EP2354346B1 - Construction element intended for building a wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is in the field of construction and building.

The invention relates more particularly to improving the energy performance of a building through the wall wall construction.

In a known manner, in order to improve the thermal insulation of the dwellings, at the time of their construction, different materials are disposed within the walls, facing facade and / or inside, or within the walls. That is why it was imagined to realize separate wall walls, namely consisting of an outer wall and an inner wall made integral with each other, but spaced so as to maintain a vacuum intended to be filled with a material insulating.

The shape of these walls is such that it avoids thermal bridges at the joints between the different vertical and horizontal walls, and at the door frames.

Thus, the invention provides a building element for the realization of a wall wall and consisting of at least one outer wall and a inner wall separated and secured to each other, for the purpose of limiting maximum structural thermal bridges.

In the field of construction, there are already techniques using walls based on rigid insulating interior and exterior separated and made integral with each other. An example is described through the document FR 2 918 395 concerning elements intended to form a wall wall, of "sandwich" wall type. Such elements are in the form of plates and coming, outside, form the facade and, inside, form a wall. Said plates are connected and fixed together by metal brackets forming a space between the front and the inner wall. This space is then filled with concrete intended, on the one hand, to secure the inner and outer plates and, on the other hand, to form a solid wall carrier, said plates being in no way structural structural elements. According to the number of plates, it is possible to determine the dimensions of the desired wall wall.

In addition, said inner and outer plates are supported directly at their lower edge resting on the same slab, metal brackets connecting again said songs of these plates. It should be noted that these brackets serve to maintain the regular spacing of the inner and outer plates, in order to cast the concrete wall in the space thus formed.

This technique is therefore similar to a lost formwork and only partially limits the heat loss, especially at the thermal bridges located at their connection with the slab on which the walls are laid, and at the floor level. and frames of the bays.

Moreover, the manufacture of flat wall construction elements can be achieved by a device as described in the document FR 2 181 623 , said device comprising at least one table provided with a plate for casting a wall, said table being hinged by hydraulic cylinders, so as to move from a flat position to a raised position, and vice versa.

Another known solution is described in the document WO 00/01904 a device which is capable of carrying out the manufacture of a construction element, said device comprising at least one table complementarily formed to said outer wall and articulated so as to move from a flat position to a raised position, and conversely, under the action of lifting means, said table consists of a plate in the form of at least one flat plate.

However, such a device only allows to manufacture flat walls.

The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art by proposing a construction element limiting thermal bridges to only structural connections of the building. Indeed, said element provides continuous insulation between walls and floors and ceilings.

To do this, such a construction element is intended for the production of a wall wall and consists of at least one outer wall and one inner wall separated and made integral with each other. It is characterized in that said outer wall comprises in the lower part an inwardly protruding base and shaped in L, so as to receive the lower part of said inner wall, said outer wall and said base constituting a single and same building block .

According to other features, said base extends orthogonally at the lower edge of the outer wall.

Advantageously, said inner wall comprises at its lower edge supports located on said base.

Preferably, said supports are in the form of protruding lower bosses leaving a space with the surface of said base.

In particular, said inner and outer walls are interconnected through length fixing means adjustable.

According to a particular embodiment, said inner wall comprises upper bosses salient with respect to its upper edge in the upper part.

Thus, the building element according to the invention also improves acoustics and comfort in summer, without additional means of air conditioning, through an increase in the thermal inertia of the interior wall.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a construction element, characterized in that it consists in casting said outer walls flat on complementarily shaped matrix tables, and after drying, raising said tables so as to erect said outer walls on its base

The invention also relates to the device for implementing the manufacture of a construction element according to the invention, said device comprising at least one table complementarily formed to said outer wall and articulated to move from a flat position. in a raised position, and vice versa, under the action of lifting means, said table consisting of a plate in the form of at least one flat plate, characterized in that said plate comprises, at its lower end, unhooked so as to form a groove for casting the material that will form said base.

Advantageously, said lifting means are in the form of at least one actuator pivotally attached to said table and a support frame, said table being rotatably mounted on said frame.

Thus, the manufacture of such an element significantly reduces the costs associated with construction, including through the establishment of manufacturing workshops near construction sites. In addition, the reduction in distances between manufacturing and implantation sites limits the impact on the surrounding environment.

• la figure 1 représente une vue de côté selon une coupe verticale d'un élément de construction selon l'invention mis en oeuvre au sein d'un bâtiment à un seul niveau ;
• la figure 2 est une vue de dessus en coupe transversale d'un détail de construction au niveau de la jonction entre deux éléments selon l'invention ;
• la figure 3 représente une vue de dessus en coupe transversale d'un détail de construction au niveau de la jonction en angle entre deux éléments ;
• la figure 4 de face depuis l'intérieur d'un élément de construction selon l'invention ;
• la figure 5 représente une vue de côté selon une coupe verticale de plusieurs éléments de construction selon l'invention mis en oeuvre au sein d'un bâtiment à plusieurs niveaux ;
• la figure 6 représente une vue éclatée en perspective du dispositif de mise en oeuvre de la fabrication de l'élément de construction selon l'invention ; et
• la figure 7 représente trois étapes de la fabrication d'un élément de construction selon l'invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended figures in which:

• the figure 1 is a side view in a vertical section of a building element according to the invention implemented within a building at a single level;
• the figure 2 is a top view in cross section of a construction detail at the junction between two elements according to the invention;
• the figure 3 is a top view in cross section of a construction detail at the corner junction between two elements;
• the figure 4 face from inside a building element according to the invention;
• the figure 5 is a side view in vertical section of a plurality of building elements according to the invention implemented within a multi-level building;
• the figure 6 represents an exploded perspective view of the device for implementing the manufacture of the construction element according to the invention; and
• the figure 7 represents three steps in the manufacture of a construction element according to the invention.

The present invention relates to the production of a wall wall so as to improve thermal performance, particularly in terms of insulation and minimization of thermal bridges.

To do this, the invention relates to a construction element for the realization of a wall wall. Such an element consists of at least one outer wall 1 and an inner wall 2 separated and secured to each other. In other words, the walls 1 and 2 are spaced relative to each other.

Said outer wall 1 comprises in the lower part a base 3 protruding inwards. From then on, in lateral section, as visible on the figure 1 , an exterior wall has an L shape turned towards the interior of the building. Said outer wall 1 and said base 3 constitute a single and same building block.

In particular, said base 3 may extend orthogonally on the lower edge of the outer wall 1. It may extend over the entire length of the lower edge of the outer wall 1, thus forming a sill constituting an armed beam.

Such a base 3 may be interrupted at its ends so as to allow its connection with the foundations. In particular, such a fastening is effected by keying in order to ensure continuity of chaining with connection to the foundation pads.

More particularly, this base 3 is shaped to receive the lower part of the inner wall 2. In other words, the base 3, in particular at its free end, is intended to serve as a support at the bottom of the interior wall 2. In particular, the base 3 receives the lower edge of the inner wall 2.

In addition, said base 3 improves the stability of the outer wall 1 and the entire wall wall on the foundation pads, especially when laying before keying.

In addition, depending on the width of the base 3, it is possible to increase or decrease the thickness of the wall wall by placing more or less close to the inner wall 2.

In addition, the inner wall 2 may include at its lower edge supports on said base 3. In particular, the supports are on a part of the length of said lower edge of the inner wall 2, forming a space with the surface of said base 3 and the lower edge. Such a space creates a rupture of the thermal bridge between the edge of the wall 2 and the base 3, the insulation running between the edge of the wall 2 and the base 3.

According to the preferred embodiment, said supports are in the form of protruding lower bosses 4.

As visible on the figure 4 , said bosses 4 are positioned at the bottom of the inner wall 2, so as to form gaps between each of them. In the case of a construction of a single floor, for example simple ground floor, as visible on the figure 1 , the bearing surface of the inner wall 2 is reduced to reach only about 15% of a conventional non-stud bearing surface, where the lower edge of the inner wall 2 rest directly on the base 3.

In the case of a multi-storey building, visible on the figure 5 by increasing the size of the studs, especially their length, the bearing surface represents only about 20% compared to a support along the entire length. Therefore, the inner walls 2 can become floor carrier, while the outer walls 1 are only the outer shell of the building, linked to the level of the floor under each floor, including via metal fasteners.

Since said pads are of limited area, they constitute only structural thermal bridges. Therefore, these bridges are limited to the junction between the base 3 and the bosses 4. However, the thermal break can be limited by the addition of an insulating material placed between said bosses 4 and the base 3, so to offer a low thermal conduction and thus confer a better insulation.

In addition, thus arranged with respect to one another, said walls 1 and 2 allow, through the different spaces formed between them, to ensure a continuity of the insulation material 5, in particular between the insulation in floor and the one inside the wall.

In addition, an insulation material is disposed between said outer walls 1 and inner 2, before the laying of the inner wall 2 on the base 3, or said material may preferentially be blown after the establishment of the two walls of walls 1 and 2 and enclosures bays closing, laterally openings, the vacuum between the two walls being obstructed by a frame, including wood, namely after the closed and the cover.

Similarly, said inner wall 2 can include openings (not shown) in the upper part under the ceiling, especially under the slab component. Such openings can be made if the insulation between the walls must be in continuity with that between the false ceiling and the floor.

According to another characteristic, said inner walls 2 and outer 1 are interconnected by means of fixing means of adjustable length, based on threaded rods or brackets (not shown). These means extend transversely within the space between the walls 1 and 2, connecting their faces located vis-à-vis in the hollow wall wall.

In addition, as mentioned above, the adjustment of these fastening means makes it possible to vary the thickness of the wall wall.

In addition, a preferred embodiment is shown on the figure 2 , at the junction between two walls, such as an angle. At this level, two building elements are arranged perpendicular to each other, connected together through an angle element forming an outer corner 6.

The realization of the wall wall is carried out first of all by the laying and the alignment between them of the outer walls 1, then the closing and the joining of an outer corner 6. The bases 3 of each of the outer walls 1 are then connected together, in particular by keying, so as to have continuity of chaining and, on the surface, a continuous planar arase.

Indeed, the design of the wall wall by means of the construction element according to the invention allows to position straddling a single base 3 of a single outer wall 1, several interior walls 2. This is also the case at an angle where two interior walls 2 overlap, resting on the leveled base 3.

Moreover, according to the embodiment visible on the Figures 2 and 3 , the outer walls 1 and the outer corner 6 may have a vertical side edge shaped so as to allow the locking of the elements between them by keying. To do this, is provided a groove 8 within said edge, in particular for casting a binder, forming a keyway with the frames pending.

In addition, according to an embodiment not shown, an edge of the outer wall 1 or outer corner 6 may have a similar groove 8, while the opposite edge has a complementary shape to cooperate by interlocking, the connection between the parts of walls can be provided by metal plates, interior vacuum side, thus forming finished prefabricated panels with seals between them.

Thus, the spacing between the outer walls 1 and the inner walls 2, even at an angle, is maintained and continuity is assured in the insulation materials 5.

Thus, the building element according to the invention allows the provision of insulation in complete continuity with the insulation of floors, floors and ceilings, but also between two side walls. Indeed, the gap between the outer wall 1 and inner 2 is maintained at the corners. This continuity of insulation is only limited at the level of the supports under bosses 4 of the interior walls 2 on the bases 3. The thermal losses between the outer walls on the ground and the inner walls are therefore very small.

Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the production of a construction element, in particular of the outer wall 1 with its base 3 in the shape of an L.

Indeed, the invention aims at a facilitated manufacture of such a wall element, at lower cost and limiting the transport through a quick workshop to implement and a simple manufacturing to implement in geographical proximity of the place of construction.

To do this, the manufacturing method of the building elements according to the invention consists in casting said outer walls flat on the matrix tables, designed to way to get the shapes of the building elements.

After drying, the tables are raised to erect said outer walls 1 on their base 3. Two steps of lifting an outer wall 1 are shown on the figure 7 .

In order to carry out these operations, the invention provides a device for implementing the manufacture of said building element, in particular the outer wall 1 and its base 3.

As visible on the figure 6 such a device comprises at least one matrix table 10 complimentarily complementing said external walls 1 and articulated to move from a flat position to a raised position, and vice versa, under the action of lifting means.

According to the preferred embodiment, said lifting means are in the form of at least one jack 11 integral in pivoting of said table 10 and a support frame 12, said table 10 being rotatably mounted on said fixed frame 12 compared to the ground.

In particular, a pivot point 13 is connected to the arm of the jack 11 away from the point of rotation 14 with the frame 12. Thus, the actuation of the jack 11 makes it possible to raise and lower said table 10, as well as to block it in intermediate position.

Note that said support frame 12 serves to maintain the ground of the entire device. In addition, it comprises ground fasteners or encroaching means 15, in the form of bases or feet, to allow lifting of the outer wall 1 without risk of tilting of the table 10.

It will be noted that said frame 12 may have any shape suitable for serving as support and base for the table 10. According to the preferred embodiment, shown in FIGS. figures 6 and 7 said frame 12 has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape, flat, below which the feet 15 extend vertically.

In addition, said frame 12 may consist of sections metallic, in particular standard section I, made integral with each other, in particular by welding, so as to form a rigid frame. In particular, two crosspieces 17 join parallel two side members 18 at their respective ends.

Note that said frame 12 can receive an additional cross member 16, to receive the point of rotation 14, in the form of a cradle 19 secured to said additional cross member 16. The latter can then be secured at its ends with said frame 12 or two of his feet 15.

As mentioned above, said frame 12 receives in the upper part said table 10 in articulation. To do this, said table 10 receives at least one axis of articulation 20 at one end 21.

In particular, the end 21 is located on the side of the table 10 for forming the base 3 of the construction element according to the invention. In the raised position, this end 21 is located in the lower part of the table 10.

According to the preferred embodiment, said frame 12 receives two cylindrical pins 20 at the end 21, passing through hinge bearings 22 fixed to each spar 18.

Each axis 20 also comes through an orifice 23 formed on either side of the table 10, at its end 21. Said orifice 23 has a circular section of a diameter equivalent to the section of said axis 20, so as to allow the insertion of the latter and thus the rotation of the table 10 relative to the frame 12.

Moreover, said table 10 consists of a plate 24 in the form of at least one flat plate. The dimensions, in height but also in width, of said plate 24 may be chosen according to the dimensions of the construction element to be manufactured.

In addition, said plate 24 is surmounted by protruding edges with respect to its upper face. Combined with the tray 24, these edges then form a mold for casting the construction element.

It will be noted that the height of said edges may be adapted so as to increase or decrease the thickness of the construction element to be produced.

In particular, such edges can be provided movable in translation, so as to adapt the dimensions, in particular by reducing the surface of the plate 24, varying the dimensions of the mold. In addition, the displacement of said edges allows spacing apart from the surface of said plate 24, facilitating demolding of the building element.

According to the preferred embodiment, shown in the figure 6 , the upper edge 25 is mounted on said plate 24, at its upper edge. Therefore, the height of the table 10 is a function of the height of its plate 24.

According to another embodiment, the upper edge 25 may be movably mounted in translation along and above said plate 24, so as to adjust the dimensioning height of the construction element to be manufactured.

According to said preferred embodiment, said table 10 comprises lateral edges 26 provided movable in translation, to adapt the dimensions but also facilitate demolding.

Preferably, this mobility is ensured through the sliding of each lateral edge 26. This sliding is effected by means of arms 29 mounted integral and protruding on the lateral edge of said plate 24.

These arms 29 may be two attached to each side edge of said plate 24. Therefore, each side edge 26 is mounted in translation on these two arms 29, by means of screws, particularly facilitating the opening of the mold without difficulty for the worker.

In addition, such side edges 26 may be made of a profile of particular shape. Indeed, towards the inside of the plate 24, each profile of a lateral edge 26 has a projection 27, such as a male part, in all its length, of so as to provide a recess along the side edges of the construction element thus produced. As mentioned above, such a recess will allow the securing of two contiguous elements and their keying them in the hollow thus formed.

To do this, said profile may have, at regular intervals along its length, slots 28 allowing the passage of the reinforcement within said element and protruding within said recess. More specifically, each reinforcement is disposed at each of its ends in two slots located vis-a-vis spacings offset from the two opposite side edges 26, prior to the casting of the manufacturing material of said construction element.

Said plate 24 comprises, at its lower end 21, a stall 30 so as to form a groove for casting the material which will form the base 3.

To do this, a plate 31 is fixed vertically on the lower edge of the plate 24, the side of its lower face. This plate 31 receives in the lower part a horizontal wall 32.

In order to close this hook 30 at the free end of the wall 32, a support 33 is positioned vertically. Such a support 33 can be mounted detachable with respect to said plate 24, so as to vary the width of the groove of the drop 30, increasing or decreasing the width of the base 3.

In addition, such a support 33 allows, after casting and partial drying of the building element demolding, this after a reduced time interval that optimizes the daily use of said table 10. Said support 33 is also used for handling for depositing during the complete drying time.

It will be noted that such a support 33 may comprise at least one elongate bar 34 protruding at its lower face and intended to rest on the ground, so as to improve the stability of said construction element once placed on the ground, preventing it from overturning, especially in the event of a strong wind. Such a bar 34 is extended at the opposite of the base 3, providing greater stability to said construction element.

Moreover, said stall 30 receives at its lateral ends cheeks 35 mounted sliding inside the groove thus formed. This sliding of the cheeks makes it possible to adapt the length of said base 3, or even to obtain a base 3 of a length greater or less than that of said outer wall 1.

According to the preferred embodiment, each cheek 35 is in the form of an L-shaped sheet.

Table 10 according to the invention therefore makes it possible to manufacture the construction element, flat, before lifting after a period of partial drying, then allows its transport and handling, for depositing.

In addition, the construction element according to the present invention thus makes it possible to ensure the continuity of the insulation, in particular between the floor and the walls, while at the same time significantly limiting the structural thermal bridges, thus considerably improving the thermal performance. of the whole construction.

Claims (8)

1. A building element for manufacturing a wall and comprised of at least two separate outer (1) and inner (2) walls made integral with each other, wherein said outer wall (1) comprises, in the lower portion, a base (3) projecting inwards and L-shaped, so as to receive and support the lower portion of said inner wall (2), said outer wall (1) and said base (3) forming one and the same building block.
2. A building element according to claim 1, wherein said base (3) extends orthogonally at the level of the lower edge of the outer wall (1).
3. A building element according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said inner wall (2) comprises, at the level of its lower edge, supports located on said base (3).
4. A building element according to claim 3, wherein said supports are in the form of protruding lower bosses (4) leaving a gap with the surface of said base (3).
5. A building element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said inner (2) and outer (1) walls are connected to each other through adjustable-length fastening means.
6. A building element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said inner wall (2) comprises upper bosses projecting with respect to its upper edge in the upper portion.
7. A method for manufacturing a building element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein it consists in casting said outer walls (1) flat on complementarily shaped matrix tables (10), then after drying, raising said tables (10) so as to erect said outer walls (1) on their base (3).
8. A device for implementing the manufacturing of a building element according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising at least one table (10) shaped complementarily to said outer wall (1) and mounted in a hinging way so as to pass from a flat position to a raised position, and vice versa, under the action of lifting means, said table (10) being formed of a plate (24) in the form of at least one flat plate, wherein said plate comprises, at the level of its lower end (21), a set-back (30) so as to form a groove for casting therein the material that will form said base (3).

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