EP3070222B1 - Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element - Google Patents

Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3070222B1
EP3070222B1 EP16160937.5A EP16160937A EP3070222B1 EP 3070222 B1 EP3070222 B1 EP 3070222B1 EP 16160937 A EP16160937 A EP 16160937A EP 3070222 B1 EP3070222 B1 EP 3070222B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
main unit
slab
unit
units
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EP16160937.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3070222A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Paul Py
Yuraima Benoit
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KP1 SAS
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KP1 SAS
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Priority claimed from FR1552191A external-priority patent/FR3033809B1/en
Priority claimed from FR1552193A external-priority patent/FR3033810B1/en
Application filed by KP1 SAS filed Critical KP1 SAS
Publication of EP3070222A1 publication Critical patent/EP3070222A1/en
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Publication of EP3070222B1 publication Critical patent/EP3070222B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B2005/322—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building and construction and more particularly to a prefabricated construction element such as a beam or even a pre-slab.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a construction element.
  • thermal bridges that is to say that of the path of conduction of heat or cold by the continuity of a heat-conducting material from the exterior of the building to the interior. This is particularly the case for floors which form thermal bridges due to their contact with the exterior walls of the building.
  • pre-slabs each comprising a concrete body and at least two fixing bases anchored inside the concrete body and separated from each other by a predefined distance.
  • Each pre-slab further comprises reinforcements anchored in the corresponding concrete body so as to extend between two consecutive fixing bases.
  • An operator therefore arranges the pre-slabs along a wall and then inserts a block of thermally insulating material into each fixing base.
  • the reinforcements protruding towards the inside of the building are coated so as to be secured to the floor.
  • Reinforcements protruding from the other side of the thermally insulating body are then in turn embedded in an external concrete element continuing the construction of the wall. In this way, the floor and the wall are linked and the blocks of thermally insulating material arranged between them, via the bases, limit the corresponding thermal bridges.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated building element which makes it possible to deal more effectively with thermal bridges, in particular, although not exclusively, between a wall and a floor.
  • An object of the invention is also to propose a method of manufacturing such a construction element.
  • the subject of the invention is a prefabricated construction element with the characteristics of claim 1, comprising a concrete body and at least one main thermal insulation unit secured to the concrete body, the main unit being arranged to protrude from an upper face of the concrete body.
  • the prefabricated construction element comprises at least one secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit comprising a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per Kelvin meter and reinforcements arranged in said block, the block extending contiguous to the main unit so that said main unit is anchored in said specific concrete block.
  • the construction element according to the invention makes it possible to ensure continuity of the thermal insulation over the entire length of the construction element with an alternation of main thermal insulation zones at the level of the main units and of secondary thermal insulation zones at secondary units. This makes it possible to deal much better with the problems of thermal bridges.
  • the construction element of the invention is a pre-slab
  • continuity of the thermal insulation of the floor is thus ensured over the entire length of the wall/floor connection, which limits the wall/floor thermal bridge.
  • the secondary units perform both a thermal protection function thanks to the specific concrete block, and both a structural support function thanks to the reinforcements but also to the specific concrete block.
  • the main unit makes it possible directly to serve as a formwork portion for the manufacture of the secondary unit, which simplifies the manufacture of the construction element.
  • the main unit thus makes it possible directly to serve as a formwork portion for the manufacture of the secondary unit, which simplifies the manufacture of the construction element.
  • the terms “upper”, “lower” ... must be understood according to a position in service of the construction element, that is to say once the construction element has been placed on a building under construction (for example when the construction element is a pre-slab, the position in service is when the pre-slab is mounted at the level of the associated portion of the wall).
  • the construction element according to the first embodiment of the invention is a pre-slab 1 which therefore aims to treat the thermal bridges between a floor 2 and an adjacent wall 3 said floor 2.
  • the pre-slab 1 comprises a concrete body 4, for example of prestressed concrete comprising prestressing cables oriented longitudinally and parallel to each other.
  • the pre-slab 1 also comprises here main units 5 of thermal insulation.
  • the main units 5 are all secured to the concrete body 4 by being here anchored therein. More precisely, the main units 5 are here anchored in the concrete body 4 by being separated from each other by a predefined distance.
  • the main units 5 are arranged so as to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4.
  • the main units 5 are shaped so as to extend substantially at least over the entire height of the pre-slab 1. This thus allows to significantly reduce thermal bridges between floor 2 and the adjacent wall.
  • the main units 5 are arranged at the same longitudinal edge 6 of the pre-slab 1 but with an offset vis-à-vis this longitudinal edge 6. In this way, the main units 5 are here completely coated in the concrete body 4 which ensures good attachment of the main units 5 to the concrete body 4.
  • the various main units 5 all extend parallel to said longitudinal edge 6 in the same direction X.
  • the main units 5 are shaped so that the upper faces of the main units 5 are at substantially height of the upper face of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the pre-slab 1 as we will see later.
  • the main units 5 of the pre-slab 1 are all identical to one another and are all separated two by two by the same distance. Two successive main units 5 therefore define between they have a space at the longitudinal edge 6.
  • Each main unit 5 here comprises a base 10 shaped as an open container, for example of the flower box type.
  • Each base 10 is for example made of plastic material.
  • each base 10 includes a finger (not visible here) arranged on one of the outer side faces of said base 10 and extending longitudinally outward from the base 10, the finger being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive bases 10.
  • each main unit 5 comprises a block of thermally insulating material 7 which is received in the corresponding base 10.
  • Each block 7 is for example nested in the corresponding base 10.
  • the block 7 therefore here has a substantially parallelepipedic shape corresponding to that of the base 10.
  • Each block 7 is for example made of mineral wool.
  • the base 10 comprises means for retaining the associated block 7 in the base 10.
  • the retaining means comprise for example indentations provided in at least two of the internal faces of the base 10 and projecting inwards. of the base 10.
  • Each main unit 5 (formed in the present case of a base 10 and a block of thermally insulating material 7) thus forms a thermal breaker making it possible to treat the thermal bridge between the floor 2 and the wall 3 as we will see by the following.
  • the pre-slab 1 here comprises secondary units 8 of thermal insulation.
  • Each secondary unit 8 is here a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin.
  • the concrete specific to each secondary unit 8 is a concrete with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.6 watt per meter-kelvin, which further reinforces the treatment of thermal bridges by said secondary unit.
  • thermedia concrete (trademark registered by the company Lafarge) is used as concrete.
  • Each secondary unit 8 is arranged between two successive main units 5 of the pre-slab 1 so as to extend along the direction X.
  • Each secondary unit 8 is anchored in the concrete body 4. In this way, the pre-slab 1 presents parallel to its longitudinal edge 6 a continuous alternation of a main unit 5 and a secondary unit 8.
  • the secondary thermal insulation units 8 are arranged so as to coat the two respective main units 5 surrounding them. Each main unit 5 is thus anchored at its two outer side faces in two successive secondary units 8.
  • the secondary units 8 are arranged so as to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4.
  • the secondary units 8 are shaped so as to extend substantially further over the entire height of the pre-slab 1 (That is to say to the underside of the concrete body 4). This thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the thermal bridges between the floor 2 and the adjacent wall.
  • the secondary units 8 are arranged so as to protrude by the same height from the upper face of the concrete body 4 as the main units 5.
  • the secondary units 8 are therefore here shaped so that their upper faces are substantially up to the upper face of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the pre-slab 1 as we will see later.
  • the secondary units 8 further comprise sets of frames 9, each set of frames being arranged so as to pass through one of the secondary units 8 so that the frames of this set 9 project on either side of the associated secondary unit 8 for extend on one side towards pre-slab 1 above pre-slab 1 and on the other side towards wall 2 above at least part of the portion of wall 2 already built as we are we will see it later.
  • Each set of reinforcement 9 is therefore anchored in the concrete of the secondary unit 8.
  • the reinforcements of the sets of reinforcements 9 are for example made of steel.
  • the pre-slab 1 is thus arranged during the construction of the building.
  • the wall 3 is mounted up to substantially the level where the floor 2 is intended to be laid.
  • the upper part of the mounted wall portion 12 has a stop 13 which allows a better connection with the rest of the wall 3 to be built as we will see later.
  • beams are then positioned against the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 so as to extend normal to said mounted portion 12 in order to serve as a support for the construction of the floor 2.
  • the pre-slab 1 is arranged on the beams to delimit the surface of the floor 2.
  • the longitudinal edge 6 of the pre-slab 1, thus forming here in part one of the edges of the floor 2, is placed on the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 considered so as to extend parallel to the X direction.
  • figure 1 thus illustrates the already mounted portion 13 of the wall 3 and said pre-slab 1.
  • the compression slab 14 by pouring concrete on the pre-slab 1 so that the projecting reinforcements of the secondary units 8 are embedded in the concrete.
  • the compression slab 14 is cast so as to come level with the various main units 5 and the various secondary units 8 running along the wall 3.
  • Concrete is also poured above the already existing portion 12 of wall 3 to continue the construction of the wall 3 so that the frames projecting from the other side of the secondary units 8 (and which extend above the portion 12 of the wall 3 already built) are also embedded in the concrete.
  • the sets of frames 9 are thus anchored in the floor 2 and in the wall 3 which ensures the bearing capacity of the floor 2.
  • the bases 10, the main thermal insulation units 5 and the secondary thermal insulation units 8 together constitute a formwork portion of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the pre-slab 1.
  • formwork of the compression slab 14 is very simple.
  • the anchoring of the main units 5 to the secondary units 8 also makes it possible to ensure good formwork for the compression slab 14.
  • the thermal bridges likely to form between the floor 2 and the wall 3 therefore prove to be reduced here along the entire length of the wall 3 considered and over substantially the entire height of the floor 1.
  • the adjoining of the various secondary units 8 and the main units 5 makes it possible both to ensure good thermal insulation of the floor 2 at the level of the wall 3 and at the same time to ensure good bearing capacity of the floor 2.
  • the secondary units 8 also fulfill a role of structural support thanks to the concrete constituting them and also to the sets of reinforcements 9 which are anchored in these secondary units 8.
  • mineral wool for the 7 blocks of the 5 main units allows, in addition to the thermal insulation function, to perform an additional fire protection function as well as an additional sound insulation function .
  • the fixing bases 10 are arranged in a mold for manufacturing the concrete body 4 of the pre-slab 1 so that said bases 10 are positioned along one of the edges of the manufacturing mould, the edge therefore extending parallel to the direction X.
  • the different bases 10 are separated from each other by an identical predefined distance for all the bases.
  • the finger of each base 10 cleverly facilitates the correct arrangement of the different bases 10 in the manufacturing mold, which facilitates the work of the worker.
  • the bases 10 therefore rest on the bottom of the mold.
  • the space left free between two successive bases 10 is cased.
  • a first formwork element facing the edge of the mold and a second formwork element facing the future concrete body 4 are arranged, the two formwork elements therefore extending parallel to the direction X.
  • the two main units 5 and the two formwork elements define a substantially parallelepipedal volume.
  • the sets of frames 9 are arranged in the manufacturing mold.
  • the formwork elements comprise orifices adapted to allow the passage of the reinforcements through them or being shaped in the form of a comb for the passage of the reinforcements through them.
  • the formwork elements are for example shaped in the form of a plate.
  • the formwork elements are for example made of metallic material, for example steel, or even wood or plastic material. formwork elements are either reusable or lost items.
  • the concrete is poured into the manufacturing mould.
  • the specific concrete is then poured inside said volumes from above to finish filling said volumes and to form the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation.
  • the main units 5 here the bases 10 as well as the blocks 7) thus cleverly serve directly as formwork portions.
  • the two concretes are then allowed to set.
  • This makes it possible to anchor the bases 10 on the one hand to the concrete of the concrete body 4 of the pre-slab 1 and on the other hand to the specific concrete of the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation.
  • This also makes it possible to anchor the blocks 7 to the specific concrete of the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation (since the blocks 7 also serve as formwork portion for the formation of the secondary units 8).
  • this makes it possible to anchor the sets of reinforcements 9 to the secondary units 8 as well as to the concrete body 4.
  • the secondary units 8 are thus also found to be anchored to the concrete body 4.
  • the pre-slab 1 thus created and delivered to the site therefore proves to be very simple to handle and to move, which facilitates the task of the people working on the site.
  • the pre-slab 1 thus delivered already has everything integrated, both the structural support reinforcements and both the secondary and main thermal insulation units.
  • a second embodiment of the construction element according to the invention will now be described with reference to the picture 3 .
  • the elements in common with the first embodiment retain the same numbering increased by one hundred.
  • Each base 110 is again shaped into an open container, for example of the flower box type, of substantially parallelepiped shape.
  • each base 110 further comprises two additional walls: a first wall 121 extending in the extension of one of the longitudinal walls from a first external side face of the base 110 and a second wall 122 extending in the extension of the other of the longitudinal walls of the base 110 from the second outer side face of the base 110, each wall 121, 122 being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive 110 bases.
  • the bases 110 are arranged one after the other, their longitudinal walls 121, 122 make it possible to directly define the longitudinal formwork of the volume to be formed to create the secondary units 108 of thermal insulation. This eliminates the need for an additional formwork element for the manufacture of the pre-slab 101.
  • the longitudinal walls 121, 122 are adapted to allow reinforcement to pass through them.
  • the construction element may not be a pre-slab but for example a beam, a joist
  • the construction element was used for the treatment of thermal bridges between the non-load-bearing edge of a floor and the wall adjacent to said edge
  • the construction element could be used for the treatment of thermal bridges between a bearing edge of a floor and a wall adjacent to said edge.
  • the construction element can be used to insulate the floor, at its two non-load-bearing edges, from the adjacent walls and to implement a device of the prior art, such as the construction element described in the request FR 2 861 767 , to insulate the floor, at its two load-bearing edges, from the adjacent walls.
  • the main unit may be different from what has been described.
  • the main unit may not include a fixing base and may for example only consist of the block made of thermally insulating material.
  • the main unit is secured by anchoring to the construction element (that is to say by being directly taken into the concrete of the body of the construction element)
  • the main unit can be secured differently to the construction element, for example by screwing, gluing, etc., whether or not the main unit comprises a base.
  • the main unit can thus be secured to the concrete body of the construction element once the latter has already been created or during the formation of the concrete body of the construction element.
  • the base may for example be made of wood or of metallic material.
  • the base may include anchoring feet embedded in the concrete body of the construction element to facilitate the anchoring of the base in said construction element.
  • the block of thermally insulating material will not extend over the entire height of the construction element but up to a few centimeters above the underside of the construction element.
  • the base may also have a shape different from that described.
  • the base may not have a shape of flower box but for example comprise rods extending vertically and in which the blocks of thermally insulating material are inserted.
  • the base may comprise one or more sliding and/or rotating formwork portions between a first position where the portion extends along one of the walls of the base and a second position where the portion extends in the extension of said wall so as to be deployed to form a portion of formwork for pouring the specific concrete making it possible to form the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit.
  • This wall may be arranged to allow the longitudinal formwork of the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit or to allow the lateral formwork of the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit.
  • the formwork portions may be rigidly fixed to the bases or else include means for their interlocking on the bases.
  • these formwork portions may be rigidly fixed to the blocks made of thermally insulating material or else comprise means for their interlocking on the blocks made of thermally insulating material or else be mounted pivoting or sliding on the blocks made of thermally insulating material.
  • the formwork may be completed by two separate formwork portions as described in the present application, or may be completed by a single formwork portion shaped for example into a rider comprising two wings each allowing the longitudinal formwork of the space left free between the main units and a plate connecting the two wings to secure them together.
  • This tray can either rest at the bottom of the mold or on the contrary overhang the space to be formed, the tray then of course comprising an orifice for the pouring of the specific concrete into the space.
  • the formwork portion(s) will of course be capable of receiving the reinforcements through them.
  • the blocks can be received in the bases other than by interlocking, for example by gluing, screwing, etc.
  • the block may be in a different material from what has been described, for example based on polystyrene, based on expanded polystyrene, based on mineral wool, based on expanded perlite, etc.
  • the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit may be different from what has been described.
  • the height of the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit may be different from that of the main unit or the base.
  • the main units and/or the secondary units may also include an additional layer of protection against fires such as, for example, a layer of mineral wool.
  • an additional layer of protection against fires such as, for example, a layer of mineral wool.
  • the material of the blocks of the different main units and/or secondary units could themselves provide a fire protection function.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention concerne le bâtiment et la construction et plus particulièrement un élément de construction préfabriqué tel qu'une poutre ou encore une prédalle.The present invention relates to building and construction and more particularly to a prefabricated construction element such as a beam or even a pre-slab.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de construction.The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a construction element.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Il existe deux manières de traiter l'isolation d'un bâtiment, soit en enfermant l'ensemble de la construction dans une enveloppe isolante, soit en pratiquant une isolation à l'intérieur d'un mur dont une face est au contact avec l'atmosphère extérieure.There are two ways of treating the insulation of a building, either by enclosing the whole of the construction in an insulating envelope, or by practicing insulation inside a wall, one face of which is in contact with the outdoor atmosphere.

Dans le cas du traitement de l'isolation par l'intérieur, l'un des principaux problèmes à résoudre est celui posé par les ponts thermiques, c'est-à-dire celui du chemin de conduction de la chaleur ou du froid par la continuité d'un matériau conducteur de calorie depuis l'extérieur du bâtiment jusqu'à l'intérieur. C'est notamment le cas des planchers qui forment des ponts thermiques du fait de leur contact avec les murs extérieurs du bâtiment.In the case of the treatment of insulation from the inside, one of the main problems to be solved is that posed by thermal bridges, that is to say that of the path of conduction of heat or cold by the continuity of a heat-conducting material from the exterior of the building to the interior. This is particularly the case for floors which form thermal bridges due to their contact with the exterior walls of the building.

Pour tenter de traiter ce type de pont thermique mur/plancher, il est connu d'avoir recours à des prédalles comportant chacune un corps en béton et au moins deux embases de fixation ancrées à l'intérieur du corps en béton et séparées entre elles par une distance prédéfinie. Chaque prédalle comporte en outre des armatures ancrées dans le corps en béton correspondant de sorte à s'étendre entre deux embases de fixation consécutives. Un opérateur vient donc agencer les prédalles le long d'un mur puis insère un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant dans chaque embase de fixation. Après coulage de la dalle de compression pour former le plancher, les armatures dépassant vers l'intérieur du bâtiment se trouvent enrobées de sorte à être solidarisées au plancher. Les armatures dépassant de l'autre côté du corps thermiquement isolant sont alors à leur tour noyées dans un élément de béton externe poursuivant la construction du mur. De la sorte, le plancher et le mur se trouvent liés et les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant agencés entre eux, via les embases, limitent les ponts thermiques correspondants.In an attempt to deal with this type of wall/floor thermal bridge, it is known practice to use pre-slabs each comprising a concrete body and at least two fixing bases anchored inside the concrete body and separated from each other by a predefined distance. Each pre-slab further comprises reinforcements anchored in the corresponding concrete body so as to extend between two consecutive fixing bases. An operator therefore arranges the pre-slabs along a wall and then inserts a block of thermally insulating material into each fixing base. After pouring the compression slab to form the floor, the reinforcements protruding towards the inside of the building are coated so as to be secured to the floor. Reinforcements protruding from the other side of the thermally insulating body are then in turn embedded in an external concrete element continuing the construction of the wall. In this way, the floor and the wall are linked and the blocks of thermally insulating material arranged between them, via the bases, limit the corresponding thermal bridges.

De telles prédalles sont par exemple décrites dans le brevet FR 2 861 767 A1 , qui divulgue les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1.Such pre-slabs are for example described in the patent FR 2 861 767 A1 , which discloses features of the preamble of claim 1.

FR 2 861 767 A1 divulgue les caractéristiques suivantes de la revendication 7: un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction préfabriqué comportant les étapes de :

  • couler du béton à l'intérieur d'un espace accolé à au moins une unité principale et coffré par ladite unité principale, et
  • laisser prendre le béton.
FR 2 861 767 A1 discloses the following features of claim 7: a method of manufacturing a prefabricated building element comprising the steps of:
  • pour concrete inside a space attached to at least one main unit and enclosed by said main unit, and
  • let the concrete set.

Cependant, bien que de telles prédalles simplifient l'isolation mur/plancher, puisque l'opérateur n'a qu'à gérer l'introduction des blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant dans les embases de fixation, le pont thermique demeure relativement élevé du fait des espacements entre les différentes embases de fixation pour laisser passer les armatures, et donc des espacements entre les différents blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant.However, although such pre-slabs simplify the wall/floor insulation, since the operator only has to manage the introduction of the blocks made of thermally insulating material into the fixing bases, the thermal bridge remains relatively high due to the spacings between the various fixing bases to allow the fittings to pass, and therefore spacings between the various blocks of thermally insulating material.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Un but de l'invention est de proposer un élément de construction préfabriqué qui permette de traiter plus efficacement les ponts thermiques notamment, bien que non exclusivement, entre un mur et un plancher. Un but de l'invention est également de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de construction.An object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated building element which makes it possible to deal more effectively with thermal bridges, in particular, although not exclusively, between a wall and a floor. An object of the invention is also to propose a method of manufacturing such a construction element.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un élément de construction préfabriqué avec les caractéristiques de la revendication 1, comportant un corps en béton et au moins une unité principale d'isolation thermique solidarisée au corps en béton, l'unité principale étant agencée pour dépasser d'une face supérieure du corps en béton.To this end, the subject of the invention is a prefabricated construction element with the characteristics of claim 1, comprising a concrete body and at least one main thermal insulation unit secured to the concrete body, the main unit being arranged to protrude from an upper face of the concrete body.

Selon l'invention, l'élément de construction préfabriqué comporte au moins une unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel comprenant un bloc en béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin et des armatures agencées dans ledit bloc, le bloc s'étendant accolé à l'unité principale de sorte que ladite unité principale soit ancrée dans ledit bloc en béton spécifique.According to the invention, the prefabricated construction element comprises at least one secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit comprising a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per Kelvin meter and reinforcements arranged in said block, the block extending contiguous to the main unit so that said main unit is anchored in said specific concrete block.

Dès lors, l'élément de construction selon l'invention permet d'assurer une continuité de l'isolation thermique sur tout le long de l'élément de construction avec une alternance de zones d'isolation thermique principales au niveau des unités principales et de zones d'isolation thermique secondaires au niveau des unités secondaires. Ceci permet de bien mieux traiter les problèmes de ponts thermiques.Consequently, the construction element according to the invention makes it possible to ensure continuity of the thermal insulation over the entire length of the construction element with an alternation of main thermal insulation zones at the level of the main units and of secondary thermal insulation zones at secondary units. This makes it possible to deal much better with the problems of thermal bridges.

Dans le cas particulier où l'élément de construction de l'invention est une prédalle, on assure ainsi une continuité de l'isolation thermique du plancher sur toute la longueur de la liaison mur/plancher ce qui limite le pont thermique mur/plancher.In the particular case where the construction element of the invention is a pre-slab, continuity of the thermal insulation of the floor is thus ensured over the entire length of the wall/floor connection, which limits the wall/floor thermal bridge.

Par ailleurs, on note que les unités secondaires remplissent à la fois une fonction de protection thermique grâce au bloc en béton spécifique, et à la fois une fonction de soutien structurel grâce aux armatures mais également au bloc en béton spécifique.Furthermore, it is noted that the secondary units perform both a thermal protection function thanks to the specific concrete block, and both a structural support function thanks to the reinforcements but also to the specific concrete block.

En outre, l'unité principale permet directement de servir de portion de coffrage pour la fabrication de l'unité secondaire ce qui simplifie la fabrication de l'élément de construction.In addition, the main unit makes it possible directly to serve as a formwork portion for the manufacture of the secondary unit, which simplifies the manufacture of the construction element.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction préfabriqué avec les caractéristiques de la revendication 7, élément de construction tel que précédemment décrit comportant les étapes de :

  • couler du béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin à l'intérieur d'un espace accolé à au moins une unité principale d'isolation thermique et coffré par au moins ladite unité principale,
  • laisser prendre le béton spécifique pour former une unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel à laquelle l'unité principale est également ancrée.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a prefabricated construction element with the characteristics of claim 7, construction element as previously described comprising the steps of:
  • pour specific concrete having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin inside a space attached to at least one main thermal insulation unit and enclosed by at least said main unit,
  • let the specific concrete set to form a secondary unit of thermal insulation and support structural to which the main unit is also anchored.

L'unité principale permet ainsi directement de servir de portion de coffrage pour la fabrication de l'unité secondaire ce qui simplifie la fabrication de l'élément de construction.The main unit thus makes it possible directly to serve as a formwork portion for the manufacture of the secondary unit, which simplifies the manufacture of the construction element.

Bien entendu, les termes de « supérieur », « inférieur » ... doivent être entendus selon une position en service de l'élément de construction c'est-à-dire une fois que l'élément de construction a été posé sur un bâtiment en cours de construction (par exemple lorsque l'élément de construction est une prédalle, la position en service est lorsque la prédalle est montée au niveau de la portion du mur associée).Of course, the terms "upper", "lower" ... must be understood according to a position in service of the construction element, that is to say once the construction element has been placed on a building under construction (for example when the construction element is a pre-slab, the position in service is when the pre-slab is mounted at the level of the associated portion of the wall).

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below of particular embodiments of the invention.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention agencé à proximité d'une portion de mur,
  • la figure 2 est une vue identique à celle de la figure 1 après coulage de la dalle de compression,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant n'étant pas représentés.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings, including:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a construction element according to a first embodiment of the invention arranged close to a wall portion,
  • the picture 2 is a view identical to that of the figure 1 after pouring the compression slab,
  • the picture 3 is a top view of a building element according to a second embodiment of the invention, the blocks made of thermally insulating material not being shown.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

En référence aux figures 1 à 2, l'élément de construction selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention est une prédalle 1 qui vise donc à traiter les ponts thermiques entre un plancher 2 et un mur 3 adjacent audit plancher 2.With reference to figures 1 to 2 , the construction element according to the first embodiment of the invention is a pre-slab 1 which therefore aims to treat the thermal bridges between a floor 2 and an adjacent wall 3 said floor 2.

La prédalle 1 comporte un corps en béton 4 par exemple en béton précontraint comprenant des câbles de précontrainte orientés longitudinalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres.The pre-slab 1 comprises a concrete body 4, for example of prestressed concrete comprising prestressing cables oriented longitudinally and parallel to each other.

La prédalle 1 comprend par ailleurs ici des unités principales 5 d'isolation thermique. Les unités principales 5 sont toutes solidarisées au corps en béton 4 en étant ici ancrées dans celui-ci. Plus précisément, les unités principales 5 sont ici ancrées dans le corps en béton 4 en étant séparées entre elles par une distance prédéfinie. Les unités principales 5 sont agencées de sorte à dépasser de la face supérieure du corps en béton 4. De préférence, les unités principales 5 sont conformées de sorte à s'étendre sensiblement au moins sur toute la hauteur de la prédalle 1. Ceci permet ainsi de bien réduire les ponts thermiques entre le plancher 2 et le mur adjacent.The pre-slab 1 also comprises here main units 5 of thermal insulation. The main units 5 are all secured to the concrete body 4 by being here anchored therein. More precisely, the main units 5 are here anchored in the concrete body 4 by being separated from each other by a predefined distance. The main units 5 are arranged so as to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4. Preferably, the main units 5 are shaped so as to extend substantially at least over the entire height of the pre-slab 1. This thus allows to significantly reduce thermal bridges between floor 2 and the adjacent wall.

De façon particulière, les unités principales 5 sont agencées au niveau d'un même bord longitudinal 6 de la prédalle 1 mais avec un décalage vis-à-vis de ce bord longitudinal 6. De la sorte, les unités principales 5 sont ici complètement enrobées dans le corps en béton 4 ce qui assure une bonne solidarisation des unités principales 5 au corps en béton 4. Les différentes unités principales 5 s'étendent toutes parallèlement audit bord longitudinal 6 selon une même direction X.In particular, the main units 5 are arranged at the same longitudinal edge 6 of the pre-slab 1 but with an offset vis-à-vis this longitudinal edge 6. In this way, the main units 5 are here completely coated in the concrete body 4 which ensures good attachment of the main units 5 to the concrete body 4. The various main units 5 all extend parallel to said longitudinal edge 6 in the same direction X.

De préférence, les unités principales 5 sont conformées de sorte que les faces supérieures des unités principales 5 se trouvent à hauteur sensiblement de la face supérieure de la dalle de compression 14 destinée à être coulée sur la prédalle 1 comme nous le verrons par la suite. De préférence également, les unités principales 5 de la prédalle 1 sont toutes identiques entre elles et sont toutes séparées deux à deux par une même distance. Deux unités principales 5 successives définissent donc entre elles un espace au niveau du bord longitudinal 6.Preferably, the main units 5 are shaped so that the upper faces of the main units 5 are at substantially height of the upper face of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the pre-slab 1 as we will see later. Also preferably, the main units 5 of the pre-slab 1 are all identical to one another and are all separated two by two by the same distance. Two successive main units 5 therefore define between they have a space at the longitudinal edge 6.

Chaque unité principale 5 comporte ici une embase 10 conformée en un contenant ouvert, par exemple de type bac à fleurs. Chaque embase 10 est par exemple en matière plastique. De préférence, chaque embase 10 comporte un doigt (non visible ici) agencé sur l'une des faces latérales externes de ladite embase 10 et s'étendant longitudinalement vers l'extérieur de l'embase 10, le doigt étant conformé pour définir l'intervalle constant entre deux embases 10 consécutives.Each main unit 5 here comprises a base 10 shaped as an open container, for example of the flower box type. Each base 10 is for example made of plastic material. Preferably, each base 10 includes a finger (not visible here) arranged on one of the outer side faces of said base 10 and extending longitudinally outward from the base 10, the finger being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive bases 10.

De façon particulière, chaque unité principale 5 comporte un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant 7 qui est reçu dans l'embase 10 correspondante. Chaque bloc 7 est par exemple emboîté dans l'embase 10 correspondante. Le bloc 7 a donc ici une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique correspondante à celle de l'embase 10.In particular, each main unit 5 comprises a block of thermally insulating material 7 which is received in the corresponding base 10. Each block 7 is for example nested in the corresponding base 10. The block 7 therefore here has a substantially parallelepipedic shape corresponding to that of the base 10.

Chaque bloc 7 est par exemple en laine minérale.Each block 7 is for example made of mineral wool.

De préférence, l'embase 10 comporte des moyens de retenu du bloc 7 associé dans l'embase 10. Les moyens de retenu comportent par exemple des indentations prévues dans au moins deux des faces internes de l'embase 10 et saillantes vers l'intérieur de l'embase 10.Preferably, the base 10 comprises means for retaining the associated block 7 in the base 10. The retaining means comprise for example indentations provided in at least two of the internal faces of the base 10 and projecting inwards. of the base 10.

Chaque unité principale 5 (formée dans le cas présent d'une embase 10 et d'un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant 7) forme ainsi un rupteur thermique permettant de traiter le pont thermique entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 comme nous le verrons par la suite.Each main unit 5 (formed in the present case of a base 10 and a block of thermally insulating material 7) thus forms a thermal breaker making it possible to treat the thermal bridge between the floor 2 and the wall 3 as we will see by the following.

La prédalle 1 comporte ici des unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique. Chaque unité secondaire 8 est ici un bloc en béton spécifique ayant une conductivité thermique réduite inférieure à 1 watt par mètre Kelvin. De préférence, le béton spécifique de chaque unité secondaire 8 est un béton à conductivité thermique inférieure à 0.6 watt par mètre-kelvin ce qui renforce encore davantage le traitement des ponts thermiques par ladite unité secondaire 8. Par exemple, on utilise comme béton du béton Thermédia (marque déposée par la société Lafarge).The pre-slab 1 here comprises secondary units 8 of thermal insulation. Each secondary unit 8 is here a specific concrete block having a reduced thermal conductivity of less than 1 watt per meter Kelvin. Preferably, the concrete specific to each secondary unit 8 is a concrete with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.6 watt per meter-kelvin, which further reinforces the treatment of thermal bridges by said secondary unit. 8. For example, thermedia concrete (trademark registered by the company Lafarge) is used as concrete.

Chaque unité secondaire 8 est agencée entre deux unités principales 5 successives de la prédalle 1 de sorte à s'étendre selon la direction X. Chaque unité secondaire 8 est ancrée dans le corps en béton 4. De la sorte, la prédalle 1 présente parallèlement à son bord longitudinal 6 une alternance continue d'une unité principale 5 et d'une unité secondaire 8.Each secondary unit 8 is arranged between two successive main units 5 of the pre-slab 1 so as to extend along the direction X. Each secondary unit 8 is anchored in the concrete body 4. In this way, the pre-slab 1 presents parallel to its longitudinal edge 6 a continuous alternation of a main unit 5 and a secondary unit 8.

Les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique sont agencées de sorte à enrober les deux unités principales 5 respectives les entourant. Chaque unité principale 5 est ainsi ancrée au niveau de ses deux faces latérales externes dans deux unités secondaires 8 successives.The secondary thermal insulation units 8 are arranged so as to coat the two respective main units 5 surrounding them. Each main unit 5 is thus anchored at its two outer side faces in two successive secondary units 8.

Selon l'invention les unités secondaires 8 sont agencées de sorte à dépasser de la face supérieure du corps en béton 4. De préférence, les unités secondaires 8 sont conformées de sorte à s'étendre sensiblement en outre sur toute la hauteur de la prédalle 1 (c'est-à-dire jusqu'à la face inférieure du corps en béton 4). Ceci permet ainsi de bien réduire les ponts thermiques entre le plancher 2 et le mur adjacent.According to the invention, the secondary units 8 are arranged so as to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body 4. Preferably, the secondary units 8 are shaped so as to extend substantially further over the entire height of the pre-slab 1 (That is to say to the underside of the concrete body 4). This thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the thermal bridges between the floor 2 and the adjacent wall.

De préférence, les unités secondaires 8 sont agencées de sorte à dépasser de la même hauteur de la face supérieure du corps en béton 4 que les unités principales 5. De préférence, les unités secondaires 8 sont donc ici conformées de sorte que leurs faces supérieures soient à hauteur sensiblement de la face supérieure de la dalle de compression 14 destinée à être coulée sur la prédalle 1 comme nous le verrons par la suite.Preferably, the secondary units 8 are arranged so as to protrude by the same height from the upper face of the concrete body 4 as the main units 5. Preferably, the secondary units 8 are therefore here shaped so that their upper faces are substantially up to the upper face of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the pre-slab 1 as we will see later.

Les unités secondaires 8 comportent en outre des ensembles d'armatures 9, chaque ensemble d'armature étant agencé de sorte à traverser l'une des unités secondaire 8 pour que les armatures de cet ensemble 9 soient saillantes de part et d'autre de l'unité secondaire associée 8 pour s'étendre d'un côté en direction de la prédalle 1 au-dessus de la prédalle 1 et de l'autre côté en direction du mur 2 au-dessus d'au moins une partie de la portion du mur 2 déjà construite comme nous le verrons par la suite. Chaque ensemble d'armature 9 est donc ancré dans le béton de l'unité secondaire 8. Les armatures des ensembles d'armatures 9 sont par exemple en acier.The secondary units 8 further comprise sets of frames 9, each set of frames being arranged so as to pass through one of the secondary units 8 so that the frames of this set 9 project on either side of the associated secondary unit 8 for extend on one side towards pre-slab 1 above pre-slab 1 and on the other side towards wall 2 above at least part of the portion of wall 2 already built as we are we will see it later. Each set of reinforcement 9 is therefore anchored in the concrete of the secondary unit 8. The reinforcements of the sets of reinforcements 9 are for example made of steel.

La prédalle 1 est ainsi agencée au cours de la construction du bâtiment.The pre-slab 1 is thus arranged during the construction of the building.

A cet effet, le mur 3 est monté jusqu'à sensiblement le niveau où le plancher 2 est destiné à être posé. De préférence, la partie supérieure de la portion de mur montée 12 présente un arrêt 13 qui permet une meilleure jonction avec la suite du mur 3 à construire comme nous le verrons par la suite.For this purpose, the wall 3 is mounted up to substantially the level where the floor 2 is intended to be laid. Preferably, the upper part of the mounted wall portion 12 has a stop 13 which allows a better connection with the rest of the wall 3 to be built as we will see later.

Des poutres d'également (non visibles ici) sont alors positionnées contre la portion montée 12 du mur 3 de sorte à s'étendre à la normale de ladite portion montée 12 afin de servir de support à la construction du plancher 2.Also beams (not visible here) are then positioned against the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 so as to extend normal to said mounted portion 12 in order to serve as a support for the construction of the floor 2.

Puis la prédalle 1 est agencée sur les poutres pour délimiter la surface du plancher 2. Le bord longitudinal 6 de la prédalle 1, formant donc ici en partie l'une des rives du plancher 2, est posée sur la portion montée 12 du mur 3 considéré de sorte donc à s'étendre parallèlement à la direction X. La figure 1 illustre ainsi la portion déjà montée 13 du mur 3 et ladite prédalle 1.Then the pre-slab 1 is arranged on the beams to delimit the surface of the floor 2. The longitudinal edge 6 of the pre-slab 1, thus forming here in part one of the edges of the floor 2, is placed on the mounted portion 12 of the wall 3 considered so as to extend parallel to the X direction. figure 1 thus illustrates the already mounted portion 13 of the wall 3 and said pre-slab 1.

Dès lors, en référence à la figure 2, il ne reste plus qu'à former la dalle de compression 14 en coulant du béton sur la prédalle 1 de sorte que les armatures en saillie des unités secondaires 8 se retrouvent noyées dans le béton. La dalle de compression 14 est coulée de sorte à venir à hauteur des différentes unités principales 5 et des différentes unités secondaires 8 longeant le mur 3.Therefore, with reference to the picture 2 , all that remains is to form the compression slab 14 by pouring concrete on the pre-slab 1 so that the projecting reinforcements of the secondary units 8 are embedded in the concrete. The compression slab 14 is cast so as to come level with the various main units 5 and the various secondary units 8 running along the wall 3.

Du béton est également coulé au-dessus de la portion 12 de mur 3 déjà existante pour continuer la construction du mur 3 de sorte que les armatures en saillie de l'autre côté des unités secondaires 8 (et qui s'étendent au-dessus de la portion 12 du mur 3 déjà construite) se retrouvent également noyées dans le béton. Les ensembles d'armatures 9 se retrouvent ainsi ancrés dans le plancher 2 et dans le mur 3 ce qui assure la portance du plancher 2.Concrete is also poured above the already existing portion 12 of wall 3 to continue the construction of the wall 3 so that the frames projecting from the other side of the secondary units 8 (and which extend above the portion 12 of the wall 3 already built) are also embedded in the concrete. The sets of frames 9 are thus anchored in the floor 2 and in the wall 3 which ensures the bearing capacity of the floor 2.

Il s'avère donc très simple pour un opérateur de monter un plancher à l'aide des prédalles 1. En effet, l'opérateur n'a qu'à simplement poser les prédalles 1 et à couler directement le béton de la dalle de compression 14 sur les prédalles 1. La livraison sur chantier des prédalles 1 déjà équipées des ensembles d'armatures 9 et des unités principales 5 et secondaires 8 simplifie grandement la pose du plancher 2 par l'opérateur.It is therefore very simple for an operator to mount a floor using the pre-slabs 1. Indeed, the operator simply has to lay the pre-slabs 1 and pour the concrete of the compression slab directly 14 on the pre-slabs 1. The delivery on site of the pre-slabs 1 already equipped with the sets of frames 9 and the main 5 and secondary 8 units greatly simplifies the laying of the floor 2 by the operator.

De façon avantageuse, les embases 10, les unités principales 5 d'isolation thermique et les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique constituent ensemble une portion de coffrage de la dalle de compression 14 destinée à être coulée sur la prédalle 1. La mise en œuvre du coffrage de la dalle de compression 14 s'avère très simple. L'ancrage des unités principales 5 aux unités secondaires 8 permet en outre d'assurer un bon coffrage de la dalle de compression 14.Advantageously, the bases 10, the main thermal insulation units 5 and the secondary thermal insulation units 8 together constitute a formwork portion of the compression slab 14 intended to be cast on the pre-slab 1. formwork of the compression slab 14 is very simple. The anchoring of the main units 5 to the secondary units 8 also makes it possible to ensure good formwork for the compression slab 14.

Par ailleurs, les ponts thermiques susceptibles de se former entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 sont très limités puisque :

  • les unités principales 5 d'isolation thermique forment une barrière d'isolation thermique entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 en étant agencées entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 sur sensiblement toute la hauteur du plancher 2 (comme plus visible à la figure 2), en particulier du fait que les blocs en matériau isolant 7 s'étendent sur toute la hauteur du plancher 2,
  • les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique forment une barrière d'isolation thermique entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 en étant agencées entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 sur sensiblement toute la hauteur du plancher (on rappelle en effet que le béton de chaque unité secondaire 8 est un béton spécifique qui est bien plus isolant thermiquement que les bétons traditionnellement utilisés dans le domaine des bâtiments et qui ont une conductivité thermique d'au moins 2 watts par mètre-kelvin).
Furthermore, the thermal bridges likely to form between the floor 2 and the wall 3 are very limited since:
  • the main thermal insulation units 5 form a thermal insulation barrier between the floor 2 and the wall 3 by being arranged between the floor 2 and the wall 3 over substantially the entire height of the floor 2 (as seen more picture 2 ), in particular because the blocks of insulating material 7 extend over the entire height of the floor 2,
  • the secondary thermal insulation units 8 form a thermal insulation barrier between the floor 2 and wall 3 by being arranged between floor 2 and wall 3 over substantially the entire height of the floor (it is recalled that the concrete of each secondary unit 8 is a specific concrete which is much more thermally insulating than concrete traditionally used in buildings and which have a thermal conductivity of at least 2 watts per meter-kelvin).

Les ponts thermiques susceptibles de se former entre le plancher 2 et le mur 3 s'avèrent donc réduits ici sur tout le long du mur 3 considéré et sur sensiblement toute la hauteur du plancher 1.The thermal bridges likely to form between the floor 2 and the wall 3 therefore prove to be reduced here along the entire length of the wall 3 considered and over substantially the entire height of the floor 1.

Par ailleurs, l'accolement des différentes unités secondaires 8 et des unités principales 5 permet à la fois d'assurer une bonne isolation thermique du plancher 2 au niveau du mur 3 et à la fois d'assurer une bonne portance du plancher 2.Furthermore, the adjoining of the various secondary units 8 and the main units 5 makes it possible both to ensure good thermal insulation of the floor 2 at the level of the wall 3 and at the same time to ensure good bearing capacity of the floor 2.

On note que les unités secondaires 8 remplissent également un rôle de soutien structurel grâce au béton les constituant et également aux ensembles d'armatures 9 qui sont ancrés dans ces unités secondaires 8.It is noted that the secondary units 8 also fulfill a role of structural support thanks to the concrete constituting them and also to the sets of reinforcements 9 which are anchored in these secondary units 8.

En outre, l'utilisation de la laine minérale pour les blocs 7 des unités principales 5 permet, en plus de la fonction d'isolation thermique, de remplir une fonction supplémentaire de protection contre les incendies ainsi qu'une fonction supplémentaire d'isolation acoustique.In addition, the use of mineral wool for the 7 blocks of the 5 main units allows, in addition to the thermal insulation function, to perform an additional fire protection function as well as an additional sound insulation function .

De plus, il est possible de s'affranchir d'un support de lisse classique de l'art antérieur relativement volumineux. Un simple soutien par poutre de la prédalle 1 suffit ici.In addition, it is possible to dispense with a conventional heddle support of the relatively bulky prior art. A simple support by beam of the pre-slab 1 is enough here.

Le procédé de fabrication de la prédalle 1 selon le premier mode de réalisation va être à présent décrit.The method of manufacturing the pre-slab 1 according to the first embodiment will now be described.

Au cours d'une première étape, les embases 10 de fixation sont agencées dans un moule de fabrication du corps 4 en béton de la prédalle 1 de sorte que lesdites embases 10 se retrouvent positionnées le long d'une des rives du moule de fabrication, rive s'étendant donc parallèlement à la direction X. Les différentes embases 10 sont séparées les unes des autres d'une distance prédéfinie identique pour toutes les embases. Le doigt de chaque embase 10 permet astucieusement de faciliter le bon agencement des différentes embases 10 dans le moule de fabrication ce qui facilite le travail de l'ouvrier. Les embases 10 reposent donc sur le fond du moule.During a first step, the fixing bases 10 are arranged in a mold for manufacturing the concrete body 4 of the pre-slab 1 so that said bases 10 are positioned along one of the edges of the manufacturing mould, the edge therefore extending parallel to the direction X. The different bases 10 are separated from each other by an identical predefined distance for all the bases. The finger of each base 10 cleverly facilitates the correct arrangement of the different bases 10 in the manufacturing mold, which facilitates the work of the worker. The bases 10 therefore rest on the bottom of the mold.

Puis, au cours d'une deuxième étape, un bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant 7 est inséré dans chaque embase 10 par emboîtement.Then, during a second step, a block of thermally insulating material 7 is inserted into each base 10 by interlocking.

Au cours d'une troisième étape, on vient coffrer l'espace laissé libre entre deux embases 10 successives. A cet effet, on agence, entre chaque couple d'embases 10 successives, un premier élément de coffrage face à la rive du moule et un deuxième élément de coffrage face au futur corps en béton 4, les deux éléments de coffrage s'étendant donc parallèlement à la direction X. Pour chaque couple d'unités principales 5 successives, les deux unités principales 5 et les deux éléments de coffrage définissent un volume sensiblement parallélépipédique.During a third step, the space left free between two successive bases 10 is cased. For this purpose, between each pair of successive bases 10, a first formwork element facing the edge of the mold and a second formwork element facing the future concrete body 4 are arranged, the two formwork elements therefore extending parallel to the direction X. For each pair of successive main units 5, the two main units 5 and the two formwork elements define a substantially parallelepipedal volume.

Au cours d'une quatrième étape, les ensembles d'armatures 9 sont agencés dans le moule de fabrication. A cet effet, les éléments de coffrage comportent des orifices adaptés à autoriser le passage des armatures à travers eux ou étant conformés en forme de peigne pour le passage des armatures à travers eux. En variante on peut bien entendu déjà agencer les armatures dans le moule de fabrication avant de coffrer l'espace laissé libre entre les deux embases 10 successives.During a fourth step, the sets of frames 9 are arranged in the manufacturing mold. For this purpose, the formwork elements comprise orifices adapted to allow the passage of the reinforcements through them or being shaped in the form of a comb for the passage of the reinforcements through them. As a variant, it is of course already possible to arrange the reinforcements in the manufacturing mold before forming the space left free between the two successive bases 10 .

Les éléments de coffrage sont par exemple conformés en forme de plaque. Les éléments de coffrage sont par exemple en matériau métallique, par exemple en acier, ou encore en bois ou en matériau plastique. Les éléments de coffrage sont indifféremment des éléments réutilisables ou perdus.The formwork elements are for example shaped in the form of a plate. The formwork elements are for example made of metallic material, for example steel, or even wood or plastic material. formwork elements are either reusable or lost items.

Au cours d'une cinquième étape, on vient couler le béton dans le moule de fabrication.During a fifth step, the concrete is poured into the manufacturing mould.

On vient ensuite couler le béton spécifique à l'intérieur desdits volumes par le haut pour terminer de remplir lesdits volumes et pour former les unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique. Les unités principales 5 (ici les embases 10 ainsi que les blocs 7) servent ainsi astucieusement directement de portions de coffrage.The specific concrete is then poured inside said volumes from above to finish filling said volumes and to form the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation. The main units 5 (here the bases 10 as well as the blocks 7) thus cleverly serve directly as formwork portions.

On laisse ensuite prendre les deux bétons. Ceci permet d'ancrer les embases 10 d'une part au béton du corps en béton 4 de la prédalle 1 et d'autre part au béton spécifique des unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique. Ceci permet en outre d'ancrer les blocs 7 au béton spécifique des unités secondaires 8 d'isolation thermique (puisque les blocs 7 servent aussi de portion de coffrage pour la formation des unités secondaires 8). Enfin, ceci permet d'ancrer les ensembles d'armatures 9 aux unités secondaires 8 ainsi qu'au corps en béton 4. Par ailleurs, les unités secondaires 8 s'avèrent ainsi aussi ancrées au corps en béton 4.The two concretes are then allowed to set. This makes it possible to anchor the bases 10 on the one hand to the concrete of the concrete body 4 of the pre-slab 1 and on the other hand to the specific concrete of the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation. This also makes it possible to anchor the blocks 7 to the specific concrete of the secondary units 8 of thermal insulation (since the blocks 7 also serve as formwork portion for the formation of the secondary units 8). Finally, this makes it possible to anchor the sets of reinforcements 9 to the secondary units 8 as well as to the concrete body 4. Moreover, the secondary units 8 are thus also found to be anchored to the concrete body 4.

De la sorte, le corps de la prédalle 1, les unités principales 5 et les unités secondaires 8 ainsi que les ensembles d'armatures 9 s'avèrent solidarisés les uns aux autres.In this way, the body of the pre-slab 1, the main units 5 and the secondary units 8 as well as the sets of frames 9 turn out to be secured to each other.

La prédalle 1 ainsi créée et livrée sur chantier s'avère donc très simple à manipuler et à déplacer ce qui facilite la tâche des personnes travaillant sur le chantier. La prédalle 1 ainsi livrée présente déjà tout intégré à la fois les armatures de soutien structurel et à la fois les unités secondaires et principales d'isolation thermique.The pre-slab 1 thus created and delivered to the site therefore proves to be very simple to handle and to move, which facilitates the task of the people working on the site. The pre-slab 1 thus delivered already has everything integrated, both the structural support reinforcements and both the secondary and main thermal insulation units.

Un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction selon l'invention va être à présent décrit en référence à la figure 3. Les éléments en commun avec le premier mode de réalisation conservent la même numérotation augmentée d'une centaine.A second embodiment of the construction element according to the invention will now be described with reference to the picture 3 . The elements in common with the first embodiment retain the same numbering increased by one hundred.

Chaque embase 110 est encore une fois conformée en un contenant ouvert, par exemple de type bac à fleurs, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique. Toutefois, contrairement au premier mode de réalisation, chaque embase 110 comporte en outre deux parois supplémentaires : une première paroi 121 s'étendant dans le prolongement de l'une des parois longitudinales à partir d'une première face latérale externe de l'embase 110 et une deuxième paroi 122 s'étendant dans le prolongement de l'autre des parois longitudinales de l'embase 110 à partir de la deuxième face latérale externe de l'embase 110, chaque paroi 121, 122 étant conformée pour définir l'intervalle constant entre deux embases 110 consécutives.Each base 110 is again shaped into an open container, for example of the flower box type, of substantially parallelepiped shape. However, unlike the first embodiment, each base 110 further comprises two additional walls: a first wall 121 extending in the extension of one of the longitudinal walls from a first external side face of the base 110 and a second wall 122 extending in the extension of the other of the longitudinal walls of the base 110 from the second outer side face of the base 110, each wall 121, 122 being shaped to define the constant interval between two consecutive 110 bases.

De la sorte lorsque les embases 110 sont agencées les unes à la suite des autres, leurs parois longitudinales 121, 122 permettent de définir directement les coffrages longitudinales du volume à coffrer pour créer les unités secondaires 108 d'isolation thermique. On s'affranchit ainsi d'élément de coffrage supplémentaire pour la fabrication de la prédalle 101. Bien entendu, les parois longitudinales 121, 122 sont adaptés à autoriser le passage des armatures à travers eux.In this way, when the bases 110 are arranged one after the other, their longitudinal walls 121, 122 make it possible to directly define the longitudinal formwork of the volume to be formed to create the secondary units 108 of thermal insulation. This eliminates the need for an additional formwork element for the manufacture of the pre-slab 101. Of course, the longitudinal walls 121, 122 are adapted to allow reinforcement to pass through them.

Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et on peut y apporter des variantes de réalisation sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and variant embodiments can be added thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

En particulier, l'élément de construction pourra ne pas être une prédalle mais par exemple une poutre, une poutrelleIn particular, the construction element may not be a pre-slab but for example a beam, a joist

En outre, bien qu'ici l'élément de construction ait été utilisé pour le traitement de ponts thermiques entre la rive non porteuse d'un plancher et le mur adjacent à ladite rive, l'élément de construction pourra être utilisé pour le traitement de ponts thermiques entre une rive porteuse d'un plancher et un mur adjacent à ladite rive. Pour un même bâtiment, on pourra utiliser l'élément de construction pour isoler le plancher, au niveau de ses deux rives non porteuses, des murs adjacents et mettre en œuvre un dispositif de l'art antérieur, telle que l'élément de construction décrit dans la demande FR 2 861 767 , pour isoler le plancher, au niveau de ses deux rives porteuses, des murs adjacents.In addition, although here the construction element was used for the treatment of thermal bridges between the non-load-bearing edge of a floor and the wall adjacent to said edge, the construction element could be used for the treatment of thermal bridges between a bearing edge of a floor and a wall adjacent to said edge. For the same building, the construction element can be used to insulate the floor, at its two non-load-bearing edges, from the adjacent walls and to implement a device of the prior art, such as the construction element described in the request FR 2 861 767 , to insulate the floor, at its two load-bearing edges, from the adjacent walls.

L'unité principale pourra être différente de ce qui a été décrit. En particulier, l'unité principale pourra ne pas comporter d'embase de fixation et être par exemple seulement constituée du bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant. Bien qu'ici l'unité principale soit solidarisée par ancrage à l'élément de construction (c'est-à-dire en étant directement prise dans le béton du corps de l'élément de construction), l'unité principale pourra être solidarisée différemment à l'élément de construction par exemple par vissage, collage ... que l'unité principale comporte ou non une embase. L'unité principale pourra ainsi être solidarisée au corps en béton de l'élément de construction une fois celui-ci déjà créé ou au cours de la formation du corps en béton de l'élément de construction.The main unit may be different from what has been described. In particular, the main unit may not include a fixing base and may for example only consist of the block made of thermally insulating material. Although here the main unit is secured by anchoring to the construction element (that is to say by being directly taken into the concrete of the body of the construction element), the main unit can be secured differently to the construction element, for example by screwing, gluing, etc., whether or not the main unit comprises a base. The main unit can thus be secured to the concrete body of the construction element once the latter has already been created or during the formation of the concrete body of the construction element.

Si l'unité principale comporte une embase, l'embase pourra par exemple être en bois ou en matériau métallique.If the main unit comprises a base, the base may for example be made of wood or of metallic material.

L'embase pourra comporter des pieds d'ancrage noyés dans le corps en béton de l'élément de construction pour faciliter l'ancrage de l'embase dans ledit élément de construction. Dans ce cas, le bloc en matériau thermiquement isolant ne s'étendra pas sur toute la hauteur de l'élément de construction mais jusqu'à quelques centimètres au-dessus de la face inférieure de l'élément de construction.The base may include anchoring feet embedded in the concrete body of the construction element to facilitate the anchoring of the base in said construction element. In this case, the block of thermally insulating material will not extend over the entire height of the construction element but up to a few centimeters above the underside of the construction element.

L'embase pourra également avoir une forme différente de celle décrite. L'embase pourra ne pas avoir une forme de bac à fleurs mais par exemple comporter des tiges s'étendant verticalement et dans lesquelles sont enfoncés les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant.The base may also have a shape different from that described. The base may not have a shape of flower box but for example comprise rods extending vertically and in which the blocks of thermally insulating material are inserted.

Par exemple, l'embase pourra comporter une ou des portions de coffrage coulissantes et/ou rotatives entre une première position où la portion s'étend le long d'une des parois de l'embase et une deuxième position où la portion s'étend dans le prolongement de ladite paroi de manière à être déployée pour former une portion de coffrage pour le coulage du béton spécifique permettant de former l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel. Cette paroi pourra être agencée pour permettre le coffrage longitudinal de l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel ou pour permettre le coffrage latéral de l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel. En variante, les portions de coffrage pourront être rigidement fixées aux embases ou bien comprendre des moyens de leur emboîtement sur les embases. Selon une autre variante, ces portions de coffrage pourront être rigidement fixées aux blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant ou bien comprendre des moyens de leur emboîtement sur les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant ou bien être montés pivotant ou coulissant sur les blocs en matériau thermiquement isolant.For example, the base may comprise one or more sliding and/or rotating formwork portions between a first position where the portion extends along one of the walls of the base and a second position where the portion extends in the extension of said wall so as to be deployed to form a portion of formwork for pouring the specific concrete making it possible to form the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit. This wall may be arranged to allow the longitudinal formwork of the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit or to allow the lateral formwork of the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit. As a variant, the formwork portions may be rigidly fixed to the bases or else include means for their interlocking on the bases. According to another variant, these formwork portions may be rigidly fixed to the blocks made of thermally insulating material or else comprise means for their interlocking on the blocks made of thermally insulating material or else be mounted pivoting or sliding on the blocks made of thermally insulating material.

Le coffrage pourra être achevé par deux portions de coffrage distinctes comme décrit dans la présente demande, ou pourra être achevé par une seule portion de coffrage conformée par exemple en un cavalier comprenant deux ailes permettant chacune le coffrage longitudinal de l'espace laissé libre entre les unités principales et un plateau reliant les deux ailes pour les solidariser entre elles. Ce plateau pourra soit reposer au niveau du fond du moule soit au contraire surplomber l'espace à coffrer, le plateau comprenant alors bien entendu un orifice pour le versement du béton spécifique dans l'espace.The formwork may be completed by two separate formwork portions as described in the present application, or may be completed by a single formwork portion shaped for example into a rider comprising two wings each allowing the longitudinal formwork of the space left free between the main units and a plate connecting the two wings to secure them together. This tray can either rest at the bottom of the mold or on the contrary overhang the space to be formed, the tray then of course comprising an orifice for the pouring of the specific concrete into the space.

Dans tous les cas le ou les portions de coffrage seront bien entendu aptes à recevoir les armatures à travers eux.In all cases, the formwork portion(s) will of course be capable of receiving the reinforcements through them.

Les blocs pourront être reçus dans les embases autrement que par emboîtement par exemple par collage, vissage ...The blocks can be received in the bases other than by interlocking, for example by gluing, screwing, etc.

Le bloc pourra être dans un matériau différent de ce qui a été décrit par exemple à base de polystyrène, à base de polystyrène expansé, à base de laine minérale, à base de perlite expansée ...The block may be in a different material from what has been described, for example based on polystyrene, based on expanded polystyrene, based on mineral wool, based on expanded perlite, etc.

Par ailleurs, l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel pourra être différente de ce qui a été décrit. En parliculier, la hauteur de l'unité secondaire d'isolation thermique et de soutien structurel pourra être différente de celle de l'unité principale ou de l'embase.Furthermore, the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit may be different from what has been described. In particular, the height of the secondary thermal insulation and structural support unit may be different from that of the main unit or the base.

Les unités principales et/ou les unités secondaires pourront également comporter une couche supplémentaire de protection contre les incendies comme par exemple une couche en laine minérale. En variante, le matériau des blocs des différentes unités principales et/ou unités secondaires pourront eux-mêmes assurer une fonction de protection contre les incendies.The main units and/or the secondary units may also include an additional layer of protection against fires such as, for example, a layer of mineral wool. As a variant, the material of the blocks of the different main units and/or secondary units could themselves provide a fire protection function.

En outre, dans le cas du plancher, bien qu'ici le béton soit d'abord coulé au niveau du plancher avant d'être coulé au niveau du mur, on pourra bien entendu couler d'abord le béton au niveau du mur pour poursuivre la construction du mur avant de couler le béton au niveau du plancher.In addition, in the case of the floor, although here the concrete is first poured at the level of the floor before being poured at the level of the wall, we can of course first pour the concrete at the level of the wall to continue the construction of the wall before pouring the concrete at floor level.

De même en ce qui concerne la fabrication de l'élément de construction, on pourra agencer dans un sens différent que celui décrit, ensembles d'armatures, unités principales et éléments de coffrage dans le moule de fabrication. On pourra envisager de couler le béton spécifique avant le béton du corps en béton ou simultanément. On pourra également d'abord créer le corps en béton de l'élément de construction avant d'y solidariser les unités principales. On pourra également d'abord créer le corps en béton de l'élément de construction avant de créer les unités secondaires.Similarly with regard to the manufacture of the construction element, it is possible to arrange in a different direction than that described, sets of frames, main units and formwork elements in the manufacturing mold. It may be envisaged to pour the specific concrete before the concrete of the concrete body or simultaneously. We will be able to also first create the concrete body of the construction element before attaching the main units to it. It is also possible to first create the concrete body of the construction element before creating the secondary units.

Claims (7)

  1. Prefabricated building element (1; 101) including a concrete body (4) and at least one thermal insulation main unit (5; 105) secured to the concrete body, the main unit being arranged to protrude from an upper face of the concrete body, the element being characterized in that it includes at least one thermal insulation and structural support secondary unit (8; 108) comprising a block of specific concrete having a thermal conductivity less than 1 watt per metre kelvin and reinforcements arranged in said block, the block and the main unit extending side by side so that said unit is anchored in said specific concrete block, the secondary unit (8; 108) being arranged so as to protrude from the upper face of the concrete body.
  2. Element according to Claim 1, in which the block (7) of thermally insulating material is made of mineral wool.
  3. Element according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, in which the concrete of the block of the secondary unit (8; 108) is a concrete with a thermal conductivity less than 0.6 watt per metre kelvin.
  4. Element according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the secondary unit (8; 108) is arranged so as to protrude the same height from the upper face of the concrete body (4) as the main unit (5; 105).
  5. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the construction element is a pre-slab (1; 101) .
  6. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the main unit (5; 105) is anchored in the concrete body (4).
  7. Method of manufacturing a prefabricated building element (1; 101) according to any one of the preceding claims including the steps of:
    - pouring specific concrete having a low thermal conductivity less than 1 watt per metre kelvin inside a space alongside at least one main unit and shuttered by said main unit,
    - letting the specific concrete set to form a thermal insulation and structural support secondary unit to which the main unit is also anchored.
EP16160937.5A 2015-03-17 2016-03-17 Prefabricated construction element and method for manufacturing such a prefabricated construction element Active EP3070222B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1552191A FR3033809B1 (en) 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 METHOD OF PROCESSING THERMAL BRIDGES, THERMAL INSULATION ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL BONDING ELEMENT AND PREDALLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENTS.
FR1552193A FR3033810B1 (en) 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 METHOD OF PROCESSING THERMAL BRIDGES, THERMAL INSULATION ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL BONDING ELEMENT AND PREDALLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENTS.

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EP3070222A1 EP3070222A1 (en) 2016-09-21
EP3070222B1 true EP3070222B1 (en) 2022-11-09

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3076309B1 (en) * 2017-12-29 2020-01-10 Omnium Technique D'etudes Et De Precontrainte INSULATING EDGE TAPE PREDALLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FLOOR WITH A THERMAL BRIDGE BREAK

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0866185B1 (en) * 1997-03-18 2003-03-19 SCHÖCK BAUTEILE GmbH Thermal insulation system
EP2706161B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2017-03-01 Kp1 Concrete pre-slab for construction of a building floor

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2861767B1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2008-06-20 Rector THERMAL BREAKER FOR CONCRETE FLOORS, PREFABRICATED SLAB EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A THERMAL BREAKER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FLOOR
FR2887905B1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-08-31 Lafarge Sa THERMAL BREAKER
FR2941725A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-06 Fabemi Gestion Parallelepiped block shaped thermal insulation element for construction block of e.g. longitudinal wall of concrete floor in building, has openings formed from lower and outer faces to open into housing to define assembling wall with block

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0866185B1 (en) * 1997-03-18 2003-03-19 SCHÖCK BAUTEILE GmbH Thermal insulation system
EP2706161B1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2017-03-01 Kp1 Concrete pre-slab for construction of a building floor

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FR3033811B1 (en) 2017-07-21
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PL3070222T3 (en) 2023-05-08
FR3033811A1 (en) 2016-09-23

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