EP3205788A1 - Insulated building block with insulation material between two outer blocks and structure for holding the outer blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

Block (1) for the wall construction (2) having external dimensions such that it can extend completely within a volume volume (V) of parallelepiped length (Lv) 600 mm, of height (Hv) 350 mm and thickness (Ev) 350 mm, the block (1) comprising at least first and second outer walls (3, 4) having respective thermal conductivities (»1, 2) greater than or equal to at 0.12 W * m -1 * K -1 and at least one layer of thermally insulating material (5) placed between these first and second walls (3, 4), this insulating material having a thermal conductivity less than 0.04 W * m - 1 * K -1. The block (1) comprises at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) interconnecting the first and second walls (3, 4) to secure them together, this at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) being distinct from the layer of insulating material (5) and having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.3 W * m -1 * K -1.

Description

The invention relates to the general field of blocks for wall construction and method of manufacturing such a block.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known to make blocks for wall construction. These blocks must have dimensions allowing easy handling on the construction site. For this purpose, the block must be able to extend completely inside a volume of maximum parallelepipedal dimensions of length 600 mm, height 350 mm and thickness 350 mm.

Such a block for the wall construction comprises at least first and second outer walls which have respective thermal conductivities λ1 , λ2 greater than or equal to 0.12 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1

This particular thermal conductivity is generally obtained because the block is made of concrete or terracotta, solid wood, chipboard.

This block has internal partitions which connect the first and second walls and inner hollow areas formed between these internal partitions and between the first and second walls.

The patent document GB1524530 , illustrates a block insulated by pieces of thermal insulation slipped into the internal hollow areas. In general, it is desirable to increase the level of thermal insulation between the first and second walls.

The document EP2728082 presents building blocks whose walls are interconnected by flexible tie rods or by resilient strips bonded to the periphery of these walls so as to maintain a spacing between the walls. This decoupling between the walls via elastic means allows for sound insulation.

This document EP2728082 also proposes to insert a layer of insulation previously solidified or agglomerated between the walls. Then, stick this layer against one of these walls. This layer remains uncoupled from at least one of the walls to prevent sound coupling between the walls via the insulating layer.

These blocks mainly respond to a need for acoustic decoupling between the walls which is solved by using elastic and deformable connections between the walls. These blocks lack of rigidity and mechanical strength to be used in construction of a structural wall carrier.

It is also proposed, for example by the document US5983585 , to achieve a building block having walls interconnected by connecting pieces which allow to reserve a gap between these walls. These blocks are mounted on each other to form a block wall and an insulator is inserted into the empty space of the wall thus formed.

These blocks are deformable as long as they have not been joined to the site to generate the wall. It has been found that the wall thus formed may have areas not filled with insulation and therefore have unpredictable thermal bridges.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a block for building a wall, having improved conduction thermal resistance characteristics between the first and second walls of the block.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To this end, it is proposed according to the invention, a block for the wall construction having external dimensions such that this block can extend completely inside a volume of maximum parallelepipedal size of length 600 mm, of height 350 mm and thickness 350 mm, the block comprising at least first and second outer walls having respective thermal conductivities (λ1 , λ2) greater than or equal to 0.12 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 and at least one layer of thermally insulating material placed between these first and second walls, this insulating material having a thermal conductivity less than 0.04 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 .

The block according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it further comprises at least one mechanical connecting part interconnecting the first and second walls to secure them to each other, this at least one mechanical connecting piece being distinct from the layer of insulating material and having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.3 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 .

The block according to the invention is also essentially characterized in that the insulating material forming the layer of insulating material is a material molded against the first and second walls, the layer of insulating material being in one piece and extending over an entire first face of the first wall and an entire first face of the second wall which is opposite said first face of the first wall, so as to be mechanically engaged against each of these first and second walls via their respective first faces; the layer of insulating material having peripheral faces between which this layer of insulating material extends.

The volume of maximum parallelepipedal size defines the maximum dimensional limits that can have the block according to the invention. This volume of space is adapted so that the block can be moved manually without the need for a tool or hoist. This aspect is particularly important in the construction of block walls since the blocks are mounted manually, one by one, rank by row, which involves a lot of manipulation.

With said at least one mechanical connecting piece which has a thermal conductivity lower than 0.3 W * m ^- 1 * K ^-1 , conductive heat transfer via this connecting piece and between the first and second walls is particularly limited.

• des caractéristiques d'isolation thermique améliorées ; associées à
• des caractéristiques mécaniques améliorées, une meilleure stabilité géométrique du bloc lorsqu'il est mis en charge.

Thus, because of the presence of a molded layer against and between the walls and in mechanical engagement against the first faces (the first faces of the walls are hereinafter also referred to as the internal faces of the walls), the block according to the invention possesses :

• improved thermal insulation characteristics; associated with
• improved mechanical characteristics, better geometrical stability of the block when it is loaded.

On the one hand, said at least one connecting piece opposes the separation of the first and second walls from each other and, on the other hand, the layer of thermally insulating material placed between these first and second walls. opposes the approach of these walls to one another.

Thus, in response to a shear force parallel to the walls of the block, the first wall tends to move relative to the second wall while remaining parallel thereto. Said at least one connecting piece is then subjected to a bending force which tends to bring the first and second walls closer to one another. As the layer of molded insulation is between these first and second walls while being integral with each of these walls, it is then compressed and sheared between these walls and opposes their approximation / relative displacement.

Thus, when the block according to the invention is subjected to an asymmetrical load generating a shearing force parallel to the walls (such an effort may result from an asymmetrical loading of the wall), it retains, at least up to a certain level. load, its geometric shape. The walls of the block here constitute planelles and the block is said to be isolated between planelles.
According to a preferred embodiment, this block is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the said peripheral faces of the layer of insulating material being four in number;
the first of these peripheral faces extending between a first angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a first angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it is also flush;
the second of these peripheral faces extending between a second angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a second angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it is also flush;
the third of these peripheral faces extending between a third angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a third angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it is also flush;
the fourth of these peripheral faces extending between a fourth angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a fourth angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it also outcrops, the first, second, third and fourth edges angular of the first wall forming a rectangle and the first, second, third and fourth angular edges of the second wall forming a rectangle.

The angular edges of the first wall extend in a rectangle and thus delimit the location intended to receive the peripheral seal of the block at the level of the first wall (by seal means the adhesive used to join adjacent blocks of the wall).

Similarly, the angular edges of the second wall extend in a rectangle and define the location of the peripheral seal of the block at the second wall.

The fact that the insulating layer extends up flush against the angular edges of the first wall and against the angular edges of the second wall implies that the insulating layer extends to come out flush against the outer limit of the first faces of the walls. This prevents the penetration of adhesive / grouting mortar in the space between the first sides of the walls and improves the quality of thermal insulation and the consumption of glue / mortar. According to a preferred embodiment, said at least one mechanical connecting piece passes through the layer of insulating material in which it mechanically takes.

• d'une part les première et seconde parois sont liées entre elles via ladite au moins une pièce de liaison ; et
• d'autre part la couche d'isolant est en prise avec cette même au moins une pièce de liaison ce qui améliore la résistance au cisaillement du bloc suivant un plan de cisaillement parallèle aux première et seconde parois.

This makes it possible to improve the strength of the block since:

• firstly and second walls are interconnected via said at least one connecting piece; and
• on the other hand the insulating layer is engaged with this same at least one connecting piece which improves the shear strength of the block along a shear plane parallel to the first and second walls.

By molding the insulating layer against these walls and between these walls, the insulating filling is improved between the walls, the insulating layer is thus all the more resistant against the compressive forces of these walls. one to the other. Moreover, as indicated above, the fact that the layer of insulating material is in engagement with the two walls gives it a function of securing the walls, the layer of insulation opposing any relative displacement between the first and second walls. The block is all the more resistant to deformation.

Ideally, the molded material constituting the insulation layer is an expansive foam poured between the walls for better attachment.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a block for the wall construction according to any one of the embodiments of the block according to the invention presented.

• à l'aide d'au moins un moule femelle, on forme par moulage lesdites première et seconde parois ; et
• on positionne ladite au moins une pièce de liaison mécanique pour qu'elle soit d'une part assemblée avec la première paroi et d'autre part assemblée avec la seconde paroi, de manière à les maintenir dans une position où ces parois sont écartées l'une de l'autre et parallèles entre elles ; puis
• on insère ledit matériau isolant thermiquement entre ces première et seconde parois reliées entre elles via ladite au moins une pièce de liaison mécanique.

This process is essentially characterized in that:

• using at least one female mold, molding said first and second walls; and
• said at least one mechanical connecting piece is positioned so that it is on the one hand assembled with the first wall and secondly assembled with the second wall, so as to keep them in a position where these walls are spaced apart; one of the other and parallel to each other; then
• said thermally insulating material is inserted thermally between these first and second walls interconnected via said at least one mechanical connecting piece.

This embodiment makes it possible to industrialize at a lower cost the production of isolated blocks. A mold can indeed be adapted to the simultaneous production of a large number of blocks.

• pour assembler ladite au moins une pièce de liaison avec la première paroi, on positionne une première portion de cette au moins une pièce de liaison à l'intérieur d'un premier évidement du moule femelle, puis on surmoule dans ce premier évidement du moule femelle et autour de cette première portion, un matériau durcissable constitutif de la première paroi ; et
• pour assembler ladite au moins une pièce de liaison avec la seconde paroi, on positionne une seconde portion de cette au moins une pièce de liaison à l'intérieur d'un second évidement du moule femelle, puis on surmoule dans ce second évidement du moule femelle et autour de cette seconde portion, un matériau durcissable constitutif de la seconde paroi.

According to a first embodiment of said method according to the invention:

• to assemble said at least one connecting piece with the first wall, positioning a first portion of this at least one connecting piece inside a first recess of the female mold, then overmolding in this first recess of the female mold and around this first portion, a settable material constituting the first wall; and
• to assemble said at least one connecting piece with the second wall, positioning a second portion of this at least one connecting piece inside a second recess of the female mold, then overmolding in this second recess of the female mold and around this second portion, a curable material constituting the second wall.

According to this first embodiment, the walls are overmolded around the connecting piece, which facilitates the assembly of the walls but requires positioning, with respect to the female mold, of each at least one connecting piece prior to the pouring of the material of the walls. This embodiment has the advantage of obtaining the good spacing between walls as soon as these walls are molded, this spacing being maintained by the connecting piece.

• une première portion de ladite au moins une pièce de liaison est insérée à l'intérieur de certains au moins des évidements internes à la première paroi pour assembler cette première portion avec la première paroi ; et
• une seconde portion de ladite au moins une pièce de liaison est insérée à l'intérieur de certains au moins des évidements internes à la seconde paroi pour assembler cette seconde portion avec cette seconde paroi et ainsi maintenir fixement ces première et seconde parois parallèles entre elles et écartées l'une de l'autre.

According to a second alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first and second walls are formed by molding a curable material, the first wall having recesses extending inside the first wall in one direction. extending parallel to an outer face of the first wall, these recesses internal to the first wall open on an outer edge of the first wall. Similarly, the second wall has recesses extending inside this second wall in a direction of extension parallel to an outer face of the second wall, these recesses internal to the second wall open on an outer edge of this second wall. After curing the constituent material of the first and second walls:

• a first portion of said at least one connecting piece is inserted inside at least some of the recesses internal to the first wall to assemble said first portion with the first wall; and
• a second portion of said at least one connecting piece is inserted inside at least some of the recesses internal to the second wall to assemble said second portion with said second wall and thus fixedly hold said first and second walls parallel to each other and away from each other.

According to this second embodiment of the method of the invention, the first and second walls are first molded, hardened and then assembled together via at least one connecting piece penetrating into the wall recesses formed by molding.

The advantage of this second embodiment is to be able to form a multitude of walls without having to assemble them together during their manufacture.

These walls are thus transportable in packets and can be assembled together, via the connecting pieces, on the place where the thermal insulation layer is formed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

• la figure la présente un premier type de pièces de liaison identiques entre elles et utilisées pour fabriquer un bloc selon l'invention ;
• la figure 1b présente les parois du bloc reliées fixement entre elles à l'aide des pièces de liaison de la figure 1a, ces parois étant écartées l'une de l'autre et parallèles entre elles pour définir un espace apte à recevoir une couche d'isolant thermique ;
• la figure 1c présente un bloc selon l'invention comportant sa couche de matériau isolant disposée entre les parois et assujettie avec ces parois et les pièces de liaison ;
• la figure 1d présente un mur de blocs formé plusieurs rangs superposés de blocs illustrés à la figure 1c ;
• la figure 2a est une vue partielle d'une coupe transversale d'un bloc où l'on voit d'une part une première partie de la pièce de liaison insérée dans la première paroi pour la maintenir parallèle à la seconde paroi, et d'autres part une rainure formée le long d'un bord supérieur d'une paroi, cette rainure étant emplie de colle arasée au raz du bord externe de rainure ;
• la figure 2b est une vue partielle en coupe illustrant l'assemblage en cours de deux parois adjacentes de deux blocs adjacents superposés pour former deux rangs de blocs ;
• la figure 3a illustre un autre type de pièce de liaison 6a qui comporte plusieurs premières parties 61, 61b, 61c, 61d parallèles entre elles pour venir s'insérer dans des évidements formés dans une première paroi de bloc et plusieurs secondes parties 62, 62b, 62c, 62d parallèles entre elles pour venir s'insérer dans des évidements formés dans une seconde paroi du bloc ;
• la figure 3b présente la pièce de liaison de la figure 3a maintenant fixement des première et seconde parois 3, 4 du bloc parallèles entre elles et espacées l'une de l'autre ;
• la figure 3c illustre un bloc selon l'invention constitué des parois assemblées par la pièce de liaison 6a de la figure 3b et d'une couche d'isolant placée entre ces parois ;
• la figure 3d illustre un mur constitué de blocs identiques entre eux et conformes au bloc de la figure 3c ;
• la figure 4a illustre une plaque inférieure P de palettisation destinée à former un fond de moule femelle pour mouler des parois de blocs selon l'invention ainsi que des pièces de liaison disposées à la surface de cette plaque, cette plaque peut être équipée de moyens de positionnement des pièces de liaison sur la plaque P adaptés à maintenir ces pièces à distance les unes des autres ;
• la figure 4b illustre un moule femelle utilisé pour couler / mouler simultanément plusieurs parois de blocs selon l'invention tout en reliant ces parois deux à deux via les pièces de liaison illustrées à la figure 4a et disposées en fond de moule;
• la figure 4c illustre le moule femelle surmonté d'une chambre mobile de transport de matière à introduire dans le moule femelle pour y former les parois ainsi que des presseurs mobiles verticalement pour comprimer cette matière dans des évidements du moule femelle où l'on forme les parois ;
• la figure 4d illustre l'opération de démoulage où après retrait de la partie supérieure du moule femelle, le fond de moule femelle porte plusieurs parois de blocs selon l'invention, ces parois étant liées deux à deux et écartées par les pièces de liaison pour recevoir une couche d'isolant entre parois.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• Figure la presents a first type of connecting pieces identical to each other and used to manufacture a block according to the invention;
• the figure 1b presents the walls of the block connected together with each other by means of the connecting pieces of the figure 1a these walls being spaced from each other and parallel to each other to define a space capable of receiving a layer of thermal insulation;
• the figure 1c presents a block according to the invention comprising its layer of insulating material disposed between the walls and secured with these walls and the connecting pieces;
• the figure 1d presents a wall of blocks formed several rows superimposed blocks illustrated at the figure 1c ;
• the figure 2a is a partial view of a cross section of a block in which on the one hand a first part of the connecting piece inserted in the first part is seen; wall for maintaining it parallel to the second wall, and secondly a groove formed along an upper edge of a wall, this groove being filled with glued flush at the edge of the outer edge of the groove;
• the figure 2b is a partial sectional view illustrating the current assembly of two adjacent walls of two adjacent superimposed blocks to form two rows of blocks;
• the figure 3a illustrates another type of connecting piece 6a which has a plurality of first portions 61, 61b, 61c, 61d parallel to each other for insertion into recesses formed in a first block wall and a plurality of second portions 62, 62b, 62c, 62d parallel to each other to be inserted into recesses formed in a second wall of the block;
• the figure 3b presents the connecting piece of the figure 3a now fixed first and second walls 3, 4 of the block parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other;
• the figure 3c illustrates a block according to the invention consisting of the walls assembled by the connecting piece 6a of the figure 3b and a layer of insulation placed between these walls;
• the figure 3d illustrates a wall made up of blocks identical to each other and in conformity with the block of the figure 3c ;
• the figure 4a illustrates a lower palletizing plate P intended to form a female mold bottom for molding block walls according to the invention as well as connecting pieces disposed on the surface of this plate, this plate may be equipped with parts positioning means connecting the plate P adapted to maintain these parts at a distance from each other;
• the figure 4b illustrates a female mold used to cast / mold simultaneously several block walls according to the invention while connecting these two walls to two via the connecting pieces illustrated in the figure 4a and disposed at the bottom of the mold;
• the figure 4c illustrates the female mold surmounted by a movable material transport chamber to be introduced into the female mold to form the walls and vertically movable pressers to compress this material in recesses of the female mold where the walls are formed;
• the figure 4d illustrates the demolding operation where after removal of the upper part of the female mold, the female mold bottom carries several block walls according to the invention, these walls being connected in pairs and separated by the connecting pieces to receive a layer insulation between walls.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As indicated above the invention relates to a block for the construction of walls from several blocks identical to each other. Each building block 1 according to the invention is sized to be able to be contained in a maximum space volume V determined. This volume of maximum congestion V is defined to allow a user to manually carry each block 1.

This volume of maximum space V parallelepiped is 600 mm long. The length of the block according to the invention is thus necessarily less than or equal to 600 mm. Preferably, the volume of maximum parallelepipedal bulk has a length of 500 mm and in this case, the block has a length less than or equal to 500 mm, this block length being preferably equal to 500 mm to be compatible with the most widespread dimensions on the building block market.

The volume of maximum parallelepipedal space has a height of 350 mm. The height of the block is thus necessarily less than or equal to 350 mm. We take note that the height of the block is a dimension measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the block.

The volume of maximum parallelepipedal dimensions finally has a thickness of 350 mm. Thus, the thickness of the block is necessarily less than or equal to 350 mm. Note that the thickness of the block is a dimension measured in a direction perpendicular to the length of the block and also perpendicular to the height of the block and passing through the two walls of the block. The block according to the invention is generally of rectangular parallelepiped shape.

Each wall 3, 4 of the block has a clean length, a clean height and a specific thickness. The proper length of a wall is measured parallel to the length of the block. The proper height of a wall is measured parallel to the height of the block. The intrinsic thickness of a wall is measured parallel to the thickness of the block.

Block 1 comprises first and second external walls 3, 4 whose respective thermal conductivities λ1, λ2 are greater than or equal to 0.12 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 . Typically these walls 3, 4 consist of the same material chosen from the group of materials comprising concrete, cellular concrete, terra cotta, solid wood, chipboard.

For their important mechanical properties (compressive strength) these materials are widely used for the manufacture of wall building blocks. However, these materials have a high thermal conductivity which makes them weakly insulating.

To minimize heat flow through the block, at least one layer of thermally insulating material 5 is formed by molding between these first and second walls 3, 4. As the layer is molded against these walls, it adheres to the first faces of these walls and participates in the mechanical connection between these walls.

The spacing between the walls is maintained via at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a, which makes it possible to have load recovery by the block at its walls and along these walls, the insulating layer 5 being thus preserved from the crash. Ideally the insulation layer has four peripheral faces F1, F2, F3, F4 accessible between the block walls, from outside the block. In other words, the layer of insulating material has four peripheral faces, in this case first, second, third and fourth peripheral faces F1, F2, F3, F4 between which it extends. The geometry of these peripheral faces is provided so that when two identical blocks are assembled together, there is contact, if possible continuous, between two of the peripheral faces of these blocks. These peripheral faces F1, F2, F3, F4 of the insulating material layer 5 follow each other without discontinuity and together form a closed continuous outer surface of the block, this closed continuous outer surface being limited on both sides by the first and second walls. This avoids the thermal bridges since the insulation layer is continuous and forms an outer peripheral surface of the block which is continuous and closed.

This insulating material has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.04 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 and is molded against and between the first and second walls 3, 4 to generate a mechanical grip / attachment of the layer 5 against each of the first and second walls 3, 4 at the location of the first faces (inner faces) of these walls 3, 4. This layer 5 is in one piece and preferably extends over the entire first face (inner face) of the first wall 3 and on the entire first face (internal face) of the second wall 4 without any discontinuity between these walls. Preferably, this insulating material is at least one of the materials belonging to the group of insulating materials comprising polyurethane, perlite, rock, polystyrene, phenolic foam. Ideally this material is an expansive foam such as polyurethane foam.

As illustrated in figures 1c and 3c in order to position the first and second walls 3, 4 relative to one another to define the space available for the insulator, the block 1 comprises at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a fixedly interconnecting the first and second walls 3, 4 to secure them together.

The first wall 3 has recesses 3a which extend inside this first wall 3 in a direction of extension parallel to an outer face 32 of this first wall 3. These internal recesses 3a to the first wall 3 open on a first outer edge 31 of this first wall 3.

The second wall 4 has recesses 4a which extend inside this second wall 4 in a direction of extension parallel to an outer face 42 of this second wall 4. These internal recesses 4a to the second wall 4 open on a first outer edge 41 of this second wall 4.

The mechanical connection piece or parts 6a are made of a material distinct from the material forming the insulating layer and the material forming the walls. Typically, each connecting piece has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.3 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 . For this purpose, a connecting piece is preferably made of a molded polymer material of thermal conductivity less than 0.22 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 . Typically, this molded polymeric material is selected from the group of polymeric materials including polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene tetraphthalate, polyacetal, polyvinyl.

• au moins une première partie 61 insérée dans un desdits évidements internes 3a à la première paroi 3 ;
• au moins une seconde partie 62 insérée dans un desdits évidements internes à la seconde paroi 4 ; et
• au moins une partie intermédiaire 63 reliant fixement entre elles ces première et seconde parties 61, 62.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3c each at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a has:

• at least a first portion 61 inserted in one of said internal recesses 3a to the first wall 3;
• at least a second portion 62 inserted in one of said recesses internal to the second wall 4; and
• at least one intermediate portion 63 fixedly interconnecting these first and second portions 61, 62.

In the present case, each of said recesses of the walls 3 4 is in the form of a blind hole.

Thus, each recess passes through only part of the wall where it is made and the mechanical strength of this wall is improved compared to the case where the recess would completely cross.

Each of the recesses of the first and second walls 3, 4 has a cross section of its own and decreasing going from the outside to the inside of the wall where it is formed.

Likewise, each at least one first part of mechanical connecting piece 6a and each at least one second part of mechanical connecting piece 6a inserted into one of said recesses has a cross section which is clean and which decreases in going from the outside towards the inside of the recess into which it is inserted.

This makes it possible to have a cross section of important connecting piece towards the intermediate portion 63, where the bending forces are important and a smaller cross section, where the bending element bending forces are lower (by going inside the wall, away from the intermediate portion 63). This minimizes the amount of material required for the manufacture of the connecting piece without compromising the strength of the block thus formed.

As illustrated on FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 4d , each at least a first part of mechanical connection piece 6a given has two plane lateral faces which are on either side of this first part of mechanical connecting piece 6a given and which are moving closer to one another towards a distal end of this first mechanical connecting part part 6a given.

Likewise, each at least one second part of a mechanical connection piece 6a has two plane lateral faces which are on either side of this second mechanical connecting part part 6a given and which are going closer to one another. the other going towards a distal end of this second mechanical link part 6a given.

These flat lateral faces together form a sort of wedge which progressively guides the connecting piece into the recesses where it is sunk and this allows precise positioning of the first and second walls 3, 4 relative to one another when the parts are driven in. link.

In addition, each recess may have an internal profile complementary to the flat lateral faces to promote a progressive jamming of the connecting piece during its insertion into the corresponding recesses. Thus when it is fully embedded in the walls it is stuck in the recesses of these walls by a form of conical wedging.

Said first and second portions 61, 62 of said at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a to which they belong are parallel to each other and perpendicular to said at least one intermediate portion 63 when said at least one mechanical connection piece is observed in a plane section of this at least one connecting piece 6a passing through said first and second parts 61, 62 of this at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a.

In other words, when this at least one mechanical connection piece 6a is observed in a cutting plane passing through its first and second parts 61, 62 which are respectively inserted into the walls 3, 4, this connecting piece forms a U. This U-shape makes it possible to oppose the spacing of the first and second walls 3, 4 and makes it possible to keep them parallel to one another with respect to the other.

Thus, with the first and second parts 61, 62 this U-shaped connecting piece respectively inserted into the corresponding recesses formed in the first and second walls and which open respectively to said outer edges 31, 41, the intermediate portion 63 of the connecting piece is on an edge of the space between the first and second walls, the entire central area of this space between the first and second walls thus being exclusively occupied by insulating material of the layer of insulating material. The thermal bridges are thus completely eliminated from the central zone of the block and this block is also particularly resistant due to the positioning of the intermediate portion of the connecting piece closer to the outer edge of the layer of insulating material than the central zone of the space between the first and second walls 3, 4. Central zone of the insulating layer means the core zone of this insulating layer.

A wall designed by stacking several identical building blocks and according to the invention, with the intermediate parts 63 of the U-shaped connecting pieces placed on the top or bottom of the blocks, has an improved strength without the disadvantage of have thermal bridges at the central zones of the blocks.

Indeed, each intermediate portion 63 of U-shaped connecting piece is along one of the flat peripheral faces of the insulating layer F1, F2, F3, F4 of the block to which it belongs and along one of the faces. peripherals of the insulation layer of the block of neighboring building which is either above or below this connecting piece.

Thus, each connecting piece acts against the spacing of the walls 3, 4 of the block to which it belongs and, since it is positioned near the edge of the insulating layer of this block, it also acts in a privileged manner against the spacing the walls of the neighboring block along which it is positioned.

Thanks to the invention, it is thus possible to improve the mechanical strength of the wall while limiting its thermal bridges since the same connecting piece acts against the separation of the walls of two adjacent blocks. As mentioned above, the insulating layer is molded against the intermediate portion 63 of each at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a so that each at least one mechanical connecting piece is directly in mechanical engagement with said layer of insulation. 'insulating.

The fact that the insulating layer is molded against each intermediate part 63 of the connecting piece 6a makes it possible to bond each connecting piece to the insulating layer. This improves the overall cohesion of the block since the layer holds in position the connecting piece which itself maintains in position the walls 3, 4 which are themselves glued against the insulating layer.

This block is particularly resistant and insulating and can be stacked with similar blocks to form an insulated wall as soon as the blocks are assembled without having to inject an insulator after assembling the blocks (which would be costly in time and could generate thermal insulation defects in the wall).

As illustrated on FIGS. 1c, 2a, 2b, 3c at least one mechanical connecting piece 6a given passes through the layer of insulating material 5 in which it is mechanically engaged, its intermediate portion 63 being integrally surrounded by insulating material of the layer.

The mechanical connection between the connecting pieces and the insulating layer is thus improved and the thermal bridges minimized along the intermediate portion.

Each intermediate part 63 of the connecting piece is parallel to one of said peripheral faces F1 of the insulating layer 5 of which it is the closest. This contributes to homogenize the mechanical strength of the block.

As illustrated on Figures 1c and 2b the first wall 3 comprises a second external edge parallel to said first outer edge 31 of this first wall 3.

One of these first or second outer edges of the first wall 3 has a first groove 50 which extends along the outer edge while the other of these first or second outer edges of the first wall 3 has a first tongue 51 which extends along this other outer edge. This first groove 50 and the first tongue 51 of the first wall 3 are provided so that when two identical blocks between them are superimposed on one another, the first tongue 51 of the first wall 3 of one of these blocks penetrates into the first groove of the first wall 3 of the other of these blocks.

The second wall 4 comprises a second external edge parallel to said first outer edge 41 of this second wall 4. One of these first or second outer edges of the second wall 4 has a first groove 80 which extends along this edge external of the second wall while the other of these first or second outer edges of the second wall 4 has a first tongue 81 which extends along the other outer edge of the second wall 4. The first groove 80 and first tongue 81 of the second wall 4 are provided so that when two identical blocks between them are superimposed on one another, the first tongue 80 of the second wall 4 of one of these blocks enters the first groove of the second wall 4 of the other of these blocks.

Thus, when two identical building blocks according to the invention are stacked on top of one another, their respective first walls are assembled to one another by groove / tongue interlocking and their respective second walls are assembled together by groove / groove interlocking. tongue.

The combination of the U-shaped connecting piece positioned along the edge of the insulating layer and the tongue / groove assemblies allows a single connecting piece to prevent the separation of the walls of two adjacent blocks.

Preferably, each recess 3a opens into one of said first grooves.

Thus, when two identical blocks are assembled one on the other with the groove / tongue assemblies, the connecting pieces are wedged between an inner edge of a groove and an outer edge of a tongue which promotes cohesion. from the wall.

In the embodiment presented to FIGS. 1a to 2b and 4a, 4b , the block 1 comprises several mechanical connecting pieces 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e identical to each other in terms of shape. Each of these connecting pieces interconnects said first and second walls 3, 4.

In this preferred embodiment, each mechanical connecting piece 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e is in the form of a jumper engaged with one side of the jumper inside the first wall and on the other side of the jumper with the inside the second wall.

• plusieurs premières parties 61, 61b, 61c, 61d parallèles entre elles et chacune insérée dans la première paroi 3; et
• plusieurs secondes parties 62, 62b, 62c, 62d parallèles entre elles et chacune insérée dans la seconde paroi 4.

According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in Figures 3a to 3d said at least one connecting piece 6a comprises:

• a plurality of first portions 61, 61b, 61c, 61d parallel to each other and each inserted in the first wall 3; and
• several second portions 62, 62b, 62c, 62d parallel to each other and each inserted in the second wall 4.

In this mode, the block 1 has a single connecting piece 6a having a plurality of first mutually parallel portions 61, 61b, 61c, 61d intended to be inserted complementary recesses of the first wall 3 and several second parts parallel to each other 62, 62b, 62c, 62d intended to be inserted complementary recesses of the second wall 4. The advantage of this piece is that it has a large support plane which makes it more stable. Furthermore, this connecting piece may have one or more longitudinal stiffening beams 64, 65 for interconnecting the first parts 61, 61b, 61c, 61d and the second parts 62, 62b, 62c, 62d.

It should be noted that, if necessary, several connecting pieces of this type can be used to connect the walls 3, 4.

In addition, as illustrated in Figures 3a, 3b, 3c braces 65 may extend in a base plane Px of the connecting piece 6a to give it rigidity while allowing improved grip of the insulating material on the connecting piece. These braces 65 are arranged to be immersed in the layer of insulating material 5 during its formation (during the expansion of the foam).

Plugs 66 may also extend to one side of the connecting piece 6a which is opposite to the side of the connecting piece 6a towards which the first parts 61, 61b, 61c, 61d extend and second parts parallel to each other 62, 62b, 62c, 62d. The walls 3, 4 of each block have hollow areas for receiving pads 66 belonging to another identical block, when these two blocks are stacked one on the other.

These pads 66 can wedge transversely blocks identical to each other when they are stacked on each other.

The intermediate portion 63 fixedly interconnecting the first and second portions 61, 62 forms a stable support plane adapted to position the first connecting piece on a plane. Stable bearing plane means that when the mechanical connecting piece is positioned on a horizontal plane external to the connecting piece, this connecting piece 6a does not rock.

This may be useful for positioning each mechanical connecting piece 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e with respect to a lower plate P of a female mold 7 in which said first and second walls are molded. As illustrated in figure 4d this lower plate P is perpendicular to the respective extension planes P1, P2 of these first and second walls 3, 4.

As we see on the Figures 4b and 4d , the bottom plate P which forms the bottom of the mold 7 may be a pallet for carrying all the walls 3, 4 of blocks 1 formed during molding. The walls leaving the mold can be transported to a storage / drying / drying zone using the mold base P which is particularly practical.

• bord externe supérieur ;
• bord externe inférieur ;
• premier bord externe latéral ;
• second bord externe latéral, les bords externes supérieur et inférieur relient entre eux les premier et second bords externes latéraux.

As indicated above and illustrated on the figures 1c and 3c , the first wall 3 of the block has an outer edge 31 composed of four straight outer edges, respectively named:

• upper outer edge;
• lower outer edge;
• first outer lateral edge;
• second outer lateral edge, the upper and lower outer edges connect between them the first and second lateral external edges.

Each of these edges has a clean angular stop, these angular edges defining together the periphery of the first face (so-called internal face) of the first wall 3.

The first groove 50 extends along the upper outer edge, the second groove 60 extends along the first of the lateral outer edge.

The first tongue extends along the lower outer edge and the second tongue 61 extends along the second lateral outer edge.

The first groove 50 and the first tongue 51 are provided so that when two identical blocks between them are superimposed / assembled one on the other, the first tongue 51 of one of these blocks enters the first groove 51 of the other of these blocks.

As we see on the Figures 2a and 2b , the internal volume of the first groove 50 is provided to define a maximum allowable volume of adhesive in the first groove 50 such that, when two identical blocks are superposed on one another with a first tongue 51 of one of these identical blocks inserted into the first groove 50 of the other of these blocks, the tongue 51 discharges from the groove 50 a sufficient volume of glue to glue all of the lower and upper outer edges of the first walls of these blocks.

The maximum permissible adhesive volume in a groove 50 is obtained by filling this groove 50 with adhesive and leveling the excess glue. Thus, the right amount of glue required for the assembly of adjacent walls is easily defined.

Ideally, the first tongue 51 has a profile that is refined towards the outside of the tongue 51. The first groove 50 has a shape profile complementary to the profile of the first tongue 51.

Thus, during the assembly of the superimposed blocks, the distribution of the glue is facilitated while guiding the blocks relative to each other.

Ideally, the first lateral outer edge 70 has a profile identical to the profile of the groove formed along the upper outer edge and the second lateral outer edge. 71 has a profile identical to the profile of the tongue formed along the lower outer edge.

• bord externe supérieur ;
• bord externe inférieur ;
• premier bord externe latéral ;
• second bord externe latéral, les bords externes supérieur et inférieur reliant entre eux les premier et second bords externes latéraux de cette seconde paroi.

Similarly, the second wall 4 of the block has an outer edge 41 composed of four straight outer edges:

• upper outer edge;
• lower outer edge;
• first outer lateral edge;
• second lateral outer edge, the upper and lower outer edges interconnecting the first and second outer lateral edges of the second wall.

Each of these external edges has a clean angular stop, these angular edges defining together the periphery of the first face (so-called internal face) of the second wall 4.

As specified above for the first wall 3, the upper outer edge of this second wall 4 has a groove 80 and the lower outer edge of the second wall has a tongue 81 of complementary shape to the shape of the groove 80 of the outer edge higher of the same second wall 4.

This allows two identical blocks to each other and superimposed on each other to have the tab 81 formed along the lower outer edge of the second wall of the upper block inserted into the groove 80 formed along the lower outer edge of the second wall 4 of the other block said lower block.

As in the case of the groove 50 formed along the upper outer edge of the first wall 3, the internal volume of the groove 80 is provided to define a space to receive a maximum volume of permissible adhesive in the groove 80. This maximum volume is provided so that when inserting a tongue 81 of a block into a groove 80 of another identical block, there is an overflow of glue out of this groove 80 sufficient to cover the entire width of the second wall 4 having the groove 80 seen in cross section of this wall 4.

In the same way as for the tongue 51 belonging to the first wall 3, the tongue 81 of the second wall 4 has a profile that tapers towards the end of the tongue. This facilitates the positioning of tongue 81 in a groove 80 while promoting a good distribution of the adhesive between the walls 4 of these blocks.

It should be noted that the grooves and tongues are always defined so that the maximum permissible adhesive volume is insufficient to extend through the entire layer of insulation when two blocks are assembled together. Since the adhesive has a higher thermal conductivity than the insulating material, it is thus avoided to create unnecessary thermal diffusion in the layer of insulating material.

Ideally, the insulation layers of the blocks are shaped so that when the blocks (identical to each other) are assembled together there is a continuous contact between these insulating layers.

Preferably, the connecting piece is positioned along the lower or upper outer edges of the walls of the block.

It can also be done so that the first wall 3 is thicker than the second wall 4. The thickest wall is preferably provided on the side of the wall intended to form an inner face of the building. This makes it possible to confer a better thermal inertia on the building.

Claims (15)

Block (1) for the wall construction (2) having external dimensions such that it can extend completely within a volume volume (V) of parallelepiped length (Lv) 600 mm, of height (Hv) 350 mm and thickness (Ev) 350 mm, the block (1) comprising at least first and second outer walls (3, 4) having respective thermal conductivities ( λ1, λ2) greater than or equal to 0.12 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 and at least one layer of thermally insulating material (5) placed between these first and second walls (3, 4), this insulating material having a thermal conductivity less than 0.04 W * m ^-1 * K ^-1 , the block (1) being characterized in that it further comprises at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) interconnecting the first and second walls (3, 4) to secure them together, this to at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) being distinct from the layer of insulating material (5) and having a a thermal conductivity of less than 0.3 W ^* m ^{-1 *} K ^-1 and in that the insulating material forming the layer of insulating material (5) is a material molded against the first and second walls (3, 4), the layer insulating material (5) being integral and extending over a first face of the first wall (3) and over a first face of the second wall (4) facing said first face of the first wall, so as to be in mechanical engagement with each of these first and second walls (3, 4) via their respective first faces, the layer of insulating material having peripheral faces (F1, F2, F3, F4) between which extends this layer of insulating material. Building block according to claim 1, this block being in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the said peripheral faces (F1, F2, F3, F4) of the layer of insulating material being four in number; the first of these peripheral faces (F1) extending between a first angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a first angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it is also flush; the second of these peripheral faces (F2) extending between a second angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a second angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it is also flush; the third of these peripheral faces (F3) extending between a third angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a third angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it is also flush; the fourth of these peripheral faces (F4) extending between a fourth angular stop belonging to the first wall and against which it is flush and a fourth angular stop belonging to the second wall and against which it also outcrops, the first, second, third and fourth angular edges of the first wall (3) forming a rectangle and the first, second, third and fourth angular edges of the second wall (4) forming a rectangle. Block (1) for the wall construction according to any one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the first and second walls (3, 4) are made of the same material selected from the group of materials comprising concrete, concrete cellular, terracotta, solid wood, chipboard. Block (1) for the wall construction according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) is made of a molded polymeric material. Block (1) for the wall construction according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said insulating material (5) is at least one of the materials belonging to the group of insulating materials comprising polyurethane, perlite, rockwool, polystyrene, phenolic foam. Block for wall construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the first wall (3) comprises recesses (3a) which extend inside this first wall (3) in a direction of extension parallel to an outer face (32) of this first wall (3), these internal recesses (3a) at the first wall (3) opening on a first outer edge (31) of this first wall (3), and the second wall (4) comprising recesses (4a) which extend inside this second wall (4) in an extension direction parallel to an outer face (42) of this second wall (4), these internal recesses (4a) at the second wall (4) opening on a first outer edge (41) of this second wall (4), said at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) having: - at least a first portion (61) inserted in one of said internal recesses (3a) to the first wall (3); - at least a second portion (62) inserted into one of said recesses internal to the second wall (4); and - At least one intermediate portion (63) fixedly interconnecting these first and second portions (61, 62). Block for the wall construction according to the preceding claim, wherein each of said recesses is a blind hole. Block for the wall construction according to at least one of claims 6 or 7, wherein each of the recesses of the first and second walls has a cross section of its own and decreasing going from the outside to the inside of the wall where it is formed and likewise each at least a first mechanical connecting piece part (6a) and each at least a second mechanical connecting piece part (6a) inserted into one of said recesses has a section its own transverse and decreasing going from the outside to the inside of the recess in which it is inserted. Block for the wall construction according to claim 8, wherein each at least a first part of the mechanical connecting part (6a) has two flat lateral faces which are on either side of this first part of the mechanical connection part. (6a) and which are moving toward each other towards a distal end of said first mechanical connecting part portion (6a) given, likewise each at least a second mechanical link part portion (6a) has two planar lateral faces which are on either side of this second part of mechanical connecting part (6a) given and which are approaching one another towards a distal end of this second part of mechanical connection piece (6a) given. Block for the wall construction according to at least one of claims 6 to 9, wherein said first and second parts (61, 62) of said at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) to which they belong are parallel to each other and perpendicular to said at least one intermediate portion 63 when this at least one mechanical connecting piece is observed in a plane of section of this at least one connecting piece (6a) passing through these said first and second parts (61, 62). Block for the wall construction according to at least one of claims 6 to 10, wherein said at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) observed in a plane of section passing through its first and second parts (61, 62) is forms a U to maintain the first and second walls (3, 4) parallel to each other and oppose the spacing of these first and second walls (3, 4) of the block. Block for the wall construction according to at least one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the insulating layer is molded against the intermediate portion (63) of each at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) so as to that each at least one mechanical connecting piece is directly in mechanical engagement with said insulating layer. Block for the wall construction according to at least one of claims 6 to 12, wherein each at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) is passed through the layer of insulating material (5) in which it is engaged mechanical, its intermediate portion (63) being integrally surrounded by insulating material of the layer. Block for wall construction according to at least one of Claims 6 to 13, in which: the first wall (3) comprises a second external edge parallel to said first outer edge (31) of said first wall (3), one of these first or second external edges of the first wall (3) having a first groove ( 50) extending along this outer edge while the other of these first or second outer edges of the first wall (3) has a first tongue (51) extending along the other outer edge, this first groove (50) and the first tongue (51) of the first wall (3) being provided so that when two identical blocks between them are superimposed on one another, the first tongue (51) of the first wall (3) of one of these blocks penetrating into the first groove of the first wall (3) on the other of these blocks; and in which the second wall (4) comprises a second external edge parallel to said first outer edge (41) of said second wall (4), one of these first or second external edges of the second wall (4) having a first groove ( 80) extending along the outer edge of the second wall while the other of these first or second outer edges of the second wall (4) has a first tongue (81) extending along the second wall (4). another outer edge of the second wall (4), these first groove (80) and first tongue (81) of the second wall (4) being provided so that when two identical blocks are superimposed on one another, the first tongue (80) of the second wall (4) of one of these blocks enters the first groove of the second wall (4) of the other of these blocks. Method of manufacturing a block (1) for the wall construction (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that : with the aid of at least one female mold (7), said first and second walls (3, 4) are molded; positioning said at least one mechanical connecting piece (6a) so that it is on the one hand assembled with the first wall (3) and secondly assembled with the second wall (4) so as to maintain them in a position where these walls (3, 4) are spaced from each other and parallel to each other; then said insulating material is inserted thermally between these first and second walls (3, 4) interconnected via said at least one mechanical connection piece (6a).

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