JPH0427026A - Assembly type concrete underground room - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make underground room assembling work easier by forming a main body block having a U-shaped profile and constituted of a bottom board section and side board sections facing each other and a gable wall block constituted of a bottom board section and side board sections surrounding three sides of the bottom board sect ion. CONSTITUTION:Underground units 1 constituting the right and left parts of an underground room G are assembled in such a way that a plurality of precast concrete main body blocks 10 and gable wall blocks 11 divided in a plane perpendicular to the length direction of the units 1 are coupled with each other with a water stopping join material in between and are united to one body with PC steel members 13. Then two kinds of long and short beams 14 and 15 used for coupling the blocks 10 and 11 with each other are put on the top of the blocks 10 and 11. Thereafter, the central part of each unit 1 is constituted of the blocks 10 and gable wall sections at both ends of the unit 1 are constituted of the blocks 11. Therefore, the underground units 1 can be assembled easily at a job site, because they can be formed by simple work.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a prefabricated concrete basement suitable as a basement of a house, and in particular is formed by an underground unit formed by integrating a plurality of precast concrete blocks into a box shape. It's about the basement.

``Prior Art'' Due to the worsening housing situation in recent years, basements have been installed in ordinary houses as well.

Traditionally, the basements of houses were often configured as underground storage, so the structure was also made up of, for example, container-shaped capsules.
It was installed in a hole dug in the ground via an anchor bolt, and then the hole was backfilled.
reference).

However, since the basement of this type of configuration functions as an underground storage, the overall internal size is small and does not fully satisfy the functions required as a living room in a house. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a trend to make basements made of concrete and make the entire room larger.

Such reinforced concrete basements are generally constructed using cast-in-place concrete, for example. First, use a power shovel or the like to excavate a bit wider than the basement site, then spread gravel at the bottom of the excavation, and pour concrete on top of the gravel. So-called foundation concrete construction will be carried out.

Then, the floor reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is poured onto the floor reinforcing bars. At this time, protruding bars connected to the side wall reinforcing bars protrude from the surface of the concrete at the positions where the side walls will be erected. Set it up so that it does.

Next, after the concrete on the floor hardens, connect the vertical reinforcements of wall A to the protruding reinforcements that protrude at the predetermined positions, connect the horizontal reinforcements to these vertical reinforcements on the side walls, and construct the reinforcement for the side walls. .

Next, formwork was assembled on both sides of the constructed side wall reinforcing bars,
Concrete will be poured inside and the side walls will be constructed.

After the concrete for the side walls has hardened, the formwork is dismantled and the space outside the side walls is filled in to complete the construction.

``Problem to be solved by the invention'' However, in the conventional basement technology, the construction work involves pouring concrete on site, so
There were drawbacks such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period.

Moreover, in construction work using cast-in-place concrete, when building side walls, it is necessary to provide space for assembling formwork on both sides of the side wall reinforcing bars, and the ground must be dug wider than the construction area. There were problems such as high cost.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve these problems, the inventors of the present invention found that if the entire basement was constructed by joining precast concrete blocks, work efficiency on site would be improved. They came up with the idea that the area required for excavation would be small because this would result in the formation of

However, even if the inside of the basement is simply divided into blocks, the thickness of the blocks themselves will increase, and the number of types will increase, making on-site construction work more complicated. is left behind.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to be able to form a basement using fewer types of precast concrete blocks, improve work efficiency on site, and The object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated concrete basement that can reduce construction costs.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose upper surface is open by a bottom plate part and a side plate part surrounding the bottom plate part, and a side plate of this underground unit. The above-mentioned underground unit is divided by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit. A main body block with a U-shaped longitudinal section, which is composed of two types of precast concrete structures, and which is composed of a bottom plate part and opposing side plate parts, a bottom plate part, and a surrounding area 3 of this bottom plate part.
It is characterized by a gable wall block consisting of side panels surrounding the surface.

"Function" According to the prefabricated concrete basement with the above configuration, the underground unit is constructed using a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The underground unit can be formed by the simple operation of connecting to the ground and then constructing a girder over it, making it easy to assemble on-site.

"Embodiment" An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.

In these figures, reference numeral G designates the basement according to the present invention, and this basement G is composed of two types of underground units L each having a rectangular box shape with an open top surface formed by a bottom plate Y and a side plate S surrounding the bottom plate Y. , 2, and a girder 14 of two types, long and short, which spans the upper end of the side plate of this underground unit 1.2 along the side plate and on which the building H constituting the house is placed.
It is mainly composed of 15.

In the embodiment, the underground units 1.2 are arranged adjacent to each other in the radial direction (in the illustrated example, the underground units 1.2 are placed in between and the underground units 1 are placed adjacent to each other on the left and right sides of the underground units 1.2). The basic structure is that the underground units 1 and 2 are integrated by connecting the adjacent side plate parts of 2 to each other via connecting bolts and connecting hardware that pass through the side plate parts. .2 also acts as a foundation, on which a building H such as a house is placed.

Next, a specific example of the underground unit that is the main component of this basement will be explained. First, the underground unit 1 that constitutes the left and right sides of this basement Concrete blocks (main block 10, end wall block 11)
are connected to each other with a water-stopping joint material interposed between them, and are assembled integrally with PC steel material 13. Also, at the upper end of the main body block lO1 and end wall block 11, there are two types of long and short pieces for connecting each block. It has girders 14 and 15 spanning over it.

The blocks 10 and 11 are each manufactured in advance in a factory to a predetermined shape and size, and the main block 10
constitutes the central part of the underground unit 1, and the end wall blocks 11 constitute the end walls of both ends of the underground unit 1.

All of these blocks 1O111 are brought into abutment at their end faces, and prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 that passes through these blocks, whereby each block is firmly connected to form an underground unit. It is something that

Additionally, joint material is installed on the end faces of the blocks to ensure sufficient watertightness for the underground unit.

The main body block 10 is formed into a 0-shaped longitudinal section by a bottom plate portion 10a and opposing side plate portions Job, 10c, and PCf is provided on both left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 10a.
A sheath tube is provided for the passage of the girder 13, and inserts 17 are embedded in the upper ends of the side plates 10b and 10c for screwing in the long bolts 16 that fasten the girder 14.15 (see Fig. 5). ). In the illustrated example, the long bolt 16 is mainly composed of a shaft body 16a formed with a male thread, and a nut 16c screwed onto the upper part of the shaft body 16a via a fixing plate 16b. .

In addition, the side plate portion 10b, loc includes FIGS. 6 and 7.
As shown in the figure, bolts and nuts 18a, if necessary,
A joint metal fitting 18 having a structure that is stopped by 18b is attached.

In the embodiment, the thickness W of the side plate part 10c on the side to be joined to the underground unit 2 among the side plate parts 10b and loc constituting the main body block 10 is about 2/ of the thickness T of the other side plate part 10b. The size is set to 3, which results in
Care has been taken to prevent the wall thickness in this area from becoming too thick when the side panels are stacked on top of each other.

Further, in the embodiment, the side plate portion 10c is provided with an insertion hole 10e through which a connecting bolt 29 for connecting the underground unit is passed, and the bottom plate portion 10a facing the side plate portion 10c is provided with a hole 10e that communicates the upper surface of the bottom plate portion with the outer surface of the block. A recess 10d is formed, and an insert 31 is buried in the recess 10d, and the connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit is inserted into the four parts 10.
d (see Figures 8 and 9).

On the other hand, the gable wall block 1 that constitutes both ends of the underground unit 1
1, as shown in FIG. 10, a bottom plate portion 11a formed in a rectangular shape and a side plate portion 11 surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion 11a.
b, llc, and lld, and in the embodiment, the side plate portion 11c constitutes the end wall of the underground unit 1.

Also in this end wall block 11, the thickness W of the side plate lid on the side to be joined to the underground unit 2 is set to about 2/3 of the thickness T of the other side plate part 11b, and Care has been taken to ensure that the wall thickness in this area does not become too thick when the side panels of the underground unit are overlapped.

Incidentally, sheath pipes for passing the prestressing steel material 13 are opened in the end wall and provided on both left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 11a, and the openings of the sheath pipes serve as anchoring portions for the prestressing steel material 13. There is.

On the other hand, each side plate portion 11b of the gable wall block 11, lie
, and the upper end of the lid, as shown in FIG.
An insert 17 for screwing in a long bolt 16 for fixing the bolt 15 is buried therein.

Next, the configuration of the underground unit 2 sandwiched between the underground units 1 will be explained.

Basically, this underground unit 2 also has a plurality of precast concrete blocks (main block 20, end wall block 21) divided along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, similar to the above-mentioned underground unit 1. The blocks 20,
Two types of girders 14 and 15, long and short, are spanned over the upper end of the block 21 to connect these blocks.

In addition, there are two types of blocks 20 that make up the underground unit 2.
．． 21 is basically the same as the blocks of underground unit 1, the end faces of blocks 20 and 21 are butted against each other, and prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 that passes through these blocks. .

The main block 20 is formed into a U-shape in longitudinal section by a bottom plate part 20a and opposing side plate parts 20b and 20c, and the end wall blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2
This block is similar to the previous block 10.11 in that it is formed by a rectangular bottom plate portion 21a and side plate portions 21b, 21c, and 21d surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion 21a.

However, in this underground unit 2, due to the structure that it is installed between the underground units 1, the main block 20 that makes up the center of the underground unit 2 and the end wall block that makes up the end wall of the underground unit. The left and right side plate portions 20b, 20c121b121d facing each other are each formed to have a size approximately ⅔ of the thickness T of the side plate portion 10b constituting the outer wall of the main body block 10. .

Note that also in these blocks 20.21, PCm
The point where the sheath pipe of the C construction material is provided, the side plate portions 20b, 2Qc,
At the upper ends of 21b, 21c, and 21d, there are girders 14.
15, where the insert 17 for screwing in the long bolt 16 is buried, and the side plate parts 20b and 20c as necessary.
etc., a point for attaching the joint hardware 18, a recess 20d for fixing the connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit, and a connecting bolt 2.
It is the same as the block 10.11 described above in that the insertion hole 20e through which the block 9 is inserted is provided.

To explain the two types of girders 14.15, long and short, which span the upper ends of the blocks 10.11, each girder 14.
Blocks 1 15 are each formed into a rectangular column shape by precast concrete and connected in the longitudinal direction.
0, 11, 20. 21, and supports the first floor panel of the upper building (a house in the illustrated example), and the long girder 14 is a side plate along the longitudinal direction of the underground unit l. It is fixed by a long pole 16 that passes through the upper and lower sides of the girder 14 on the upper part.

Note that, as shown in FIG. 11, a mounting portion 14a on which a short circumferential beam 15 is placed is formed protrudingly on the side of the circumferential beam 14, and a long bolt passing through the top and bottom of the short circumferential beam 15 is formed. 16
By screwing into the insert 17, the mounting part 14a
It can be firmly fixed to the

In the embodiment, the girder 15 is made of precast concrete, but it can also be made of H-beam steel.

By the way, for the house H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on the girder 14, and a first floor wall panel, a second floor floor panel, and a second floor wall panel are assembled thereon.
Furthermore, the structure of the house is not limited to these, but it can be constructed using conventional construction methods. It may be a property, a unit house, etc.

In addition, in the case of a house constructed using each of the panel construction methods described above, the connection between the house and the girder is achieved by, for example, providing an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of the girder, and then attaching panels such as walls and floors via these anchor bolts. All you have to do is integrate them.

Next, the function of the basement constructed in this way will be explained along with its construction method.

First, each precast concrete block constituting the underground unit 1.2 is formed by casting concrete or the like into a predetermined size and shape in a factory.

Then, these blocks are transported to the work site by truck, but at this time, the blocks are formed in a U-shaped cross section divided by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, so the type of block is Two types are required: one that forms the center of the unit and one that forms the gable wall. Especially when configuring a large basement, it can be accommodated by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks. Therefore, there is no need to increase the size of the block itself, and transportability to the site can be extremely improved.

Next, to assemble the basement at the site, the roots of the ground where the basement is to be constructed are cut, a hole of a specified size is dug, and then the process of quarrying the ground and placing concrete is carried out. , the foundation is constructed, and at this time, the blocks are installed by embedding steel pipes 40 that serve as level standards (see Figure 3 (a)).

Next, the blocks are lifted from the truck using a crane, etc., and then assembled and joined one after another.The assembly order is shown in Figure 3 (B) to (H).
The process is carried out by

That is, the first installation starts from the center of the arrangement (in the example, the center of the underground unit 2) as shown in Fig. 3 (b), and as shown in Fig. 3 (c), Main block 10 of underground unit 1 on the left and right of block 20
join.

At this time (when joining the main body block 1O of the underground unit 1 on the left and right sides), the connecting hardware 3 is inserted between the main body blocks 10 and 20.
0 and integrate each block using connecting bolts that pass through these blocks.

After that, while joining the main body block 20 of the underground unit 2 in its axial direction, the main body block 10 of the underground unit 1 is installed and joined to the left and right sides of the main body block 20 each time, and finally the end wall is attached. Gable wall block to be formed11.
21 is installed, the PCm material 13 is inserted into the sheath hole of each block, and prestress is introduced by tightening it with jacks and fixing both ends (see FIG. 3 (E)).

Note that after tensioning the PC steel material 13, grout is filled into the sheath pipe.

After tensioning the PCII material 13, as shown in FIG.
Install a long girder 14 on the side plate of the underground unit 7,
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3 (G), short girders 15 are assembled to complete the basement room.

As described above, the tension of the PCW4 material 13 and the girth 14.
After completing the installation in step 15, inject grout between the bottom plate of the block and the foundation concrete, fill the gap between the bottom plate and the foundation concrete with grout, and attach the bottom plate of each block to the foundation. Bring it into close contact.

Then, when the internal finishing work is finally completed,
The basement as shown in Figure 3 is completed.

On the other hand, when constructing the house H, for example, when the house is mainly composed of panels, the girders 14.1
Lay unitized floor panels on top of 5, assemble the first and second floor wall panels on top of that, and then assemble the framework,
The method used is to construct a building by assembling timber frames and assembling roof panels.

Each wall panel on the first floor may be fixed together by inserting a hole at the lower end of the wall panel into an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of a concrete girder and tightening the bolt.

According to the above procedure, the blocks are installed from the center of the arrangement, and the blocks are assembled to the left, right, front, and back of the block. Therefore, each block can be installed and joined inside the root cut hole with high precision. It can be implemented. In other words, in this embodiment, other blocks are joined based on the main body block located at the center of the basement, so that no block is far away from the main body block that is the reference, so that the reference main block is not exceeded. Since the displacement with respect to the block can be reduced by /JX, the joining work can be carried out with high precision.

In the basement of the example, the blocks 10% 11, 20, and 21 constituting the underground unit have side panels that are joined to a thickness that is approximately 2/3 that of the other side panels. Even if they are joined together and overlapped, they can still function as partitions (III).
It has the advantage that members can be used effectively and the thickness of the internal partition wall does not increase.

In addition, in this example, the underground unit constituting the basement was constructed using a plurality of precast concrete blocks that were divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, so that the underground unit could be constructed by simply connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction. It can be formed into a unit and can be easily assembled in the field.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, the structure is such that the house H is assembled on the girders of the basement as the foundation, so the construction work of the foundation, which was conventionally necessary, can be omitted.
This allows a basement to be formed without being restricted by the location of the foundation, so there is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and it goes without saying that the size, shape, etc. of the blocks can be changed depending on the design requirements. In addition, it goes without saying that each block forming the entrance to a room may have an opening forming the entrance, if necessary, and in such a case, the bottom plate parts may be connected to each other. The underground unit will be integrated.

"Effect of the Invention J As explained above, the present invention provides a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose upper surface is open by a bottom plate part and a side plate part surrounding the bottom plate part, and a side plate part at the upper end of the side plate part of this underground unit. The underground unit is divided into two parts along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit.
The precast concrete structure consists of a main body block with a U-shaped longitudinal section, which is composed of a bottom plate and opposing side plates, and a bottom plate and three surrounding sides of the bottom plate. Since it is characterized by being a end wall block consisting of surrounding side plate parts, it can produce the following excellent effects.

(a) The underground unit, which is the main part of the basement frame, is constructed using two types of precast concrete blocks that are divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The underground unit can be formed by the simple operation of connecting gable blocks to the base, and assembly can be easily carried out on site.

(b) The underground unit, which is the main part of the basement, is constructed by connecting multiple precast concrete blocks, so compared to a basement made of cast-in-place concrete, the excavation of the cutting hole is smaller, simplifying on-site work. It also has the advantage of being configurable.

(C) Even if the number of underground units is increased, the construction process does not change, and this can be done by simply increasing the work of joining blocks, so it is possible to cope with the increase in the size of the basement extremely easily.

(Through the above method, the basement can be formed using fewer types of precast concrete blocks, so on-site work efficiency can be improved and construction costs can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of a prefabricated concrete basement according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a house placed on top of the basement, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view thereof, and FIG. Figures (a) and 2) show the construction process for this basement, and are perspective views, Figure 4 is a sectional view showing the connecting structure of the side panels of adjacent underground units, and Figure 5 is the girder and side panels. 6 is a plan view of a joint fitting that connects the blocks, FIG. 7 is a sectional view thereof, and FIG.
The figure is a plan view showing the connecting hardware that connects adjacent underground units, Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view, Figure 10 is a perspective view of the blocks that make up the gable wall, and Figure 11 shows the structure of the girder joint. FIG. G...basement, H...house, 1.2.
3.4...Underground unit, 10.11.20.
21... Precast concrete bronc, 13... PC steel material, 14.15...
Girth, 16...Long bolt, 17...Insert, 18...Joint hardware, 30...
・Connection hardware.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim] A rectangular box-shaped underground unit with an open top surface formed by a bottom plate and a side plate surrounding the bottom plate; The underground unit is composed of two types of precast concrete structures divided by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and the said precast The concrete structure is characterized by having a main body block with a U-shaped longitudinal section, which is composed of a bottom plate and opposing side plates, and a gable wall block, which is made up of a bottom plate and side plates surrounding three sides of the bottom plate. Concrete prefabricated basement.