finally the wife wall forming the wife wall is formed. The blocks 11 and 21 are attached, the PC steel 13 is inserted into the sheath hole of each block, and this is tensioned by a jack to fix both ends to introduce prestress (see FIG. 1 (e)). After the tension of the PC steel material 13, grout is filled in the sheath tube.

After the tension of the PC steel material 13, as shown in FIG. 1 (f), a long berth 14 is mounted on the side plate of the underground unit, and as shown in FIG. Assemble the beams 15 to complete the basement frame.

As described above, when the tension of the PC steel 13 and the mounting of the beams 14 and 15 are completed, grout is injected between the bottom plate portion of the block and the foundation concrete, and the grout is injected between the bottom plate portion and the foundation concrete. Is filled with grout, and the bottom plate of each block is brought into close contact with the foundation.

Then, when the internal finishing work and the like are finally completed, a basement as shown in FIG. 1 (R) is completed.

On the other hand, the construction of the house H is performed, for example, when the structure of the house is mainly composed of panels,
Lay a unitized floor panel on top of
A method of assembling a floor panel, as well as assembling a wall panel on the second floor, further constructing a roof panel by assembling a frame, a timber frame, or the like, is adopted.

In addition, each wall panel on the first floor portion may be integrated by dropping a hole at the lower end of the wall panel into an anchor bolt projecting from the upper surface of the concrete berth and tightening the bolt.

According to the above procedure, the blocks are installed from the center of the arrangement, and the blocks are assembled on the left, right, front and back of the block, so the installation and joining work of each block is performed accurately inside the root cut hole I can do it. That is, in the present invention, since other blocks are joined based on the main body block located at the center of the basement, no block is largely separated from the main body block used as the reference, so that the reference block is used. Can be reduced,
The joining operation can be performed with high accuracy.

In the embodiment, the main body blocks 10 and 20 and the end wall blocks 11 and 21 that constitute the underground unit each have a side plate portion to be joined having a thickness of about 2/3 of that of the other side plate portions. Even when the side plates are joined together and overlapped, the side walls serving as partitions do not particularly increase in thickness, so that even in an underground room configured to connect a plurality of underground units in the width direction, members can be effectively used. This has the advantage that the thickness of the inner partition wall does not increase.

In the embodiment, the underground unit constituting the basement is
Since the building is constructed with a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, an underground unit can be formed by simple work of connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction, facilitating on-site assembly. Can be implemented.

Further, in the embodiment, since the house H is assembled on the base of the basement of the basement, it is possible to omit the construction work of the foundation which was conventionally required. Since the basement can be formed without any restriction, there is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the size of the block,
It goes without saying that the shape and the like can be changed. Also, in each block of the portion forming the entrance of the room, of course, if necessary, an opening constituting the entrance is formed, in this case, instead of the side plate portion of the unit, The bottom plates of the units are connected.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, the present invention arranges a plurality of rectangular box-shaped underground units whose upper surfaces are opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the periphery of the bottom plate portion in a state of being adjacent to each other in a width direction thereof, A method for constructing an assembling basement made of concrete in which adjacent underground units are joined to each other and integrated, wherein the underground unit is divided by a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the basement unit, and a bottom plate portion and a facing plate are formed. The main body portion has a U-shaped vertical cross-section, and a bottom wall portion and a skirt wall portion, which surrounds three surfaces around the bottom plate portion. It is manufactured as a block, and is installed first with the main block located in the center of the basement to be built as the reference block, and with the main block as the center, Later, the basement unit is extended while installing the main body blocks, and finally the dam wall block that forms the wife wall is attached,
The following excellent effects can be obtained.

(A) An underground unit, which is the main part of the basement frame, is constructed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and each underground unit is formed radially around the main body block. The base block is installed and joined, and finally the basement is constructed by attaching the wall block, so simple work of connecting these blocks to each other in the width direction and longitudinal direction As a result, an underground unit can be formed, and assembling at the site can be easily performed. As a result, work efficiency at the site can be improved and construction costs can be reduced.

(B) Since the underground unit, which is the main part of the basement, is made up of a plurality of precast concrete blocks connected, excavation of root cut holes is smaller than that of the basement made of cast-in-place concrete, simplifying site work. There is also an advantage that it can be converted.

(C) Even if the number of underground units is increased, the construction process does not change, and it can be dealt with only by increasing the joining work of the blocks. Therefore, it is possible to very easily cope with the enlargement of the basement.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings show an embodiment of the method for constructing a concrete assembling basement according to the present invention, and FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (i) are perspective views showing the construction process of this basement, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state where a house is placed on the top, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure of side plates of adjacent underground units, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of a joint fitting for connecting blocks, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view thereof, FIG. 8 is a plan view of a connecting hardware connecting adjacent underground units, FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a block constituting the end wall portion, and FIG. G ... basement, H ... house, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... basement unit, 10, 11, 20, 21 ... precast concrete block, 13 ... PC steel, 14, 15 ... 18… Fitting hardware, 30… Connection hardware.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-233250 (JP, A) JP-A-61-68149 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E02D 29/00 E04B 1/348

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rectangular box-shaped underground unit having an upper surface opened by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the bottom plate portion is arranged in plural in a state of being adjacent to each other in a width direction thereof, and the adjacent underground units are joined to each other. A method of constructing a concrete assembling basement, which is integrated and divided into a plurality of surfaces orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the basement unit, and a U-shaped vertical section including a bottom plate portion and an opposing side plate portion. The main body of the mold is divided into a bottom wall portion and a wife wall portion comprising a side plate portion surrounding three surfaces around the bottom plate portion, and these portions are respectively manufactured as a main body block and a wife wall block by precast concrete, and built. The main block located at the center of the basement should be installed first as a reference block. With gradually extending the underground unit while, finally concrete assembled type basement methods construction, characterized in that attaching the gable wall blocks forming gable wall.