EP3070222A1 - Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element - Google Patents

Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3070222A1
EP3070222A1 EP16160937.5A EP16160937A EP3070222A1 EP 3070222 A1 EP3070222 A1 EP 3070222A1 EP 16160937 A EP16160937 A EP 16160937A EP 3070222 A1 EP3070222 A1 EP 3070222A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
main unit
unit
block
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16160937.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3070222B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Paul Py
Yuraima Benoit
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KP1 SAS
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KP1 SAS
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Publication date
Priority claimed from FR1552193A external-priority patent/FR3033810B1/en
Priority claimed from FR1552191A external-priority patent/FR3033809B1/en
Application filed by KP1 SAS filed Critical KP1 SAS
Publication of EP3070222A1 publication Critical patent/EP3070222A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3070222B1 publication Critical patent/EP3070222B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B2005/322—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building and construction and more particularly to a prefabricated building element such as a beam or a pre-slab.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a construction element.
  • thermal bridges that is to say that of the path of conduction of heat or cold by the continuity of a calorie-conducting material from the outside of the building to the interior. This is particularly the case for floors that form thermal bridges because of their contact with the exterior walls of the building.
  • pre-slabs each comprising a concrete body and at least two fastening bases anchored inside the concrete body and separated from each other by a predefined distance.
  • Each predalle further comprises reinforcements anchored in the corresponding concrete body so as to extend between two consecutive attachment bases.
  • An operator therefore arranges the slabs along a wall and then inserts a block of thermally insulating material in each mounting base.
  • the frames protruding into the building interior are coated so as to be secured to the floor.
  • the frames protruding the other side of the thermally insulating body are then embedded in an external concrete element continuing the construction of the wall. In this way, the floor and the wall are linked and the thermally insulating material blocks arranged between them, via the bases, limit the corresponding thermal bridges.
  • Such layers are for example described in the patent FR 2 861 767 .
  • An object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated building element that allows more efficient handling of thermal bridges including, although not exclusively, between a wall and a floor.
  • An object of the invention is also to provide a method of manufacturing such a construction element.
  • the subject of the invention is a prefabricated building element comprising a concrete body and at least one main thermal insulation unit joined to the concrete body, the main unit being arranged to protrude from an upper face of the concrete body.
  • the prefabricated building element comprises at least one secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit comprising a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin and reinforcements arranged in said block, the block extending contiguous to the main unit so that said main unit is anchored in said specific concrete block.
  • the construction element according to the invention makes it possible to ensure a continuity of the thermal insulation along the entire construction element with an alternation of main thermal insulation zones at the level of the main units and secondary thermal insulation zones at the level of the secondary units. This makes it much easier to deal with thermal bridge problems.
  • the building element of the invention is a predalle, thus ensures a continuity of the thermal insulation of the floor over the entire length of the wall / floor link which limits the thermal bridge wall / floor.
  • the secondary units fulfill both a thermal protection function thanks to the specific concrete block, and both a structural support function thanks to the reinforcements but also to the specific concrete block.
  • the main unit directly serves as a portion of formwork for the manufacture of the secondary unit which simplifies the manufacture of the building element.
  • the main unit thus directly serves as a portion of formwork for the manufacture of the secondary unit which simplifies the manufacture of the building element.
  • the terms “superior”, “lower” ... must be understood according to an operating position of the construction element that is to say once the construction element has been placed on a building under construction (eg when the building element is a slab, the position in service is when the slab is mounted at the portion of the associated wall).
  • the construction element according to the first embodiment of the invention is a pre-slab 1 which therefore aims to treat the thermal bridges between a floor 2 and an adjacent wall 3 audit floor 2.
  • the predalle 1 comprises a concrete body 4 for example of prestressed concrete comprising prestressing cables oriented longitudinally and parallel to each other.
  • the pre-slab 1 furthermore comprises here main units 5 of thermal insulation.
  • the main units 5 are all secured to the concrete body 4 being here anchored therein. More specifically, the main units 5 are here anchored in the concrete body 4 being separated from each other by a predefined distance.
  • the main units 5 are arranged to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4.
  • the main units 5 are shaped so as to extend substantially at least over the entire height of the floor 1. to reduce the thermal bridges between the floor 2 and the adjacent wall.
  • the main units 5 are arranged at the same longitudinal edge 6 of the predalle 1 but with an offset vis-à-vis the longitudinal edge 6. In this way, the main units 5 are here completely coated in the concrete body 4 which ensures good solidarity of the main units 5 to the concrete body 4.
  • the different main units 5 all extend parallel to said longitudinal edge 6 in the same direction X.
  • the main units 5 are shaped so that the upper faces of the main units 5 are substantially at the height of the upper face of the compression slab 14 to be cast on the predalle 1 as we shall see later.
  • the main units 5 of the predalle 1 are all identical to each other and are all separated in pairs by the same distance. Two successive main units 5 therefore define between they have a space at the longitudinal edge 6.
  • Each main unit 5 here comprises a base 10 shaped as an open container, for example of the flower box type.
  • Each base 10 is for example plastic.
  • each base 10 comprises a finger (not visible here) arranged on one of the outer lateral faces of said base 10 and extending longitudinally towards the outside of the base 10, the finger being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive bases 10.
  • each main unit 5 comprises a block of thermally insulating material 7 which is received in the corresponding base 10.
  • Each block 7 is for example nested in the corresponding base 10.
  • the block 7 thus has a substantially parallelepipedal shape corresponding to that of the base 10.
  • Each block 7 is for example mineral wool.
  • the base 10 includes holding means of the block 7 associated in the base 10.
  • the retaining means comprise for example indentations provided in at least two of the inner faces of the base 10 and protruding inwards of the base 10.
  • Each main unit 5 (formed in the present case of a base 10 and a block of thermally insulating material 7) thus forms a thermal breaker for treating the thermal bridge between the floor 2 and the wall 3 as we will see by the following.
  • the predalle 1 here comprises secondary units 8 of thermal insulation.
  • Each secondary unit 8 is here a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin.
  • the specific concrete of each secondary unit 8 is a concrete with a thermal conductivity lower than 0.6 watts per meter-Kelvin, which further reinforces the treatment of thermal bridges by said secondary unit 8.
  • Thermedia concrete is used as concrete (trademark registered by Lafarge).
  • Each secondary unit 8 is arranged between two successive main units 5 of the predalle 1 so as to extend in the direction X.
  • Each secondary unit 8 is anchored in the concrete body 4. In this way, the predalle 1 has parallel to its longitudinal edge 6 a continuous alternation of a main unit 5 and a secondary unit 8.
  • the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation are arranged so as to coat the two respective main units 5 surrounding them. Each main unit 5 is thus anchored at its two outer lateral faces in two successive secondary units 8.
  • the secondary units 8 are arranged to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4.
  • the secondary units 8 are shaped so as to extend substantially further over the entire height of the predalle 1 (this is that is, to the underside of the concrete body 4). This thus makes it possible to reduce the thermal bridges between the floor 2 and the adjacent wall.
  • the secondary units 8 are arranged so as to exceed the same height of the upper face of the concrete body 4 as the main units 5.
  • the secondary units 8 are here shaped so that their upper faces are substantially up to the upper face of the compression slab 14 to be cast on the predalle 1 as we shall see later.
  • the secondary units 8 furthermore comprise armature assemblies 9, each armature assembly being arranged so as to pass through one of the secondary units 8 so that the armatures of this set 9 are projecting on both sides of the frame.
  • associated secondary unit 8 for extend on one side towards the slab 1 above the slab 1 and on the other side towards the wall 2 above at least a portion of the portion of the wall 2 already built as we see it later.
  • Each set of reinforcement 9 is thus anchored in the concrete of the secondary unit 8.
  • the reinforcements of the sets of reinforcements 9 are for example made of steel.
  • the predalle 1 is thus arranged during the construction of the building.
  • the wall 3 is mounted substantially to the level where the floor 2 is intended to be installed.
  • the upper portion of the mounted wall portion 12 has a stop 13 which allows a better connection with the continuation of the wall 3 to build as we will see later.
  • Shoring beams (not visible here) are then positioned against the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 so as to extend normal to said mounted portion 12 so as to support the construction of the floor 2.
  • the predalle 1 is arranged on the beams to delimit the surface of the floor 2.
  • the longitudinal edge 6 of the predalle 1, thus forming in part here one of the banks of the floor 2, is placed on the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 therefore considered to extend parallel to the X direction.
  • figure 1 illustrates the already mounted portion 13 of the wall 3 and said predalle 1.
  • Concrete is also poured over the already existing portion 12 of wall 3 to continue construction wall 3 so that the reinforcements projecting from the other side of the secondary units 8 (and which extend above the portion 12 of the wall 3 already built) are also found embedded in the concrete.
  • the sets of reinforcements 9 are thus anchored in the floor 2 and in the wall 3 which ensures the lift of the floor 2.
  • the bases 10, the main units 5 of thermal insulation and the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation together constitute a formwork portion of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the predalle 1.
  • the implementation the formwork of the compression slab 14 is very simple.
  • the anchoring of the main units 5 to the secondary units 8 also makes it possible to ensure a good formwork of the compression slab 14.
  • thermal bridges that can form between the floor 2 and the wall 3 are thus reduced here along the entire wall 3 considered and substantially the entire height of the floor 1.
  • the joining of the different secondary units 8 and the main units 5 allows both to provide good thermal insulation of the floor 2 at the wall 3 and both to ensure good lift of the floor 2.
  • the secondary units 8 also fulfill a role of structural support thanks to the concrete constituting them and also to the sets of reinforcement 9 which are anchored in these secondary units 8.
  • mineral wool for the blocks 7 of the main units 5 allows, in addition to the thermal insulation function, to fulfill an additional function of fire protection and an additional function of sound insulation .
  • the mounting bases 10 are arranged in a mold for manufacturing the concrete body 4 of the pre-plate 1 so that said The bases 10 are positioned along one of the banks of the manufacturing mold, the bank therefore extending parallel to the direction X.
  • the different bases 10 are separated from each other by a predefined distance identical for all the bases.
  • the finger of each base 10 cleverly facilitates the proper arrangement of the various bases 10 in the manufacturing mold which facilitates the work of the worker.
  • the bases 10 thus rest on the bottom of the mold.
  • a third step one comes to form the space left free between two successive bases 10.
  • a first shuttering element facing the edge of the mold and a second shuttering element facing the future concrete body 4 are arranged, the two shuttering elements thus extending parallel to the X direction.
  • the two main units 5 and the two formwork elements define a substantially parallelepipedal volume.
  • the sets of reinforcements 9 are arranged in the manufacturing mold.
  • the formwork elements comprise orifices adapted to allow the passage of the reinforcements through them or being shaped in the form of a comb for the passage of reinforcement therethrough.
  • the reinforcements in the manufacturing mold before forming the space left free between the two successive bases 10.
  • the formwork elements are for example shaped in the form of a plate.
  • the formwork elements are for example metal material, for example steel, or wood or plastic material.
  • Formwork elements are indifferently reusable or lost items.
  • the concrete is poured into the manufacturing mold.
  • the main units 5 here the bases 10 and the blocks 7) and cleverly serve directly portions of formwork.
  • the predalle 1 thus created and delivered on site is therefore very simple to handle and move which facilitates the task of people working on the site.
  • the predalle 1 thus delivered has already integrated everything at once the structural support frames and both the secondary and main units of thermal insulation.
  • each base 110 is once again shaped into an open container, for example of the flower box type, substantially parallelepiped shape.
  • each base 110 further comprises two additional walls: a first wall 121 extending in the extension of one of the longitudinal walls from a first external lateral face of the base 110 and a second wall 122 extending in the extension of the other of the longitudinal walls of the base 110 from the second external lateral face of the base 110, each wall 121, 122 being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive 110 bases.
  • the bases 110 are arranged one after the other, their longitudinal walls 121, 122 make it possible to directly define the longitudinal formwork of the volume to form to create the secondary units 108 of thermal insulation. This eliminates additional formwork element for the manufacture of the pre-slab 101.
  • the longitudinal walls 121, 122 are adapted to allow the passage of reinforcements through them.
  • the construction element may not be a predalle but for example a beam, a beam ...
  • the building element has been used for the treatment of thermal bridges between the non-load-bearing side of a floor and the wall adjacent to the said bank
  • the building element may be used for treatment of thermal bridges between a bank carrying a floor and a wall adjacent to said bank.
  • the construction element it will be possible to use the construction element to isolate the floor, at its two non-supporting edges, from the adjacent walls and to implement a device of the prior art, such as the element of construction described. in the request FR 2 861 767 , to isolate the floor, at its two supporting banks, from the adjacent walls.
  • the main unit may be different from what has been described.
  • the main unit may not have a mounting base and be for example only consisting of the block of thermally insulating material.
  • the main unit is secured by anchoring to the building element (that is to say by being taken directly into the concrete of the body of the building element), the main unit can be joined together differently to the building element for example by screwing, gluing ... whether or not the main unit has a base.
  • the main unit can thus be secured to the concrete body of the building element once it has already been created or during the formation of the concrete body of the building element.
  • the base may for example be wood or metal material.
  • the base may include anchor feet embedded in the concrete body of the construction element to facilitate the anchoring of the base in said building element.
  • the block of thermally insulating material will not extend over the entire height of the building element but up to a few centimeters above the underside of the building element.
  • the base may also have a shape different from that described.
  • the base may not have a shape of flower box but for example comprise rods extending vertically and in which are pressed blocks of thermally insulating material.
  • the base may include one or more sliding and / or rotating formwork portions between a first position where the portion extends along one of the walls of the base and a second position where the portion extends. in the extension of said wall so as to be deployed to form a formwork portion for pouring specific concrete to form the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support.
  • This wall may be arranged to allow the longitudinal formwork of the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support or to allow the lateral formwork of the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support.
  • the formwork portions may be rigidly fixed to the bases or include means for their nesting on the bases.
  • these formwork portions may be rigidly attached to the blocks of thermally insulating material or comprise means for their nesting on the blocks of thermally insulating material or be pivotally mounted or sliding on the blocks of thermally insulating material.
  • the formwork may be completed by two separate formwork portions as described in the present application, or may be completed by a single formwork portion shaped for example by a jumper comprising two wings each allowing longitudinal formwork of the space left free between main units and a plateau connecting the two wings to secure them together.
  • This tray may either rest at the bottom of the mold or on the contrary overhang the space to form, the tray then of course including an orifice for pouring the specific concrete in space.
  • the blocks can be received in the bases other than by interlocking for example by gluing, screwing ...
  • the block may be in a material different from what has been described for example polystyrene, based on expanded polystyrene, based on mineral wool, based on expanded perlite ...
  • the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support may be different from what has been described.
  • the height of the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support may be different from that of the main unit or the base.
  • the main units and / or the secondary units may also include an additional layer of fire protection such as a mineral wool layer.
  • an additional layer of fire protection such as a mineral wool layer.
  • the block material of the different main units and / or secondary units themselves can provide a fire protection function.
  • reinforcement assemblies With regard to the manufacture of the building element, it will be possible to arrange in a different direction than that described, reinforcement assemblies, main units and formwork elements in the manufacturing mold. It is possible to consider casting the specific concrete before the concrete of the concrete body or simultaneously. We will be able to also first create the concrete body of the building element before joining the main units. It will also be possible to create the concrete body of the building element before creating the secondary units.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de construction préfabriqué (1) comportant un corps en béton (4) et au moins une unité principale (5) d'isolation thermique solidarisée au corps en béton de l'élément de construction, ladite unité principale étant agencée pour dépasser d'une face supérieure du corps en béton. Selon l'invention, l'élément comporte au moins une unité secondaire (8) d'isolation thermique comprenant un bloc en béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin, le bloc s'étendant accolé à l'unité principale de sorte que ladite unité soit également ancrée dans ledit bloc en béton spécifique. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de construction préfabriqué (1).The invention relates to a prefabricated building element (1) comprising a concrete body (4) and at least one main unit (5) of thermal insulation joined to the concrete body of the building element, said main unit being arranged to protrude from an upper face of the concrete body. According to the invention, the element comprises at least one secondary unit (8) of thermal insulation comprising a specific concrete block having a thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin, the extending block contiguous to the main unit so that said unit is also anchored in said specific concrete block. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a prefabricated building element (1).

Description

La présente invention concerne le bâtiment et la construction et plus particulièrement un élément de construction préfabriqué tel qu'une poutre ou encore une prédalle.The present invention relates to building and construction and more particularly to a prefabricated building element such as a beam or a pre-slab.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de construction.The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a construction element.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Il existe deux manières de traiter l'isolation d'un bâtiment, soit en enfermant l'ensemble de la construction dans une enveloppe isolante, soit en pratiquant une isolation à l'intérieur d'un mur dont une face est au contact avec l'atmosphère extérieure.There are two ways of treating the insulation of a building, either by enclosing the entire building in an insulating envelope, or by insulating inside a wall, one side of which is in contact with the building. outside atmosphere.

Dans le cas du traitement de l'isolation par l'intérieur, l'un des principaux problèmes à résoudre est celui posé par les ponts thermiques, c'est-à-dire celui du chemin de conduction de la chaleur ou du froid par la continuité d'un matériau conducteur de calorie depuis l'extérieur du bâtiment jusqu'à l'intérieur. C'est notamment le cas des planchers qui forment des ponts thermiques du fait de leur contact avec les murs extérieurs du bâtiment.In the case of interior insulation treatment, one of the main problems to be solved is that posed by the thermal bridges, that is to say that of the path of conduction of heat or cold by the continuity of a calorie-conducting material from the outside of the building to the interior. This is particularly the case for floors that form thermal bridges because of their contact with the exterior walls of the building.

Pour tenter de traiter ce type de pont thermique mur/plancher, il est connu d'avoir recours à des prédalles comportant chacune un corps en béton et au moins deux embases de fixation ancrées à l'intérieur du corps en béton et séparées entre elles par une distance prédéfinie. Chaque prédalle comporte en outre des armatures ancrées dans le corps en béton correspondant de sorte à s'étendre entre deux embases de fixation consécutives. Un opérateur vient donc agencer les prédalles le long d'un mur puis insère un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant dans chaque embase de fixation. Après coulage de la dalle de compression pour former le plancher, les armatures dépassant vers l'intérieur du bâtiment se trouvent enrobées de sorte à être solidarisées au plancher. Les armatures dépassant de l'autre côté du corps thermiquement isolant sont alors à leur tour noyées dans un élément de béton externe poursuivant la construction du mur. De la sorte, le plancher et le mur se trouvent liés et les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant agencés entre eux, via les embases, limitent les ponts thermiques correspondants.In an attempt to treat this type of thermal bridge wall / floor, it is known to use pre-slabs each comprising a concrete body and at least two fastening bases anchored inside the concrete body and separated from each other by a predefined distance. Each predalle further comprises reinforcements anchored in the corresponding concrete body so as to extend between two consecutive attachment bases. An operator therefore arranges the slabs along a wall and then inserts a block of thermally insulating material in each mounting base. After pouring the compression slab to form the floor, the frames protruding into the building interior are coated so as to be secured to the floor. The frames protruding the other side of the thermally insulating body are then embedded in an external concrete element continuing the construction of the wall. In this way, the floor and the wall are linked and the thermally insulating material blocks arranged between them, via the bases, limit the corresponding thermal bridges.

De telles prédalles sont par exemple décrites dans le brevet FR 2 861 767 .Such layers are for example described in the patent FR 2 861 767 .

Cependant, bien que de telles prédalles simplifient l'isolation mur/plancher, puisque l'opérateur n'a qu'à gérer l'introduction des blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant dans les embases de fixation, le pont thermique demeure relativement élevé du fait des espacements entre les différentes embases de fixation pour laisser passer les armatures, et donc des espacements entre les différents blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant.However, although such pre-slabs simplify the wall / floor insulation, since the operator only has to manage the introduction of thermally insulating material blocks in the fixing bases, the thermal bridge remains relatively high due to spacings between the different mounting bases to let the frames, and therefore spacings between the different blocks of thermally insulating material.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Un but de l'invention est de proposer un élément de construction préfabriqué qui permette de traiter plus efficacement les ponts thermiques notamment, bien que non exclusivement, entre un mur et un plancher. Un but de l'invention est également de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de construction.An object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated building element that allows more efficient handling of thermal bridges including, although not exclusively, between a wall and a floor. An object of the invention is also to provide a method of manufacturing such a construction element.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un élément de construction préfabriqué comportant un corps en béton et au moins une unité principale d'isolation thermique solidarisée au corps en béton, l'unité principale étant agencée pour dépasser d'une face supérieure du corps en béton.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a prefabricated building element comprising a concrete body and at least one main thermal insulation unit joined to the concrete body, the main unit being arranged to protrude from an upper face of the concrete body.

Selon l'invention, l'élément de construction préfabriqué comporte au moins une unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel comprenant un bloc en béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin et des armatures agencées dans ledit bloc, le bloc s'étendant accolé à l'unité principale de sorte que ladite unité principale soit ancrée dans ledit bloc en béton spécifique.According to the invention, the prefabricated building element comprises at least one secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit comprising a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin and reinforcements arranged in said block, the block extending contiguous to the main unit so that said main unit is anchored in said specific concrete block.

Dès lors, l'élément de construction selon l'invention permet d'assurer une continuité de l'isolation thermique sur tout le long de l'élément de construction avec une alternance de zones d'isolation thermique principales au niveau des unités principales et de zones d'isolation thermique secondaires au niveau des unités secondaires. Ceci permet de bien mieux traiter les problèmes de ponts thermiques.Therefore, the construction element according to the invention makes it possible to ensure a continuity of the thermal insulation along the entire construction element with an alternation of main thermal insulation zones at the level of the main units and secondary thermal insulation zones at the level of the secondary units. This makes it much easier to deal with thermal bridge problems.

Dans le cas particulier où l'élément de construction de l'invention est une prédalle, on assure ainsi une continuité de l'isolation thermique du plancher sur toute la longueur de la liaison mur/plancher ce qui limite le pont thermique mur/plancher.In the particular case where the building element of the invention is a predalle, thus ensures a continuity of the thermal insulation of the floor over the entire length of the wall / floor link which limits the thermal bridge wall / floor.

Par ailleurs, on note que les unités secondaires remplissent à la fois une fonction de protection thermique grâce au bloc en béton spécifique, et à la fois une fonction de soutien structurel grâce aux armatures mais également au bloc en béton spécifique.In addition, it is noted that the secondary units fulfill both a thermal protection function thanks to the specific concrete block, and both a structural support function thanks to the reinforcements but also to the specific concrete block.

En outre, l'unité principale permet directement de servir de portion de coffrage pour la fabrication de l'unité secondaire ce qui simplifie la fabrication de l'élément de construction.In addition, the main unit directly serves as a portion of formwork for the manufacture of the secondary unit which simplifies the manufacture of the building element.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction préfabriqué tel que précédemment décrit comportant les étapes de :

  • couler du béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin à l'intérieur d'un espace accolé à au moins une unité principale d'isolation thermique et coffré par au moins ladite unité principale,
  • laisser prendre le béton spécifique pour former une unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel à laquelle l'unité principale est également ancrée.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a prefabricated building element as described above comprising the steps of:
  • pouring specific concrete having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin inside a space contiguous to at least one main thermal insulation unit and encased by at least said main unit,
  • let the specific concrete to form a secondary unit of thermal insulation and support structural unit to which the main unit is also anchored.

L'unité principale permet ainsi directement de servir de portion de coffrage pour la fabrication de l'unité secondaire ce qui simplifie la fabrication de l'élément de construction.The main unit thus directly serves as a portion of formwork for the manufacture of the secondary unit which simplifies the manufacture of the building element.

Bien entendu, les termes de « supérieur », « inférieur » ... doivent être entendus selon une position en service de l'élément de construction c'est-à-dire une fois que l'élément de construction a été posé sur un bâtiment en cours de construction (par exemple lorsque l'élément de construction est une prédalle, la position en service est lorsque la prédalle est montée au niveau de la portion du mur associée).Of course, the terms "superior", "lower" ... must be understood according to an operating position of the construction element that is to say once the construction element has been placed on a building under construction (eg when the building element is a slab, the position in service is when the slab is mounted at the portion of the associated wall).

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below of particular embodiments of the invention.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention agencé à proximité d'une portion de mur,
  • la figure 2 est une vue identique à celle de la figure 1 après coulage de la dalle de compression,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant n'étant pas représentés.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings among which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a building element according to a first embodiment of the invention arranged near a wall portion,
  • the figure 2 is a view identical to that of the figure 1 after pouring the compression slab,
  • the figure 3 is a top view of a building element according to a second embodiment of the invention, the blocks of thermally insulating material not being shown.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

En référence aux figures 1 à 2, l'élément de construction selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention est une prédalle 1 qui vise donc à traiter les ponts thermiques entre un plancher 2 et un mur 3 adjacent audit plancher 2.With reference to Figures 1 to 2 , the construction element according to the first embodiment of the invention is a pre-slab 1 which therefore aims to treat the thermal bridges between a floor 2 and an adjacent wall 3 audit floor 2.

La prédalle 1 comporte un corps en béton 4 par exemple en béton précontraint comprenant des câbles de précontrainte orientés longitudinalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres.The predalle 1 comprises a concrete body 4 for example of prestressed concrete comprising prestressing cables oriented longitudinally and parallel to each other.

La prédalle 1 comprend par ailleurs ici des unités principales 5 d'isolation thermique. Les unités principales 5 sont toutes solidarisées au corps en béton 4 en étant ici ancrées dans celui-ci. Plus précisément, les unités principales 5 sont ici ancrées dans le corps en béton 4 en étant séparées entre elles par une distance prédéfinie. Les unités principales 5 sont agencées de sorte à dépasser de la face supérieure du corps en béton 4. De préférence, les unités principales 5 sont conformées de sorte à s'étendre sensiblement au moins sur toute la hauteur de la prédalle 1. Ceci permet ainsi de bien réduire les ponts thermiques entre le plancher 2 et le mur adjacent.The pre-slab 1 furthermore comprises here main units 5 of thermal insulation. The main units 5 are all secured to the concrete body 4 being here anchored therein. More specifically, the main units 5 are here anchored in the concrete body 4 being separated from each other by a predefined distance. The main units 5 are arranged to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4. Preferably, the main units 5 are shaped so as to extend substantially at least over the entire height of the floor 1. to reduce the thermal bridges between the floor 2 and the adjacent wall.

De façon particulière, les unités principales 5 sont agencées au niveau d'un même bord longitudinal 6 de la prédalle 1 mais avec un décalage vis-à-vis de ce bord longitudinal 6. De la sorte, les unités principales 5 sont ici complétement enrobées dans le corps en béton 4 ce qui assure une bonne solidarisation des unités principales 5 au corps en béton 4. Les différentes unités principales 5 s'étendent toutes parallèlement audit bord longitudinal 6 selon une même direction X.In particular, the main units 5 are arranged at the same longitudinal edge 6 of the predalle 1 but with an offset vis-à-vis the longitudinal edge 6. In this way, the main units 5 are here completely coated in the concrete body 4 which ensures good solidarity of the main units 5 to the concrete body 4. The different main units 5 all extend parallel to said longitudinal edge 6 in the same direction X.

De préférence, les unités principales 5 sont conformées de sorte que les faces supérieures des unités principales 5 se trouvent à hauteur sensiblement de la face supérieure de la dalle de compression 14 destinée à être coulée sur la prédalle 1 comme nous le verrons par la suite. De préférence également, les unités principales 5 de la prédalle 1 sont toutes identiques entre elles et sont toutes séparées deux à deux par une même distance. Deux unités principales 5 successives définissent donc entre elles un espace au niveau du bord longitudinal 6.Preferably, the main units 5 are shaped so that the upper faces of the main units 5 are substantially at the height of the upper face of the compression slab 14 to be cast on the predalle 1 as we shall see later. Also preferably, the main units 5 of the predalle 1 are all identical to each other and are all separated in pairs by the same distance. Two successive main units 5 therefore define between they have a space at the longitudinal edge 6.

Chaque unité principale 5 comporte ici une embase 10 conformée en un contenant ouvert, par exemple de type bac à fleurs. Chaque embase 10 est par exemple en matière plastique. De préférence, chaque embase 10 comporte un doigt (non visible ici) agencé sur l'une des faces latérales externes de ladite embase 10 et s'étendant longitudinalement vers l'extérieur de l'embase 10, le doigt étant conformé pour définir l'intervalle constant entre deux embases 10 consécutives.Each main unit 5 here comprises a base 10 shaped as an open container, for example of the flower box type. Each base 10 is for example plastic. Preferably, each base 10 comprises a finger (not visible here) arranged on one of the outer lateral faces of said base 10 and extending longitudinally towards the outside of the base 10, the finger being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive bases 10.

De façon particulière, chaque unité principale 5 comporte un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant 7 qui est reçu dans l'embase 10 correspondante. Chaque bloc 7 est par exemple emboîté dans l'embase 10 correspondante. Le bloc 7 a donc ici une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique correspondante à celle de l'embase 10.In particular, each main unit 5 comprises a block of thermally insulating material 7 which is received in the corresponding base 10. Each block 7 is for example nested in the corresponding base 10. The block 7 thus has a substantially parallelepipedal shape corresponding to that of the base 10.

Chaque bloc 7 est par exemple en laine minérale.Each block 7 is for example mineral wool.

De préférence, l'embase 10 comporte des moyens de retenu du bloc 7 associé dans l'embase 10. Les moyens de retenu comportent par exemple des indentations prévues dans au moins deux des faces internes de l'embase 10 et saillantes vers l'intérieur de l'embase 10.Preferably, the base 10 includes holding means of the block 7 associated in the base 10. The retaining means comprise for example indentations provided in at least two of the inner faces of the base 10 and protruding inwards of the base 10.

Chaque unité principale 5 (formée dans le cas présent d'une embase 10 et d'un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant 7) forme ainsi un rupteur thermique permettant de traiter le pont thermique entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 comme nous le verrons par la suite.Each main unit 5 (formed in the present case of a base 10 and a block of thermally insulating material 7) thus forms a thermal breaker for treating the thermal bridge between the floor 2 and the wall 3 as we will see by the following.

La prédalle 1 comporte ici des unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique. Chaque unité secondaire 8 est ici un bloc en béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin. De préférence, le béton spécifique de chaque unité secondaire 8 est un béton à conductivité thermique inférieure à 0.6 watt par mètre-kelvin ce qui renforce encore davantage le traitement des ponts thermiques par ladite unité secondaire 8. Par exemple, on utilise comme béton du béton Thermédia (marque déposée par la société Lafarge).The predalle 1 here comprises secondary units 8 of thermal insulation. Each secondary unit 8 is here a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin. Preferably, the specific concrete of each secondary unit 8 is a concrete with a thermal conductivity lower than 0.6 watts per meter-Kelvin, which further reinforces the treatment of thermal bridges by said secondary unit 8. For example, Thermedia concrete is used as concrete (trademark registered by Lafarge).

Chaque unité secondaire 8 est agencée entre deux unités principales 5 successives de la prédalle 1 de sorte à s'étendre selon la direction X. Chaque unité secondaire 8 est ancrée dans le corps en béton 4. De la sorte, la prédalle 1 présente parallèlement à son bord longitudinal 6 une alternance continue d'une unité principale 5 et d'une unité secondaire 8.Each secondary unit 8 is arranged between two successive main units 5 of the predalle 1 so as to extend in the direction X. Each secondary unit 8 is anchored in the concrete body 4. In this way, the predalle 1 has parallel to its longitudinal edge 6 a continuous alternation of a main unit 5 and a secondary unit 8.

Les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique sont agencées de sorte à enrober les deux unités principales 5 respectives les entourant. Chaque unité principale 5 est ainsi ancrée au niveau de ses deux faces latérales externes dans deux unités secondaires 8 successives.The secondary units 8 of thermal insulation are arranged so as to coat the two respective main units 5 surrounding them. Each main unit 5 is thus anchored at its two outer lateral faces in two successive secondary units 8.

Les unités secondaires 8 sont agencées de sorte à dépasser de la face supérieure du corps en béton 4. De préférence, les unités secondaires 8 sont conformées de sorte à s'étendre sensiblement en outre sur toute la hauteur de la prédalle 1 (c'est-à-dire jusqu'à la face inférieure du corps en béton 4). Ceci permet ainsi de bien réduire les ponts thermiques entre le plancher 2 et le mur adjacent.The secondary units 8 are arranged to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4. Preferably, the secondary units 8 are shaped so as to extend substantially further over the entire height of the predalle 1 (this is that is, to the underside of the concrete body 4). This thus makes it possible to reduce the thermal bridges between the floor 2 and the adjacent wall.

De préférence, les unités secondaires 8 sont agencées de sorte à dépasser de la même hauteur de la face supérieure du corps en béton 4 que les unités principales 5. De préférence, les unités secondaires 8 sont donc ici conformées de sorte que leurs faces supérieures soient à hauteur sensiblement de la face supérieure de la dalle de compression 14 destinée à être coulée sur la prédalle 1 comme nous le verrons par la suite.Preferably, the secondary units 8 are arranged so as to exceed the same height of the upper face of the concrete body 4 as the main units 5. Preferably, the secondary units 8 are here shaped so that their upper faces are substantially up to the upper face of the compression slab 14 to be cast on the predalle 1 as we shall see later.

Les unités secondaires 8 comportent en outre des ensembles d'armatures 9, chaque ensemble d'armature étant agencé de sorte à traverser l'une des unités secondaire 8 pour que les armatures de cet ensemble 9 soient saillantes de part et d'autre de l'unité secondaire associée 8 pour s'étendre d'un côté en direction de la prédalle 1 au-dessus de la prédalle 1 et de l'autre côté en direction du mur 2 au-dessus d'au moins une partie de la portion du mur 2 déjà construite comme nous le verrons par la suite. Chaque ensemble d'armature 9 est donc ancré dans le béton de l'unité secondaire 8. Les armatures des ensembles d'armatures 9 sont par exemple en acier.The secondary units 8 furthermore comprise armature assemblies 9, each armature assembly being arranged so as to pass through one of the secondary units 8 so that the armatures of this set 9 are projecting on both sides of the frame. associated secondary unit 8 for extend on one side towards the slab 1 above the slab 1 and on the other side towards the wall 2 above at least a portion of the portion of the wall 2 already built as we see it later. Each set of reinforcement 9 is thus anchored in the concrete of the secondary unit 8. The reinforcements of the sets of reinforcements 9 are for example made of steel.

La prédalle 1 est ainsi agencée au cours de la construction du bâtiment.The predalle 1 is thus arranged during the construction of the building.

A cet effet, le mur 3 est monté jusqu'à sensiblement le niveau où le plancher 2 est destiné à être posé. De préférence, la partie supérieure de la portion de mur montée 12 présente un arrêt 13 qui permet une meilleure jonction avec la suite du mur 3 à construire comme nous le verrons par la suite.For this purpose, the wall 3 is mounted substantially to the level where the floor 2 is intended to be installed. Preferably, the upper portion of the mounted wall portion 12 has a stop 13 which allows a better connection with the continuation of the wall 3 to build as we will see later.

Des poutres d'étaiement (non visibles ici) sont alors positionnées contre la portion montée 12 du mur 3 de sorte à s'étendre à la normale de ladite portion montée 12 afin de servir de support à la construction du plancher 2.Shoring beams (not visible here) are then positioned against the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 so as to extend normal to said mounted portion 12 so as to support the construction of the floor 2.

Puis la prédalle 1 est agencée sur les poutres pour délimiter la surface du plancher 2. Le bord longitudinal 6 de la prédalle 1, formant donc ici en partie l'une des rives du plancher 2, est posée sur la portion montée 12 du mur 3 considéré de sorte donc à s'étendre parallèlement à la direction X. La figure 1 illustre ainsi la portion déjà montée 13 du mur 3 et ladite prédalle 1.Then the predalle 1 is arranged on the beams to delimit the surface of the floor 2. The longitudinal edge 6 of the predalle 1, thus forming in part here one of the banks of the floor 2, is placed on the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 therefore considered to extend parallel to the X direction. figure 1 illustrates the already mounted portion 13 of the wall 3 and said predalle 1.

Dès lors, en référence à la figure 2, il ne reste plus qu'à former la dalle de compression 14 en coulant du béton sur la prédalle 1 de sorte que les armatures en saillie des unités secondaires 8 se retrouvent noyées dans le béton. La dalle de compression 14 est coulée de sorte à venir à hauteur des différentes unités principales 5 et des différentes unités secondaires 8 longeant le mur 3.Therefore, with reference to figure 2 it remains only to form the compression slab 14 by pouring concrete on the pre-slab 1 so that the reinforcements projecting from the secondary units 8 are found embedded in the concrete. The compression slab 14 is poured so as to come up to the different main units 5 and the different secondary units 8 along the wall 3.

Du béton est également coulé au-dessus de la portion 12 de mur 3 déjà existante pour continuer la construction du mur 3 de sorte que les armatures en saillie de l'autre côté des unités secondaires 8 (et qui s'étendent au-dessus de la portion 12 du mur 3 déjà construite) se retrouvent également noyées dans le béton. Les ensembles d'armatures 9 se retrouvent ainsi ancrés dans le plancher 2 et dans le mur 3 ce qui assure la portance du plancher 2.Concrete is also poured over the already existing portion 12 of wall 3 to continue construction wall 3 so that the reinforcements projecting from the other side of the secondary units 8 (and which extend above the portion 12 of the wall 3 already built) are also found embedded in the concrete. The sets of reinforcements 9 are thus anchored in the floor 2 and in the wall 3 which ensures the lift of the floor 2.

Il s'avère donc très simple pour un opérateur de monter un plancher à l'aide des prédalles 1. En effet, l'opérateur n'a qu'à simplement poser les prédalles 1 et à couler directement le béton de la dalle de compression 14 sur les prédalles 1. La livraison sur chantier des prédalles 1 déjà équipées des ensembles d'armatures 9 et des unités principales 5 et secondaires 8 simplifie grandement la pose du plancher 2 par l'opérateur.It is therefore very simple for an operator to assemble a floor using the slabs 1. In fact, the operator simply has to simply lay the slabs 1 and directly pour the concrete of the compression slab 14 on the slabs 1. The delivery on site of the slabs 1 already equipped with sets of frames 9 and the main units 5 and secondary 8 greatly simplifies the laying of the floor 2 by the operator.

De façon avantageuse, les embases 10, les unités principales 5 d'isolation thermique et les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique constituent ensemble une portion de coffrage de la dalle de compression 14 destinée à être coulée sur la prédalle 1. La mise en oeuvre du coffrage de la dalle de compression 14 s'avère très simple. L'ancrage des unités principales 5 aux unités secondaires 8 permet en outre d'assurer un bon coffrage de la dalle de compression 14.Advantageously, the bases 10, the main units 5 of thermal insulation and the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation together constitute a formwork portion of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the predalle 1. The implementation the formwork of the compression slab 14 is very simple. The anchoring of the main units 5 to the secondary units 8 also makes it possible to ensure a good formwork of the compression slab 14.

Par ailleurs, les ponts thermiques susceptibles de se former entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 sont très limités puisque :

  • les unités principales 5 d'isolation thermique forment une barrière d'isolation thermique entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 en étant agencées entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 sur sensiblement toute la hauteur du plancher 2 (comme plus visible à la figure 2), en particulier du fait que les blocs en matériau isolant 7 s'étendent sur toute la hauteur du plancher 2,
  • les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique forment une barrière d'isolation thermique entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 en étant agencées entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 sur sensiblement toute la hauteur du plancher (on rappelle en effet que le béton de chaque unité secondaire 8 est un béton spécifique qui est bien plus isolant thermiquement que les bétons traditionnellement utilisés dans le domaine des bâtiments et qui ont une conductivité thermique d'au moins 2 watts par mètre-kelvin).
Moreover, the thermal bridges that can form between the floor 2 and the wall 3 are very limited since:
  • the main units 5 of thermal insulation form a thermal insulation barrier between the floor 2 and the wall 3 being arranged between the floor 2 and the wall 3 over substantially the entire height of the floor 2 (as more visible in the figure 2 ), in particular because the blocks of insulating material 7 extend over the entire height of the floor 2,
  • the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation form a barrier of thermal insulation between the floor 2 and the wall 3 being arranged between the floor 2 and the wall 3 over substantially the entire height of the floor (it is recalled indeed that the concrete of each secondary unit 8 is a specific concrete which is much more thermally insulating than the concrete traditionally used in the field of buildings and which have a thermal conductivity of at least 2 watts per meter-Kelvin).

Les ponts thermiques susceptibles de se former entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 s'avèrent donc réduits ici sur tout le long du mur 3 considéré et sur sensiblement toute la hauteur du plancher 1.The thermal bridges that can form between the floor 2 and the wall 3 are thus reduced here along the entire wall 3 considered and substantially the entire height of the floor 1.

Par ailleurs, l'accolement des différentes unités secondaires 8 et des unités principales 5 permet à la fois d'assurer une bonne isolation thermique du plancher 2 au niveau du mur 3 et à la fois d'assurer une bonne portance du plancher 2.Furthermore, the joining of the different secondary units 8 and the main units 5 allows both to provide good thermal insulation of the floor 2 at the wall 3 and both to ensure good lift of the floor 2.

On note que les unités secondaires 8 remplissent également un rôle de soutien structurel grâce au béton les constituant et également aux ensembles d'armatures 9 qui sont ancrés dans ces unités secondaires 8.It is noted that the secondary units 8 also fulfill a role of structural support thanks to the concrete constituting them and also to the sets of reinforcement 9 which are anchored in these secondary units 8.

En outre, l'utilisation de la laine minérale pour les blocs 7 des unités principales 5 permet, en plus de la fonction d'isolation thermique, de remplir une fonction supplémentaire de protection contre les incendies ainsi qu'une fonction supplémentaire d'isolation acoustique.In addition, the use of mineral wool for the blocks 7 of the main units 5 allows, in addition to the thermal insulation function, to fulfill an additional function of fire protection and an additional function of sound insulation .

De plus, il est possible de s'affranchir d'un support de lisse classique de l'art antérieur relativement volumineux. Un simple soutien par poutre de la prédalle 1 suffit ici.In addition, it is possible to dispense with a conventional smooth support of the relatively large prior art. A simple beam support of the predalle 1 is sufficient here.

Le procédé de fabrication de la prédalle 1 selon le premier mode de réalisation va être à présent décrit.The manufacturing method of the predalle 1 according to the first embodiment will now be described.

Au cours d'une première étape, les embases 10 de fixation sont agencées dans un moule de fabrication du corps 4 en béton de la prédalle 1 de sorte que lesdites embases 10 se retrouvent positionnées le long d'une des rives du moule de fabrication, rive s'étendant donc parallèlement à la direction X. Les différentes embases 10 sont séparées les unes des autres d'une distance prédéfinie identique pour toutes les embases. Le doigt de chaque embase 10 permet astucieusement de faciliter le bon agencement des différentes embases 10 dans le moule de fabrication ce qui facilite le travail de l'ouvrier. Les embases 10 reposent donc sur le fond du moule.During a first step, the mounting bases 10 are arranged in a mold for manufacturing the concrete body 4 of the pre-plate 1 so that said The bases 10 are positioned along one of the banks of the manufacturing mold, the bank therefore extending parallel to the direction X. The different bases 10 are separated from each other by a predefined distance identical for all the bases. The finger of each base 10 cleverly facilitates the proper arrangement of the various bases 10 in the manufacturing mold which facilitates the work of the worker. The bases 10 thus rest on the bottom of the mold.

Puis, au cours d'une deuxième étape, un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant 7 est inséré dans chaque embase 10 par emboîtement.Then, during a second step, a block of thermally insulating material 7 is inserted into each base 10 by interlocking.

Au cours d'une troisième étape, on vient coffrer l'espace laissé libre entre deux embases 10 successives. A cet effet, on agence, entre chaque couple d'embases 10 successives, un premier élément de coffrage face à la rive du moule et un deuxième élément de coffrage face au futur corps en béton 4, les deux éléments de coffrage s'étendant donc parallèlement à la direction X. Pour chaque couple d'unités principales 5 successives, les deux unités principales 5 et les deux éléments de coffrage définissent un volume sensiblement parallélépipédique.During a third step, one comes to form the space left free between two successive bases 10. For this purpose, between each pair of successive bases 10, a first shuttering element facing the edge of the mold and a second shuttering element facing the future concrete body 4 are arranged, the two shuttering elements thus extending parallel to the X direction. For each pair of successive main units 5, the two main units 5 and the two formwork elements define a substantially parallelepipedal volume.

Au cours d'une quatrième étape, les ensembles d'armatures 9 sont agencés dans le moule de fabrication. A cet effet, les éléments de coffrage comportent des orifices adaptés à autoriser le passage des armatures à travers eux ou étant conformés en forme de peigne pour le passage des armatures à travers eux. En variante on peut bien entendu déjà agencer les armatures dans le moule de fabrication avant de coffrer l'espace laissé libre entre les deux embases 10 successives.During a fourth step, the sets of reinforcements 9 are arranged in the manufacturing mold. For this purpose, the formwork elements comprise orifices adapted to allow the passage of the reinforcements through them or being shaped in the form of a comb for the passage of reinforcement therethrough. Alternatively one can of course already arrange the reinforcements in the manufacturing mold before forming the space left free between the two successive bases 10.

Les éléments de coffrage sont par exemple conformés en forme de plaque. Les éléments de coffrage sont par exemple en matériau métallique, par exemple en acier, ou encore en bois ou en matériau plastique. Les éléments de coffrage sont indifféremment des éléments réutilisables ou perdus.The formwork elements are for example shaped in the form of a plate. The formwork elements are for example metal material, for example steel, or wood or plastic material. Formwork elements are indifferently reusable or lost items.

Au cours d'une cinquième étape, on vient couler le béton dans le moule de fabrication.During a fifth step, the concrete is poured into the manufacturing mold.

On vient ensuite couler le béton spécifique à l'intérieur desdits volumes par le haut pour terminer de remplir lesdits volumes et pour former les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique. Les unités principales 5 (ici les embases 10 ainsi que les blocs 7) servent ainsi astucieusement directement de portions de coffrage.Then the specific concrete is poured inside said volumes from above to finish filling said volumes and to form the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation. The main units 5 (here the bases 10 and the blocks 7) and cleverly serve directly portions of formwork.

On laisse ensuite prendre les deux bétons. Ceci permet d'ancrer les embases 10 d'une part au béton du corps en béton 4 de la prédalle 1 et d'autre part au béton spécifique des unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique. Ceci permet en outre d'ancrer les blocs 7 au béton spécifique des unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique (puisque les blocs 7 servent aussi de portion de coffrage pour la formation des unités secondaires 8). Enfin, ceci permet d'ancrer les ensembles d'armatures 9 aux unités secondaires 8 ainsi qu'au corps en béton 4. Par ailleurs, les unités secondaires 8 s'avèrent ainsi aussi ancrées au corps en béton 4.We let then take the two concretes. This makes it possible to anchor the bases 10 on the one hand to the concrete of the concrete body 4 of the predalle 1 and on the other hand to the specific concrete of the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation. This also makes it possible to anchor the blocks 7 to the specific concrete of the secondary heat insulation units 8 (since the blocks 7 also serve as a formwork portion for the formation of the secondary units 8). Finally, this makes it possible to anchor the sets of reinforcement 9 to the secondary units 8 as well as to the concrete body 4. Moreover, the secondary units 8 are thus also anchored to the concrete body 4.

De la sorte, le corps de la prédalle 1, les unités principales 5 et les unités secondaires 8 ainsi que les ensembles d'armatures 9 s'avèrent solidarisés les uns aux autres.In this way, the body of the predalle 1, the main units 5 and the secondary units 8 and the sets of frames 9 are secured to each other.

La prédalle 1 ainsi créée et livrée sur chantier s'avère donc très simple à manipuler et à déplacer ce qui facilite la tâche des personnes travaillant sur le chantier. La prédalle 1 ainsi livrée présente déjà tout intégré à la fois les armatures de soutien structurel et à la fois les unités secondaires et principales d'isolation thermique.The predalle 1 thus created and delivered on site is therefore very simple to handle and move which facilitates the task of people working on the site. The predalle 1 thus delivered has already integrated everything at once the structural support frames and both the secondary and main units of thermal insulation.

Un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction selon l'invention va être à présent décrit en référence à la figure 3. Les éléments en commun avec le premier mode de réalisation conservent la même numérotation augmentée d'une centaine.A second embodiment of the construction element according to the invention will now be described with reference to the figure 3 . The elements in common with the first embodiment retain the same numbering increased by one hundred.

Chaque embase 110 est encore une fois conformée en un contenant ouvert, par exemple de type bac à fleurs, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique. Toutefois, contrairement au premier mode de réalisation, chaque embase 110 comporte en outre deux parois supplémentaires : une première paroi 121 s'étendant dans le prolongement de l'une des parois longitudinales à partir d'une première face latérale externe de l'embase 110 et une deuxième paroi 122 s'étendant dans le prolongement de l'autre des parois longitudinales de l'embase 110 à partir de la deuxième face latérale externe de l'embase 110, chaque paroi 121, 122 étant conformée pour définir l'intervalle constant entre deux embases 110 consécutives.Each base 110 is once again shaped into an open container, for example of the flower box type, substantially parallelepiped shape. However, unlike the first embodiment, each base 110 further comprises two additional walls: a first wall 121 extending in the extension of one of the longitudinal walls from a first external lateral face of the base 110 and a second wall 122 extending in the extension of the other of the longitudinal walls of the base 110 from the second external lateral face of the base 110, each wall 121, 122 being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive 110 bases.

De la sorte lorsque les embases 110 sont agencées les unes à la suite des autres, leurs parois longitudinales 121, 122 permettent de définir directement les coffrages longitudinales du volume à coffrer pour créer les unités secondaires 108 d'isolation thermique. On s'affranchit ainsi d'élément de coffrage supplémentaire pour la fabrication de la prédalle 101. Bien entendu, les parois longitudinales 121, 122 sont adaptés à autoriser le passage des armatures à travers eux.In this way, when the bases 110 are arranged one after the other, their longitudinal walls 121, 122 make it possible to directly define the longitudinal formwork of the volume to form to create the secondary units 108 of thermal insulation. This eliminates additional formwork element for the manufacture of the pre-slab 101. Of course, the longitudinal walls 121, 122 are adapted to allow the passage of reinforcements through them.

Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et on peut y apporter des variantes de réalisation sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and variant embodiments can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

En particulier, l'élément de construction pourra ne pas être une prédalle mais par exemple une poutre, une poutrelle ...In particular, the construction element may not be a predalle but for example a beam, a beam ...

En outre, bien qu'ici l'élément de construction ait été utilisé pour le traitement de ponts thermiques entre la rive non porteuse d'un plancher et le mur adjacent à ladite rive, l'élément de construction pourra être utilisé pour le traitement de ponts thermiques entre une rive porteuse d'un plancher et un mur adjacent à ladite rive. Pour un même bâtiment, on pourra utiliser l'élément de construction pour isoler le plancher, au niveau de ses deux rives non porteuses, des murs adjacents et mettre en oeuvre un dispositif de l'art antérieur, telle que l'élément de construction décrit dans la demande FR 2 861 767 , pour isoler le plancher, au niveau de ses deux rives porteuses, des murs adjacents.In addition, although here the building element has been used for the treatment of thermal bridges between the non-load-bearing side of a floor and the wall adjacent to the said bank, the building element may be used for treatment of thermal bridges between a bank carrying a floor and a wall adjacent to said bank. For the same building, it will be possible to use the construction element to isolate the floor, at its two non-supporting edges, from the adjacent walls and to implement a device of the prior art, such as the element of construction described. in the request FR 2 861 767 , to isolate the floor, at its two supporting banks, from the adjacent walls.

L'unité principale pourra être différente de ce qui a été décrit. En particulier, l'unité principale pourra ne pas comporter d'embase de fixation et être par exemple seulement constituée du bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant. Bien qu'ici l'unité principale soit solidarisée par ancrage à l'élément de construction (c'est-à-dire en étant directement prise dans le béton du corps de l'élément de construction), l'unité principale pourra être solidarisée différemment à l'élément de construction par exemple par vissage, collage ... que l'unité principale comporte ou non une embase. L'unité principale pourra ainsi être solidarisée au corps en béton de l'élément de construction une fois celui-ci déjà créé ou au cours de la formation du corps en béton de l'élément de construction.The main unit may be different from what has been described. In particular, the main unit may not have a mounting base and be for example only consisting of the block of thermally insulating material. Although here the main unit is secured by anchoring to the building element (that is to say by being taken directly into the concrete of the body of the building element), the main unit can be joined together differently to the building element for example by screwing, gluing ... whether or not the main unit has a base. The main unit can thus be secured to the concrete body of the building element once it has already been created or during the formation of the concrete body of the building element.

Si l'unité principale comporte une embase, l'embase pourra par exemple être en bois ou en matériau métallique.If the main unit has a base, the base may for example be wood or metal material.

L'embase pourra comporter des pieds d'ancrage noyés dans le corps en béton de l'élément de construction pour faciliter l'ancrage de l'embase dans ledit élément de construction. Dans ce cas, le bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant ne s'étendra pas sur toute la hauteur de l'élément de construction mais jusqu'à quelques centimètres au-dessus de la face inférieure de l'élément de construction.The base may include anchor feet embedded in the concrete body of the construction element to facilitate the anchoring of the base in said building element. In this case, the block of thermally insulating material will not extend over the entire height of the building element but up to a few centimeters above the underside of the building element.

L'embase pourra également avoir une forme différente de celle décrite. L'embase pourra ne pas avoir une forme de bac à fleurs mais par exemple comporter des tiges s'étendant verticalement et dans lesquelles sont enfoncés les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant.The base may also have a shape different from that described. The base may not have a shape of flower box but for example comprise rods extending vertically and in which are pressed blocks of thermally insulating material.

Par exemple, l'embase pourra comporter une ou des portions de coffrage coulissantes et/ou rotatives entre une première position où la portion s'étend le long d'une des parois de l'embase et une deuxième position où la portion s'étend dans le prolongement de ladite paroi de manière à être déployée pour former une portion de coffrage pour le coulage du béton spécifique permettant de former l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel. Cette paroi pourra être agencée pour permettre le coffrage longitudinal de l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel ou pour permettre le coffrage latéral de l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel. En variante, les portions de coffrage pourront être rigidement fixées aux embases ou bien comprendre des moyens de leur emboîtement sur les embases. Selon une autre variante, ces portions de coffrage pourront être rigidement fixées aux blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant ou bien comprendre des moyens de leur emboîtement sur les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant ou bien être montés pivotant ou coulissant sur les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant.For example, the base may include one or more sliding and / or rotating formwork portions between a first position where the portion extends along one of the walls of the base and a second position where the portion extends. in the extension of said wall so as to be deployed to form a formwork portion for pouring specific concrete to form the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support. This wall may be arranged to allow the longitudinal formwork of the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support or to allow the lateral formwork of the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support. Alternatively, the formwork portions may be rigidly fixed to the bases or include means for their nesting on the bases. According to another variant, these formwork portions may be rigidly attached to the blocks of thermally insulating material or comprise means for their nesting on the blocks of thermally insulating material or be pivotally mounted or sliding on the blocks of thermally insulating material.

Le coffrage pourra être achevé par deux portions de coffrage distinctes comme décrit dans la présente demande, ou pourra être achevé par une seule portion de coffrage conformée par exemple en un cavalier comprenant deux ailes permettant chacune le coffrage longitudinal de l'espace laissé libre entre les unités principales et un plateau reliant les deux ailes pour les solidariser entre elles. Ce plateau pourra soit reposer au niveau du fond du moule soit au contraire surplomber l'espace à coffrer, le plateau comprenant alors bien entendu un orifice pour le versement du béton spécifique dans l'espace.The formwork may be completed by two separate formwork portions as described in the present application, or may be completed by a single formwork portion shaped for example by a jumper comprising two wings each allowing longitudinal formwork of the space left free between main units and a plateau connecting the two wings to secure them together. This tray may either rest at the bottom of the mold or on the contrary overhang the space to form, the tray then of course including an orifice for pouring the specific concrete in space.

Dans tous les cas le ou les portions de coffrage seront bien entendu aptes à recevoir les armatures à travers eux.In any case the formwork portion or portions will of course be able to receive the frames through them.

Les blocs pourront être reçus dans les embases autrement que par emboîtement par exemple par collage, vissage ...The blocks can be received in the bases other than by interlocking for example by gluing, screwing ...

Le bloc pourra être dans un matériau différent de ce qui a été décrit par exemple à base de polystyrène, à base de polystyrène expansé, à base de laine minérale, à base de perlite expansée ...The block may be in a material different from what has been described for example polystyrene, based on expanded polystyrene, based on mineral wool, based on expanded perlite ...

Par ailleurs, l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel pourra être différente de ce qui a été décrit. En particulier, la hauteur de l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel pourra être différente de celle de l'unité principale ou de l'embase.In addition, the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support may be different from what has been described. In particular, the height of the secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support may be different from that of the main unit or the base.

Les unités principales et/ou les unités secondaires pourront également comporter une couche supplémentaire de protection contre les incendies comme par exemple une couche en laine minérale. En variante, le matériau des blocs des différentes unités principales et/ou unités secondaires pourront eux-mêmes assurer une fonction de protection contre les incendies.The main units and / or the secondary units may also include an additional layer of fire protection such as a mineral wool layer. Alternatively, the block material of the different main units and / or secondary units themselves can provide a fire protection function.

En outre, dans le cas du plancher, bien qu'ici le béton soit d'abord coulé au niveau du plancher avant d'être coulé au niveau du mur, on pourra bien entendu couler d'abord le béton au niveau du mur pour poursuivre la construction du mur avant de couler le béton au niveau du plancher.In addition, in the case of the floor, although here the concrete is first poured at the floor before being poured at the wall, it will of course be possible to pour the concrete first at the wall to continue the construction of the wall before pouring concrete at floor level.

De même en ce qui concerne la fabrication de l'élément de construction, on pourra agencer dans un sens différent que celui décrit, ensembles d'armatures, unités principales et éléments de coffrage dans le moule de fabrication. On pourra envisager de couler le béton spécifique avant le béton du corps en béton ou simultanément. On pourra également d'abord créer le corps en béton de l'élément de construction avant d'y solidariser les unités principales. On pourra également d'abord créer le corps en béton de l'élément de construction avant de créer les unités secondaires.Similarly with regard to the manufacture of the building element, it will be possible to arrange in a different direction than that described, reinforcement assemblies, main units and formwork elements in the manufacturing mold. It is possible to consider casting the specific concrete before the concrete of the concrete body or simultaneously. We will be able to also first create the concrete body of the building element before joining the main units. It will also be possible to create the concrete body of the building element before creating the secondary units.

Claims (7)

Elément de construction préfabriqué (1 ; 101) comportant un corps en béton (4) et au moins une unité principale (5 ; 105) d'isolation thermique solidarisée au corps en béton, l'unité principale étant agencée pour dépasser d'une face supérieure du corps en béton, l'élément étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une unité secondaire (8 ; 108) d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel comprenant un bloc en béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin et des armatures agencées dans ledit bloc, le bloc s'étendant accolé à l'unité principale de sorte que ladite unité soit ancrée dans ledit bloc en béton spécifique.Prefabricated building element (1; 101) comprising a concrete body (4) and at least one main unit (5; 105) of thermal insulation joined to the concrete body, the main unit being arranged to protrude from one side upper part of the concrete body, the element being characterized in that it comprises at least one secondary unit (8; 108) of thermal insulation and structural support comprising a specific concrete block having a thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per Kelvin meter and armatures arranged in said block, the block extending attached to the main unit so that said unit is anchored in said specific concrete block. Elément selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le bloc (7) en matériau thermiquement isolant est en laine minérale.Element according to claim 1, wherein the block (7) of thermally insulating material is mineral wool. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, dans lequel le béton du bloc de l'unité secondaire (8 ; 108) est un béton à conductivité thermique inférieure à 0.6 watt par mètre-kelvin.Element according to one of Claims 1 to 2, in which the concrete of the block of the secondary unit (8; 108) is a concrete with a thermal conductivity lower than 0.6 watts per meter-Kelvin. Elément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'unité secondaire (8 ; 108) est agencée de sorte à dépasser de la même hauteur de la face supérieure du corps en béton (4) que l'unité principale (5 ; 105).Element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the secondary unit (8; 108) is arranged to protrude from the same height of the upper face of the concrete body (4) as the main unit (5). 105). Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de construction est une prédalle (1 ; 101).Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the construction element is a predalle (1; 101). Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité principale (5 ; 105) est ancrée dans le corps en béton (4).Element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the main unit (5; 105) is anchored in the concrete body (4). Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction préfabriqué (1 ; 101) selon l'une des revendications précédentes comportant les étapes de : - couler du béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin à l'intérieur d'un espace accolé à au moins une unité principale et coffré par ladite unité principale, - laisser prendre le béton spécifique pour former une unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel à laquelle l'unité principale est également ancrée. A method of manufacturing a prefabricated building element (1; 101) according to one of the preceding claims comprising the steps of: pouring specific concrete having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin inside a space contiguous to at least one main unit and sealed by said main unit, - let the specific concrete to form a secondary unit of thermal insulation and structural support to which the main unit is also anchored.
EP16160937.5A 2015-03-17 2016-03-17 Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element Active EP3070222B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1552193A FR3033810B1 (en) 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 METHOD OF PROCESSING THERMAL BRIDGES, THERMAL INSULATION ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL BONDING ELEMENT AND PREDALLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENTS.
FR1552191A FR3033809B1 (en) 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 METHOD OF PROCESSING THERMAL BRIDGES, THERMAL INSULATION ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL BONDING ELEMENT AND PREDALLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENTS.

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EP3070222B1 EP3070222B1 (en) 2022-11-09

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FR3076309B1 (en) * 2017-12-29 2020-01-10 Omnium Technique D'etudes Et De Precontrainte INSULATING EDGE TAPE PREDALLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FLOOR WITH A THERMAL BRIDGE BREAK

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2861767A1 (en) 2003-10-31 2005-05-06 Rector Thermal break for concrete floor has insulating blocks with supports to hold it in predetermined position while concrete is being poured
FR2887905A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-05 Lafarge Sa THERMAL BREAKER
FR2941725A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-06 Fabemi Gestion Parallelepiped block shaped thermal insulation element for construction block of e.g. longitudinal wall of concrete floor in building, has openings formed from lower and outer faces to open into housing to define assembling wall with block

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DE19711187A1 (en) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-24 Schoeck Bauteile Gmbh Thermal insulation system
FR2995330B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-09-05 Kp1 CONCRETE PREDALLE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING FLOORS

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2861767A1 (en) 2003-10-31 2005-05-06 Rector Thermal break for concrete floor has insulating blocks with supports to hold it in predetermined position while concrete is being poured
FR2887905A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-05 Lafarge Sa THERMAL BREAKER
FR2941725A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-06 Fabemi Gestion Parallelepiped block shaped thermal insulation element for construction block of e.g. longitudinal wall of concrete floor in building, has openings formed from lower and outer faces to open into housing to define assembling wall with block

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ES2936722T3 (en) 2023-03-21
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EP3070222B1 (en) 2022-11-09
FR3033811A1 (en) 2016-09-23

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