FR2695152A1 - Assembly of construction elements - comprises blocks and junction posts having male/female coupling parts with concrete blocks being placed side by side or superposed to form construction walls and facades with openings - Google Patents

Abstract

A set of concrete blocks (1,2,3,4) are placed side by side or superposed to form construction walls and facades with openings (10,11). Certain lateral faces of the blocks are provided all along their top with a coupling part consisting of a groove. A set of junction posts (5,6) for the blocks have certain lateral and/or rear faces containing a second male coupling part which fits the blocks' coupling parts. The faces of the posts which are to be left visible are sculpted or moulded. A concrete base (22) is formed and the posts anchored in it. The blocks (1b) are moved horizontally so as to fit post coupling parts. USE - Construction of buildings from prefabricated concrete which will absorb thermal expansions and contractions without formation of fissures.

Description

 Set of building elements and construction method.

 The invention relates to the field of building construction and more specifically that of the construction of prefabricated buildings.

 Classic prefabricated constructions are carried out using concrete panels intended to constitute the walls and facades thereof. During their manufacture, these panels are pre-molded so as to present openings intended to receive door and window frames. Such panels therefore generally have a very large dimension which frequently allows them to be used to constitute an entire facade of a building or, at the very least, a large part thereof.

 When making prefabricated buildings using such panels, these must be secured on each of their sides to the construction frame, using cement.

 Although allowing various types of construction to be carried out quickly, conventional prefabricated panels have a certain number of drawbacks.

 First, their large dimensions make them difficult to transport and transport to construction sites. To do this, it is sometimes even necessary to use special transport vehicles moving on the roads in the form of exceptional convoys. As a corollary to this drawback, the weight of these panels constitutes an obstacle to their ease of implementation. During construction, large cranes for moving and lifting them should therefore be used. The conventional methods of construction of prefabricated buildings also make the use of such large cranes mandatory since they include stages during which the panels are lifted and brought in a vertical translation between the posts of the frame of the buildings.

 Furthermore, the constructions produced from such large panels have a very high rigidity due to the fact that they consist only of a relatively small number of elements. This rigidity has the disadvantage of not allowing absorption of the variations in volume of thermal origin undergone by the concrete, which contributes to the frequent appearance of cracks.

 The object of the present invention is to provide a set of construction elements allowing the production of prefabricated buildings of concrete, or any other similar material having a resistance similar to that of concrete, not having the disadvantages of the state. of technique.

 In particular, one of the objectives of the invention is to present such a set of small building elements which can be easily transported and easily handled for the modular production of prefabricated buildings.

 Another objective of the invention is to provide such a construction assembly making it possible to produce buildings capable of absorbing variations of thermal origin occurring both in the form of retractions and of expansions, without allowing the formation of cracks.

 Yet another objective of the invention is to propose such a set of construction elements allowing the production of buildings capable of absorbing, at least in part, the movements of the ground.

 Finally, another objective of the invention is to provide a new construction method implementing such a set of construction elements and allowing the rapid and simple production of prefabricated buildings not requiring the use of large cranes.

 The invention relates to a set of prefabricated building construction elements characterized in that it comprises: - a set of blocks of concrete or any other similar building material, said blocks being intended to be juxtaposed or superimposed to form construction walls and in particular the facades and openings of such facades, at least some of the lateral faces of said blocks being provided with at least one first coupling member, - a set of junction posts of said blocks, at least some of the faces lateral and / or rear have at least a second coupling member capable of cooperating with said first coupling member of said blocks in a male-female connection, so as to connect these blocks together.

 In the field of conventional construction, unitary building blocks are already known, the vertical end faces of which are provided with interlocking means projecting and recessed.

 Thus, French patent FR 0 190 076 describes a concrete block, each side face of which is provided with a projecting part and a hollow part intended to cooperate respectively with the hollow part and the projecting part of another concrete block. . These breeze blocks also have an upper face hollowed out with a groove and a lower face provided with a longitudinal embossing allowing the stacking of breeze blocks one above the other. The recesses and the embossments with which the upper and lower faces of such concrete blocks are provided are intended to absorb the lateral forces exerted on the walls constructed with such elements.

 However, it could not be envisaged to use such a technique for building elements other than blocks of small dimensions, such as concrete blocks. Indeed, in the case of large blocks, the various means described for cooperation of the blocks with one another could not claim to maintain alone such large blocks integral with one another.

 Thus, the junction posts used to connect the construction elements to one another, according to the invention, make it possible to give the constructed buildings a solidity resulting from the interlocking of the blocks in these posts, only the latter being anchored in the welcoming ground. said construction. The cooperation between the coupling members of the blocks and the coupling members of the posts secures the positioning of these elements with respect to each other.

 Preferably, said blocks have over the entire height of their lateral faces a groove constituting said first coupling member and said junction posts have on at least one of their lateral faces an embossing, constituting said second coupling member , able to cooperate with said grooves of said blocks, according to a male-female connection.

 The grooving of the lateral faces of the blocks is very easily possible during the casting of these. Furthermore, the presence of at least one embossing on the junction posts makes it possible to increase their resistance.

 According to one aspect of the invention, some of said junction posts of said blocks have two lateral faces provided with embossments capable of cooperating with the grooves of at least two of said blocks so as to allow the male-female connection of these two blocks in a unique plan.

 According to another aspect of the invention, some of said junction posts of said blocks have at least one lateral face and at least one rear face provided with a cross section making them able to cooperate with the grooves of at least two of said blocks of so as to allow the connection of these two blocks according to two distinct planes in order to form an angle of said construction.

 Advantageously, said set of blocks consists of at least some of the following elements: panels in the form of parallelepipedic or essentially parallelepipedal blocks intended to form the walls of said facades, the front and rear front faces of these panels being full; - window or door fittings having a lateral face provided with a coupling member so as to cooperate with at least one of said junction posts, - lintels whose lower face is intended to come into abutment with the upper faces at least two of said fittings and whose coupling members of the lateral faces are intended to cooperate with two of said junction posts.

 Such a construction assembly allows the realization of building facades comprising any number of openings which can in particular be in the form of windows, French windows or doors. The panels, trim and lintels are all modular elements of small size contributing to the easy realization of such facades.

 In order to be able to accommodate opening supports and in particular window sills, some of the window or door fittings may be provided with a rebate extending over all or part of the height thereof.

 According to a particularly advantageous variant of the invention, at least some of said elements have a hollow interior so as to reduce their weight and to favor the insulation of said construction.

 Advantageously, the face or faces of said junction posts intended to be left visible in said construction are sculpted or molded. It is thus possible to give these apparent faces different decorations such as, for example, a "brick" decor or to provide them with decorative moldings.

 The invention also relates to a method of making a construction using such a set of construction elements, characterized in that it comprises the following steps a) forming a concrete footing constituting the base of the construction making it possible to receiving said junction posts; b) anchoring a junction post in said sole; c) bringing in substantially horizontal translation one of said blocks so that one of its coupling members cooperates with one of the coupling members of said junction post and securing said block to said post; d) anchoring by vertical translation another junction post in said sole so that one of its coupling members cooperates with the coupling member which remains free from said block and securing this other junction post to said block; e) repeating steps b) to d) with other blocks and other posts, up to the last block of said construction which is positioned by vertical translation between the first post anchored in said sole and the last post anchored in said sole.

 Such a construction method makes it possible to have to anchor only some of the elements, namely the junction posts of the blocks, in the ground, which constitutes a considerable advantage compared to conventional methods of construction of prefabricated buildings which require joining together. of all the blocks in the sole.

 Furthermore, such a construction method makes it possible to produce a building by laying the blocks and posts one after the other without having to insert the blocks vertically between the posts but by offering the possibility of inserting them laterally, according to a essentially horizontal translation, so that the coupling members with which they are provided can cooperate with the coupling members of the junction posts. Only the last block must be inserted between the posts by vertical translation, so as to close the construction carried out. For this purpose, one can choose to insert lastly a small block such as a door or window lintel.

 According to a particularly interesting aspect of the method according to the invention, said posts and said blocks are joined together with a putty.

 While the conventional methods of construction of prefabricated buildings necessarily require the use of cement to ensure the cohesion of all the panels together, the original design of the construction elements according to the invention allows the use of a material such than putty.

The use of such a material also provides the advantage of absorbing variations in volume or the relative movements of the blocks with respect to each other. Such an absorption power significantly reduces the appearance of cracks in building blocks.

The invention as well as the numerous advantages which it presents will be more easily understood thanks to the nonlimiting example of embodiment thereof which will follow with reference to the drawings in which
- Figure 1 shows a front view of a modular panel in
concrete according to the invention intended to constitute part of the facade
of a construction;
- Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the panel
according to Figure 1;
- Figure 3 shows a front view of a junction post
to provide the link in a single plane of two
panels of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2;
- Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the post
junction according to Figure 3 ;;
- Figure 5 shows a front view of a junction post
allowing the connection at right angles of two panels of the type of
that shown in Figures i and 2;
- Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the post
angle shown in Figure 5;
- Figure 7 shows a front view of a door or window lintel
- Figure 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the lintel
shown in Figure 7;
- Figure 9 shows a front view of a door trim or
window;
- Figure 10 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the
packing shown in Figure 9;
- the figure it represents a front view of a window sill
able to cooperate with the lining shown in Figures 9 and 10 ;;
- Figure 12 shows a cross section of the window sill
shown in Figure i1 and;
- Figure 13 shows an exploded perspective view of a
construction carried out with the construction elements shown
in Figures 1 to 12.

 According to FIG. 1, a parallelepipedic panel 1 has solid front 24 and rear 25 front faces, that is to say having no pre-molded opening. This panel is intended to constitute part of the facade of a construction.

 In order to be easily transported and handled during construction operations, this panel 1 has small dimensions compared to the dimensions of conventional pre-molded panels with opening (s) of the prior art. According to the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, several panels of the type of panel 1 are used to make a prefabricated building.

These panels have a height varying from 70 cm to 3 m and a width varying from 40 cm to 1.60 m. Their thickness is 20 cm. Of course, we can use panels with other dimensions depending on the nature of the building that we want to build. In any event, these dimensions will be chosen so as to facilitate their transport and handling.

 According to FIG. 2, the lateral faces 12 of the construction panel 1 shown in FIG. I have grooves 8 extending over the entire height of the panel 1.

 Furthermore, in order to lighten the panel 1, it is designed with internal cavities 26 separating the front 24 and rear 25 front faces and delimited by transverse partitions 27 making it possible to reinforce it.

 Figures 3 to 6 show different views of two types of junction posts that can be used to link the different building blocks of the set of building elements according to the invention.

 It will be noted that the posts of FIGS. 3 to 6 are represented on a scale different from that used to represent the panels i in FIGS. 1 and 2.

 According to Figure 3, a pole for the connection between two building blocks according to the invention in the same plane is shown in front view. This post 5 has two lateral faces 13 provided with coupling members capable of cooperating with the grooves 8 of the building blocks.

 Referring to Figure 3, showing a cross section of the post 5, the side faces 13 of this post are formed by two embossments 7 whose profile allows them to match the shape of the grooves 8. These posts 5 are also reinforced by a metal frame. This type of post makes it possible to link at least two building blocks which can be of different shapes (panel, trim, lintel) in a single plane.

 According to Figure 5, another type of junction post allowing the connection at right angles to two building blocks which may be of different shapes (panel, lintel, trim) is shown in front view. With reference to FIG. 6, which shows this same junction post in cross section, one of the lateral faces 13 of the post and the rear face 14 of the latter are provided with an embossment 7. The profile of these embossments 7 is designed so as to be able to match the groove 8 which are provided on the lateral faces of the various building blocks.

 The faces 20 of this junction post intended to be left visible during construction can be molded or sculpted for aesthetic purposes.

 According to Figure 7, another type of building block consisting of a lintel 2, which can be used either for a door or for a window, is shown in front view. The underside of this lintel is intended to rest on door or window fittings. Such fittings will be described below with reference to Figures 9 and 10.

 Referring to Figure 8 showing a cross section of the lintel shown in Figure 7, the side faces thereof are provided with grooves 8 extending over their entire height.

 Unlike the panels intended to constitute parts of facades, of the type shown in FIG. 1, the lintels are not hollow inside, so as to have properties of sufficient mechanical resistance to fulfill their function.

 Referring to Figure 9, a window trim 3 is shown in front view. The upper face 16 of this lining is intended to receive the lower face of the lintel 2 while the lower face 17 of this lining is intended to rest on the floor of the construction.

 This trim 3 is provided with a rebate 18 capable of accommodating a window sill.

 Trim of the same type without rebate but of a greater height may be used to form the side walls of the openings intended to accommodate doors or French windows.

 According to FIG. 10, representing a cross section of the lining shown in FIG. 9, this has a lateral face 12 provided over its entire height with a groove 8.

 FIG. 11 represents a front view of a window sill which can be arranged between two window fittings of the type shown in FIG. 3.

This window sill 19 has a slightly inclined upper surface 28 shown in gray.

 According to FIG. 12, this window sill 19 is provided with a notch 29 allowing it to cooperate with the rebate 18 provided on the linings 3.

 With reference to FIG. 13, an example of implementation of the construction method according to the invention is described below. For the sake of clarity of this description, the reference numbers of the various construction elements are indicated by an alphabetical letter reflecting the order in which they are installed.

 The construction 21 of square shape has a single level and four facades 30, 31, 32, 33 including one provided with an opening i1 intended to receive a window and another provided with an opening 10 intended to receive a door.

 This construction 21, which is very simple for the purposes of clarity of description, can be very easily produced from the various construction elements according to the invention of the type of those shown in FIGS. 1 to 12.

 According to the construction method of the invention, a concrete footing 22 is produced and provided with anchoring means 23 intended to receive the posts for joining the blocks together.

 The construction operation begins with the anchoring of a post in one of the anchoring means 23 provided for this purpose in the sole 22.

 A first corner post 6a is introduced into an anchoring means 23 of the sole 22. A panel 1b intended to constitute a part of the facade situated under a window it is secured to the corner post 6a by making one of its lateral grooves 8 with one of the embossments 7 of the corner post 6a. A window covering 3c is then installed on this same embossment 7 so that its lower face rests on the panel 1b.

 A second junction post 5d is then introduced into another anchoring means 23 of the sole 22 so that one of its lateral embossments 7 cooperates with the free groove 8 of the panel lb. Once this junction post 5d is installed, a second window covering 3e is placed on the upper face of the panel 1b so that its lateral groove 8 cooperates with the embossing 7 of the junction post 5d. In order to complete the formation in the facade 30 of the opening 11 intended to receive a window, a lintel 2f is placed on the two linings 3e, 3c. It will be noted that, the height of the panel 1b cumulated with that of a trim 3, 3c and that of the lintel 2f will be substantially equal to that of the junction posts of the construction.

 Construction is continued by attaching a panel ig to the connecting post 5d. The positioning of the panel ig can be carried out by simple lateral displacement.

 A third post 6h is then fixed in an anchoring means 23 of the sole 22 so as to constitute an angle of the construction. A third panel li is then secured to the corner post 6h so as to form part of another facade 33 of the construction. Such a facade 33 may be formed by several panels connected together by connecting posts 5d.

 At the end of this facade, a corner post 6j makes it possible to connect the second facade 33 of the construction 21 to a third facade 32 thereof.

This third facade is made up of two ik, lm panels linked together by a junction post 51.

 The construction 21 has a fourth facade 31 connected to the third facade by a corner post 6n and having an opening 10 intended to accommodate a door.

 It will be noted that for the purposes of the description the width of the fourth facade of the construction 21 has been reduced and that, of course, panels 1 may be arranged between the corner post 6n and the construction elements constituting the opening 10.

 This opening 10 is made in the last facade of the construction 21 by securing a lining 4b having no rebate with the connecting post 6a so that its longitudinal groove 8 can cooperate with the embossing 7 located on the rear face of this first post fixed 6a. A second frame 4q without rebate is positioned so as to come to cooperate with the neighboring building element.

 Construction is completed by positioning the lintel 2r on the linings 4p, 4q.

 The blocks of the set of construction elements according to the invention can be provided, in their upper part, with a longitudinal groove for accommodating a beam. Such a groove is shown in dotted lines on the panel ig. For the clarity of Figure 13, only this panel has been shown with a groove. In the case where the blocks are thus provided with a longitudinal groove, the junction posts have a lower height (as shown for example on the post 5d), so as to allow the positioning of a beam between the panels. Such beams can be used for the realization of a frame or a floor. It is indeed possible to produce two-story constructions thanks to the invention. In this case, provision may be made for the junction posts to be arranged between two floors. We will then use, for a two-story construction, elements for joining the panels consisting of a lower half-post, then an intermediate post straddling the two floors, and finally a second upper half-post. Such an arrangement will strengthen the construction.

 The construction method according to the invention thus makes it possible to produce a building in a very simple and inexpensive manner while avoiding having to transport large prefabricated and pre-molded construction elements having openings, but on the contrary by making these openings using modules. small dimensions.

 The modular realization of the building constructed according to the method of the invention is facilitated by the fact that all the elements can be connected to each other by means of a putty and not by means of cement. In addition, the connecting posts 5 and the corner posts 6 ensuring the cohesion of the various building blocks between them, it is not useful to anchor these blocks in the ground. This saves a great deal of time.

 The exemplary embodiment of the invention described here is not intended to limit the scope thereof. In particular, it could be envisaged to provide the lateral faces of the building blocks and the junction posts of coupling members of shapes different from those described. It could also be envisaged to use building blocks having a shape different from that described and which could constitute other structural building elements than panels, lintels or fittings.

Claims (10)

 1. Set of prefabricated building construction elements, characterized in that it comprises: - a set of blocks (1,2,3,4) made of concrete or any other similar building material, said blocks being intended for be juxtaposed or superimposed to form building walls and in particular facades (9) and openings (10,11) of such facades, at least some of the lateral faces (12) of said blocks being provided with at least one first member d coupling, - a set of junction posts (5,6) of said blocks of which at least some of the lateral faces (13) and or rear (14) have at least a second coupling member capable of cooperating with said first member 'coupling of said blocks (1,2,3,4) in a male-female connection, so as to connect these blocks together.  2. Set of building elements according to claim 1 characterized in that said blocks (1,2,3,4) have over the entire height of their lateral faces (12) a groove (8) constituting said first member coupling and in that said junction posts (5,6) have on at least one of their lateral faces an embossment (7) constituting said second coupling member capable of cooperating with said grooves (8) of said blocks (1,2, 3,4) according to a male-female connection.  3. Set of building elements according to claim 2 characterized in that some of said posts (5) for joining said blocks (1,2,3,4) have two lateral faces (13) provided with an embossing (8) making them able to cooperate with the grooves (8) of at least two of said blocks (1,2,3,4) so as to allow the male-female connection of these two blocks in a single plane.  4. Set of construction elements according to one of claims 2 or 3 characterized in that some of said posts (6) for joining said blocks (1,2,3,4) have at least one side face (13) and at least one rear face (14) provided with a cross section making them able to cooperate with the grooves (8) of at least two of said blocks (1,2,3,4) so as to allow the connection of these two blocks according to two distinct planes in order to form an angle of said construction.  5. Set of building elements according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that said set of blocks consists of at least some of the following elements - panels (1) in the form of rectangular blocks or essentially rectangular blocks intended to form the walls of said facades, the front and rear front faces of these panels being full - window or door fittings (3,4) having a lateral face (12) provided with a coupling member (7 ) so as to cooperate with at least one of said junction posts (5,6), - lintels (2) whose lower face (15) is intended to come into abutment with the upper faces (16) of at least two said linings (3,4) and whose coupling members (7) of the side faces (17) are intended to cooperate with two of said junction posts (5,6).  6. Set of construction elements according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that at least some of said linings (3) have a rebate (18) for accommodating an opening support (19).  7. Set of building elements according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that at least some of said elements have a hollow interior so as to reduce their weight and promote the insulation of said construction.  8. Set of construction elements according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the faces (20) of said junction posts (5,6) intended to be left visible in said construction (21) are sculpted or molded .  9. A method of producing a construction (21) using the construction assembly according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it comprises the following steps a) forming a concrete base (22) allowing d 'receiving said junction posts (5,6); b) anchoring a junction post (6a) in said sole (22); c) bringing in essentially horizontal translation one of said blocks (lb) so that one of its coupling members (8) cooperates with one of the coupling members (7) of said junction post (6a) and securing said block (lb) to said post (6a); d) anchoring by vertical translation another junction post (Sd) in the sole (22) so that one of its coupling members (7) cooperates with the coupling member (8) which remains free of said block (lb) and securing this other junction post (5d) to said block (lb); e) repeat steps b) to d) with the other blocks and the other posts, up to the last block (2r) of said construction which is positioned by vertical translation between the first fixed post (6a) and the last fixed post.  10. Construction method according to claim 9 characterized in that said posts (5,6) and said blocks (1,2,3,4) are joined together by a sealant.