JPH0427025A - Block for constructing concrete assembly-type underground unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To strengthen the fixing of blocks by a method in which the ends of blocks for constructing an underground unit are butted and joined on base boards, and a grout is packed into the space between the bottoms of the blocks and the base boards for integration. CONSTITUTION:While connecting blocks 20 in the axial direction, blocks 10 are connected to right and left sides of the blocks 20. PC steel bars 13 are inserted into the sheath holes 10f of the blocks 10 and tensed, and a grout is packed into the holes 10f. A grout is packed into the space between the base B of excavated pit and the bottom plates 10a and 20a of the blocks 10 and 20, where the grout permeates into the recessions 80 of the plates 10a and 20a and hardens to couple the plates 10a and 20a of the blocks 10 and 20 together. The bottom plates 10a and 20a of the blocks 10 and 20 can thus be strongly fixed with the base boards.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a prefabricated concrete underground unit suitable for use as a basement in a residential building, and particularly to a block for constructing the underground unit.

``Prior Art'' Due to the worsening housing situation in recent years, basements have been installed in ordinary houses as well.

Conventionally, the basements of houses were often configured as underground storage rooms, so in these four-model constructions, for example, a container-shaped capsule was installed in a hole dug in the ground via an anchor bolt, and the hole was backfilled. (For example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-15663, ``Underground Storage and Manufacturing Method Therefor'').

However, since the basement of this type of configuration functions as an underground storage, the overall internal size is small and does not fully satisfy the functions required as a living room in a house. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a trend to make basements made of concrete and make the entire room larger.

Such reinforced concrete basements are generally constructed using cast-in-place concrete, for example. First, use a power shovel or the like to excavate a bit wider than the basement site, then spread gravel at the bottom of the excavation, and pour concrete on top of the gravel. So-called foundation concrete construction will be carried out.

Then, the floor reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is poured onto the floor reinforcing bars. At this time, protruding bars connected to the side wall reinforcing bars protrude from the surface of the concrete at the positions where the side walls will be erected. Set it up so that it does.

Next, after the concrete on the floor hardens, the vertical reinforcements of the sidewalls are connected to the protruding reinforcements protruding at predetermined positions, and the horizontal reinforcements are connected to these vertical reinforcements of the sidewalls, and the reinforcements of the sidewalls are constructed.

Next, formwork was assembled on both sides of the constructed side wall reinforcing bars,
Concrete will be poured inside and the side walls will be constructed.

After the concrete for the side walls has hardened, the formwork is dismantled and the space outside the side walls is filled in to complete the construction.

``Problem to be solved by the invention'' However, in the conventional basement technology, the construction work involves pouring concrete on site, so
There were drawbacks such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period.

Moreover, in construction work using cast-in-place concrete, when building side walls, it is necessary to provide space for assembling formwork on both sides of the side wall reinforcing bars, and the ground must be dug wider than the construction area. There were problems such as high cost.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve these problems, the inventors of the present invention found that if the entire basement was constructed by joining precast concrete blocks, work efficiency on site would be improved. They came up with the idea that the area required for excavation would be small because this would result in the formation of

However, when the basement structure is precast, the following problems remain to be solved.

In other words, when the basement structure is precast, the blocks that make up the basement are built in advance at a factory, etc., and then installed in a hole dug on site, and the bottom of the hole and the bottom of the blocks are connected. This is a point that needs to be firmly established.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to fix the bottom plate part of the block and the bottom part (base part) of an excavated hole when forming a basement using precast concrete blocks. An object of the present invention is to provide a construction block for a prefabricated concrete underground unit that can be built firmly.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an underground unit construction block consisting of a bottom plate part and a side plate part erected at the edge of the bottom plate part. This is an underground unit in which the construction blocks and the foundation are integrated by installing and joining multiple bases in abutted state and filling the space between the base and the bottom plate of the construction block with grout. The construction block is characterized in that a plurality of recesses for filling with grout material are formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate of the construction block.

"Function" According to the construction block having the above configuration, since a plurality of four parts are formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate of the block, the block is installed at the base of the excavation hole, and after assembly, the base of the excavation hole is When grout is filled between the bottom plate of the block and the bottom plate of the block, the grout penetrates into the recess of the bottom plate of the block and solidifies, so that the bottom plate of the block is engaged with the grout solidified in the recess. The underground unit constructed by joining the blocks will be firmly fixed on the foundation.

"Example" Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Figures 1 to 3 show the overall configuration of a basement constructed using construction blocks according to the present invention. It was constructed using two types of rectangular box-shaped underground units 1 and 2, which were installed in a state connected to the base part B in the longitudinal direction and integrated with PCfI4 material 13, and the underground units 1 and 2 were connected in the width direction. (in the illustrated example, the underground units 2 are placed in between and the underground units 1 are placed adjacent to each other on the left and right sides),
Adjacent underground units 1 and 2 are connected to each other,
The basic structure is that these underground units 1.2 are integrated with each other, and in the embodiment, two types of girders 14 and 15, long and short, are provided at the upper end of the side plate of the underground unit 1.2. A building H constituting a house is placed thereon.

The blocks constituting the underground unit 1 are a main body block 10 constituting the center of the underground unit l, and gable wall blocks 11 constituting the gable walls at both ends of the underground unit 1, and these blocks 10.11 are Block 1O
The joint surfaces of the blocks 111 are joined to each other by interposing a water-stop joint material, and are integrated with the PC steel material 13 that penetrates the bottom plate of these blocks, and the main block 10 and end wall block 11 It is fixed by two types of girders 14 and 15, long and short, connecting the upper ends.

More specifically, each of the blocks 10 and 11 is manufactured in advance in a factory to a predetermined shape and size, and all of these blocks 1O111 have their end faces abutted against each other, and a Prestressing is introduced by tensioning the PCM material 13, which ensures that the blocks are firmly connected to form an underground unit.

Additionally, joint material is installed on the end faces of the blocks to ensure sufficient watertightness for the underground unit.

4 and 5 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the main body block 10. This block 10 is formed into a U-shape in longitudinal section by a bottom plate portion 10a and opposing side plate portions 10b, loc. Sheath pipes 10f for passing the PC steel material 13 are provided on the left and right sides of the portion 10a, and a plurality of four portions 80 are formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 10c, arranged at equal intervals vertically and horizontally. Note that the shape and arrangement of this recess 80 are not limited to the illustrated example.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, inserters 17 for screwing in long bolts 16 for fixing the circumferential beams 14 and 15 are embedded in the upper ends of the side plates 10b and 10c. In addition,
In the illustrated example, the long bolt 16 mainly includes a shaft body 16a formed with a male thread, and a nut 16c screwed onto the upper part of the shaft body 16a via a fixing plate 16b.

Further, the side plate portions 10b and 10c are provided with FIGS. 8 and 9.
As shown in the figure, bolts and nuts 18a, if necessary,
A joint metal fitting 18 having a structure that is stopped by 18b is attached.

In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, of the side plate parts 10b and 10c constituting the block 10, the thickness W of the side plate part 10C on the side joined to the underground unit 72 is different from that of the other side plate parts. The thickness is set to be approximately 2/3 of the thickness T of the side plate 10b, so that when the side plate portions are overlapped, the thickness of the wall in this portion does not become thick.

In addition, in the embodiment, the side plate portion 10c is provided with an insertion hole Oe through which a connecting bolt 29 for connecting the underground unit is passed, and the bottom plate portion 10a facing the side plate portion 10c is provided with an upper surface of the bottom plate portion and an outer surface of the block. A communicating recess 10d is formed, and an inserter 31 is buried in the recess 10d, and a connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit is inserted into the recess 1.
It can be fixed at 0d (see FIGS. 10 and 11).

On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
a and a side plate portion 11b surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion 11a,
llc and lid, and in the embodiment, the side plate portion 11c constitutes the end wall of the underground unit l.

Also in this block 11, the bottom plate portion 11
A plurality of four parts 80 are formed on the lower surface of a, and the thickness W of the side plate part lid on the side to be joined to the underground unit 2 is set to about 273 times the thickness T of the other side plate part 11b, Care has been taken to ensure that the wall thickness in this area does not become too thick when the side panels of adjacent underground 22 units are overlapped.

Note that PCI is installed on both the left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 11a.
A sheath pipe for passing the ii material 13 is opened in the end wall, and the opening of this sheath pipe is the prestressed steel material 13.
It is the anchorage of the

On the other hand, each side plate portion 11b, 11C1l of the block 11
At the upper end of the ID, there is also a long bolt 16 that secures the girder 14 and 15.
Needless to say, an insert 17 for screwing is embedded therein.

Next, the configuration of the underground unit 2 sandwiched between the underground units 1 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

This underground unit 2 is also basically composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks (main block 20, end wall block 21 ) are connected to each other with a water-stop joint material interposed between them, and assembled into a material body 3 using PCiil material 13, and the upper ends of the blocks 20 and 21 have long and short lengths so as to connect these blocks. Two types of girders 14 and 15 are placed on the rack.

In addition, there are two types of blocks 20 that make up the underground unit 2.
．． 21 is basically the same as the blocks of underground unit l, the end faces of blocks 20 and 21 are butted against each other, and prestress is introduced by tensioning the PC steel material 13 that passes through these blocks. . The block 20 is formed into a U-shape in longitudinal section by a bottom plate part 20a and opposing side plate parts 20b and 20c, and the blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2 have a bottom plate part 21a formed in a rectangular shape. It is similar to the previous block 10.11 in that it is formed by side plate parts 21b, 21c, and 21d surrounding three sides of block 21a.

However, in this underground unit 2, due to the structure that it is installed between the underground units 1, the block 20 forming the center of the underground unit 2 and the block 21 forming the end wall of the underground unit are opposite to each other on the left and right sides. The side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, and 21d each have a thickness of approximately 2/2 of the thickness T of the side plate portion 10b that constitutes the outer wall of the block 10.
It is characterized by being formed in the size of 3.

Note that these blocks 20 and 21 also have four parts 80 formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate of each block, a sheath pipe made of 20g4 material 13, and side plate parts 20b, 20c, 2.
At the upper ends of 1b, 21c, and 21d, there are girders 14.1, respectively.
Insert 1 for screwing in 16 (long pole to stop 5)
7, a point for attaching the joint hardware 18 to the side plates 20b, 20c, etc. as necessary, a recess 20d for fixing the connecting hardware 30 for connecting the underground unit, and a connecting bolt 29.
It is the same as the block 10.11 described above in that the insertion hole 20e is provided.

To explain the two types of girders 14 and 15, long and short, which extend over the upper ends of the blocks 10 and 11, each girder 14.
Blocks 1 15 are each formed into a rectangular column shape by precast concrete and connected in the longitudinal direction.
It fixes the upper ends of O111, 20, and 21, and also supports the first-floor floor panel of a two-part building (a house in the illustrated example). It is fixed by a long pole 16 that passes through the upper and lower sides of the girder 14 on the upper part. In addition, this glyang 14
As shown in FIG. 13, a mounting portion 14a on which a short girder 15 is placed is formed protrudingly on the side, and a long bolt 16 passing through the top and bottom of the short girder 15 is screwed into the insert 17. By folding it in, it can be firmly fixed to the mounting portion 14a.

Although the short girder 15 is made of precast concrete in the embodiment, it may be made of H-beam steel.

By the way, for the house H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on the girder 14, and a first floor wall panel, a second floor floor panel, and a 2N wall panel are assembled on top of it.
Furthermore, the structure of the house is not limited to these, but it can be constructed using conventional construction methods. It may be a property, a unit house, etc.

In addition, in the case of a house constructed using each of the panel construction methods described above, the connection between the house and the girder is achieved by, for example, providing an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of the girder, and then attaching panels such as walls and floors via these anchor bolts. All you have to do is integrate them.

Next, the function of the trench construction block constructed as described above will be explained along with the method of constructing a prefabricated basement.

First, each precast concrete block constituting the underground unit 1.2 is formed by casting concrete or the like into a predetermined size and shape in a factory.

Then, these blocks are transported to the work site by trunk, but at this time, the blocks are formed with a U-shaped cross section that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, so the type of block is Two types are required: one that forms the center of the unit and one that forms the gable wall. Especially when configuring a large basement, it can be accommodated by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks. Therefore, there is no need to increase the size of the block itself, and transportability to the site can be extremely improved.

Next, to assemble the basement at the site, the roots of the ground where the basement is to be constructed are cut, a hole of a specified size is dug, and then the process of quarrying the ground and placing concrete is carried out. , the foundation part B is constructed, and at this time, a steel pipe 40 is embedded, which serves as a reference for the installation level of the block (see Fig. 3 (a)).

Next, the blocks are lifted from the truck using a crane, etc., and then assembled and joined one after another.The assembly order is shown in Figure 3 (B) to (H).
The process is carried out by

That is, the first installation starts from the center of the arrangement (in the example, the center of the underground unit 2) as shown in Figure 3 (B), and as shown in Figure 3 (C), this block The blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 are joined to the left and right sides of the block 20.

At this time (when joining the blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 on the left and right sides), the connecting hardware 30 is passed between the blocks 10 and 20, and each block is integrated using a connecting bolt passing through these blocks.

After that, while joining the blocks 20 of the underground unit 2 in the axial direction, the blocks 10 of the underground unit 1 are installed and joined on the left and right sides of the blocks 20 each time, and finally the blocks 11 forming the end wall part , 21 installed,
Prestress is introduced by inserting the PC steel material 13 into the sheath hole of each block and tightening it with jacks to fix both ends (see FIG. 3 (e)). In addition, PC
After tensioning the IIL material 13, grout is filled into the sheath pipe.

After tensioning the PC steel material 13, as shown in Fig. 3 (F), a long girder 14 is installed on the side plate of the underground unit, and then a short girder 14 is installed as shown in Fig. 3 (G). Assemble the beams 15 and complete the framework of the basement.

As described above, the tension of the pcfIA material 13 and the girder 14 are
．． After completing the installation in step 15, inject grout between the bottom plate and the foundation of the block, fill the gap between the bottom plate and the foundation with grout, and then install the bottom plate of each block. Attach it to the foundation.

At this time, since a plurality of recesses 80 are formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate of each block constituting the underground unit, the grout material filled between the base part B of the excavation hole and the bottom plate part of the block is Since the grout penetrates into the recess 80 of the bottom plate and solidifies, the grout solidified in the recess 80 acts to engage the bottom plate of the block, and the underground unit constructed by joining the blocks is firmly attached to the base. It will be fixed at

Then, when the internal finishing work is finally completed,
The basement as shown in Figure 3 is completed.

On the other hand, when constructing the house H, for example, when the house is mainly composed of panels, the girders 14.1
Lay unitized floor panels on top of 5, assemble the first and second floor wall panels on top of that, and then assemble the framework,
The method used is to construct a building by assembling timber frames and assembling roof panels.

Each wall panel on the first floor may be fixed together by inserting a hole at the lower end of the wall panel into an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of the concrete girder and tightening the bolt.

According to the above procedure, the blocks are installed from the center of the arrangement, and the blocks are assembled to the left, right, front, and back of the block. Therefore, each block can be installed and joined inside the root cut hole with high precision. It can be implemented. In other words, in this embodiment, other blocks are joined based on the main body block located at the center of the basement, so no block will be far away from the main body block, which is the reference. Since the deviation from the blocks can be reduced, the joining work can be carried out with high precision.

In addition, in the embodiment, the blocks 10S 11, 20, 21 constituting the underground unit have side plates that are joined to have a thickness that is approximately 2/3 of the other side plates, so that the side plates are not connected to each other. Even if they are joined and overlapped, the thickness of the side walls that serve as partitions will not increase, so even in a basement where multiple underground units are connected in the width direction, members can be used effectively, and internal partition walls can be It has the advantage that the thickness does not increase.

In addition, in this example, the underground unit constituting the basement was constructed using a plurality of precast concrete blocks that were divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, so that the underground unit could be constructed by simply connecting the blocks in the longitudinal direction. It can be formed into a unit and can be easily assembled in the field.

Furthermore, in the example, the blocks of adjacent underground units are integrated by bolts that pass through the side plates of the blocks, so there is no difference in level between the underground units, and the underground units are strong. This has the advantage that the strength of the structure can be improved.

In addition, since the structure is such that house H is assembled on top of the girders in the basement, it is possible to omit the construction work of the foundation that was previously required, and there is no restriction on the position of the foundation. Since the basement can be formed without being damaged, there is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and it goes without saying that the size, shape, etc. of the blocks can be changed depending on the design requirements. Furthermore, it goes without saying that each block forming an entrance to a room may have an opening forming an entrance, if necessary.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, the present invention provides an underground unit construction block consisting of a bottom plate part and a side plate part erected at the edge of the bottom plate part, which are assembled into multiple bases with the end faces of each block abutted against each other. The underground unit is installed and joined on top of the construction block, and grout is filled between the base and the bottom plate of the construction block to integrate the construction block and the base, the construction block being integrated with the base. Since the block is characterized by forming a plurality of recesses for filling grout material on the lower surface of the bottom plate of the block, the block is installed at the base of the excavated hole, and after assembly, the base of the excavated hole and the bottom plate of the block are When grout is filled between the blocks, the grout penetrates into the four parts of the block bottom plate and solidifies, firmly fixing the block bottom plate and the foundation, making it possible to prevent underground units constructed by joining blocks. can be firmly fixed on the base.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the concrete prefabricated basement construction professional 7 according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the basement constructed using this construction block, and FIG. A sectional view seen from the side, Figure 3 (a) is a perspective view showing the process of constructing a basement using this construction block, and Figures 4 and 5 each show the configuration of the construction block. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the main unit, Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view thereof, Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the connecting structure of the side plate of the adjacent underground unit, and Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the side plate of the adjacent underground unit. A cross-sectional view showing the connection structure with the side plate part, Fig. 8 is a plan view of the joint fittings that connect Pro 7 units, Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view thereof, and Fig. 10 shows the connecting fittings that connect adjacent underground units. FIG. 11 is a plan view, FIG. 11 is a sectional view thereof, FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a block constituting the end wall, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing the structure of the joint of the girder. G...basement, H...house, 1.2.
3.4...Underground unit, 10.11.20.
21...Precast concrete block, 13...PC steel material, 14.15...
Girth, 16...Long bolt, 17...Insert, 18...Joint hardware, 30...
- Connecting hardware, 80... recess.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Underground unit construction blocks consisting of a bottom plate part and a side plate part erected at the edge of the bottom plate part are installed and joined together on a plurality of base parts with the end faces of each block butted against each other,
An underground unit in which the construction block and the foundation are integrated by filling a grout between the base and the bottom plate of the construction block, wherein the grout is filled on the lower surface of the bottom plate of the construction block. A construction block for a prefabricated concrete underground unit, characterized by forming a plurality of recesses for filling.