EP1004717B1 - Hollow building blocks set - Google Patents

Abstract

The set of blocks comprises principal blocks (1) with two longitudinal vertical walls (2) connected by a transverse partition (3) and an open transverse end wall (23). Secondary blocks (4) are able to be engaged by sliding into the principal blocks through their open wall. The secondary blocks have a body (5), the opposite faces of which extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the principal blocks, and a transverse end heel (6). When the secondary blocks are completely engaged in the principal blocks the heel seals the open end wall. When they are only partially engaged the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks extend the longitudinal walls of the principal blocks.

Description

The present invention relates to a set of hollow blocks of construction, intended to be placed on top of one another and to be filled with concrete, to form a building wall.

In terms of the trade, such blocks are usually called "blocks to bancher "and are intended to be positioned on each other with an offset in the longitudinal direction, the latter being of the order of a third to a half-block. They are dry, which means that no cement is allowed between two neighboring blocks to form their joint plans. On the other hand, casting concrete in the hollow spaces of these blocks helps to ensure cohesion and wall resistance.

To compensate for the longitudinal shift between the blocks, in particular at the edge of the wall, so-called "about" blocks are used, which in fact consist of fractions of blocks of standard length.

In practice, these end blocks are generally obtained by splitting whole blocks.

This cut is implemented directly on the site. It's about a tedious operation and implemented empirically. Most of them cases, large fractions of blocks are broken, so not reusable, this which generates significant additional costs.

Document FR-A-38 974 describes elements of standardized construction. Some of these elements have a shape parallelepipedic, with two longitudinal and vertical walls, connected by several transverse partitions. Their opposite ends are open.

These elements can receive "U" blocks able to close one from their ends. For this purpose, they comprise baffles or rabbets complementary to improve the tightness of the assembly thus formed.

Document FR-A-2,535,763 relates to a block system prefabricated "H" shaped, which can be butted to form beds Bunk.

The voids of these blocks receive filling elements in form of "T", made for example of expanded polystyrene.

It is planned solid blocks "Hi" which have forms of nesting females, respectively male. These blocks make it possible to close the end corresponding to an "H" block.

In practice, the closing blocks described in these documents do not solve the problem of longitudinal shift of the blocks, as it has been exposed above.

The present invention aims precisely to provide a solution economic problem.

More precisely, it aims to propose a set of blocks whose length can be adjusted at will, without cutting, to achieve a "set to "whatever the case that appears to the mason.

This is a set of simple structure blocks, which does not the external appearance of the wall thus constructed, nor the operation filling their inner space with concrete.

• des blocs principaux de forme parallélépipèdique comprenant deux parois longitudinales et verticales reliées par au moins une cloison transversale, et dont au moins une paroi d'extrémité transversale est ouverte ;
• des blocs secondaires ou "blocs tiroirs", aptes à être engagés par coulissement dans les blocs principaux par leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte, ces blocs présentant un corps dont les faces opposées s'étendent parallèlement aux parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, et un talon d'extrémité transversal, de sorte que lorsque les blocs secondaires sont complètement engagés dans les blocs principaux, le talon transversal obture leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte, tandis que lorsqu'ils y sont partiellement engagés, les faces opposées des blocs secondaires prolongent les parois longitudinales des blocs principaux sans solution de continuité dans le sens longitudinal,

   les parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, dans la zone d'engagement des blocs secondaires, présentant un écartement mutuel supérieur au reste des blocs, de sorte que lorsque plusieurs blocs principaux sont superposés avec décalage dans le sens longitudinal, les blocs secondaires peuvent prendre appui sur lesdites parois longitudinales des blocs principaux de la paroi sous-jacente, dans leur zone d'écartement mutuel réduit.This set of blocks includes:

• parallelepiped-shaped main blocks comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls connected by at least one transverse partition, and of which at least one transverse end wall is open;
• secondary blocks or "drawer blocks", able to be engaged by sliding in the main blocks by their open end wall, these blocks having a body whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, and a heel transverse end, so that when the secondary blocks are fully engaged in the main blocks, the transverse heel closes their open end wall, while when they are partially engaged, the opposite faces of the secondary blocks extend the walls longitudinal main blocks without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction,

the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in the zone of engagement of the secondary blocks, having a mutual spacing greater than the remainder of the blocks, so that when several main blocks are superimposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks can be supported on said longitudinal walls of the main blocks of the underlying wall, in their reduced mutual spacing zone.

Thus, by sliding at will a drawer block with respect to a main block, we vary the length of the whole. In this way, it is no longer necessary to have recourse to the cutting of whole blocks to carry out side".

The transverse shift that exists between the vertical faces of the body of the drawer block and the vertical longitudinal walls of the main block can be easily filled with cement, so that the external appearance of the wall thus erected is quite similar to that of a wall erected using conventional blocks.

• le talon des blocs secondaires présente des hauteur et largeur identiques à celles des blocs principaux ;
• l'écartement entre les faces opposées du corps des blocs secondaires est égal, au jeu près, à l'écartement entre les faces internes en regard des parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, dans leur zone d'engagement desdits blocs secondaires ;
• le corps desdits blocs secondaires est constitué de deux parois verticales parallèles séparées par une cloison transversale verticale ;
• la longueur L' du talon des blocs secondaires est telle que, additionnée à la largeur l des blocs principaux, elle est égale à un sous-multiple de la longueur L des blocs principaux ;
• la longueur L'est égale à 5 cm, tandis que la largeur l est égale à 15 cm et la longueur L est égale à 40 cm ou 60 cm ;
• l'ensemble comporte des blocs principaux ouverts à leurs deux extrémités opposées ;
• l'ensemble comporte également des blocs principaux ouverts à une seule extrémité ;
• l'ensemble comporte des blocs principaux de longueurs différentes.

Moreover, according to other advantageous but non-limiting characteristics:

• the heel of the secondary blocks has height and width identical to those of the main blocks;
• the spacing between the opposite faces of the body of the secondary blocks is equal, clearance, to the spacing between the inner faces facing the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in their engagement zone of said secondary blocks;
• the body of said secondary blocks consists of two parallel vertical walls separated by a vertical transverse partition;
• the length L ' of the heel of the secondary blocks is such that, added to the width l of the main blocks, it is equal to a sub-multiple of the length L of the main blocks;
• the length L ' is equal to 5 cm, while the width l is equal to 15 cm and the length L is equal to 40 cm or 60 cm;
• the assembly comprises main blocks open at their two opposite ends;
• the assembly also comprises main blocks open at one end only;
• the set comprises main blocks of different lengths.

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc principal et d'un bloc secondaire, partiellement engagés l'un dans l'autre ;
• la figure 2 est une vue de dessus des blocs de la figure 1, le bloc secondaire étant complètement engagé dans le bloc principal ;
• la figure 3 est une vue en bout d'un bloc principal ;
• la figure 4 est une vue de dessus de trois formes de réalisation possibles d'un bloc principal et d'une forme de réalisation d'un bloc secondaire ;
• la figure 5 est une vue de dessus d'un bloc principal recevant, posé sur lui, un bloc secondaire ;
• la figure 6 est une vue schématique visant à montrer, en vue de dessus, la structure de deux rangées de blocs superposés, ces rangées étant représentées l'une à côté de l'autre, pour une meilleure compréhension ;
• la figure 7 est une vue de face de la superposition de blocs de la figure 6 ;
• la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 6, mais correspondant à la construction d'une paroi comportant un angle droit.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows of a preferred embodiment but not limiting. This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a main block and a secondary block, partially engaged one in the other;
• Figure 2 is a top view of the blocks of Figure 1, the secondary block being fully engaged in the main block;
• Figure 3 is an end view of a main block;
• Figure 4 is a top view of three possible embodiments of a main block and an embodiment of a secondary block;
• Figure 5 is a top view of a main block receiving, placed on it, a secondary block;
• Figure 6 is a schematic view to show, in top view, the structure of two rows of superimposed blocks, these rows being shown next to each other for better understanding;
• Figure 7 is a front view of the block superimposition of Figure 6;
• Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 6, but corresponding to the construction of a wall having a right angle.

The hollow building block 1 shown in the accompanying figures and called main block, is a prefabricated concrete element that, like the blocks currents, in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped.

It is composed of two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 whose long sides are arranged horizontally. The external vertical faces of both walls 2 are referenced 20, while the opposite inner faces are referenced 21 and 22. In fact, in the central part of the block, the walls 2 have a thicker important, which corresponds to the area delimited by reference 21. zones 21 to zones 22 by a recess at right angles.

The walls 2 are connected to one another by transverse partitions and vertical 3 which extend at the level of the recesses of zones 21 and 22. There is so in this building block two parallel partitions. They have a role of stiffening spacers and delimit a central opening 10 which opens both up and down.

The partitions 3 are widely indented upwards, which allows a good circulation of the concrete which is brought to be poured in the blocks, and this as well between the partitions and from one block to another.

Transversally, their upper edge has two grooves 30 separated by an appendage 31 of substantially triangular shape, the grooves being intended to receive longitudinally horizontal reinforcing bars.

As shown particularly in Figures 1 and 2, both opposite end walls 23 of the block 1 are open.

One and / or the other of these are intended to receive, sliding, a secondary block or "drawer block".

This block, referenced 4 in the figures, comprises a body 5 and a heel 6. The body 5 extends longitudinally with respect to the block 1 and its opposite faces 7 are intended to engage between the two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 of the block 1. In the case shown here, the faces 7 are materialized by walls vertical and parallel.

These are kept apart by a transverse partition 8 forming a spacer, of the same type as the transverse partitions 3 described above. In a manner similar to the latter, this partition 8 has two grooves 80 separated by a triangular appendage 81.

At one of their ends, the walls of the faces 7 extend by a transverse heel 6 whose height H and the width I are identical to that of a block 1.

Preferably, the spacing d ₃ between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 is equal, with the clearance, to the spacing d ₂ between the facing internal faces 22 of the longitudinal walls block 2 of the main block 1.

Thus, the slide block 4 is slidable relative to the main block 1, between a position where it is fully engaged in block 1 so that its transverse heel 6 bears against the vertical end edges of the block 1 and closes the open wall 23, and intermediate positions, such as that shown in Figure 1, where the drawer block is just partially engaged in the block 1. Thus, the faces 7 extend the longitudinal walls 2 of the block principal, without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction. It means he there is no material discontinuity when moving along the block in the direction of the drawer unit.

In this way, it is possible to adjust, within a certain limit, the total length of building block 1.

Of course, in order to obtain a surface flatness, it will be necessary to fill the hollow C which extends between a vertical end of the block 1, and the heel 6 of the drawer block 4, by a cement thickness.

In Figure 4 are shown three different examples of blocks key.

Block 1 located on the right of the figure is strictly identical to that as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

Block 1A is distinguished only by the fact that only one of its ends is closed by a transverse wall 24, so that it is not suitable for receive a block 4 by its single open end 23.

Blocks 1 and 1A have exactly the same dimensions and have for example a length of 60 cm.

Block 1B has a structure similar to that of block 1A, if only its length is smaller, for example of the order of 40 cm.

Referring now to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the distance d ₁ between the facing faces 21 of the walls 2, in the zone of non-engagement of a block 4, is smaller than the distance d ₃ between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 of the drawer unit.

As already said, when one builds a wall with such building blocks, care is taken to longitudinally offset the blocks of a given row relative to the blocks of the underlying row. As a result, a drawer block 4 which is wholly or partially engaged in a block 1 of a given row is in abutment against the upper edges of the underlying block 1 in its minimum spacing zone d ₁ . Since d ₁ is less than d ₃ , the drawer thus finds a perfectly stable support.

As shown above, Figure 6 illustrates schematic, in plan view, two rows of superimposed blocks constituting a part of wall plan. In this figure, the upper row of blocks constitutes the row bottom of the wall while the lower line is the top row. In parallel, Figure 7 shows front wall element thus formed.

The lower row consists of a juxtaposition of two blocks 1 framed by two blocks at a single opening 1A. It should be noted that the openings of different blocks are arranged opposite each other. Assuming that the length of the blocks 1 and 1A is 60 cm, a row of 2.40 has thus been constituted meters long. This row is built without using a single block drawer 4.

Assuming the shift of the row of blocks must be from one-third to one-half block, we start to set up, for the top row a block 1B 40 cm long, followed by two blocks 1 60 cm long. There remains a length of 80 cm to garnish to complete the length of the Wall. This is achieved, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, by placing a block 1A and by partially engaging a drawer block 4. The latter is slid in such a way that the outer rim of its heel 6 comes straight up against the rim corresponds to the underlying block 1A. It is then sufficient to fill the gaps C which extend between the block 1A and the heel 6 of the drawer block 4 by a small layer of cement. to give a correct surface appearance to the wall.

We have just shown that it is possible without having to cut main blocks, to realize walls of different lengths.

Of course, to ensure the continuity of the wall thus built, it simply pour vertically concrete in the different hollow spaces that presents all the blocks 1, 1A, 1B and 4.

In Figure 8 is shown schematically a wall portion in "L" of which one branch is constituted by a block 1A while the other branch is formed by a block 1 open at both ends, its free end receiving a block 4 whose heel is in abutment against the main block.

Assuming that the width I of the blocks is 15 cm, and always to respect the shift principle of a third to a half block, it is arranged so that the length L ' of the heel 6 of the block 4 is equal to 5 cm. In this way the sum l + L ' (ie 20 cm) is equal to a sub-multiple of the length L (ie 60 cm). The offset of one third can then be respected for the erection of the second row of blocks of the wall.

Traditional deck blocks are typically used when the walls they constitute must be subjected to perpendicular forces. This is especially the case when it comes to a wall on which comes to take support laterally a mass of earth. However, the blocks according to the invention, which can be boulders, when made in a width of 15 cm, are suitable for use in the manner of traditional blocks with a width of 20 cm.

Claims (9)

1. A set of hollow building blocks for placing dry one on another and for filling with concrete in order to constitute a building wall, the set being characterized by the fact that it comprises:

   · main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of rectangular parallelepiped shape comprising two vertical longitudinal walls (2) interconnected by at least one transverse partition (3), and in which at least one transverse end wall (23) is open;

   · secondary blocks or "slider" blocks (4) suitable for being engaged in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) by being slid into their open end walls (23), each of said blocks presenting a body (5) having opposite faces extending parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), and a transverse end heel (6) so that when the secondary blocks (4) are fully engaged in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), the transverse heel (6) closes the open end walls (23) thereof, whereas when they are partially engaged, the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) extend the longitudinal walls of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) without any gap in the longitudinal direction;

      and in that the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1 A, 1B) in the zone for engaging the secondary blocks (4) present mutual spacing (d₂) greater than that in the remainder of the blocks, such that when a plurality of main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) are superposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks (4) can be supported by said longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of the underlying wall, where said longitudinal walls are at closer mutual spacing (d₁).
2. A set according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the heels (6) of the secondary blocks (4) are of height (H) and width (ℓ) identical to those of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) in the zone in which said secondary blocks are engaged.
3. A set according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by the fact that the spacing between the opposite faces (7) of the bodies (5) of the secondary blocks (4) is equal, ignoring clearance, to the spacing between the facing inside faces (22) of the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B).
4. A set according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the body (5) of each of said secondary blocks (4) is constituted by two parallel vertical walls (7) spaced apart by a vertical transverse partition (8).
5. A set according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the length (L') of the heel (6) of each secondary block (4) is such that when added to the width (ℓ) of the main block (1, 1A, 1B), it is equal to a submultiple of the length (L) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B).
6. A set according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the length (L') is equal to 5 cm, while the width (ℓ) is equal to 15 cm, and the length (L) is equal to 40 cm or 60 cm.
7. A set according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact it includes main blocks (1) open at both opposite ends (23).
8. A set according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that it also includes main blocks (1A, 1B) that are open at one end only.
9. A set according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that it includes main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of different lengths.

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