EP3309312A1 - Method of manufacturing a balcony and balcony obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing balconies (10-12) in a building (1), each balcony (10-12) comprising a balcony slab provided with at least one joining edge (110) for communicating with the floor (3) disposed within the building (1). The method is characterized in that thermal breakers (140) are incorporated within and in the thickness of the balcony slab, in close proximity and slightly recessed along said junction edge (110) to create at least in part a thermal break between the balcony slab and said building (1), in that these thermal breakers (140) are arranged discontinuously along said junction edge (110) to create gaps (I); ) in which linkages (150) are positioned to mechanically connect said balcony slab to said building (1) and that said gaps (I) of hydraulic material are filled during casting of the compression slab on said floor and said balcony to form reinforced concrete ribs providing a continuous mechanical connection between said balcony and said floor.

Description

Technical area :

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a balcony comprising a balcony slab intended to be disposed outside a building, said balcony slab being provided with at least one joining edge intended to communicate with a floor disposed within said building, and the balcony obtained by said method.

Prior art:

A balcony is an architectural feature of a building consisting of a projecting platform in front of one or more bays, which may or may not be visible from the facade of the building, giving access to the exterior of a building and provided with a railing. It can be cantilever, console, supported at its free end by a point or partially continuous carrier element, or have any other configuration possible. Several techniques are used to make a balcony. A first technique is to cast the balcony slab in place on site using a formwork. A second technique is to use prefabricated slabs in the factory or on the site, commonly called pre-slabs, to assemble these slabs to the rest of the building and to cast a compression slab on site. And a third technique is to prefabricate the entire balcony factory or site before assembling the rest of the building.

The implementation of thermal regulations made it mandatory to limit heat loss at the junction of a perimeter wall with a floor for new buildings. When the insulation is carried out from the inside of the building, the method of thermal break at the periphery of the floor as described in the publications FR 2 861 767 B1 and FR 3,004,740 B1 of the plaintiff already makes it possible to effectively treat the thermal bridges at the level of the wall-floor junctions, extended or not a balcony. In this case, the balcony-wall-floor junction does not need to be treated since the thermal bridge generated is stopped at the floor level by means of thermal breakers arranged inside the building and integrated at the periphery of the floor. . When insulation is carried out from outside the building, the balcony-wall-floor junction must be treated imperatively. One of the solutions consists in inserting between the wall and the balcony slab a continuous insulating block extending over the entire length of the balcony-wall-floor junction, such as that described by way of example in the publications EP 0 866 185 A2 and EP 1 832 690 B1 . In this case, the continuous insulating block extends over the entire height of the balcony slab and is traversed from one side by metal reinforcements to ensure the mechanical connection between the balcony slab and the floor slab. However, some mechanical links have a limited capacity for resistance.

A similar solution is described in the publication EP 3,061,880 A1 which concerns a prefabricated balcony formed by a box delimited by a plate, a front wall corresponding to the free end of the balcony, a rear wall set back from the fixed end of the balcony adjacent to the facade of the building, and parallel ribs extending between said walls and defining a bearing surface for floor slabs. This balcony includes discontinuous thermal insulation means, outside the box, interposed between the rear wall and the building facade. The reinforcements that are provided in the ribs extend inside the building to ensure the mechanical connection between the balcony and the floor. These ribs comprise end portions located outside the rear wall and between the discontinuous thermal insulation means. They are made of thermal insulating material to ensure with said thermal insulation means continuity of thermal break along the balcony / floor junction. As in the previous example, the mechanical connections in this type of fully prefabricated balcony have a limited capacity for resistance. In addition, the balcony-floor junction represents a high risk of water infiltration, having the effect of corroding the reinforcements and degrading in the longer term the resistance of the building. balcony. On the other hand, the box inevitably forms a receptacle for rainwater, and constitutes a significant danger in the event of accumulation of water if the evacuation provided in the front wall were clogged, since the load allowed by the balcony would be outdated. Finally, when the boxes are juxtaposed, the lateral ribs of said boxes are adjacent and inevitably create a joint plane through which the water can run off, which is intolerable in a building.

Therefore, there is currently no solution to isolate the balconies in the case of thermal insulation from the outside of the building, in accordance with the thermal regulations in force and without the inconvenience and inconvenience mentioned. above.

Presentation of the invention

The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a method of manufacturing a quick and easy to implement balcony on site, providing for the casting of a compression slab on site, to significantly reduce thermal bridges at the level of the balcony-wall-floor junction, especially in the case of thermal insulation from outside the building, without degrading the mechanical stability or resistance of the balcony, and without affecting the structure of the building, making it possible to use it in seismic zones, with very low or even no water infiltration risks, and allowing all possible configurations of balcony.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a balcony of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that thermal insulation means are incorporated inside and in the thickness of the balcony slab. , in the immediate vicinity with play and along said at least one joining edge, to create at least in part a thermal break between the balcony slab and said building, in that said thermal insulation means is provided inside and in the thickness of the balcony slab in a discontinuous manner along said at least one joining edge to create intervals in which are positioned connecting reinforcements for mechanically connecting said balcony slab to said building, and in that said intervals of hydraulic material are filled during the pouring of the compression slab on said floor and said balcony to form reinforced concrete ribs ensuring continuous mechanical connection between said balcony and said floor.

This method has the advantage of effectively isolating the balcony-floor slab junction from the outside of the building, while preserving the mechanical strength of the balcony, thus making it compatible for the seismic zones, since the pouring of the slab compression allows both the creation of said reinforced concrete ribs extending continuously from the balcony to the floor, and the protection of the joint edges and joint planes limiting or even preventing the risk of water infiltration.

To achieve said balcony slab, one can cast a hydraulic material in a suitable formwork. In this case and before pouring the balcony slab forming compression slab, it is advantageous to position in said formwork the thermal insulation means and the connecting armatures.

To achieve said balcony slab, one can also use at least one prefabricated slab called pre-slab comprising at least partly the thermal insulation means and the connecting armatures. In this case, it sinks a compression slab in a hydraulic material on said at least one predalle.

Preferably, a pre-slab having vertical planes on its free edges outside said at least one joining edge is used. Thus, the planelles form with the predalle a lost formwork for the compression slab.

Depending on the insulation characteristics sought and the method of manufacture of the balcony, one can choose thermal insulation means whose height is at most equal to the thickness of the balcony slab, or thermal insulation means whose height is at least equal to the thickness of the compression slab and at most equal to the thickness of the predalle plus the thickness of the compression slab.

To form the thermal insulation means, it is possible to use either a single thermal breaker having a length less than that of said at least one joining edge to provide at its ends two gaps, or a plurality of thermal breakers aligned in a row parallel to said at least one joining edge and spaced from each other to provide a gap between two consecutive thermal breakers.

Each thermal breaker can be made from at least one insulating block, housed or not in a receiving support. Said thermal breaker and / or said insulating block may further comprise fireproof properties.

For this purpose, the invention also relates to a balcony of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it is obtained from the method as defined above.

Brief description of the drawings:

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bâtiment en cours de construction comportant trois balcons différents, saillants en façade, selon l'invention,
• la figure 2A est une vue agrandie d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un balcon droit de la figure 1, et la figure 2B est une vue en coupe dudit balcon,
• la figure 3A est une vue agrandie d'un second mode de réalisation d'un balcon droit de la figure 1, et la figure 3B est une vue en coupe dudit balcon,
• la figure 4A est une vue en perspective d'un balcon droit sans retombée, et la figure 4B est une vue en perspective de dessous dudit balcon,
• la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un balcon d'angle en retrait de façade,
• la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un balcon droit en retrait de façade,
• la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un balcon-passerelle entre deux bâtiments,
• la figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un plancher-dalle porté par des piliers et pourvu de deux balcons droit en porte-à-faux, et
• la figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un bâtiment en cours de construction comportant un balcon périphérique continu, saillant en façade, selon l'invention.

The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of several embodiments given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• the figure 1 is a perspective view of a building under construction comprising three different balconies projecting from the front, according to the invention,
• the Figure 2A is an enlarged view of a first embodiment of a balcony right of the figure 1 , and the Figure 2B is a sectional view of said balcony,
• the figure 3A is an enlarged view of a second embodiment of a balcony right of the figure 1 , and the figure 3B is a sectional view of said balcony,
• the Figure 4A is a perspective view of a straight balcony without fallout, and the Figure 4B is a perspective view from below of said balcony,
• the figure 5 is a perspective view of a corner balcony set back from frontage,
• the figure 6 is a perspective view of a balcony right back from frontage,
• the figure 7 is a perspective view of a walkway balcony between two buildings,
• the figure 8 is a perspective view of a floor-slab supported by pillars and provided with two cantilevered right-hand balconies, and
• the figure 9 is a perspective view of a building under construction with a continuous peripheral balcony projecting front, according to the invention.

Illustrations of the invention and different ways of making it:

Referring to the figures, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a balcony 10-18 in a building 1, either by casting a balcony slab in place on the site in a formwork connected to the building, or by assembly of slabs prefabricated to the building then pouring a compression slab on site, this process for integrating thermal insulation means at the balcony-wall-floor junction, whatever the layout and shape of the balcony 10-18 in the building 1. The thermal insulation means integrated in the balcony 10-18 can thus be arranged in the extension of the thermal insulation means 8 ( Fig. 3B ) provided on the exterior walls of building 1 to achieve thermal insulation from the outside (ITE) in accordance with the regulations in force.

The manufacturing method according to the invention applies to all possible balcony configurations, some of which are illustrated by way of non-limiting examples in the various appended figures. The balcony can be a balcony right 10, 11 or a corner balcony 12 protruding from the facade of building 1 defined by its outer walls 2, as shown in FIG. figure 1 . In this case, the right balcony 10-11 rests on a bearing line formed by an outer wall 2, and the corner balcony 12 rests on two secant bearing lines, for example at right angles, formed by two walls. 2 adjacent exterior of the building 1. It may be a right balcony 13 protruding from the facade of a building 1, but without fallout, that is to say, not resting on any support line, or no point of support, or on one or two points of support formed by the end of one or two outer walls 2 distant. The Figures 4A and 4B illustrate a right balcony 13 protruding front, without fall, resting on two support points formed by the ends of two outer walls 2 distant. It may be a corner balcony 14 set back from the front, resting on two secant support lines, for example at right angles, formed by two adjacent exterior walls 2 of the building 1, as shown in FIG. figure 5 . It may be a right balcony recessed front or recessed, resting on three support lines, intersecting two by two, formed by three outer walls 2 adjacent, as shown in FIG. figure 6 . It can be a gateway balcony 16 extending between two buildings 1 or between two parts of the same building 1, and resting on two parallel or non-parallel support lines, formed by two external walls 2 parallel or otherwise, and distant, as shown in figure 7 . It can be a balcony 17 not worn, for example in the case of a floor-slab 3 or a floor-mushroom (not shown), supported by pillars 4, and working cantilever as the example shown in the figure 8 . It may be a peripheral balcony 18 which extends over all or part of the perimeter of building 1, as the example shown in FIG. figure 9 . It may be a balcony resting on one or more points of support formed by pillars at the balcony end (not shown). It can still be a combination of these different types of construction, or any other type of balcony not shown. The balcony 10-18 can also overlook a courtyard of a building and / or form a terrace.

Similarly, the manufacturing method according to the invention applies to all methods of manufacturing a balcony, although the following description describes balconies made to from prefabricated slabs later called slabs, on which is cast on site a compression slab. The balconies can be made entirely by casting on the site of a hydraulic material such as concrete in a suitable formwork, or from precast prefabricated at the factory or on site, or entirely prefabricated in the factory or on the site. construction site. Generally and for the whole of the description, "prefabricated" means a construction element that can be manufactured industrially in the factory, then sent to the site, or manufactured on site without being cast in place, then placed . In all cases, a compression slab is poured on site to complete the manufacture of the balcony and to ensure mechanical continuity between the balcony and the floor as explained below. These prefabricated building elements are generally made of a hydraulic material such as concrete, stiffened by a metal frame, which may comprise projecting reinforcements 6 with or without reinforcing lattices, and commonly called prefabricated reinforced concrete elements.

The figure 1 illustrates an example of building 1 in construction comprising four outer walls 2 forming support walls, and a floor 3 formed of a structure consisting of parallelepiped-shaped slabs 5 and assembled edge to edge in the same plane. Of course, depending on the geometry of the building 1, the slabs 5 may have a non-parallelepiped shape. The floor 3 can also be formed of any other type of known structure, for example consisting of a single prefabricated slab or solid slab, a network of joists and interjoists, a formwork waiting for a cast slab in place, or any other equivalent structure. The external walls 2 may consist, by way of non-limiting examples, in prefabricated walls, such as a solid wall or integral formwork insulated or not, in walled walls, in masonry walls, or any other type of wall. known wall. This building 1 further comprises three balconies 10, 11, 12 different, all three prominent facade of the building 1, including two right balconies 10, 11 each disposed in a central zone of an outer wall 2, and a corner balcony 12 willing to the angle of two adjacent exterior walls 2. In the example shown, the right balconies 10, 11 are each formed of a structure consisting of a predalle 100, having a junction edge 110 in communication with the floor 3 of the building 1 and resting on the upper edge of the wall corresponding outside 2, planelles 120 disposed on the three free edges of the predalle 100, thermal insulation means in the form of thermal breakers 140 disposed inside the surface defined by the predalle 100, along the edge of junction 110 and slightly withdrawn from this junction edge 110, and connecting armatures 150 extending perpendicularly to the junction edge 110 on the depth of the balcony 10, 11 and inside the building 1 above the In the same manner, the corner balcony 12 illustrated is formed of a structure consisting of two pre-slabs 101 assembled edge to edge and at right angles in the same plane, having two edges of the floor. 110 in communication with the floor 3 of the building 1 and resting on the upper arase of the two outer walls 2 corresponding, planelles 120 on both free edges, thermal insulation means in the form of thermal breakers 140 arranged at the interior of the surface delimited by the predalles 101, along the two junction edges 110 and slightly withdrawn with respect to this junction edge 110, and connecting armatures 150 extending perpendicular to each junction edge 110 on the balcony 12 and inside the building 1 above the floor 5 of the floor slabs 3. The edge-to-edge assembly of the two slabs 101 forms a joint plane 160 which will be covered by the compression slab cast in place. Of course, according to the architecture of building 1, the corner balcony 12 can rest on more than two outer walls 2 and have a shape different from the right angle. After reinforcement of the floor 3, combined with the protruding reinforcement 6 of the floor 5 (see Figures 4A , 5 , 6 , 7 and 8 ), provided or not with stiffening trellis (not visible) and formwork of the banks of the floor 3, a compression slab (not shown) is cast in place in a hydraulic material such as concrete, covering in one piece the floor 3 and the three balconies 10, 11 and 12, the planelles 120 forming the formwork of the balconies 10-13. This casting slab cast in place allows both to create in combination with the reinforcing bars 150 of reinforced concrete ribs which ensure a continuous mechanical connection between the balconies 10, 11, 12, the outer wall 2 and the floor 3, and to cover the joining edge 110 and the joint plane 160 for protect them against water infiltration. The construction of building 1 can then continue to form the upper floors.

The Figures 2A and 2B illustrate in more detail one of the right balconies 10 of the figure 1 . The junction edge 110 of the predalle 100 rests on the upper edge of the outer wall 2, in extension of the floor 5 of the floor 3, and comprises a discontinuous row of thermal breakers 140, parallel to the junction edge 110, slightly recessed but located in its closest environment to be disposed in the immediate vicinity of the outer face of the outer wall 2, while providing a longitudinal clearance that will be filled with concrete during the casting of the compression slab in place. This row of thermal breakers 140 creates a thermal break at the balcony-wall-floor junction strongly limiting the formation of a thermal bridge, this thermal break being discontinuous as explained below. In addition, when the building 1 is provided with an outer insulation layer 8 (see figure 3B ), the row of thermal breakers 140 is preferably positioned in the extension or closest to the outer insulation layer provided on the outer walls 2 to ensure continuity of the external thermal insulation. In the example shown, the thermal breakers 140 are three in number, separated and spaced apart from each other by an interval I thus forming on either side of each thermal breaker 140 a passage for gates. 150. In the example shown in FIG. Figure 2A only the sets of central 150 connection frames are shown. It lacks the sets of connecting links on the bank of the balcony along the planelles 120. Thus, the different sets of connection frames 150 are parallel and distributed in the width of the balcony 10, to cross the balcony-wall-floor junction and overlap the pre-slab 100 of the balcony 10 and the floor slabs 5 of the floor 3. The gaps I are advantageously filled with hydraulic material during the pouring of the compression slab on the floor 3 and the balcony 10, and form ribs of reinforced concrete which provide a continuous mechanical connection between the balcony 10, the outer wall 2 and the floor 3. The connecting armatures 150 can be in various forms. In the illustrated example, they each comprise one or more reinforcing bars 151 parallel to each other, or any other equivalent links, integral or not with a reinforcement cage 152 positioned in the gap I between two consecutive thermal breakers 140. . These link frames 150 may be integrated in the pre-100 during its manufacture or reported on site according to the manufacturing method of the balcony 10. The planes 120 which are provided on the free edges of the pre-plate 100 are preferably integrated into the predales 100 during its manufacture. They make it possible to guarantee a good surface condition of the visible free edges of the balcony 10, and to avoid any additional formwork on the site when pouring the compression slab into a hydraulic material such as concrete. Of course, the height of the planelles 120 is determined according to the thickness of compression slab cast in place.

Still in the example shown in Figures 2A and 2B , the thermal breakers 140 have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, without this form being limiting. In addition, they may all have the same length, or have different lengths (see for examples the achievements of the Figures 5 and 6 . Their width can be determined according to the efficiency of the desired thermal break, but also according to the outer insulation layer 8 provided. They may or may each comprise a receiving support 141 in which is placed at least one insulating block 142. The receiving supports 141 are preferably integrated during the manufacture of the pre-slab 100 and protrude above the surface of the slab. predales 100 to receive one or more insulating blocks 142 superimposed. The insulating blocks 142 may also be integrated partly or wholly in the thickness of the pre-slab 100 during the manufacture of the slab 100, with or without a receiving support. They must have a height at least equal to the thickness of the compression slab which will be cast on the pre-slab 100 to form the balcony slab, and at most equal to the thickness of the compression slab plus the thickness of the pre-slab 100 if they are partly or totally integrated in the slab 100. The receiving supports 141 of the thermal breakers 140 may be in the form of an open container for receiving at least one insulating block 142. Other shapes may be suitable such as a simple plate, stirrups U, a mesh basket, etc. They may have anchoring members embedded in the pre-slab 100 to improve the anchoring of the receiving support 141 in the slab 100. They may be made of synthetic materials, composite materials, wood, metal, cardboard or plastic. any compatible material. These reception media 141 may or may not correspond to those described in the publication FR 2 861 767 B1 of the plaintiff. Likewise, the arrangement of the insulating blocks 142 on the pre-slab 100, resting on the pre-slab 100, or integrated partly or wholly in the thickness of the slab 100, may correspond to that described in the publications FR 2 861 767 B1 and FR 3,004,740 B1 of the plaintiff. In general, the insulating blocks 142 are made of at least one thermally insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane, expanded perlite, cellular concrete, glass wool, rockwool, cellulose or other material at least thermally insulating, presented in particles, balls, fibers, bread or more or less compact block. These thermally insulating materials may further have additional properties and especially fire-resistant, or may be combined with other materials providing these additional properties, such as expanded perlite, ceramic or any other fire-resistant material, presented in particles , in balls, fibers, bread or more or less compact block. The insulating blocks 142 may further be packaged in a protective packaging or the like to protect them from moisture.

The Figures 3A and 3B further illustrate the other right balcony 11 of the figure 1 . It comprises not three but a single thermal breaker 140 disposed inside the surface defined by the predalle 100, parallel to the junction edge 110, slightly recessed and located in its closest environment to be disposed in the immediate vicinity of the outer face of the outer wall 2 to create a thermal break at the balcony-wall-floor junction strongly limiting the formation of a thermal bridge, this thermal break is also discontinuous as explained below. The thermal breaker 140 has a length less than the length of the junction edge 110 of the predalle 100. It is substantially centered on the middle of the balcony 11 to provide at its ends two gaps I thus forming two parallel passages for sets of reinforcement connecting link 150 arranged on the bank of the balcony, along the two free edges of the predalle 100 delimited by the planelles 120, perpendicular to the junction edge 110. In this example, the connecting armatures 150 each comprise several parallel reinforcing bars 151 between them and held together by frame cages 152 positioned one in an interval I and the other at a distance and near the free edge located opposite the junction edge 110. In this example, the breaker thermal 140 comprises a single insulating block 142 or a plurality of insulating blocks 142 arranged side by side, integrated (s) directly into the predalle 100 during its manufacture, with or without supp ort of reception. In this case, the insulating block 142 has a height equal to the thickness of the predalle 100 plus the thickness of the compression slab which will be cast on site to form the balcony slab. Thus, the insulating block 142 passes through the entire thickness of the pre-slab 100 to cut it and achieve a thermal break throughout the thickness of the balcony slab. This configuration makes it possible to further improve the thermal break. The insulating block 142 may be made of one or more different materials, and may comprise one or more superimposed elements, such as, for example, a silico-limestone, ceramic or similar plate, surmounted by a roll of material thermally insulating, to combine fireproof properties and thermal insulation. This example is not limiting and is added to the preceding examples with reference to the description of the Figures 2A and 2B .

In the example shown in Figures 4A and 4B , the balcony 13 is disposed in the extension of a floor 3, between two outer walls 2 distant without carrier between them. It is formed of a predalle 100 whose junction edge 110 is adapted to integrate between the two outer walls 2 and rest or not punctually on the upper arases of the corresponding ends of said walls 2. The balcony 13 is designed according to the example described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B . It thus comprises a discontinuous row of thermal breakers 140 arranged inside the surface delimited by the pre-plate 100, along the junction edge 110, slightly set back, and parallel sets of armatures 150, arranged in the four intervals. I formed between the thermal breakers 140 and at their ends near the two free edges perpendicular to the junction edge 110, this to increase the flexural strength of said balcony 13 given that it rests only punctually on carrier elements of building 1, or on any supporting element.

To the figure 5 building 1 under construction has a corner balcony 14 set back from the frontage. This balcony 14 is not protruding from the facade of building 1 but integrated in the perimeter of building 1. It is designed according to the example described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B , except that the predalle 100 comprises, inside its surface, two discontinuous rows of thermal breakers 140 arranged slightly recessed along the two junction edges 110, which are perpendicular to each other to rest on two outer walls 2 forming a right angle. These two junction edges 110 may not be at right angles according to the architecture of the building 1. The balcony 14 further comprises armature sets 150, arranged in the corresponding gaps I formed between the thermal breakers 140 which have lengths different adapted to the length of the corresponding junction edge 110, to form two networks of reinforcements perpendicular or not depending on the angle between the two outer walls 2. The balcony 14 further comprises two planelles 120 on the two remaining free edges of the predales 100.

To the figure 6 building 1 under construction has a right balcony recessed front or recessed. This balcony 15 is not protruding from the facade of building 1 but integrated into the perimeter of building 1. It is designed according to the example described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B , except that the predalle 100 comprises, inside its surface, three discontinuous rows of thermal breakers 140 arranged slightly recessed along the three junction edges 110, to rest on three outer walls 2 adjacent and arranged two to two a right angle. These three junction edges 110 may not be at right angles two by two according to the architecture of the building 1. It further comprises armature sets 150, arranged in the corresponding gaps I formed between the thermal breakers 140 which have different lengths adapted to the length of the corresponding junction edge 110, to form two perpendicular reinforcement networks. The balcony 15 further comprises a single planelle 120 on the remaining free edge of the predalle 100.

To the figure 7 , the building 1 under construction has a balcony-gateway 16 extending between two buildings 1 or between two parts of the same building 1. It is designed according to the example described with reference to the Figures 2A and 2B , except that the predalle 100 comprises, inside its surface, two discontinuous rows of thermal breakers 140 arranged slightly recessed along the two parallel junction edges 110, to rest on two outer walls 2 parallel. Of course, depending on the architecture of the building, the outer walls 2 are not necessarily parallel to each other. It further comprises armature sets 150, arranged in the corresponding gaps I provided between the thermal breakers 140, to form two parallel grating networks or not depending on the configuration of the gateway balcony 16. The gateway balcony 16 comprises in in addition to two planelles 120 on the two remaining free edges of the predalle 100 which are parallel to each other or not according to the configuration of the balcony-gateway 16.

To the figure 8 , the building 1 under construction comprises a floor-slab 3 'made from slabs 5 resting on pillars 4, the slabs 5 being provided with protruding reinforcement 6 and integrated anti-punching armatures 40. It comprises two balconies 17 salient on the facade of the building 1, whose predalles 100 are arranged in the extension and in the continuity of the slabs 5 of the floor-slabs 3 ', do not rest on any supporting element. Each balcony 17 is designed according to the example described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B and includes reinforcement sets 150 such as those described with reference to Figures 4A and 4B . These sets of reinforcement 150 extend sufficiently far above the slabs 5 of the floor-slab 3 'to ensure good load recovery and counterbalance of each of the balconies 17 thus working cantilever. Each balcony 17 further comprises three planelles 120 on the three free edges of the predalle 100. The floor-slab 3 'can also be cast in place on site in a formwork. In this case, the balconies 17 are entirely prefabricated and reported in the extension and in the continuity of the floor-slab 3 '.

To the figure 9 , the building 1 under construction has a peripheral balcony 18 extending around the building 1. It is designed according to the example described with reference to the Figures 2A and 2B and combines 100 straight slats such as the right balcony 10 and corner slabs 101 as the corner balcony 12. These slabs 100 and 101 are juxtaposed side by side by their respective edges forming joint planes 160. Only the edges free of the peripheral balcony 18 include planelles 120. Thus, when the compression slab is cast in place on the floor 3 and the slabs 100, 101, it forms a continuous flat slab over the entire surface of the floor 3 and the peripheral balcony 18 covering the joint planes 160 and the joining edges 110, considerably limiting the risk of water infiltration. Of course, according to the architecture of building 1, this peripheral balcony 18 may be partial, extending only over part of the periphery of the building or any other possible combination with the other described balconies.

Possibilities of industrial application:

As illustrated by figure 1 a first level of a building 1 is erected and the balconies 10-12 of the first level are positioned with respect to the exterior walls 2. The balconies 10-12 are in the illustrated example made of slabs 100 facilitating the implementation on site. These pre-slabs 100 are advantageously already equipped with receiving supports 141 and / or all or part of the insulating blocks 142 to form the thermal breakers 140 along the junction edge (s) 110, binding frames 150 waiting and planelles 120 on its free edges. The slabs 100 are placed on shoring systems or any similar carrier (not shown) so that their junction edge (s) 110 are (are) arranged in the extension of the slab 3, 3 'while resting or not on the upper edge of outer walls 2. Thus, the linkages 150 which were pending partially overlap the floor 5 of the floor slabs 3. The insulating blocks 142 of the thermal breakers 140 are placed in the reception supports 141, unless they are already integrated in the slabs 100. The slabs 100 may indeed already include insulating blocks 142, with or without a receiving medium, with or without means anti-fire such as silico-limestone plates, as explained previously. Depending on the height of the insulating blocks 142 integrated in the slabs 100, it may be necessary to add a second insulating block 142 superimposed on the first insulating block 142 already integrated. The compression slab can then be poured into a hydraulic material such as concrete to cover in one piece the floor slabs 3 and the slabs 100, 101 of the three balconies 10, 11 and 12 through the intervals I to creating reinforced concrete ribs for mechanically bonding the balconies 10, 11 and 12 to the floor 3 by the connecting plates 150 and covering the junction edges 110 and the joint planes 160. The upper levels of the building 1 can be erected in the same way or according to another technique of construction, with or without balcony, the balconies being identical or not to those of the first level. The outer faces of the outer walls 2 can be insulated by having an insulation layer thermal 8 ( figure 3B ) on the entire height of the building 2. As a result, the building facades 1 are completely isolated and the formation of a thermal bridge to the right of the balconies 10, 11 and 12 is reduced substantially through the incorporation of thermal breakers 140 inside and in the thickness of the slab of the balconies 10, 11 and 12.

It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the goals set, namely a quick and simple process of manufacturing balconies to be implemented on site, in which the balconies provide insulation from the outside of the building. complement the exterior insulation of the exterior walls of the building, without degrading the mechanical characteristics to which the balconies must respond. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art.

Claims (20)

A method of manufacturing a balcony (10-17) having a balcony slab to be disposed outside a building, said balcony slab being provided with at least one joining edge (110) for communicating with a floor (3, 3 ') disposed inside said building (1), characterized in that thermal insulation means are incorporated inside and in the thickness of the balcony slab, immediate proximity and slightly recessed along said at least one joining edge (110) to create at least partly a thermal break between the balcony slab and said building (1), in that one has said means of thermal insulation inside and in the thickness of the balcony slab in a discontinuous manner along said at least one joining edge (110) to create gaps (I) in which bonding frames (150) are positioned. ) for mechanically connecting said balcony slab to said building (1 ), and in that said intervals (I) of hydraulic material are filled during the pouring of the compression slab on said floor and said balcony to form reinforced concrete ribs ensuring a continuous mechanical connection between said balcony and said floor . Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that , to achieve said balcony slab, pouring a hydraulic material into a suitable form, and in that , before the casting of said balcony slab forming a compression slab, said thermal insulation means and said connecting armatures are positioned in said formwork. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that , to achieve said balcony slab, using at least one prefabricated slab called pre-slab (100) comprising at least in part said thermal insulation means and said connecting armature and casting a compression slab in a hydraulic material on said at least one slab (100). Manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that a pre-slab (100) is used comprising planelles (120) vertical on its free edges outside said at least one joining edge, said planelles being arranged to form with the predalle (100) a lost formwork for the compression slab. Manufacturing method according to claim 2, characterized in that one chooses thermal insulation means having a height at most equal to the thickness of the balcony slab. Manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that one chooses thermal insulation means having a height at least equal to the thickness of the compression slab and at most equal to the thickness of the predalle (100 ) plus the thickness of the compression slab. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , to form said thermal insulation means, using a single thermal breaker (140) having a length less than that of said at least one joining edge (110) to provide at its ends two intervals (I). Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that , to form said thermal insulation means, one uses a plurality of thermal breakers (140) aligned in a row parallel to said at least one joining edge (110) and spaced from each other to provide an interval (I) between two consecutive thermal switches (140). Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that each thermal breaker (140) is produced from at least one insulating block (142), housed or not in a receiving medium ( 141). Manufacturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that said thermal breaker (140) and / or said insulating block (142) further comprises fireproof properties. Balcony (10-17) having a balcony slab to be disposed outside a building (1), said balcony slab being provided with at least one joining edge (110) for communicating with a floor (3, 3 ') disposed within the building (1), characterized in that said balcony (10-17) is obtained from the method according to any one of the preceding claims, and in that it comprises thermal insulation means arranged inside and in the thickness of the balcony slab, in close proximity and slightly recessed along said at least one joining edge (110) intended to create at least partly a break thermal bridge between the balcony slab and said building (1) when said balcony is associated with said building (1), said thermal insulation means being arranged inside and in the thickness of the balcony slab discontinuously along said at least one joining edge (110) for creating intervals (I) in which are positioned linkages (150) for mechanically connecting said balcony slab to said building (1), and in that said gaps (I) are filled with hydraulic material during casting of the compression slab on said floor and said balcony to form reinforced concrete ribs providing a continuous mechanical connection between said balcony and said floor. Balcony according to claim 11, characterized in that said balcony slab comprises a slab forming compression slab cast in place in a hydraulic material and comprising said thermal insulation means and said connecting plates. Balcony according to Claim 11, characterized in that the said balcony slab comprises at least one prefabricated slab called a slab (100) comprising at least in part the said thermal insulation means and the said reinforcing bars, and a compression slab cast in a hydraulic material on said at least one slab (100). Balcony according to claim 13, characterized in that the predalle (100) comprises planelles (120) vertical on its free edges outside said at least one joining edge (110). Balcony according to claim 11, characterized in that the thermal insulation means extend over a height at most equal to the thickness of the balcony slab. Balcony according to claim 13, characterized in that the thermal insulation means extend over a height at least equal to the thickness of the compression slab and at most equal to the thickness of the predalle (100) added with the thickness of the compression slab. Balcony according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that said thermal insulation means comprise a single thermal breaker (140) having a length less than that of said at least one junction edge (110) to provide for its ends two intervals (I). Balcony according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that said thermal insulation means comprise a plurality of thermal breakers (140) aligned in a row parallel to said at least one junction edge (110) and distant one of the other to provide an interval (I) between two thermal breakers (140) consecutive. Balcony according to any one of claims 17 and 18, characterized in that each thermal breaker (140) comprises at least one insulating block (142), housed or not in a receiving medium (141). Balcony according to claim 19, characterized in that said thermal breaker (140) and / or said insulating block (142) further comprises fireproof properties.

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