UA63837A - Basement block - Google Patents

Abstract

Basement block has concrete body and is made as a prism with the bases being trapezes with one acute angle only; the side faces of the prism are rectangular, and height of the trapezes is equal to the height of the side faces.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to foundation blocks, and can be used in the construction of low-rise buildings and underground structures.

Precast foundation concrete block (FBS, GOST 13579-787) made in the form of a prism is widely known. The disadvantage of the well-known block is its very large weight, which requires the involvement of powerful construction equipment (cranes, hoists, etc.) when using it, which increases the cost and complexity of construction work. 70 The closest to the declared one is the universal small-sized concrete block (UMBB), which is known from the Ukrainian patent Mo34085, published on February 15, 2001. This block has a shape resembling a rectangular prism, while its faces are located at an angle, which allows it to be removed from the formwork without damage during manufacture.

The dimensions of UMBB are multiples of six ordinary building bricks (length 1500 mm, width 720 mm, thickness 39 mm).

The block has a hole that can be filled with concrete or used as a technological hole. The weight of UMBB ranges from 8 to 20 kg.

Thus, the construction of the foundation from UMBB does not require the involvement of special lifting equipment and does not require high professional skills from builders.

However, such a block does not allow flexibly varying the dimensions of the foundation sole. Of course, the calculated width of the base of the foundation can be different, even for the same houses built in different places. It is determined taking into account the properties of the specific soil and operating loads.

Low-rise buildings are often built on areas that are limited in area, so it is very important to avoid building foundations with an excess area.

The invention is based on the task of improving the known foundation block by changing its shape, which will allow to flexibly vary the dimensions of the foundation plane, using only one type of block 22, to change the width of the foundation sole with a small modular step. "

The task is solved by the fact that in the known foundation block containing a concrete body, according to the invention, it is made in the form of a prism, the bases of which are trapezoids with only one acute angle, the side faces of the prism are rectangles, and the height of the trapezoids is equal to the height of the side faces.

Depending on which side (face) the block is placed on, its width and height change. A combination of 30 identical blocks, which can be in different positions, regulate the parameters of the foundation. co

At the same time, the ratio between the bases of the trapezoid and its height should be chosen as follows:

AVI- AHA t) (A from 2t), where: so

A - the smaller base of the trapezoid, mm; co

B - the larger base of the trapezoid, mm; 325 A - trapezoidal height, mm; ke, t - module equal to 100mm; at the same time, the values of A are selected from a number of natural numbers that are multiples of 100 mm.

The walls of low-rise buildings are mostly 290, 390 or 490 mm thick. Therefore, a module equal to 100 mm is optimal for their construction. At the same time, with the help of the proposed blocks, the Z 50 foundation, which has a depth of 0.4 m and a width of 400 or 500 mm, is most often performed. c It is best for combining blocks when the base of the trapezoid is smaller, the base of the trapezoid is larger, and its height

From" are related as 2:3:4. That is, they will have a size of 200, 300 and 400 mm, respectively.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing, where the block is shown in Fig. 17, its base in the form of a trapezoid is shown in Fig. 2, and examples of the implementation of the foundation sole using the claimed block are shown in Fig. 3. 45 The foundation block contains a concrete body 1 made in the form of a prism. The bases of the prism are made in the form of b trapezoids 2, which have only one acute angle 2. All the side faces of the C prism are rectangles, and the height pso of the base is equal to the height H of the side faces 3.

Blocks are made in a known way, for example, from M200 slag concrete by semi-dry mechanical pressing or from B20 concrete in special forms. The weight of the block is 64-80 kg. со 20 Blocks are laid by hand on cement mortar. In order to make a foundation of the required width (with a specified module of 100 mm), the blocks are combined. tm In Fig. 3, the first block is installed on a trapezoidal base, and the other is installed parallel to it.

A foundation is formed with the required width of the sole I.

In Fig. 4, the first and second blocks are installed on trapezoidal bases, and the face with width A is adjacent to the face with width H, and the third block is installed on top. A foundation is formed with the necessary sole width I 2.

In Fig. 5, the first and second blocks are installed on the largest, square faces with width H, and the third block is installed on top of them. A foundation with the required width of the sole is formed.

In Fig.b6, the first block is installed on the largest, square face with width H, the second block is installed 60 on a trapezoidal base, and is adjacent to the first face with width H, and the third block is installed on top of them. A foundation is formed with the required width of the sole I.

The width of the sole of the foundation G/. varies depending on the version of its implementation by a value that is a multiple of the module t. The number of options for combining blocks is very large.

The first example of the implementation of the invention. because Let's assume that the smaller base of the trapezoid A is 100 mm. Let's calculate the ratio between the bases of the trapezoid and its height and their specific dimensions according to the above formula.

A:B:y - 100100 zhi- 100):0100 y- 2X100) - 100:200:300.

So:

A-100mm v-200mm p-Z0OmMmM

Nep-ZOOMmM

The width of the sole of the foundation will be as follows: 70 x 300 mm (fig. 3); 1 2-400 mm (fig. 4);

Length 35500 mm (fig. 5);

And x-60 Ohm (fig. b).

The second example of the implementation of the invention.

Let's assume that the smaller base of the trapezoid A is 200 mm. Let's calculate the ratio between the bases of the trapezoid and its height and their specific dimensions according to the above formula.

A:B:th - 200:(200 w- 100):(200 h- 2X100) - 200:300:400.

So:

A-200mm in-Z0OmMm p-400mm

NAep-400mMm

The width of the foundation sole will be as follows:

II/400mm (fig. 3);

And 25500MM (fig. 4);

And 3-v00mm (fig. 5); « 4700 MM (fig. b).

Obviously, such dimensions of the block are optimal - they correspond to the width of the walls of low-rise buildings.

The third example of the implementation of the invention. Let's assume that the smaller base of the trapezoid A is equal to ЗО0Омм. Let's calculate the ratio between the bases of the trapezoid and its height and their specific dimensions according to the above formula. at

A:B:p - 300:(300 w- 100):(300 h- 2X100) - 300:400:500. co

So:

A-3Z00mm She 8v-40О0mm «о p-5OOMM

Naep-bOoOmMm

The width of the foundation sole will be as follows:

Y/2500 mm (fig. 3); "

And 2-600mm (fig. 4); with c and 3-700 mm (fig. 5);

Y I x 800mm (fig.b). and?" Such block sizes are acceptable for larger buildings, but the principle of modularity is preserved.

Thus, the use of the proposed block allows you to flexibly vary the dimensions of the foundation plane, using only one type of block to change the width of the foundation sole. (22) d)

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. A foundation block containing a concrete body, which is distinguished by the fact that it is made in the form of a prism, the bases of which are trapezoids with only one acute angle, the side faces of the prism are rectangles, and the height "M of the trapezoids is equal to the height of the side faces. 2. The foundation block according to claim 1, which differs in that the ratio between the bases of the trapezoid and its height is as follows: А:ВИп- АЦА ж t)ЦА Ж 2), where: А - the smaller base of the trapezium, mm; Р» В - the larger base of the trapezoid, mm; A - trapezium height, mm; t is a module equal to 100 mm, while the values of A are selected from a series of natural numbers that are multiples of 100. C. The foundation block according to claim 2, which differs in that the smaller base of the trapezoid, the larger base of the trapezoid and its height are related as 2:3:4. b5