EP0294326A1 - Apparatus for producing moulded stones - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing moulded stones Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294326A1
EP0294326A1 EP88810328A EP88810328A EP0294326A1 EP 0294326 A1 EP0294326 A1 EP 0294326A1 EP 88810328 A EP88810328 A EP 88810328A EP 88810328 A EP88810328 A EP 88810328A EP 0294326 A1 EP0294326 A1 EP 0294326A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
box
molding box
side wall
concrete
stone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88810328A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willi Ruckstuhl
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0294326A1 publication Critical patent/EP0294326A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
    • B28B7/0035—Moulds characterised by the way in which the sidewalls of the mould and the moulded article move with respect to each other during demoulding
    • B28B7/0041—Moulds characterised by the way in which the sidewalls of the mould and the moulded article move with respect to each other during demoulding the sidewalls of the mould being moved only parallelly away from the sidewalls of the moulded article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
    • B28B7/007—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces with moulding surfaces simulating natural effets, e.g. wood or stone
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E04B2002/0234—Angular dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0252—Dovetail keys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0269—Building elements with a natural stone facing

Definitions

  • a large number of shaped blocks made of cast concrete are known. Such shaped stones are used especially for creating embankments and walls.
  • the present invention relates to a new shaped block of this type and to a method and a device for its factory production.
  • Such shaped stones are conventionally manufactured in a wide variety of forms by means of special devices.
  • a molding box is used, the inside of which corresponds to the negative shape of the stone to be produced.
  • This molding stone lies on a support board which is pushed by a board car traveling on rails onto a plate which acts as the main vibrator and is arranged under the molding box. First the molding box is placed on the underlay board. Then its interior is covered with concrete pours.
  • the storage silo can be emptied into the filling car via a snout.
  • the filling car is moved back under the silo and a stamp is lowered onto the poured concrete.
  • the cross-sectional area of the stamp is adapted to the shape of the upper boundary surfaces of the shaped stone to be manufactured.
  • the stamp is usually pressed onto the filled concrete by hydraulic means. At the same time, this stamp acts as a load vibrator.
  • a main vibrator also interacts with the vibrating of the stamp from the lower side of the molding box, that is from below the platen.
  • the stamp When the stamp is pressed on, vibrations are made from above and below, which results in a considerable compression of the filled concrete. As a result, the concrete optimally fills all corners and angles inside the molding box. Its compaction gives it a strength that allows it to be removed from the form immediately.
  • the molding box is raised vertically along the stamp over it, while the stamp is still pressing on the molding stone. As soon as the lower end of the molding box has been raised above the stamp surface, is started also took the stamp from the molding box and started it up.
  • the finished shaped block is now lying as a blank on the underlay board, which is pushed away from the wooden wagon in order to then be transported further by means of a conveyor. The empty board car is then moved back again.
  • the molding box In the case of repeated ancestors, he pushes a new underlay board onto the main vibrator. The molding box is then lowered onto the underlay board and refilled with concrete. In this conventional method, the molded block is always removed in the vertical direction by moving the molded box vertically upwards. The inside of the molding box defines all the lateral boundary surfaces of the molded block to be manufactured as well as all surfaces visible from above on the finished molded block with the exception of its uppermost boundary surface. As a result of the vertical movement of the mold box for demoulding, it is not possible to use the mold box to form any other surfaces on the mold stone than those listed above.
  • embankment stones each of which forms an open-topped box, are used to create embankments with different angles of inclination.
  • the individual embankment stones are turned into one from bottom to top embanking slope used, the embankment stones are usually stacked slightly offset on each other. Each row is set back from the lower one according to the slope.
  • the stones have special heels that serve as stops, which effectively prevent a stone from being pushed over the lower one.
  • a shaped block which is distinguished by the fact that it has at least one visible side structured like natural stone, and by a method for its factory production according to the preamble of patent claim 1 with the characterizing features of the same patent claim and by means of a device for exercising it Method according to the preamble of claim 2 with the characterizing features of the same claim.
  • the shaped block according to the invention and the method according to the invention are explained in the following description with reference to the drawings.
  • a device for performing the method is also shown and described on the basis of an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 The essential components of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention are shown in FIG. 1.
  • an underlay board 13 which rests on a so-called wooden cart and can therefore be moved horizontally by moving the wooden cart back and forth, can be seen here in Cross section drawn the movable side wall 4 of the molding box.
  • this side wall 4 can be displaced translationally perpendicular to its wall surface from left to right and vice versa.
  • It is connected to two bolts 10 which are mounted and guided in a bolt bearing plate 6 by means of bearing sleeves 14.
  • a sliding cap 12 is placed on each of the bolt ends, which abuts against a control piece 9.
  • the control pieces 9 have a shape on both sides in the plan, which form a guide curve for the bolts 10.
  • a sliding plate 8 connects the two control pieces 9 and is slidably mounted perpendicular to the sheet plane.
  • Compression springs 11 are placed over the bolts 10 between the bolt bearing plate 6 and the sliding caps 12. These compression springs ensure that the bolts 10 with their sliding caps 12 are always pressed against the control pieces 9. If the sliding plate 8 is now moved, the control pieces 9 slide with their lateral boundary surfaces, which each form a guide curve for the bolts 10, past their sliding caps 12. Accordingly, the bolts 10 move back and forth in the bearing sleeves 14 and move the side wall 4 of the molding box.
  • a structural plate 5 can be detached from this side wall 4 on the side facing the inside of the molding box attached.
  • the structure 18 of this plate is modeled on that of an arbitrary natural stone.
  • This structure plate 5 can consist of various suitable materials. For example, polyurethane, so-called nodular cast iron or ordinary aluminum, steel or gray cast iron is best suited. In any case, the material of the structure plate 18 has to withstand considerable pressures, the filling concrete should not adhere to it and the structure 18 should not be gradually eroded away when the concrete is introduced. To the left of the structural plate 5, the shaped block 1 that has just been produced is shown hatched in cross section.
  • a molding box insert 2 which forms a further negative mold for the inner boundary surfaces of the molded block to be produced, which can be seen from above.
  • This insert 2 consists of appropriately shaped steel plates and also comprises a cover which is intended to prevent concrete from entering the insert 2 when it is being poured in.
  • the mechanism described above for displacing the side surface 4 and the structure plate 5 is also protected by a special cover plate 7, so that no concrete can penetrate this area.
  • the stamp 3 acts on the free area of the molding box at the top.
  • This stamp 3 also acts as a load vibrator.
  • the main vibrator is effective from the lower side of the base board.
  • the method according to the invention will now be explained below using the described device.
  • the starting position is the free underlay board 13 without all the devices shown on it. It belongs on a so-called board wagon, which can advantageously be moved on rails.
  • This board trolley is initially moved under the entire device in such a way that the underlay board 13 pushes onto a main vibrator and is located completely under the molding box.
  • the molding box is lowered onto the support board 13. This is usually done with the help of hydraulic cylinder-piston units or purely mechanically. With the lowering of the molding box as the first process step, the situation shown in FIG.
  • the molding box insert 2 the structure plate 5 and the side wall 4 as well as the bolt 10
  • the bearing plate 6 and the sliding plate 8 with the Control pieces 9 is firmly connected to the molding box.
  • a filling car is moved over the lowered molding box.
  • the filling car consisting essentially of an open frame, runs over the covers of the molding box as well as over its openings.
  • a container with ready-to-use concrete is arranged above the production site.
  • the container has a movable segment at the bottom, which forms a snout by means of which the concrete is poured out.
  • the snout is opened by the filling truck when the container is passed under it.
  • the filling truck now moves back and forth on the molding box and this is thereby filled with concrete.
  • the punch 3 which can be moved vertically with respect to the molding box, then moves down onto the filled-in concrete. In this position, which is now shown in FIG. 1, considerable pressure is applied to it and at the same time it is set in vibration.
  • the main vibrator which acts with the plunger 3 acting as a load vibrator, takes effect from the lower side of the support board 13 cooperates.
  • the filled-in concrete 1 is optimally pressed and vibrated, as a result of which it reaches all corners and angles of the interior of the molding box and fills it completely.
  • the molded block 1 thus far can now be removed.
  • the molding box could simply be extended vertically upwards.
  • the structured side 18 of the shaped block 1 in the example shown here in FIG. 1 is overhanging towards the top and outside. Therefore, as a further, third step, the movable side wall 4, which carries the structure plate 5, is moved back to the right at least as far as the vertical distance between the highest elevation and the deepest depression is on the structure.
  • this retraction takes place by moving the control pieces 9.
  • the sliding caps 12 of the bolts 10 slide along the lateral movement surfaces of these control pieces 9, which surfaces thereby act as guide curves.
  • the control pieces 9 are moved over the sliding plate 8 by means of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit.
  • the compression springs 11 press the bolts 10 as far as the Slide bearings 12 are left to the right, so that they pull the side wall 4 with the structural plate 5 attached to it to the right.
  • the maximum difference in height of the guide curve on the control piece 9 must therefore correspond to the desired displacement distance of the structure plate 5.
  • the freshly pressed and compacted molded block is exposed to such an extent by the pushed back structural plate 5 that the molding box as a whole can now be raised as the fourth process step. It is important here that the lowermost edges of the molding box are raised somewhat further past the lowermost edges of the stamp 3, so that a clean formwork takes place on the upper edges of the fresh molded block 1.
  • the fifth process step is the raising of the stamp 3, whereby the finished molded block is finally exposed.
  • the underlay board 13 now loaded with the molding is pushed away from the main vibrator by means of the board trolley and thereby reaches the driver of a conveying path to a lifting ladder, a board silo, which is emptied by a special vehicle. This brings the moldings into special hardening chambers, where they are stored for hardening. As soon as the board car again a new underlay board 13, who fetched it from a board magazine and pushed it onto the main vibrator, the process begins again.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device which is in principle identical to the device shown in FIG. 1 in plan view. However, this is a multiple molding box 17, with which several molded blocks 1 are manufactured simultaneously in one process. Only a section of this multiple-shape box is shown, namely one of its four corners. It can extend repeatedly to the left and upwards in the same way as often as desired.
  • a double-acting mechanism for moving two mutually opposite movable side walls 4 can be seen. Both side walls 4 in turn carry a structural plate 5.
  • the control pieces 9 are arranged symmetrically along the displacement axis. On the sliding plate 8 there are several such symmetrical control pieces 9 one behind the other, on the lateral boundary surfaces of which one of the sliding caps 12 of a bolt 10 is present.
  • this mechanism offers the advantage in the simplest possible way that it can easily apply pressure to the side walls 4. This pressure is generated when the concrete is pressed in indirectly acting on the structural plates and is just absorbed by the control pieces 9, which can easily absorb the reaction forces, since these occur in opposite directions on both sides. The formwork is also easy, despite the fact that the entire mechanism is jammed under the large pressure of the punch. A hydraulic cylinder-piston unit is nevertheless able to move the sliding plate 8 with ease and to release the jam. A one-way mechanism is shown on the right-hand side of FIG.
  • the compressive forces are released on the outer wall of the multiple molding box 17.
  • these are mounted on special slide bearings 16 on the side wall.
  • the multiple molding box allows the simultaneous production of a number of shaped blocks 1 with different structures, so that a natural variation of each type of structure is achieved.
  • the type of the same structure gives the impression of a natural irregularity when viewed, whereby the shaped stones are hardly recognizable as factory stones.
  • FIG. 3 The same device as that just described in FIG. 2 is also shown in FIG. 3, but here in a cross section.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a shaped brick for creating an ordinary wall as it is produced by the method according to the invention.
  • This stone has a visible side 20, the structure of which can hardly be distinguished from a hewn natural stone. Since a whole range of stones with a similar, but varied structure is produced with a multi-stone box, a wall created with such stones actually looks strikingly natural.
  • a wall made of such shaped stones is shown. It consists of several stones of different sizes. The stones everyone Stone size can, however, be absolutely identical. Such an assortment of different stone sizes can be manufactured in one operation using a multiple molding box.
  • the structure which already varies from stone size to stone size, is further loosened.
  • Such a wall can hardly be seen that it consists of factory-made shaped stones.
  • the stones used are considerably less expensive than rough natural stones.
  • the remaining sides of the stones are of a regularity that is pleasant for installation.
  • the shaped block shown in Figure 6 is used specifically for creating embankments. It is box-shaped and has an overhanging front, which is provided with a structure. The front side is somewhat raised compared to the other sides of the box, whereby a shoulder 21 is formed which, when this type of stone is stacked, serves as a stop for the one lying thereon.
  • the box is open at the bottom. At least a third of the inside of the molded stone facing the front is closed by a base piece 22. The purpose of this floor is clear from the figure 7.
  • FIG. 7 shows on the left a stack of shaped stones according to the invention for creating an embankment.
  • Each stone is pushed forward with its front up to the stop on the lower stone.
  • a maximum slope angle of almost 80 ° is achieved with the proportions of the shaped block shown here.
  • Humus is filled into the inside of the shaped stones, which are designed similar to flower boxes. Under those stones that have a piece of soil, the earth material settles in such a way that a free corner remains in the stone below at the top front. This humus can be planted there.
  • the right image in Figure 7 shows the same slope from the front.
  • the stones in each row are offset from the lower ones. This creates free space for planting.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embankment wall which is built up with the same shaped stones, but in which the individual stones are strung together and offset in half from row to row. What is peculiar about this wall is the fact that no horizontal joints are visible. Instead of horizontal joints there are small shoulders around which the wall goes from row to row is set back. These heels look particularly original when viewed from the front and loosen up the otherwise strict scheme of a vertical wall.
  • Figure 9 shows such a wall as shown in Figure 8 seen from above, that is in plan. It can be clearly seen how the stones are staggered from row to row and also half-staggered laterally. The wall can still be filled with soil or concrete even after the stones have been stacked. In practice, however, it is most advantageous to fill in continuously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

Der Formstein (1) weist eine natursteinähnlich strukturierte Sichtseite (18) auf. Wegen dieser Struktur kann der Formkasten (17) für das Entschalen nicht bloss angehoben werden. Deswegen weist der Formkasten (17) mindestens eine bewegliche Seitenfläche (4) auf, die mit einer Strukturplatte (5) bestückt ist. Die bewegliche Seitenwand (4) kann mittels Bolzen (10), die in einer Bolzenlagerplatte (6) geführt sind, translatorisch senkrecht zur Wandebene um mindestens die Strukturtiefe verschoben werden. Steuerstücke (9) sind an einer Schiebeplatte (8) senkrecht zu den Bolzenachsen verschiebbar. An ihren seitlichen Begrenzungsflächen, die als Führungskurven wirken, stehen die Bolzen (10) mit ihren Gleitkappen (12) an. Sie werden von Druckfedern ständig gegen die Steuerstücke (9) gedrückt, welche die Druckkräfte der Bolzen (10) aufnehmen. In der gezeigten Position der Strukturplatten (5) wird der Beton (1) eingefüllt. Nach dem Pressen und Einvibrieren wird die Strukturplatte vom Formstein (1) weggefahren, wonach der Formkasten (17) zum Entschalen weggehoben wird.The shaped stone (1) has a visible side (18) structured like natural stone. Because of this structure, the mold box (17) cannot simply be raised for demoulding. For this reason, the molding box (17) has at least one movable side surface (4) which is equipped with a structure plate (5). The movable side wall (4) can be displaced translationally perpendicular to the wall plane by at least the structural depth by means of bolts (10) which are guided in a bolt bearing plate (6). Control pieces (9) can be moved on a sliding plate (8) perpendicular to the pin axes. The bolts (10) with their sliding caps (12) rest on their lateral boundary surfaces, which act as guide curves. They are constantly pressed by pressure springs against the control pieces (9), which absorb the pressure forces of the bolts (10). In the position of the structural plates (5) shown, the concrete (1) is filled. After pressing and vibrating, the structure plate is moved away from the molded block (1), after which the molded box (17) is lifted away for demoulding.

Description

Eine Vielzahl von Formsteinen aus gegossenem Beton sind bekannt. Solche Formsteine werden besonders zum Erstellen von Böschungen und Mauern verwendet. Die vorliegende Er­findung betrifft einen neuen Formstein dieser Art sowie ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu seiner fabrikmässi­gen Herstellung. Herkömmlich werden solche Formsteine in verschiedensten Formen mittels speziellen Einrichtungen gefertigt. Im wesentlichen wird mit einem Formkasten ge­arbeitet, dessen Inneres der Negativform des zu fertigen­den Steines entspricht Dieser Formstein liegt auf einem Unterlagsbrett, welches von einem auf Schienen fahrenden Bretterwagen auf eine Platte geschoben, die als Hauptvi­brator wirkt und unter dem Formkasten angeordnet ist. Zuerst wird der Formkasten auf das Unterlagsbrett aufge­setzt. Anschliessend wird sein Inneres mit Beton voiige­ schüttet. Dazu dient ein Füllwagen, der sich den Beton aus einem Vorratssilo mit Fertigbeton holt. Das Vorrats­silo ist über eine Schnauze in den Füllwagen entleerbar. Sobald der Formkasten mit Beton gefüllt ist, wird der Füllwagen zurück unter das Silo gefahren und ein Stempel wird auf den eingeschütteten Beton heruntergelassen. Die Querschnittsfläche des Stempels ist dabei der Form der oberen Begrenzungsflächen des zu fertigenden Formsteines angepasst. Der Stempel wird meist mit hydraulischen Mit­teln auf den eingefüllten Beton gedrückt. Gleichzeitig wirkt dieser Stempel als Auflastvibrator. Auch von der unteren Seite des Formkastens her, also von unterhalb des Bretterwagens, wirkt ein Hauptvibrator mit dem Vibrieren des Stempels zusammen. Während dem Aufdrücken des Stem­pels wird also von oben und unten her vibriert, was eine erhebliche Verdichtung des eingefüllten Betons zur Folge hat. Der Beton füllt dadurch alle Ecken und Winkel im Innern des Formkastens optimal aus. Durch seine Verdich­tung erhält er eine Festigkeit, die es erlaubt, den ge­fertigten Formstein sofort zu entschalen. Hierzu wird der Formkasten senkrecht längs dem Stempel über diesen hoch­gefahren, während der Stempel immer noch auf den Form­stein drückt. Sobald der Formkasten mit seinem unteren Ende über die Stempelfläche hinaus hochgefahren ist, wird auch der Stempel vom Formkasten mitgenommen und hochge­fahren. Der fertige Formstein liegt nun als Rohling auf dem Unterlagsbrett, welches vom Bretterwagen weggeschoben wird, um anschliessend mittels einer Fördereinrichtung weitertransportiert zu werden. Der leere Bretterwagen wird sodann wieder zurückgefahren. Beim wiederholten Vor­fahren schiebt er ein neues Unterlagsbrett auf den Haupt­vibrator Daraufhin wird der Formkasten wiederum auf das Unterlagsbrett abgesenkt und erneut mit Beton gefüllt. Bei diesem herkömmlichen Verfahren wird der Formstein also stets in vertikaler Richtung entschalt, indem der Formkasten senkrecht nach oben weggefahren wird. Der Formkasten definiert mit seinen Innenseiten sämtliche seitlichen Begrenzungsflächen des zu fertigenden Form­steines wie auch alle am fertigen Formstein von oben ein­sehbaren Flächen mit Ausnahme seiner obersten Begren­zungsfläche. Infolge der vertikalen Bewegung des Form­kastens zum Entschalen können mit solch einem Formkasten keine andersliegenden Flächen am Formstein geformt werden als die oben aufgeführten.A large number of shaped blocks made of cast concrete are known. Such shaped stones are used especially for creating embankments and walls. The present invention relates to a new shaped block of this type and to a method and a device for its factory production. Such shaped stones are conventionally manufactured in a wide variety of forms by means of special devices. Essentially, a molding box is used, the inside of which corresponds to the negative shape of the stone to be produced. This molding stone lies on a support board which is pushed by a board car traveling on rails onto a plate which acts as the main vibrator and is arranged under the molding box. First the molding box is placed on the underlay board. Then its interior is covered with concrete pours. This is done using a filling truck that fetches the concrete from a storage silo with ready-mixed concrete. The storage silo can be emptied into the filling car via a snout. As soon as the molding box is filled with concrete, the filling car is moved back under the silo and a stamp is lowered onto the poured concrete. The cross-sectional area of the stamp is adapted to the shape of the upper boundary surfaces of the shaped stone to be manufactured. The stamp is usually pressed onto the filled concrete by hydraulic means. At the same time, this stamp acts as a load vibrator. A main vibrator also interacts with the vibrating of the stamp from the lower side of the molding box, that is from below the platen. When the stamp is pressed on, vibrations are made from above and below, which results in a considerable compression of the filled concrete. As a result, the concrete optimally fills all corners and angles inside the molding box. Its compaction gives it a strength that allows it to be removed from the form immediately. For this purpose, the molding box is raised vertically along the stamp over it, while the stamp is still pressing on the molding stone. As soon as the lower end of the molding box has been raised above the stamp surface, is started also took the stamp from the molding box and started it up. The finished shaped block is now lying as a blank on the underlay board, which is pushed away from the wooden wagon in order to then be transported further by means of a conveyor. The empty board car is then moved back again. In the case of repeated ancestors, he pushes a new underlay board onto the main vibrator. The molding box is then lowered onto the underlay board and refilled with concrete. In this conventional method, the molded block is always removed in the vertical direction by moving the molded box vertically upwards. The inside of the molding box defines all the lateral boundary surfaces of the molded block to be manufactured as well as all surfaces visible from above on the finished molded block with the exception of its uppermost boundary surface. As a result of the vertical movement of the mold box for demoulding, it is not possible to use the mold box to form any other surfaces on the mold stone than those listed above.

Zum Anlegen von Böschungen verschiedener Neigungswinkel verwendet man zum Beispiel besondere Böschungssteine, welche je einen oben offenen Kasten bilden. Die einzelnen Böschungssteine werden von unten nach oben in einen zu beböschenden Hang eingesetzt, wobei die Böschungssteine meist etwas versetzt aufeinander gestapelt werden. Jede Reihe ist dabei gegenüber der unteren entsprechend der Hangneigung zurückversetzt. Die Steine weisen besondere, als Anschläge dienende Absätze auf, durch die wirksam verhindert wird, dass ein Stein über die jeweils unteren hinausgeschoben werden kann. Diese Absätze an den Steinen bestimmen zugleich auch den maximal möglichen Neigungs­winkel, mit welchem eine Böschung mit solchen Steinen an­gelegt werden kann. Gerade zum Anlegen von Böschungen wären Formsteine mit einer überhängenden Frontseite wünschbar, weil damit steilere Böschungssicherungen auf­baubar wären.For example, special embankment stones, each of which forms an open-topped box, are used to create embankments with different angles of inclination. The individual embankment stones are turned into one from bottom to top embanking slope used, the embankment stones are usually stacked slightly offset on each other. Each row is set back from the lower one according to the slope. The stones have special heels that serve as stops, which effectively prevent a stone from being pushed over the lower one. These paragraphs on the stones also determine the maximum possible angle of inclination with which an embankment with such stones can be created. Shaped stones with an overhanging front would be desirable especially for creating embankments, because this would enable steeper embankment protection to be built up.

Herkömmliche Formsteine weisen infolge ihres Herstel­lungsverfahrens glatte Seitenflächen auf, da ja der Form­kasten beim Entschalen längs dieser Flächen weggezogen wird. Die glatten Seitenflächen wirken als Sichtseiten in erstellten Böschungen kahl, künstlich und unschön.As a result of their manufacturing process, conventional molded blocks have smooth side surfaces, since the mold box is pulled away along these surfaces when the mold is removed. The smooth side surfaces appear bare, artificial and unattractive as visible sides in the embankments.

Es ist deshalb erwünscht, Formsteine mit verschieden strukturierten Sichtseiten herzustellen. Mit solchen Strukturen liesse sich ein natursteinähnliches Bild ge­winnen. Ein solcher Formstein mit zum Beispiel überhän­gender und strukturierter Front-Sichtseite konnte bisher nicht fabrikmässig hergestellt werden, weil eben der Formkasten stets vertikal nach oben weggefahren wird. Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe dieser Erfindung, einen solchen Formstein sowie ein Verfahren und eine Vorrich­tung zu dessen Herstellung zu schaffen, mit denen die fa­brikmässige Herstellung eines Formsteines mit struktu­rierten und/oder überhängenden Seitenflächen ermöglicht wird.It is therefore desirable to produce shaped blocks with differently structured visible sides. With such structures, a natural stone-like picture could be obtained. Such a shaped stone with, for example, an overhanging and structured front face could not be manufactured in the factory up to now, because of that Molding box is always moved vertically upwards. It is therefore the object of this invention to provide such a shaped block as well as a method and a device for its production, with which the factory production of a shaped block with structured and / or overhanging side surfaces is made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst von einem Formstein, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass er mindestens eine naturstein­ähnlich strukturierte Sichtseite aufweist, und von einem Verfahren zu dessen fabrikmässigen Herstellung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 mit den kennzeichnen­den Merkmalen des nämlichen Patentanspruches sowie mit­tels einer Vorrichtung zur Ausübung dieses Verfahrens nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 2 mit den kenn­zeichnenden Merkmalen desselben Patentanspruches. Anhand der Zeichnungen sind der erfindungsgemässe Form­stein und das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren in der nachfol­genden Beschreibung erläutert. Auch eine Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens ist anhand einer beispielsweisen Ausführung dargestellt und beschrieben.This object is achieved by a shaped block, which is distinguished by the fact that it has at least one visible side structured like natural stone, and by a method for its factory production according to the preamble of patent claim 1 with the characterizing features of the same patent claim and by means of a device for exercising it Method according to the preamble of claim 2 with the characterizing features of the same claim. The shaped block according to the invention and the method according to the invention are explained in the following description with reference to the drawings. A device for performing the method is also shown and described on the basis of an exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 Die bewegliche Seitenfläche eines Formkastens im Querschnitt;
  • Fig. 2 einen Mehrfach-Formkasten mit beweglichen Sei­tenwänden im Grundriss;
  • Fig. 3 einen Mehrfach-Formkasten mit Stempeln im Quer­schnitt;
  • Fig. 4 einen Formstein mit strukturierter Frontseite für den Mauerbau;
  • Fig. 5 eine Mauer mit Formsteinen gemäss Figur 4;
  • Fig. 6 einen Formstein mit strukturierter Frontseite zur Erstellung einer Böschungsmauer;
  • Fig. 7 eine Böschungsmauer mit in Abstand zueinander gesetzten Formsteinen im Querschnitt und in Auf­sicht;
  • Fig. 8 eine Böschungsmauer mit bündig aneinander ge­setzten Formsteinen im Querschnitt und in Auf­sicht und
  • Fig. 9 eine Böschungsmauer im Grundriss.
It shows:
  • Fig. 1 The movable side surface of a molding box in Cross-section;
  • Figure 2 is a multiple molding box with movable side walls in plan.
  • 3 shows a multiple molding box with stamps in cross section;
  • Figure 4 is a molded block with a structured front for wall construction.
  • 5 shows a wall with shaped stones according to FIG. 4;
  • 6 shows a shaped block with a structured front for creating a slope wall;
  • 7 shows an embankment wall with shaped stones placed at a distance from one another in cross section and in supervision;
  • Fig. 8 is an embankment wall with cross-shaped blocks placed flush against each other and in supervision and
  • Fig. 9 a slope wall in the floor plan.

Die wesentlichen Bestandteile einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des erfindungsgemässen Verfah­rens sind in Figur 1 dargestellt. Auf einem Unterlags­brett 13, welches auf einem sogenannten Bretterwagen auf­liegt und daher durch Hin- und Herfahren des Bretter­wagens horizontal verschiebbar ist, erkennt man hier im Querschnitt eingezeichnet die bewegliche Seitenwand 4 des Formkastens. In der Figur ist diese Seitenwand 4 transla­torisch senkrecht zu ihrer Wandfläche von links nach rechts und umgekehrt verschiebbar. Sie ist mit zwei Bolzen 10 verbunden, die mittels Lagerhülsen 14 in einer Bolzenlagerplatte 6 verschiebbar gelagert und geführt sind. An den Bolzenenden ist je eine Gleitkappe 12 aufge­setzt, welche je an einem Steuerstück 9 anliegt. Die Steuerstücke 9 weisen im Grundriss beidseits eine Form auf, welche für die Bolzen 10 eine Führungskurve bilden. Eine Schiebeplatte 8 verbindet die beiden Steuerstücke 9 und ist senkrecht zur Blattebene verschiebbar gelagert. Zwischen der Bolzenlagerplatte 6 und den Gleitkappen 12 sind Druckfedern 11 über die Bolzen 10 gestülpt. Diese Druckfedern sorgen dafür, dass die Bolzen 10 mit ihren Gleitkappen 12 stets an die Steuerstücke 9 gepresst werden. Wird nun die Schiebeplatte 8 verschoben, so glei­ten die Steuerstücke 9 mit ihren seitlichen Begrenzungs­flächen, welche je eine Führungskurve für die Bolzen 10 bilden, an deren Gleitkappen 12 vorbei. Entsprechend ver­schieben sich die Bolzen 10 in den Lagerhülsen 14 hin und her und bewegen die Seitenwand 4 des Formkastens. An dieser Seitenwand 4 ist auf der der Innenseite des Form­kastens zugewandten Seite eine Strukturplatte 5 lösbar befestigt. Die Struktur 18 dieser Platte ist jener eines beliebig wählbaren Natursteins nachgebildet. Sie ist da­her unregelmässig, wodurch eben möglichst natürlich wir­kende Formsteine aus Beton gefertigt werden können. Diese Strukturplatte 5 kann aus verschiedensten geeigneten Materialien bestehen. Am besten eignet sich zum Beispiel Polyurethan, sogenannter Sphäroguss oder ein gewöhnlicher Aluminium-, Stahl- oder Grauguss. Jedenfalls muss das Material der Strukturplatte 18 beträchtliche Drucke aus­halten, der Füllbeton soll daran nicht haften und die Struktur 18 durch das bei Einbringen des Betons nicht allmählich wegerodiert werden. Links von der Struktur­platte 5 ist der eben gefertigte Formstein 1 schraffiert im Querschnitt eingezeichnet.The essential components of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention are shown in FIG. 1. On an underlay board 13, which rests on a so-called wooden cart and can therefore be moved horizontally by moving the wooden cart back and forth, can be seen here in Cross section drawn the movable side wall 4 of the molding box. In the figure, this side wall 4 can be displaced translationally perpendicular to its wall surface from left to right and vice versa. It is connected to two bolts 10 which are mounted and guided in a bolt bearing plate 6 by means of bearing sleeves 14. A sliding cap 12 is placed on each of the bolt ends, which abuts against a control piece 9. The control pieces 9 have a shape on both sides in the plan, which form a guide curve for the bolts 10. A sliding plate 8 connects the two control pieces 9 and is slidably mounted perpendicular to the sheet plane. Compression springs 11 are placed over the bolts 10 between the bolt bearing plate 6 and the sliding caps 12. These compression springs ensure that the bolts 10 with their sliding caps 12 are always pressed against the control pieces 9. If the sliding plate 8 is now moved, the control pieces 9 slide with their lateral boundary surfaces, which each form a guide curve for the bolts 10, past their sliding caps 12. Accordingly, the bolts 10 move back and forth in the bearing sleeves 14 and move the side wall 4 of the molding box. A structural plate 5 can be detached from this side wall 4 on the side facing the inside of the molding box attached. The structure 18 of this plate is modeled on that of an arbitrary natural stone. It is therefore irregular, which means that concrete blocks that look as natural as possible can be made from concrete. This structure plate 5 can consist of various suitable materials. For example, polyurethane, so-called nodular cast iron or ordinary aluminum, steel or gray cast iron is best suited. In any case, the material of the structure plate 18 has to withstand considerable pressures, the filling concrete should not adhere to it and the structure 18 should not be gradually eroded away when the concrete is introduced. To the left of the structural plate 5, the shaped block 1 that has just been produced is shown hatched in cross section.

Im Inneren des Formkastens ist ein Formkasten-Einsatz 2 vorhanden, welcher eine weitere Negativform für die von oben einsehbaren, inneren Begrenzungsflächen des zu fer­tigenden Formsteins bildet. Dieser Einsatz 2 besteht aus entsprechend geformten Stahlplatten und umfasst auch einen Deckel, welcher verhindern soll, dass beim Einfül­len von Beton dieser ins Innere des Einsatzes 2 gelangen kann. Auch die weiter oben beschriebene Mechanik zur Ver­schiebung der Seitenfläche 4 und der Strukturplatte 5 ist durch eine spezielle Abdeckplatte 7 geschützt, so dass kein Beton in diesen Bereich eindringen kann. Auf den oben freien Bereich des Formkastens wirkt der Stempel 3 ein.In the interior of the molding box, there is a molding box insert 2 which forms a further negative mold for the inner boundary surfaces of the molded block to be produced, which can be seen from above. This insert 2 consists of appropriately shaped steel plates and also comprises a cover which is intended to prevent concrete from entering the insert 2 when it is being poured in. The mechanism described above for displacing the side surface 4 and the structure plate 5 is also protected by a special cover plate 7, so that no concrete can penetrate this area. The stamp 3 acts on the free area of the molding box at the top.

Dieser Stempel 3 wirkt gleichzeitig als Auflast-Vibrator. Von der unteren Seite des Unterlagsbrettes her ist der Hauptvibrator wirksam. Nachfolgend sei nun das erfin­dungsgemässe Verfahren anhand der beschriebenen Vorrich­tung erläutert. Ausgangslage ist das freie Unterlagsbrett 13 ohne all die darauf eingezeichneten Vorrichtungen. Es gehört auf einen sogenannten Bretterwagen, welcher mit Vorteil auf Schienen fahrbar ist. Dieser Bretterwagen wird vorerst so unter die ganze Vorrichtung gefahren, dass sich das Unterlagsbrett 13 auf einen Hauptvibrator schiebt und sich ganz unter dem Formkasten befindet. Nun wird der Formkasten hinunter auf das Unterlagsbrett 13 abgesenkt. Das erfolgt meistens mit Hilfe von hydrau­lischen Zylinder-Kolben-Einheiten oder aber rein mecha­nisch. Mit dem Absenken des Formkastens als erstem Ver­fahrenschritt stellt sich die in Figur 1 gezeigte Situa­tion dar, mit Ausnahme des Formsteins 1 und des Stempels 3, welche man sich beide wegdenken muss. Alle anderen Einrichtungen, der Formkasten-Einsatz 2, die Strukturplatte 5 und die Seitenwand 4 wie auch die Bolzen 10, deren Lagerplatte 6 sowie die Schiebeplatte 8 mit den Steuerstücken 9 ist fest mit dem Formkasten verbunden. In der gezeigten Lage nun, bei welcher die Strukturplatte 5 infolge der Position der Steuerstücke 9 ganz links steht, und die Innenform des Formkastens der Negativform des zu fertigenden Formsteins entspricht, wird mit einem Füll­wagen über den abgesenkten Formkasten gefahren. Der Füll­wagen, bestehend im wesentlichen aus einem offenen Rahmen, fährt über die Abdeckungen des Formkastens wie auch über dessen Oeffnungen. Ueber der Fertigungsstelle ist ein Behälter mit verarbeitungsfertigem Beton angeord­net. Der Behälter weist unten ein bewegliches Segment auf, das eine Schnauze bildet, mittels deren Oeffnung der Beton ausgeschüttet wird. Die Schnauze wird vom Füllwagen beim Unterfahren des Behälters geöffnet. Als zweiter Verfahrensschritt fährt nun also der Füllwagen auf dem Formkasten hin und her und dieser wird dadurch mit Beton gefüllt. Anschliessend fährt der Stempel 3, der bezüglich dem Formkasten vertikal verschiebbar ist, hinunter auf den eingefüllten Beton. In dieser Lage, die nun Figur 1 zeigt, wird er mit beträchtlichem Druck beaufschlagt und gleichzeitig in Vibration versetzt. Von der unteren Seite des Unterlagsbrettes 13 wird der Hauptvibrator wirksam, welcher mit dem als Auflastvibrator wirkenden Stempel 3 zusammenwirkt. So wird der eingefüllte Beton 1 optimal gepresst und einvibriert, wodurch er in alle Ecken und Winkel des Formkasteninneren gelangt und dieses vollstän­dig ausfüllt. Der soweit gefertigte Formstein 1 kann nun entschalt werden. Bisher konnte der Formkasten einfach vertikal gegen oben ausgefahren werden. Infolge der nun strukturierten Seite 18 des Formsteins 1 ist dies jedoch nicht mehr möglich. Zudem ist die strukturierte Seite 18 des Formsteins 1 im Beispiel, das hier in Figur 1 gezeigt ist, gegen oben und aussen überhängend. Deswegen wird nun als weiterer, dritter Schritt die bewegliche Seitenwand 4, welche die Strukturplatte 5 trägt, nach rechts min­destens soweit zurückgefahren, wie auf der Struktur der senkrechte Abstand zwischen der höchsten Erhebung und der tiefsten Absenkung ist. Dieses Zurückfahren erfolgt im gezeigten Beispiel mittels Verschieben der Steuerstücke 9. Dabei gleiten die Gleitkappen 12 der Bolzen 10 den seitlichen Bewegungsflächen dieser Steuerstücke 9 ent­lang, welche Flächen dadurch als Führungskurven wirken. Die Steuerstücke 9 werden über die Schiebeplatte 8 mittels einer hydraulischen Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit bewegt.This stamp 3 also acts as a load vibrator. The main vibrator is effective from the lower side of the base board. The method according to the invention will now be explained below using the described device. The starting position is the free underlay board 13 without all the devices shown on it. It belongs on a so-called board wagon, which can advantageously be moved on rails. This board trolley is initially moved under the entire device in such a way that the underlay board 13 pushes onto a main vibrator and is located completely under the molding box. Now the molding box is lowered onto the support board 13. This is usually done with the help of hydraulic cylinder-piston units or purely mechanically. With the lowering of the molding box as the first process step, the situation shown in FIG. 1 is presented, with the exception of the molding block 1 and the stamp 3, which both have to be imagined away. All other devices, the molding box insert 2, the structure plate 5 and the side wall 4 as well as the bolt 10, the bearing plate 6 and the sliding plate 8 with the Control pieces 9 is firmly connected to the molding box. In the position shown, in which the structure plate 5 is on the far left as a result of the position of the control pieces 9 and the inner shape of the molding box corresponds to the negative shape of the shaped stone to be produced, a filling car is moved over the lowered molding box. The filling car, consisting essentially of an open frame, runs over the covers of the molding box as well as over its openings. A container with ready-to-use concrete is arranged above the production site. The container has a movable segment at the bottom, which forms a snout by means of which the concrete is poured out. The snout is opened by the filling truck when the container is passed under it. As a second process step, the filling truck now moves back and forth on the molding box and this is thereby filled with concrete. The punch 3, which can be moved vertically with respect to the molding box, then moves down onto the filled-in concrete. In this position, which is now shown in FIG. 1, considerable pressure is applied to it and at the same time it is set in vibration. The main vibrator, which acts with the plunger 3 acting as a load vibrator, takes effect from the lower side of the support board 13 cooperates. In this way, the filled-in concrete 1 is optimally pressed and vibrated, as a result of which it reaches all corners and angles of the interior of the molding box and fills it completely. The molded block 1 thus far can now be removed. Previously, the molding box could simply be extended vertically upwards. As a result of the now structured side 18 of the shaped block 1, this is no longer possible. In addition, the structured side 18 of the shaped block 1 in the example shown here in FIG. 1 is overhanging towards the top and outside. Therefore, as a further, third step, the movable side wall 4, which carries the structure plate 5, is moved back to the right at least as far as the vertical distance between the highest elevation and the deepest depression is on the structure. In the example shown, this retraction takes place by moving the control pieces 9. The sliding caps 12 of the bolts 10 slide along the lateral movement surfaces of these control pieces 9, which surfaces thereby act as guide curves. The control pieces 9 are moved over the sliding plate 8 by means of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit.

Die Druckfedern 11 drücken die Bolzen 10, soweit die Gleitlager 12 vorgelassen werden, nach rechts, sodass diese die Seitenwand 4 mit der darauf befestigten Struk­turplatte 5 nach rechts zurückziehen. Der maximale Höhen­unterschied der Führungskurve am Steuerstück 9 muss daher der gewünschten Verschiebedistanz der Strukturplatte 5 entsprechen. Durch die zurückverschobene Strukturplatte 5 wird der frisch gepresste und verdichtete Formstein so weit freigelegt, dass nun als vierter Verfahrensschritt der Formkasten als Ganzes hochgefahren werden kann. Hier­bei ist es wichtig, dass die untersten Kanten des Form­kasten an den untersten Kanten des Stempels 3 vorbei etwas weiter hochgefahren werden, damit an den oberen Kanten des frischen Formsteins 1 eine saubere Abschalung erfolgt. Der schliesslich fünfte Verfahrensschritt ist das Hochfahren des Stempels 3, wodurch der gefertigte Formstein endgültig freigelegt wird. Das nun mit dem Formling beladene Unterlagsbrett 13 wird mittels dem Bretterwagen vom Hauptvibrator weggeschoben und erreicht dabei den Mitnehmer einer Förderstrecke zu einer Hublei­ter, einem Brettersilo, das von einem Spezialfahrzeug geleert wird. Dieses bringt die Formlinge in spezielle Härtekammern, wo sie zum Aushärten gelagert werden. Sobald der Bretterwagen wieder ein neues Unterlagsbrett 13, das es von einem Brettermagazin geholt hat, auf den Hauptvibrator geschoben hat, beginnt das Verfahren von neuem.The compression springs 11 press the bolts 10 as far as the Slide bearings 12 are left to the right, so that they pull the side wall 4 with the structural plate 5 attached to it to the right. The maximum difference in height of the guide curve on the control piece 9 must therefore correspond to the desired displacement distance of the structure plate 5. The freshly pressed and compacted molded block is exposed to such an extent by the pushed back structural plate 5 that the molding box as a whole can now be raised as the fourth process step. It is important here that the lowermost edges of the molding box are raised somewhat further past the lowermost edges of the stamp 3, so that a clean formwork takes place on the upper edges of the fresh molded block 1. Finally, the fifth process step is the raising of the stamp 3, whereby the finished molded block is finally exposed. The underlay board 13 now loaded with the molding is pushed away from the main vibrator by means of the board trolley and thereby reaches the driver of a conveying path to a lifting ladder, a board silo, which is emptied by a special vehicle. This brings the moldings into special hardening chambers, where they are stored for hardening. As soon as the board car again a new underlay board 13, who fetched it from a board magazine and pushed it onto the main vibrator, the process begins again.

In Figur 2 ist eine mit der in Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrich­tung im Prinzip identische Vorrichtung im Grundriss gezeigt. Doch hier handelt es sich um einen Mehrfach-­Formkasten 17, mit welchem in einem Verfahrensdurchgang mehrere Formsteine 1 gleichzeitig gefertigt werden. Es ist bloss ein Ausschnitt dieses Mehrfach-Formkastens gezeigt, nämlich eine seiner vier Ecken. Er kann sich nach links und oben gleichartig wiederholt noch beliebig weit erstrecken. In der linken Hälfte der Figur ist eine zweiseitig wirkende Mechanik zum Verschieben von je zwei einander gegenüberliegenden beweglichen Seitenwänden 4 ersichtlich. Beide Seitenwände 4 tragen wiederum eine Strukturplatte 5. Die Steuerstücke 9 sind symmetrisch längs der Verschiebungsachse angeordnet. Auf der Schiebe­platte 8 sind mehrere solche symmetrische Steuerstücke 9 hintereinander vorhanden, an deren seitlichen Begren­zungsflächen je eine die Gleitkappe 12 eines Bolzens 10 ansteht. Beim Verschieben der Schiebeplatte 8 werden alle links und rechts anstehenden Bolzen genau synchron mit­einander verschoben. Dies ist sehr wichtig, sonst würden sich die beweglichen Seitenwände 4 des Mehrfach-Form­kastens 17 verklemmen. Andererseits bietet diese Mechanik auf denkbar einfachste Weise den Vorteil, dass sie pro­blemlos die Seitenwände 4 mit Druck beaufschlagen kann. Dieser Druck wird beim Einpressen des Betons indirekt auf die Strukturplatten wirkend erzeugt und eben von den Steuerstücken 9 absorbiert, welche die Reaktionskräfte ohne weiteres aufnehmen können, da diese jeweils beid­seitig entgegengesetzt gerichtet auftreten. Auch das Ab­schalen erfolgt problemlos, trotzdem, dass die ganze Mechanik unter dem grossen Pressdruck des Stempels erheb­lich verklemmt wird. Eine hydraulische Zylinder-Kolben-­Einheit vermag dennoch mit Leichtigkeit die Schiebeplatte 8 zu bewegen und die Verklemmung zu lösen. Auf der rech­ten Seite der Figur 2 ist eine einseitig wirkende Mecha­nik dargestellt. Die Druckkräfte werden hier auf die äussere Wand des Mehrfach-Formkastens 17 abgegeben. Um das Verschieben der Schiebeplatte 19 zu erleichtern, sind diese auf speziellen Gleitlagern 16 an der Seitenwand gelagert. Der Mehrfach-Formkasten erlaubt das gleichzei­tige Fertigen von einer Anzahl Formsteinen 1 mit unter­schiedlichen Strukturen, sodass eine natürliche Variation jeder Strukturart erzielt wird. Beim Einbau von mehreren solchen fabrikmässig hergestellten Formsteinen mit va­riierter, jedoch der Art nach gleicher Struktur erweckt beim Betrachten den Eindruck einer natürlichen Unregel­mässigkeit, wodurch die Formsteine kaum mehr als Fabrik­steine erkennbar sind.FIG. 2 shows a device which is in principle identical to the device shown in FIG. 1 in plan view. However, this is a multiple molding box 17, with which several molded blocks 1 are manufactured simultaneously in one process. Only a section of this multiple-shape box is shown, namely one of its four corners. It can extend repeatedly to the left and upwards in the same way as often as desired. In the left half of the figure, a double-acting mechanism for moving two mutually opposite movable side walls 4 can be seen. Both side walls 4 in turn carry a structural plate 5. The control pieces 9 are arranged symmetrically along the displacement axis. On the sliding plate 8 there are several such symmetrical control pieces 9 one behind the other, on the lateral boundary surfaces of which one of the sliding caps 12 of a bolt 10 is present. When moving the sliding plate 8, all the bolts on the left and right are moved exactly in sync with one another. This is very important, otherwise you would the movable side walls 4 of the multiple molding box 17 jam. On the other hand, this mechanism offers the advantage in the simplest possible way that it can easily apply pressure to the side walls 4. This pressure is generated when the concrete is pressed in indirectly acting on the structural plates and is just absorbed by the control pieces 9, which can easily absorb the reaction forces, since these occur in opposite directions on both sides. The formwork is also easy, despite the fact that the entire mechanism is jammed under the large pressure of the punch. A hydraulic cylinder-piston unit is nevertheless able to move the sliding plate 8 with ease and to release the jam. A one-way mechanism is shown on the right-hand side of FIG. The compressive forces are released on the outer wall of the multiple molding box 17. In order to facilitate the displacement of the sliding plate 19, these are mounted on special slide bearings 16 on the side wall. The multiple molding box allows the simultaneous production of a number of shaped blocks 1 with different structures, so that a natural variation of each type of structure is achieved. When installing several such factory-made shaped stones with a varied, but the type of the same structure gives the impression of a natural irregularity when viewed, whereby the shaped stones are hardly recognizable as factory stones.

Die gleiche Vorrichtung wie in Figur 2 eben beschrieben zeigt auch die Figur 3, jedoch hier in einem Querschnitt. Zusätzlich erkennbar sind hier neben den oben bereits beschriebenen Bestandteilen die Stempel 3, das Unterlags­brett 13 sowie die Abdeckplatten 7, welche verhindern, dass beim Füllen des Formkastens mit Beton jener nicht auf die Mechanik geschüttet werden kann.The same device as that just described in FIG. 2 is also shown in FIG. 3, but here in a cross section. In addition to the components already described above, the stamp 3, the underlay board 13 and the cover plates 7, which prevent that when the mold box is filled with concrete, cannot be poured onto the mechanics.

Figur 4 zeigt einen beispielsweisen Formstein zum Erstel­len einer gewöhnlichen Mauer, wie er nach dem erfindungs­gemässen Verfahren erzeugt wird. Dieser Stein weist eine Sichtseite 20 auf, deren Struktur von einem behauenen Naturstein kaum zu unterscheiden ist. Da mit einem Mehr­fach-Formsteinkasten ein ganzes Sortiment von Steinen mit gleichartiger, jedoch variierter Struktur gefertigt wird, wirkt eine mit solchen Steinen erstellte Mauer tatsäch­lich frappierend natürlich. In Figur 5 ist eine Mauer aus solchen Formsteinen gezeigt. Sie besteht aus mehreren Steinen unterschiedlicher Grösse. Die Steine jeder Steingrösse können jedoch absolut identisch sein. Ein solches Sortiment aus verschiedenen Steingrössen kann mit einem Mehrfach-Formkasten in einem Arbeitsgang gefertigt werden. Werden die Steine wie hier gezeigt in unter­schiedlicher Reihenfolge und gar gestürzt oder um 90° ge­dreht eingesetzt, so wird dadurch die von Steingrösse zu Steingrösse ohnehin schon variierte Struktur weiter auf­gelockert. Einer solchen Mauer ist kaum mehr anzusehen, dass sie aus fabrikmässig hergestellten Formsteinen be­steht. Die verwendeten Steine sind jedoch beträchtlich kostengünstiger als etwa behauene Natursteine. Zudem sind die übrigen Seiten der Steine von einer für den Einbau angenehmen Regelmässigkeit.FIG. 4 shows an example of a shaped brick for creating an ordinary wall as it is produced by the method according to the invention. This stone has a visible side 20, the structure of which can hardly be distinguished from a hewn natural stone. Since a whole range of stones with a similar, but varied structure is produced with a multi-stone box, a wall created with such stones actually looks strikingly natural. In Figure 5 a wall made of such shaped stones is shown. It consists of several stones of different sizes. The stones everyone Stone size can, however, be absolutely identical. Such an assortment of different stone sizes can be manufactured in one operation using a multiple molding box. If the stones are used in a different order and even overturned or rotated by 90 ° as shown here, the structure, which already varies from stone size to stone size, is further loosened. Such a wall can hardly be seen that it consists of factory-made shaped stones. However, the stones used are considerably less expensive than rough natural stones. In addition, the remaining sides of the stones are of a regularity that is pleasant for installation.

Der in Figur 6 dargestellte Formstein wird speziell zum Anlegen von Böschungen verwendet. Er ist kastenförmig und weist eine überhängende Frontseite auf, die mit einer Struktur versehen ist. Die Frontseite ist gegenüber den anderen Kastenseiten etwas überhöht, wodurch ein Absatz 21 gebildet wird, welcher beim Stapeln dieses Steintyps als Anschlag für den jeweils daraufliegenden dient. Der Kasten ist unten offen. Mindestens ein Drittel des der Frontseite zugewandten Formsteininneren wird jedoch von einem Bodenstück 22 verschlossen. Der Zweck dieses Boden­ stücks wird anhand der Figur 7 klar.The shaped block shown in Figure 6 is used specifically for creating embankments. It is box-shaped and has an overhanging front, which is provided with a structure. The front side is somewhat raised compared to the other sides of the box, whereby a shoulder 21 is formed which, when this type of stone is stacked, serves as a stop for the one lying thereon. The box is open at the bottom. At least a third of the inside of the molded stone facing the front is closed by a base piece 22. The purpose of this floor is clear from the figure 7.

Die Figur 7 zeigt links einen Stapel von erfindungsgemäs­sen Formsteinen zum Anlegen einer Böschung. Jeder Stein ist dabei mit seiner Frontseite bis zum Anschlag auf dem unteren Stein vorgeschoben. Mit dieser Stapelart erzielt man mit den hier gezeigten Proportionen des Formsteins einen maximalen Böschungswinkel von nahezu 80°. Ins Inne­re der Formsteine, welche ja ähnlich wie Blumenkasten gestaltet sind, füllt man Humus. Unter jenen Steinen, die ein Bodenstück aufweisen, setzt sich das Erdmaterial der­art, dass eine freibleibende Ecke vorne oben im darunter­liegenden Stein übrigbleibt. Dort kann dieser Humus be­pflanzt werden. Das rechte Bild in Figur 7 zeigt die näm­liche Böschung von vorne. Die Steine jeder Reihe sind bezüglich der unteren versetzt. Dadurch entstehen Frei­räume zum Bepflanzen.FIG. 7 shows on the left a stack of shaped stones according to the invention for creating an embankment. Each stone is pushed forward with its front up to the stop on the lower stone. With this type of stack, a maximum slope angle of almost 80 ° is achieved with the proportions of the shaped block shown here. Humus is filled into the inside of the shaped stones, which are designed similar to flower boxes. Under those stones that have a piece of soil, the earth material settles in such a way that a free corner remains in the stone below at the top front. This humus can be planted there. The right image in Figure 7 shows the same slope from the front. The stones in each row are offset from the lower ones. This creates free space for planting.

Figur 8 zeigt eine Böschungsmauer, die mit denselben Formsteinen aufgebaut ist, bei der jedoch die einzelnen Steine geschlossen aneinandergereiht und von Reihe zu Reihe hälftig versetzt sind. Eigentümlich bei dieser Mauer ist die Tatsache, dass keine Horizontalfugen sicht­bar sind. Anstelle von Horizontalfugen entstehen jeweils kleine Absätze, um welche die Mauer von Reihe zu Reihe zurückversetzt wird. Diese Absätze wirken insbesondere beim Anblick von seitlich vorne originell und lockern das ansonsten strenge Schema einer senkrechten Mauer auf.FIG. 8 shows an embankment wall which is built up with the same shaped stones, but in which the individual stones are strung together and offset in half from row to row. What is peculiar about this wall is the fact that no horizontal joints are visible. Instead of horizontal joints there are small shoulders around which the wall goes from row to row is set back. These heels look particularly original when viewed from the front and loosen up the otherwise strict scheme of a vertical wall.

Figur 9 zeigt eine solche Mauer wie in Figur 8 gezeigt von oben gesehen, also im Grundriss. Deutlich erkennbar ist, wie die Steine von Reihe zu Reihe nach hinten versetzt sind und auch seitlich jeweils hälftig versetzt sind. Die Mauer lässt sich auch nach vollendeter Stapelung der Steine noch ohne Probleme mit Erdreich oder Beton auffüllen. In der Praxis jedoch erweist sich eine laufende Einfüllung am vorteilhaftesten.Figure 9 shows such a wall as shown in Figure 8 seen from above, that is in plan. It can be clearly seen how the stones are staggered from row to row and also half-staggered laterally. The wall can still be filled with soil or concrete even after the stones have been stacked. In practice, however, it is most advantageous to fill in continuously.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zur fabrikmässigen Herstellung von Beton-­Formsteinen, bei dem ein oben offener Formkasten mit Beton gefüllt wird, dann ein Stempel von oben den Beton in den Formkasten presst, und bei dem der Be­ton im Formkasten einvibriert wird, wonach der Form­kasten nach oben ausgefahren wird, um den Formstein freizulegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Form­kasten mindestens eine bewegliche, mit Druck beauf­schlagbare Seitenwand (4) hat, mittels welcher in einem ersten Schritt der Formkasten in die Ge­brauchslage gebracht wird, sodass seine Innenform der Negativform des zu fertigenden Formsteines (1) entspricht, dass in einem zweiten Schritt der Beton eingefüllt, mit dem Stempel (3) gepresst und einvi­briert wird, dass in einem dritten Schritt die be­wegliche Seitenwand (4) des Formkastens zurück vom Formstein (1) weggefahren wird, dass in einem vier­ten Schritt der Formkasten hochgefahren wird und schliesslich in einem fünften Schritt durch Hochfah­ren des Stempels (3) der fertige Formstein (1) frei­ gelegt wird.1. A method for the factory production of concrete blocks, in which an open-topped mold box is filled with concrete, then a stamp presses the concrete into the mold box from above, and in which the concrete is vibrated in the mold box, after which the mold box is extended upwards to expose the molded block, characterized in that the molded box has at least one movable side wall (4) which can be pressurized, by means of which the molded box is brought into the position of use in a first step, so that its internal shape matches the negative shape of the molded block to be manufactured ( 1) corresponds to the fact that in a second step the concrete is poured in, pressed with the punch (3) and vibrated, that in a third step the movable side wall (4) of the molding box is moved back away from the molding block (1) and that in a fourth Step the molding box is raised and finally in a fifth step by raising the stamp (3) the finished molding (1) free is placed. 2. Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens nach An­spruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Form­kasten mindestens eine bewegliche, mit Druck beauf­schlagbare Seitenwand (4) hat, dass Mittel (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) vorhanden sind, die es erlauben, die Seitenwand (4) translatorisch senkrecht zu ihrer Wandfläche hin und her zu verschieben und von der dem Formkasten abgewandten Seite her mit Druck zu beaufschlagen.2. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the molding box has at least one movable side wall (4) which can be pressurized, that means (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) are present, which make it possible to translate the side wall (4) back and forth perpendicular to its wall surface and to apply pressure from the side facing away from the molding box. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) zum Ver­schieben und zum Beaufschlagen mit Druck aus minde­stens einem senkrecht auf der dem Formkasten abge­wandten Seite der Seitenwand (4) befestigten Bolzen (10) bestehen, welcher in einer bezüglich des Form­kastens festen Bolzenlagerplatte (6) verschiebbar gelagert ist, dass der Bolzen (10) mittels der Kraft mindestens einer Druckfeder (11) in Richtung vom Formkasten weg verschiebbar ist und dass der Bolzen (10) mit seinem Ende an einem Steuerstück (9) an­liegt, das mit seiner seitlichen Begrenzungsfläche eine Führungskurve bildet und senkrecht zum Bolzen (10) längs einer festen Verschiebungsachse mittels einer Schiebeplatte (8) hin- und herbewegbar ist, wobei der Bolzen (10) mit seinem Ende beim Vorbei­fahren des Steuerstückes (9) an dessen seitlicher Begrenzungsfläche entlanggleitet, wodurch die beweg­liche Seitenwand (4) verschiebbar ist.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the means (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) for moving and for applying pressure from at least one perpendicular to the side of the side wall (4) facing away from the molding box attached bolts (10) which are slidably mounted in a bolt bearing plate (6) which is fixed with respect to the molding box, that the bolt (10) can be displaced in the direction away from the molding box by means of the force of at least one compression spring (11) and that the bolt (10 ) abuts with its end on a control piece (9) with its lateral boundary surface forms a guide curve and can be moved back and forth perpendicular to the bolt (10) along a fixed displacement axis by means of a sliding plate (8), the end of the bolt (10) sliding along its lateral boundary surface as the control piece (9) drives past, thereby causing the movable side wall (4) is displaceable. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die bewegliche Seitenwand (4) auf ihrer dem Inneren des Formkastens zugewandten Seite eine deckungsgleich und formschlüssig darauf lösbar montierte Strukturplatte (5) aufweist, die auf ihrer freien Seite eine Struktur (18) aufweist und im Formkasten gegen oben nach aussen zurückweicht.4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the movable side wall (4) on its side facing the interior of the molding box has a congruent and form-fittingly detachably mounted structural plate (5) which has a structure (18) on its free side has and in the molding box backwards towards the outside. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass mehrere Formkästen (17) mit je einer beweglichen Seitenwand (4) längs hintereinander an­geordnet sind, dass die beweglichen Seitenwände (4) mittels mindestens je zwei Bolzen (10) bewegbar und druckbeaufschlagbar sind, jeder Bolzen (10) an einem eigenen Steuerstück (9) anliegt und dass die Steuer­stücke (9) hintereinander fest mit einer gemeinsamen Schiebeplatte (8) verbunden sind, mittels der sie senkrecht zu den Bolzen (10) verschiebbar sind.5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a plurality of mold boxes (17), each with a movable side wall (4) are arranged longitudinally one behind the other, that the movable side walls (4) by means of at least two bolts (10) are movable and pressurizable , Each bolt (10) rests on its own control piece (9) and that the control pieces (9) one behind the other firmly with a common one Sliding plate (8) are connected, by means of which they can be displaced perpendicular to the bolts (10). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, 4 oder 5, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass die Schiebeplatte (8) mit den Steuerstücken (9) mittels einer hydraulischen Zylin­derkolben-Einheit bewegbar sind.6. The device according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the sliding plate (8) with the control pieces (9) are movable by means of a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strukturplatte (5) aus Polyurethan, Sphäro­guss, Aluminium-, Stahl- oder Grauguss besteht.7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the structural plate (5) consists of polyurethane, spheroidal graphite iron, aluminum, steel or gray cast iron. 8. Formstein, hergestellt nach dem Verfahren nach dem Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Formstein (1) mindestens eine natursteinähnlich strukturierte Sichtseite (20) aufweist.8. molded stone, produced by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the molded stone (1) has at least one natural stone-like structured visible side (20). 9. Formstein nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus vier rechtwinklig zueinander stehenden, einen Freiraum umschliessenden Seitenwänden besteht, dass die als Sichtseite (20) zu wirken bestimmte Seitenwand gegen oben nach aussen überhängend ist und die anderen Seitenwände zur Bildung eines Ab­satzes (21) überragt, und dass der Formstein (1) auf der der Sichtseite zugewandten Seite ein Bodenstück (22) aufweist, das mindestens ein Drittel der Grund­rissfläche des Formsteininneren einnimmt.9. Shaped stone according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists of four side walls which are at right angles to one another and surround a free space, that the side wall which is intended to act as a visible side (20) is overhanging towards the outside and the other side walls form a shoulder ( 21) protrudes, and that the shaped block (1) on the side facing the visible side has a base piece (22) which occupies at least one third of the plan area of the interior of the shaped stone. 10. Verwendung von Formsteinen nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, welche nach dem Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 hergestellt sind, zum Erstellen von Mauern oder Böschungen.10. Use of shaped blocks according to claim 8 or 9, which are produced by the method according to claim 1, for creating walls or embankments.
EP88810328A 1987-06-05 1988-05-24 Apparatus for producing moulded stones Withdrawn EP0294326A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2133/87A CH673428A5 (en) 1987-06-05 1987-06-05
CH2133/87 1987-06-05

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US (1) US4869660A (en)
EP (1) EP0294326A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6453807A (en)
AU (1) AU599803B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1302058C (en)
CH (1) CH673428A5 (en)
IL (1) IL86489A (en)
ZA (1) ZA883903B (en)

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FR2680189A1 (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-02-12 Lambert Yves Modular panel wall
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EP3603912A1 (en) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-05 Christian Prilhofer Formwork element, formwork system and method for producing a component
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Also Published As

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AU599803B2 (en) 1990-07-26
US4869660A (en) 1989-09-26
ZA883903B (en) 1989-03-29
CA1302058C (en) 1992-06-02
JPS6453807A (en) 1989-03-01
IL86489A0 (en) 1988-11-15
CH673428A5 (en) 1990-03-15
IL86489A (en) 1991-06-30
AU1731588A (en) 1988-12-08

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