EA013042B1 - Building system for constructing walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a building system for constructing vertical walls using wooden building blocks. The parallelepiped blocks comprise on their upper and lower surfaces a first groove (5a) extending over the entire length of said surfaces. The ridge between the upper surface and the outer surface of the blocks includes a chamfer (12) folding down part of the first groove over its entire length. The system further comprises a first block aligning tongue (6a) designed to be arranged horizontally between the first grooves of adjacent blocks in the wall. The first tongue includes a double-panel incision. The first panel of the incision is engaged in the first groove, the second panel of the incision is pressed against the chamfers of the blocks. The surface opposite the second panel forms an oblique slope for draining off water.

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The object of the present invention is a building structure for erecting vertical walls, containing wooden building blocks, essentially in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, designed to be laid almost horizontally next to each other and almost vertically one above the other in a vertical wall and containing the upper bound, the lower bound, inner edge, outer edge and two end faces for joining in the wall. The upper and lower faces of each block contain at least one first groove made along the entire length of these faces. The design also contains at least the first key for aligning the blocks, intended for horizontal installation between the first grooves of adjacent blocks in the wall.

The invention can be applied to walls of any type containing at least one part made of wood. We can talk about the walls of residential buildings, such as exterior walls, load-bearing walls, internal partitions. The invention can also be used for the construction of swimming pools, saunas, sound-absorbing walls, wind-proof walls, etc.

The level of technology

From the prior art, wooden structures are known in which the walls are made of rounded logs or wooden bars of a size equal to the length of the wall, stacked one on top of the other.

This type of construction is relatively expensive, both in terms of raw material consumption and in terms of labor costs. Indeed, it is necessary to use large logs (i.e., along the length of the walls). In addition, transporting and assembling large-sized round logs on a construction site are complex operations that require skilled and expensive labor.

In addition, these designs are characterized by significant problems of tightness. Indeed, since wood is a material that is susceptible to warping, it is difficult to obtain rounded logs that remain perfectly straight. Therefore, over time, gaps appear between the logs, which significantly impair the thermal, acoustic and waterproofing tightness of a building.

From the prior art wooden structures made of wooden bricks are known. Wooden bricks are easier to manipulate and, as a rule, easier to assemble. Wooden bricks are cheaper compared to rounded logs, since with the same amount of material, making bricks requires cutting down fewer trees.

I8 5890332 describes a modular building construction using “reconstructed” wooden blocks. According to this patent, metal rods are mounted vertically in a slab, preferably made of concrete. Wooden blocks containing a hole in the center, strung on these rods one after another. The rods perform the function of clamping screws and allow you to tie the blocks laid on each other along the height of the wall. Such stacks of wooden blocks are placed next to each other along the wall. Locks for vertical and horizontal alignment, which are installed in grooves made on the surface of the blocks, make it possible to align adjacent blocks in pairs. In addition, the blocks are attached to each other with glue.

Such a building structure does not provide simple, fast and efficient assembly of modules. Indeed, the building structure requires the manufacture and use of numerous “small” parts, namely leveling locks, which increases the time and cost of manufacturing and assembling long parts. In addition, the building structure does not allow to obtain rectilinear walls. The use of leveling locks, described in the above-mentioned information source, allows aligning adjacent blocks only in pairs, but does not allow aligning blocks along the entire wall. In addition, these locks do not secure the blocks to each other, therefore glue must be used to firmly connect the blocks. This leads to the need for an additional step in the construction of the wall and, moreover, makes the building structure does not meet environmental standards due to the use of glue.

It should also be noted that under the pressure of coupling screws, which interconnect the blocks of one stack, the blocks are deformed in the central part; this leads to a general deformation of the wall, which, therefore, does not contain a straight support surface. The use of clamping screws for each stack of blocks also makes it difficult for any further modification of the wall (making openings for windows, doors, etc.).

Finally, this system does not solve the problem of structural integrity. These walls gradually lose tightness as the blocks are deformed under the pressure of coupling screws.

In patent LI 2841577 a building structure for wall construction using wooden blocks is described. The blocks contain longitudinal grooves on two opposite longitudinal edges. The blocks are connected using keys with a length equal to the length of the wall being erected. The keys are placed horizontally between the slots of the blocks. This system allows you to quickly assemble blocks for the construction of the wall, but it does not solve the problem of tightness of the structure.

- 1 013042

Summary of Invention

The present invention is the creation of a building structure for the construction of walls, partially made of wooden material, which allows to solve the above problems of the known technical solutions.

A separate object of the invention is the creation of an inexpensive building structure for the quick and easy construction of stable and hermetic walls.

In this regard, the building structure in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that the edge between the upper face and the outer face of the blocks comprises a chamfer overlapping a part of the first groove along its entire length, and in that the first key has a recess with two surfaces along its entire length, the first surface of the recess is intended to enter the first groove, and the second surface of the recess should rest on the chamfer, while the face opposite the second surface forms an inclined slope to remove water outside the wall.

This design allows you to build more hermetic walls. The first key provides a seal between vertically adjacent blocks in the wall. Indeed, rainwater that flows along the wall blocks or that seeps between the blocks flows along the drain surface formed by the inclined slope of the first rail. Thus, the water is removed outside the wall. In addition, moist air may condense in the form of droplets when in contact with the wall between the blocks. Drops fall on the waste surface of the slats and are removed outside the wall.

Such a construction makes it very easy and very quick to build walls with minimal costs. Indeed, the first key is easily installed in the first grooves due to the presence of the groove and chamfer.

The first key performs two functions: the function of the part for aligning and securing the adjacent blocks to each other and the function of the sealing part. The number of parts manufactured and assembled is reduced, and the cost of manufacture, installation, and labor is reduced.

Preferably, the first key is provided as a single part. Preferably, the chamfer profile is constant. It may be flat or rounded. The surfaces of the recess may be flat or rounded. Preferably, the recess with two surfaces is a rectangular groove.

Preferably, the length of the first key is twice the length of the first slot of the block. Indeed, the first grooves of the upper edges of all blocks that are installed horizontally next to each other in the wall form a long solid groove. The first key installed in this long slot, due to its length, allows aligning and securing these lower blocks to each other along the entire plane of the wall.

In addition, the upper blocks, designed for laying on the lower blocks, contain the first groove on its lower longitudinal edge. Thanks to this first groove, the upper blocks can be easily laid and joined to the lower blocks.

Thus, the key allows you to align and secure along its entire length, on the one hand, the upper blocks between themselves and, on the other hand, the upper blocks with the lower blocks.

Thus, you can easily, quickly and with minimal cost to build sustainable and straight walls.

Preferably the first grooves of the same block are made symmetrically opposite each other. Preferably, the first grooves are substantially in the same position on all the blocks.

Another objective of the present invention is to create a structure that allows the erection of walls with the provision of acoustic, thermal and waterproofing tightness.

In this regard, the building structure in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that the relative dimensions of the first key relative to the first grooves are calculated in such a way that the key is slightly compressed in the cavity formed between the grooves of adjacent blocks.

Thus, the first key, slightly squeezed between the first grooves, forms a spacer between vertically adjacent blocks along its entire length. This gasket forms an effective barrier that does not let moisture and air through at the same time.

This design allows you to quickly, easily and with minimal cost to build a direct and stable hermetic wall. Indeed, the only part, i.e., the first key, simultaneously performs the function of a gasket between vertically adjacent blocks, the function of the alignment part and the fastening of adjacent blocks, and the function of a part for removing water between adjacent blocks.

In addition, this design provides environmentally friendly construction, as it uses environmentally friendly materials that do not pollute the surrounding space.

Another objective of the present invention is to minimize the stress that occurs on the surface of the blocks, and to ensure the easy assembly of wooden blocks that “warp” and lose their original shape.

In this regard, the building structure according to the embodiment is characterized in that the upper and lower faces of the blocks comprise a second groove made along the entire length of these faces, and in that it contains at least one second key alignment key intended to be installed between

- 2 013042 do the second grooves of adjacent blocks.

In the case of wooden blocks, in particular, made of dense wood, two grooves on each of the opposite faces allow to reduce the stress at the block level. Increasing the number of grooves, reduce cracks (in particular, in size and number) that appear at the block level.

In addition, the density of the wooden material of the blocks, in particular, when it comes to solid wood, is not uniform. The tree is deformed by an effect called core pulling. As a result, bumps or depressions appear on the surface of the blocks. Difficult to build blocks, the contact surfaces of which are not flat. Installing the second key between the second grooves of the blocks, at the time of assembly it is easy to stabilize adjacent blocks relative to each other at the level of the surfaces containing the second grooves. Thus, it is possible to avoid, in particular, longitudinal or transverse “swinging” of the blocks relative to each other.

Preferably, the length of the second key is twice the length of the second slot of the block. Thus, the alignment and assembly of a plurality of blocks on the entire portion of the flat wall surface is further facilitated.

Preferably, the relative dimensions of the second key with respect to the sizes of the second grooves are calculated in such a way that the key is slightly compressed in the cavity formed between the grooves of adjacent blocks.

Preferably, the second grooves of one block are arranged symmetrically relative to each other. Preferably, the second grooves are substantially in the same position on all the blocks.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first and / or second grooves have a triangular cross section. The advantage of a groove with such a cross section compared with a groove of a rectangular cross section is the absence of gaps between the key and the groove. Indeed, such a groove contains only two surfaces that come into contact with the key.

According to another embodiment, the first and / or second grooves have a semicircular or arcuate cross section.

Preferably, the portion of the first key intended to be inserted into the first groove and / or the second key have a circular, square or rhombic cross section.

Preferably the keys are made of wood (from dense wood or wood-fiber elements). Making wooden keys is easy and inexpensive, they are environmentally friendly and easy to use. In addition, wood is a relatively hard material that can shrink slightly. In another embodiment, the keys are made of plastic material.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a building structure that allows laying pipelines and / or technical channels in the wall, which remains completely sealed.

To do this, the first or second key is performed in the form of a pipeline or a technical channel. The installation of pipelines or channels is carried out during the assembly of the blocks; no additional equipment is required for this.

Preferably, the channels or conduits installed between the slots of the blocks can themselves function as a gasket. The relative dimensions of the channels or pipelines with respect to the dimensions of the grooves are calculated, in particular, so that the channel or pipeline is slightly compressed in the cavity formed by the grooves of adjacent blocks.

Preferably, the blocks comprise a hole made between the two second slots of these blocks. In this way, it is easy to make a vertical connection between horizontal channels or pipes.

According to another particular embodiment, some blocks contain an opening, starting from one of the second slots of these blocks, and extending at the level of the inner (or outer) face of these blocks. The hole allows you to get out of the wall for channels or pipelines.

These holes can be drilled before assembly (at the place of manufacture of the blocks) or at the time of assembly, depending on the needs of the construction. Thus, it is very easy and fast to lay networks of channels or pipelines that are not visible outside the wall, with precisely adjusted access points and connections.

Preferably, the building structure contains at least one sleeve or sleeve, designed to be installed in these openings to make efficient and tight connections and leads of channels or pipelines.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the blocks comprise at least one third groove on each of their end faces, and the structure comprises at least one third key to fit between the third slots of the end faces.

Preferably, the relative dimensions of the third key with respect to the dimensions of the third grooves are calculated in such a way that the key is slightly compressed in the cavity formed between the grooves of adjacent blocks. Thus, the walls are sealed at the level of transverse gras.

- 3 013042 ne adjacent blocks.

Preferably, the blocks are installed in a staggered order, which provides the best fastening of the blocks relative to each other. Preferably, the third keys have a length identical to or less than the length of the third grooves. Preferably, the third keys are made of dense wood or wood-fiber elements.

Preferably, the third grooves of the side faces do not intersect with the first grooves and / or the second grooves of the longitudinal edges so that the keys, which are mounted vertically or horizontally, do not interfere with each other.

In the private embodiment of the present invention, the end faces of the blocks comprise at least one fourth groove, made essentially vertically along the entire height of the end face, with one of the ends of said fourth groove extending at the level of the chamfered chamfer.

These fourth grooves form gutters between horizontally adjacent blocks. These gutters provide air circulation and, therefore, ventilation between horizontally adjacent blocks. If humid air enters between the end faces of the blocks, it is sent to the ventilation slots. If the air condenses as drops, these drops fall on the inclined surface of the first key located directly below, and are removed outside the wall.

Similarly, if humid air penetrates between the chamfer and the dihedral notch of the first key and condenses as drops, these drops either flow down the chamfer or fall into the fourth groove. Thus, moisture is easily removed outside the wall.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the end faces of the blocks comprise at least one fifth groove, made essentially vertically along the entire height of the end face, with one of the ends of said fifth groove extending at the level of the chamfered upper edge between the end of the fourth groove and the first groove; the design contains a set of sealing gaskets designed for installation in fifth grooves.

The gasket provides a perfect seal between the end faces of the blocks in the wall. Due to the position of the ends of the fifth groove, any condensate that appears at the level of these ends is removed along the chamfer, along the fourth slot of the block and along the drain surface of the key directly below the block.

Preferably, the position of the fourth and fifth slots is substantially the same for each block.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a building structure that makes it easy to attach the blocks to each other.

To do this, each block contains at least one first mounting hole made between the upper and lower edges, essentially perpendicular to these faces. The design contains at least one clamping screw, designed to pass into the first mounting hole.

The blocks also contain at least one second mounting hole, made from the top face, substantially parallel to the first mounting hole.

In this case, the clamping screw can be passed through the first mounting hole of the first block and screwed into the second mounting hole of the second block located below the first block.

This design provides a simple fastening of two vertically adjacent blocks and, therefore, easy and reliable fastening of various elements of the wall. In addition, such a pairwise connection of blocks allows for further changes in the wall. Indeed, in the wall thus assembled, it is easy to make openings, while maintaining the strength and smooth direction of the entire wall.

In addition, the clamping screws create a certain pressure between vertically adjacent blocks in the wall. Thus, the clamping screws allow you to maintain constant contact between the keys and the grooves along the entire length of the keys. This ensures reliable sealing of the wall.

In addition, the building structure allows you to almost perfectly control and adjust the alignment of the wall blocks. Tightening the clamping screw connecting the first and second blocks to one degree or another, it is possible to control the alignment and horizontal position of the second block. The straightness of the second unit can be controlled with a laser. This technology allows to obtain perfectly flat walls in which the position of the blocks is controlled individually.

The building structure allows you to build walls that are perfectly sealed (for example, during the construction of swimming pools or saunas). For this, additional sealing gaskets can be installed between the adjacent surfaces of the blocks and / or between the second surface of the recess and the beveled edge of the blocks. In a preferred embodiment, these sealing gaskets are made of water-repellent rubber, for example, of rubber with closed pores. Rubber is an environmentally friendly material.

The building structure allows obtaining walls containing building elements. To do this, some blocks are less wide than others, so that these blocks, installed next to each other in the wall, form a ledge in the wall, designed to install building elements. This ledge in the wall forms a supporting surface for the installation of building elements, such as logs for flooring or rafters, ridge bars and bars of the sheathing for

- 4 013042 roofs. Thus, it is possible to easily and cheaply build residential buildings with a decrease in the number of parts and components intended for manufacturing and assembly.

Preferably, the blocks are made of dense wood, while the design in accordance with the present invention allows to erect walls for residential buildings, which can be both internal walls and external walls.

Dense wood has well-known insulating properties that make it the most preferred material for erecting external walls. The cost of building such a dwelling is reduced, so there is no need for facing such a wall inside the house, both in terms of isolation and in terms of aesthetics of appearance. In addition, using blocks made of wood of different colors, you can perform walls with a specific pattern. Alternatively, the blocks can also be made of wood-fiber elements (for example, from pressed wood, or from sealed chipboard, or from laminated wood, etc.).

Another object of the present invention is a wall comprising a part made with a building structure in accordance with the present invention.

The object of the present invention is also the building blocks used in the building structure in accordance with the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

These and other aspects of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description of particular embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example wall during erection, performed with a building structure in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of two stacked blocks in a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a wall during construction in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention with horizontally adjacent blocks at the same level;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a wall during erection in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention with a technical space for laying pipelines or channels;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an angle formed between two walls during construction, made with a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a wall during erection in accordance with another embodiment of the invention with a technical space intended for laying pipelines or channels;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a wall comprising a support for building elements, made using a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wall made with a building structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view in cross section of a wall containing an opening.

The figures are not to scale. Similar elements are denoted by the same positions in the figures.

The implementation of the invention

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an example of a wall during its construction, which is made with a building structure in accordance with the present invention.

Wall 1 contains wooden building blocks 2 in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, installed next to each other and one above the other in a checkerboard pattern. Preferably the blocks are made of dense wood. However, they can be made of wood-fiber elements. The upper horizontal longitudinal face of blocks 2 contains two grooves 5a, 5b, parallel to the longest side of the face and made along the entire length of this face. Similarly, the lower horizontal longitudinal edge of the blocks 2 contains two grooves 5c, 56 parallel to the longest side of the face and made along the entire length of this face. Preferably, the two grooves 5a, 5b of the upper face are arranged symmetrically with respect to the two grooves 5c, 56 of the lower face.

The edge at the level of the intersection between the upper face and the outer face of the blocks 2 contains a bevelled chamfer 12. The profile of the chamfer 12 is constant and flat. It may also be rounded or shaped. Chamfer 12 overlaps a portion of the first slot 5b along its entire length.

The first key 6a, having a trapezoidal cross-section, comprises a rectangular groove 60. The rectangular groove 60 comprises a first surface 62c, which extends into the first groove 5a. The rectangular groove 60 comprises a second surface 62a, which rests on the chamfer 12 of the lower blocks 2, and forms a surface that complements the profile of the chamfer 12. The second surface 62a of the key 6a corresponds to the profile of the chamfer 12, while the gap and the space between these two surfaces are minimal. A gasket (not shown) can be installed between these two surfaces. The surface 62b opposite to the second surface 62a forms a drain surface 62b for the flow of water.

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The first part 61 of the first key 6a is arranged between the slots 5a and 5c of the blocks 2 along the entire length of the wall 1. The first part 61 of the first key 6a allows the blocks 2 located horizontally adjacent to each other to be fixed and level along the wall 1. It also allows you to fix and align the blocks 2, located above each other on two levels.

When the first part 61 of the first key 6a is installed between the grooves 5a and 5c of adjacent blocks 2, the waste surface 62 of the first key 6a is interrupted at the level of the outer vertical face of the blocks

2. The sewage surface 62 may also slightly protrude beyond the outer vertical edge of the blocks 2. The sewage surface 62b allows water to be removed beyond the walls 1, thus preventing moisture from penetrating into the wall 1.

The second key 6b is installed between the slots 5b and 56 blocks along the entire length of the wall 1. The key 6b enhances the fixing and alignment of the blocks 2 relative to each other, provided by the first key 6a.

Preferably, maximally long keys 6a, 6b are used and their length preferably should be equal to the length of wall 1. Preferably, the first and second keys 6a, 6b contain chamfered chamfers at the level of their edges.

Experts know that parts made of dense wood do not always retain their original shape. The density of the wooden material of the blocks, in particular the dense wood, is not homogeneous, and the tree is deformed under the action of various phenomena, among which you can specify the pulling of the core. This phenomenon can occur on blocks 2 of dense wood, and bulges or depressions may appear on the edges of these blocks. The presence of two grooves (5a, 5b) and (5c, 56) on each contact side between blocks 2 increases the efficiency of stabilization of blocks located one above another. Thus, you can avoid longitudinal or transverse "swing" of the upper blocks 2 on the lower blocks 2.

In addition, the grooves 5a, 5b, 5c, 56 serve as internal stress absorbers at the level of wooden blocks 2. By increasing the number of grooves, it is possible to reduce the cracks (in number, size, etc.) that appear in the tree.

Blocks 2, forming the first level of the wall 1, are fixed on the foundation in the traditional way, the description of which is omitted. The foundation can be made in the form of a first concrete foundation (not shown), on which a concrete belt (not shown) is laid. The blocks 2 of the first level are fixed on this belt.

On each of its end faces, blocks 2 contain a vertical groove 7, made between the upper and lower longitudinal edges. Between the horizontally adjacent blocks 2, at the level of the slots 7, the keys 8 are set. The keys 8 allow the pairs of horizontally adjacent blocks 2 to be held and aligned.

Preferably, the grooves 7 have a section in the form of an arc of a circle, wherein the arc of a circle is equal to or less than half of the circle. The splines 8 of round section are held between two grooves 7 of two horizontally adjacent blocks 2. The splines 8 are slightly compressed in the space formed by the grooves 7, providing contact between the keys 8 and each surface of the grooves 7. Thus, the wall is sealed at the level of the end faces of the blocks 2.

On each of its end faces, the blocks 2 also contain two vertical grooves 71 and 72 extending at the level of the chamfer 12. The vertical grooves 71, which are closer to the outer face of the blocks, form ventilation slots between the end faces of the adjacent blocks. When moisture condenses on contact with the gutters, water flows along the slots 71, then along the drainage surface 62b. Thus, moisture is removed from the inner space of the wall 1. In the grooves 72 install the keys (not shown) or sealing gaskets.

Blocks 2 are pairwise connected using coupling screws 14. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, each block 2 contains four mounting holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 46, made vertically between the lower and upper horizontal longitudinal edges of block 2. Block 2 is placed on a number of previously connected blocks 2. The clamping screw 14 is passed through the mounting holes 4a, 4c of the block 2 to be connected and screwed into two mounting holes 20a, 20c in one of the two blocks below 2. Similarly, the clamping screw 14 is passed through the fasteners e holes 4b, 46 of the block 2 to be connected, then screw into two mounting holes 20b, 206 of the other block 2 located at the bottom. By tightening the clamping screws 14 located in the mounting holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 46 to some extent, you can control the level of the block 2, in particular, using the "laser level".

In another, not shown embodiment, wooden pins, nails or any other similar means of connecting blocks can be used instead of coupling screws.

FIG. 2 shows in section two stacked blocks according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Block 2a is installed above block 2b in wall 1. Blocks 2a and 2b contain grooves 5a, 5b, 5c, 56 of the same cross section in the form of a right-angled triangle. On the block, the grooves 5a, 5b are made symmetrically with respect to the grooves 5c, 56, and the grooves 5a, 5c are symmetrically compared to the grooves 5b, 56.

- 6 013042

The square key 6b is held slightly compressed in contact along the length of wall 1 between the slots 5b and 56 of the blocks 2b and 2a, respectively. The first part 61 of the square key 6a is held in contact by slightly compressed along the length of wall 1 between the slots 5a and 5c of the blocks 2b and 2a, respectively.

The cross-sectional area of the second key 6L (and respectively the first part 61 of the first key 6a) is equal to or slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the space formed by the slots 5b, 56 (respectively the grooves 5a, 5c). The length of the sides of the keys 6b (respectively, the first part 61 of the first keys 6a) is equal to or slightly greater than the length of the sides of the slots 5b, 56 (respectively, 5a, 5c).

The keys 6a, 6b, which secure the alignment and alignment of the blocks 2, are made of a material that is not completely rigid, such as wood, so that they can be compressed between the slots 5b, 56 and 5a, 5c. The keys 6a, 6b are held compressed due to clamping screws 14, which interconnect the blocks 2a and 2b. Thus, a contact line is obtained between the keys 6a, 6b and each surface of the grooves 5a 5b, 5c, 56 blocks 2a, 2b and along the entire length of these slots. In addition, the second part 62 of the key 6b is held in contact on the chamfer 12 of the block 2b along the length of the wall 1.

Applying this principle for all blocks 2 of wall 1, they achieve perfect acoustic, thermal and waterproofing tightness between blocks 2a, 2b.

In the private embodiment, the tabs 6a, 6b can be fastened in the slots 5a, 5b, 5c, 56 with glue. The keys 6a, 6b can be made of different materials, such as wood, rubber, plastic.

The blocks 2a, 2b contain along the lower face a groove or drainage channel 13, which is formed between the outer edge of this face and the slots 5a, 5b. The drainage chute 13 stops the water that could flow along the lower edge of the block 2a inside the wall 1. The drainage chute 13 of the block 2a is located above the drain surface 62b of the first key 6a. Thus, water that collects in the catchment chute 13 falls on the drainage surface 62b and flows outside the wall 1.

A sealing gasket 16 can be installed between the upper face and the lower face of blocks 2a and 2b along the entire length of wall 1. A sealing gasket (not shown) can also be installed between the end faces of horizontally adjacent pairs of two blocks 2. The sealing gasket is made of a water-repellent material such as rubber closed pores.

FIG. 8 shows a front view of a wall made with a construction according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The block 2a is laid and connected to the blocks 2b by means of coupling screws 14a, 14b, 14c, 146. Block 2a contains two mounting holes 4a and 4b and two mounting holes 4c and 46 (not shown) with a diameter slightly exceeding the diameter of the coupling screws 14a, 14b , 14c, 146 for deepening the heads of coupling screws and installing spring washers (see also Fig. 2). The mounting holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 46 are located vertically between the upper face and the lower face of block 2a and are preferably made during the manufacture of block 2a.

The blocks 2b contain two mounting holes 20a and 20b and two mounting holes 20c and 206 (not shown), made vertically, starting from the upper face of the blocks 2b. The diameter of the mounting holes 20a, 20b, 20c, 206 is smaller than the diameter of the coupling screws 14a, 14b, 14c, 146. The length of the mounting holes 20a, 20b, 20c, 206 depends on the size of the coupling screws 14a, 14b, 14c, 146 and less than the height of the blocks 2b, so that they do not pass through the blocks. The locking screws 14a, 14b are inserted into the fastening holes 4a and 4b of the block 2a, then the fasteners 20a, 20b of the blocks 2b are screwed into the holes to connect the block 2a with the blocks 2b on which the block 2a is mounted. Preferably, the fastening holes 20a and 20b are made during installation using the fastening holes 4a and 4b as guides to ensure that the fastening holes 20a and 20b are in the correct position relative to the fastening holes 4a and 4b. The mounting holes 4a and 4b of the block 2a are arranged so that the mounting holes 20a and 20b of the blocks 2b do not coincide with the mounting holes 4a and 4b of the blocks 2b with which the block 2a is to be connected.

Tightening screws 14a and 14b can be tightened to a greater or lesser degree so as to control the level (horizontal) of the block 2a in the wall.

FIG. 3 shows a top view of a wall during construction in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention comprising horizontally adjacent blocks at the same level.

Preferably, the keys have a length equal to the length of the wall 1. However, for large walls (in particular, large lengths), only one key 6a, 6b shown in FIG. 1 and 2 may be a problem. In this case, in the grooves 5a of horizontally adjacent blocks 2, at the level of wall 1, two keys 6a1 and 6a2 are installed, butted together. Similarly, the tabs 6L1 and 6B2 are installed end-to-end in the grooves 5B of horizontally adjacent blocks 2 at the wall level.

To avoid loss of tightness of the wall at the level of the junction between the keys, chamfers are made at the ends 17c, 176 and 17a, 17b of the keys 6a1, 6a2 and 6b1, 6b2 to make the connection into an oblique lock. In addition, the connection of the keys 6a1 and 6a2 is performed at the level of another block 2, preferably not adjacent to the block 2, on which the connection of the keys 6L1 and 6L2 is performed. Thus, even in the case of shrinkage of the keys 6a1, 6a2 and 6b1, 6b2, tightness is maintained at the level of the joints of the keys 6a1, 6a2 and 6b1, 6b2.

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FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a wall during erection in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprising a technical space allowing to lay pipelines or channels.

The grooves 5a of horizontally adjacent blocks 2 at the wall level form a technical space in which pipeline 9a can be installed. The pipeline 9a performs the function of the alignment and attachment key. The block 2c comprises a vertical opening 90, starting from the groove 5a. The block 5c contains on its inner face a horizontal opening 91 communicating with the vertical opening 90 and providing communication between the vertical opening 90 and the outer space of the wall 1. Preferably, the holes 90 and 91 are made at the time of assembling the wall 1, for example, with a mounted milling cutter.

A vertical opening 90 is provided between the upper face of the block 2c and the horizontal opening 91. It is also possible to perform vertical openings over the entire height of the blocks, thus connecting the horizontal technical spaces in the vertical direction.

Pipeline 9a, if it is capable of being slightly compressed, can provide the function of a gasket as a key. Bushings or connecting sleeves 9b can be installed in holes 90 and 91.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a wall during erection in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, comprising a technical space allowing for laying pipelines or channels.

On its upper edge, block 2c contains a semi-cylindrical groove 5e, which provides communication between the groove 5a of block 2c and the outer side of the wall 1. Similarly, block 2a, designed to be installed above block 2c, contains on its lower edge a groove 5 иденти, identical to groove 5e, providing message with groove 5c.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the angle formed between the two walls being erected, realized with the help of a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Block 2ί of wall 1a is staggered with blocks 211. 2d of wall 1b. The corner block 2D on its upper and lower surfaces contains an additional groove 5e. The groove 5e is made parallel to the small side of the faces. Similarly, block 2d contains on the edge of one of the small sides of the upper surface an additional oblique bevel 12b. The chamfer 12b, as well as the additional grooves 5e, allow the keys 6a of the wall to be positioned simultaneously between the corner blocks 2ί of the wall 1a and the corner blocks 2d of the wall 1b. The internal keys 6b installed between the second grooves 5a, 5c of the corner blocks 2ί of the wall 1a are cut at the level of the intersection with the corner blocks 2ί, 2d of the wall 1b.

Thus, it is possible to easily install them in a pile and fix the angle blocks 2ί, 2d, 21 between them. The keys 6a continue to ensure the tightness of the walls 1a, 1b even at the level of the corners.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a wall comprising a support for building elements made using a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Wall 1 contains a series of horizontally adjacent semi-blocks 2p on one or several levels of the wall. The width of the semi-blocks 2p is half the width of the other blocks of wall 1, and they form a ledge 19 in wall 1. The blocks 2t located under blocks 2n form a support at the level of the ledge 19 on which lag 23 is installed, intended for flooring. The ledge 19 can serve as a support for any construction elements, such as rafters, ramming rails or ridge rails for roof construction.

The ledge 19 is filled with semi-blocks 2p wide, equal to the width of semi-blocks 2n. Semi-blocks 2p and 2p contain a set of grooves, holes, chamfers for connecting and fastening with other blocks of the wall. Laga 23 contains on its upper and lower sides a groove (not shown) located in the continuation of the slots of the semi-blocks 2p. The second keys, installed in the slots of these semi-blocks 2p, can also be located in the slots of the lag. Thus, at the level of the lag is kept tight; The second keys can not be cut. In addition, the second keys allow you to hold the lag 23 in the wall so that it could not move beyond the ledge 19.

As shown in FIG. 8, wall 1 comprises an opening 21 for fixing a window frame. Block 22 performs the function of the window lintel and has a cross section that is identical with the cross section of other blocks 2, and a length greater than the width of the window. FIG. 9 shows a perspective view in cross section of wall 1 at the level of opening 21.

Under the bridge 22, a block 23 is installed, which serves as an upper crossbar of a window box or door frame 100. An upper crossbar 23 having a cross section substantially identical to that of other blocks 2 is joined and fixed on wall 1 in the same way as other blocks 2 The crossbar 23 is formed of three profiles, preferably of wood, joined together in a known manner, for example with glue and / or screws. Thus, the crossbar 23 comprises an upper profile 23a of a width identical to the width of the other blocks 2 walls, and two side profiles 23b, 23c with a rectangular groove. The width of the lower profiles 23b, 23c is less than half the width of the upper profile 23a and forms a hole 23 that allows the window box 100 to be inserted, and a cavity 25. The walls 24a of the hole 24 are essentially adjacent to the walls 100a of the box 100 inserted into

- 8 013042 hole 24. The width of the cavity 25 exceeds the width of the hole 24. The inner walls 24b, 23rd lower profiles 23b, 23c thus form a support surface on which the strapping bar 26 is installed. The strapping bar 26 is fixed on the box 100, providing a window connection carton 100 with the top bar 23.

Experts know that over time, the tree naturally shrinks. The effect of compression is enhanced by the pressure to which the blocks in the wall are subjected. As a result, the height of the cavity 25 decreases with time. Box 100 is compressed in turn and tends to deform, making it difficult to open and close doors and windows. To avoid this problem, the height of the cavity 25 must exceed the height of the bar of the harness 26, forming a gap between the upper wall of the bar of the harness 26 and the lower wall of the upper profile 23a. The jumper 22, as well as the upper crossbar 23, can thus be deformed without causing deformation of the box 23a. Preferably, the height of the gap (IC) is equal to the decrease in the height of the cavity 25 (JC) associated with the compression of the tree, calculated for the height of the cavity 25. The radial shrinkage (x) of the tree is from 0.8 to 1.2%. A sealing gasket 27 of elastic material (rubber, synthetic sponge, etc.) is inserted into the gap between the strapping bar 26 and the profile 23a.

The upper crossbar 23 is made of three profiles 23a, 23b, 23c. Of course, it can be done as a single part or from five profiles.

According to another, not shown embodiment of the present invention, the first part 61 of the first keys 6a and the second keys 6b has a circular cross section. The diameter of the cross section of the keys 6a, 6b is equal to or slightly greater than the length of the sides of the grooves 5a 5b, 5c, 5y.

According to another, not shown embodiment of the present invention, blocks 2 contain grooves 5a 5b, 5c, 5y with a triangular cross-section with a truncated vertex, i.e. in the form of a trapezoid. The first part 61 of the first keys 6a and the second keys 6b in this case has a cross-section in the form of an equilateral hexagon, equal to or slightly larger than the section of the grooves 5a 5b, 5c, 5th. In an alternative embodiment, the cross section of the dowels is round.

According to another, not shown embodiment of the present invention, blocks 2 comprise grooves 5a 5b, 5c, 5y, having a semicircular cross section; The first part 61 of the first keys 6a and the second keys 6b in this case has a circular cross-section with a diameter equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the slots 5a 5b, 5c, 5th. In an alternative embodiment, the first part 61 of the first keys 6a and the second keys 6b has a square cross section, while the length of the side of the square is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the grooves 5a 5b, 5c, 5th.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above description. The invention relates to any new features introduced and any combination of these features. The digital items indicated in the claims do not limit the scope of their protection. The use of the verb "to contain, have or include" and their conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements than those listed in the claims. The use of the term “element” does not exclude the possibility of the presence of several such elements.

The description of the present invention is presented in connection with particular embodiments that are illustrative of the invention and should not be construed as restrictive.

Claims (12)

CLAIM 1. Building construction for erecting vertical walls (1), containing wooden building blocks (2), essentially in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, designed to be placed almost horizontally next to each other and almost vertically one above the other in a vertical wall and containing the top face , the bottom edge, the inner edge, the outer edge and two end faces for joining in the wall, while the upper and lower edges of each block contain at least one first groove (5a, 5c) made along the entire length of these diagrams her; at least one first key (6a) for aligning the blocks, intended for horizontal installation between the first grooves of adjacent blocks in the wall, characterized in that the edge between the upper face and the outer face of the blocks contains a bevelled bevel (12), the overlapping part of the first groove its length; the first key contains a notch (60) with two surfaces (62a, 62c) along its entire length, with the first surface (62c) of the notch intended to fit into the first groove, and the second surface (62a) of the notch should rest on the chamfered bevel, while face (62b), opposite the second surface, forms an inclined slope to remove water outside the wall. 2. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower faces of the blocks contain a second groove (5b, 5y), made along the entire length of these faces, and the fact that the structure contains at least one second key (6b) alignment blocks intended for installation between the second grooves of adjacent blocks. 3. Building construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the relative dimensions of the first - 9 013042 and / or the second key with respect to the sizes of the first and / or second grooves are calculated so that the key is slightly compressed in the cavity formed between the grooves of adjacent blocks. 4. Building construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the first and / or second alignment key is twice the length of the first and / or second slots. 5. Building construction according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the key is a pipeline or technical channel. 6. Building construction according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the keys are made of dense wood or wood-fiber elements. 7. Building construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the blocks comprise at least one third groove (7) on each of their end faces, and in that the structure contains at least one third key (8) intended for installation between the third groove end faces. 8. Building construction according to claim 7, characterized in that the relative dimensions of the third key with respect to the sizes of the third grooves are calculated in such a way that the key is slightly compressed in the cavity formed between the grooves of adjacent blocks. 9. Building construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the end faces of the blocks comprise at least one fourth groove (71), made essentially vertically along the entire height of the end face, with one end of said fourth groove extending into level bevel chamfer. 10. Building construction according to claim 9, characterized in that the end faces of the blocks comprise at least one fifth groove (72), made essentially vertically along the entire height of the end face, with one of the ends of said fifth groove extending at the chamfered upper edge between the end of the fourth groove and the first groove, and the fact that the design contains a set of sealing gaskets intended for installation in the fifth grooves. 11. Building construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the blocks are made of dense wood or wood-fiber elements. 12. Wall, characterized in that part of the wall is performed using the structure in one of the paragraphs.1-11.