FR2546556A1 - MODULAR THERMALLY INSULATING BUILDING BLOCK WITH FACING AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A thermally insulating modular construction unit comprising a thick exterior insulating panel (1) of substantially parallelepipedic shape, and a rigid and thin interior panel (4) which are parallel to each other and connected by spacer members (2, 62, 82), characterised in that the exterior panel (1) is covered on its large side opposed to the spacer members with a definitive facing (10) of a water-proof material resisting shocks and ultra-violet rays and decorative, and the exterior insulating definitive facing panel assembly (1 and 10) has, at its periphery, means (3, 55, 56) for recovering and canalizing water whereby it can flow and be discharged to the exterior.

Description

R 546556

  The exterior insulation of buildings is

  more and more in demand because it removes thermal bridges

  created by partitions and floors, and protects

  the carrier wall of thermal shock therefore cracks.

  However, the installation of such insulation must be carried out after the wall has been raised, outside

  of this one, and not only supposes the mounting of the elements

  insulation elements but also the installation of a

  waterproof to protect from rainwater

  the thermal insulation and therefore also the wall

  In addition, the connections to doors and

  windows are always delicate and time consuming.

  So even if the wall has been raised

  simply by means of modular elements, the

  the building is made complex and therefore

long and storytelling.

  The object of the present invention is to remedy these

  disadvantages in providing a modular building block

  area which allows both insulation to be installed

  thermal from the outside and a surface coating

  protective and decorative, as the elevation

  from the wall and without any particular operation.

  The object of this invention is in fact a building block which comprises a thick external insulating panel, of substantially parallelepiped shape,

  one of the large faces is coated with a definite facing

  tif of waterproof material, resistant to shock and ultraviolet rays, and decorative, while its large opposite face carries spacers spaced from connection to a rigid and thin inner panel, the opposite edges of the panels having, at least at proximity to the big face

  attached to the spacers, complementary shapes, and also

  means of evacuation of water to the outside,

the periphery of the block.

  These blocks can easily be juxtaposed and

  stacked to simultaneously provide thermal insulation

  as said from the outside, a concrete formwork constituting the load-bearing element of the wall, and the covering

  final exterior of this wall, so that no inter-

  vention outside is no longer necessary. The external facing may be formed by a coating or by a plate fixed directly to the panel or made integral with the latter by any appropriate means, in particular by spacers providing a blade

of air.

  The spacers can be made in one piece with one of the panels and fixed on the other This fixing is

  then either permanent and carried out in the factory, or carried out

  killed on site, so the block can be flattened

  ti, for example during transport or storage.

  Of course, the coated outer insulating panel

  of the facing may include a lateral extension and

thus titrate a corner element.

  The construction of a building is thus considered

  simplified and accelerated Indeed, no inter-

  vention outside the wall is not necessary and the aesthetic protective exterior appearance is obtained as soon as

place blocks.

  The description below of embodiments

  given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented

  in the accompanying drawings, will also highlight the advantages

  stages and characteristics of the invention.

  In the drawings: FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a block according to the invention, assembled with other similar blocks; Fig 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure-1; Fig 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 1; FIG. 4 shows, in partial horizontal section, the assembly of several Juxtaposed blocks in an inside corner of the building;

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a door

  wall in progress;

  fig 6 is a partial view, in horizontal section

  zontal, of a block according to an alternative embodiment, FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 of another alternative embodiment;

  Figs 8 and 9 are views similar to the figure

  gure 3, showing alternative embodiments of the facing.

  As the drawings show, a building block

  modular tion comprises a panel 1 of a thermo material

  mically insulating, which has a substantially parallel shape

  lepipedic, and a significant thickness, and forms the ele

outside the block.

  From one of the large rectangular flat faces of the panel 1 leave spacers 2 spaced apart from each other.

  others, which connect it to a second thin and rigid panel 4

  gide, on the whole parallel to the first.

  This second panel 4 constitutes the interior element

  of the block It can be made of the same iso- material

  lant panel 1, or be made of a more rigid material such as plaster, sheet metal, asbestos plate, wood, or a composite material formed by

  example of insulation and plaster In all cases it pre-

  feels an internal face 6, or face opposite to the spacers,

  smooth and well finished, suitable for direct use-

  is lying. In the same way, the thermal insulation of the panel 1 is covered, on its face 8 remote from the spacers,

  by a facing or outer skin 10 capable of pro-

  cover the insulation of rainwater, shocks and rays

  ultraviolet, and giving the block a finished appearance.

  may be of any suitable material and be made

  killed, for example, by a plate of asbestos-cement, reconstituted stone, terracotta, wood, plastic, or other material, or even by a possibly reinforced plaster, impact-resistant or the like This facing can, if necessary, turn around on the edges of the panel.

  The opposite sections 11, 12 and 13, 14 of the panel

  térieur 4 have complementary forms -It is the same-

  me for those of the outer panel 1, at least near the spacers 2, as clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 Indeed, the opposite vertical sections 15,16 of the

  panel 1 have complementary grooves and ribs

  res, while the horizontal sections 17,18 comprise, one a series of spaced studs 19, and the other a series

  corresponding recesses 20 for receiving these pads.

  The blocks can thus easily be juxtaposed and superimposed in a succession of layers or rows, preferably offset laterally with respect to each other (fig 5) The facing faces 21 and 22 of the panels 1 and 4 delimit a hollow volume simply traversed here and there by the spacers 2, and the assembled blocks form a formwork suitable for pouring concrete The nature and dimensions of the internal panel 4 and spacers 2 are chosen so as to have sufficient strength, so that a mortar spilled in the internal volume takes without deteriorating the least bit the blocks and that after this taking there is a portion of resistant and load-bearing wall, coated internally and provided externally

  thermal insulation and finished siding.

  The blocks are modular, the basic module being for example a small block such as that shown at 24 in FIG. 5, while most of the blocks used are double blocks 26 The corner blocks 28 having two

  substantially perpendicular sides correspond to the mo-

  dule and its double Thanks to this arrangement, window 30 and / or door blocks with the same module, having identical rebates, can be put in place during construction and allow installation,

  from the inside, from the window or the corresponding door

  laying, without intervention outside even for the re-

jointing or the like.

  Of course, concrete irons, sheaths and boxes

  electrical third parties, pipes or the like may be intro-

  duits in the hollow volume, before pouring the concrete and

to be drowned in it.

  Likewise, re-entrant corner elements 32 can be formed by means of a lateral extension 34 of the internal panel 4, which is perpendicular to this panel and connected, like it, to an external panel 31 by spacers 2

(fig 4).

  Thus, an entire building is easily made with blocks of four types or, if necessary, five types, simply by raising the walls from the inside, without

  need to intervene outside or during the

  vation of the wall or after, that is to say without requiring

scaffolding.

  Whatever the shape of panels 1 and 4, the

  spacers are preferably formed by straight bars

  one-piece lines with either of these.

  In the embodiment shown in Figures 1

  at 4, these bars came together with the two pan-

  neaux 1 and 4, which are both formed by the same insulating material, but it is often preferable to make the internal and external panels of materials

  different to allow them to play their res-

  In all cases, the bars 2 are spaced from one another laterally and vertically (fig 1),

  which facilitates the pouring of concrete.

  According to an alternative embodiment shown in Figure 6, the spacers 42 are foldable Each

  spacer is formed by a rod bent at its two ex-

  hoppers to form rings 43, 44, which are stapled in inserts 46, 47 mounted in the two panels 1 and 4 Such rods can be placed on the site, at the time of construction, which reduces the block at the sum of the thicknesses of the panels

  during storage and transport Preferably all

  However, at least one of the rings is pushed in during manufacture, as shown in FIG. 6, and the rod 42 is folded down along the panel during transport or storage, its final positioning being carried out on

the site.

  According to another variant, the spacers 52 are

  formed by profiles such as the U-shaped profile

  shown in Figure 7, and are glued at the factory to the

  facing faces 21 and 22 of panels 1 and 4.

  The facing 10, in the embodiment of Figures 2 to 5, has the same dimension as the outer surface 8 of the insulating panel 1, but it is obvious that the

  block may also include a facing having a dimension

  different sion, for example a facing 40 extending at the bottom of the panel 1, so as to cover

  partially the upper part 33 of a sub-block

  jacent (fig 8) Similarly, the facing can be offset from the panel, either laterally or in height,

either even in two ways.

  Whatever the position of the facing relative to the panel, this as well as the relative dimensions of these two elements are preferably chosen so as to provide on the external face of the block, that is to say the

  along the facade, open vertical and / or horizontal joints

  For example, as shown in Figure 2, the outer face 8 of the panel 1 is slightly smaller than the inner face 21 which carries the spacers 2 As a result, vertical open joints 35, 36 are formed between the neighboring facings 10 and the external faces of the panels Preferably, these joints communicate with decompression grooves 38 and are provided with a protective facing, so that rainwater or the like is discharged to the outside. Similarly, (fig 3), horizontal open seals, 56, are formed between the superimposed blocks. In the embodiment shown, these seals are delimited by inclined surfaces, which facilitates evacuation.

rain water.

  The facing can be formed by a thin element, as shown in 10 and 30, or by a plate

  relatively thick 50 (fig 9), which has tran-

  ches 5 î, 52, in the form of a rebate, cut correspondingly on its opposite edges Open joints can optionally be provided between the rebates 51, 52 of the facings of two adjacent blocks, but in

  all cases the water is evacuated to the outside.

  The outer insulating panel 1 is preferably

  made of a material such as expanded PVC, polys-

  expanded tyrene or foam material such as polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam,

  polyester with aggregates, or whatever.

  In all cases, the block thus produced allows simple and rapid construction. Floors or the like.

  are easily attached to the wall, by simple em-

  joists in the interior panel and immo-

  stabilization of these joists during the pouring of concrete The resumption of floor loads is done on the walls

concrete.

  The nature of the material used to make the blocks also makes it easy to cut them at an angle before pouring the filling concrete, to adapt them to the inclination of the roof. Panes or beams are mounted in the blocks in the same way as the

nlancher joists -

  The building thus produced can therefore have any desired shape while remaining extremely simple to assemble by means of modular blocks nested one inside the other No intervention on the outside of the wall as well

  is not necessary, nor for the installation of the fe-

  beings, neither for that of the doors, nor for the realization

  joints between blocks or between blocks and window.

Claims (13)

CLAIMS -   1 thermally modular building block   insulator, characterized in that it comprises an iso-   outer lantern (1), thick and substantially parallel in shape   the elepipedic, one of the large faces of which is coated with a permanent facing (10) made of a waterproof material, resistant to impact and to ultraviolet rays, and decorative, while its large opposite face carries spaced apart spacers ( 2) connecting to an interior panel   rigid and thin (4), and means (35, 38, 55) for evacuating   tion of the outwardly, on the periphery of the block -   2 Block according to claim 1, characterized in   what the opposite slices (11,12,15,16,17,18) of the pan-   near the large face fixed to the tors, complementary forms.   3 Block according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the facing consists of a   coating possibly armed, or by a plate.   4 Block according to one of claims l: to 3,   characterized in that in the vicinity of its outer face (8, 10) its edges form rebates (35,36,51,52)   guiding the water to the outside.   Block according to one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that the protective facing (40) is pro-   leads past the bottom of the insulation board.   6 Block according to one of claims 1 and 5,   characterized in that the spacers (2) are formed by straight bars in one piece with one of the   two panels (1, 4) and perpendicular to the oppo- of these panels.   7 Block according to one of claims 1 and 5,   characterized in that the spacers (2) are formed by removable rods (42) nested, at each of their ends, in an insert (46, 47) fixed in the material of the panel (1, 4).   8 Block according to one of claims 1 and 5,   characterized in that each spacer is formed by a U-shaped section (52), glued on both sides opposite (21, 22) panels.   9 Block according to one of the preceding claims -   teeth, characterized in that the thick outer insulating panel 51) has, on one of its edges (18) spaced recesses (20) and, on the opposite edge,   studs <19) of a shape complementary to that of the recesses.   10 Block according to one of the preceding claims.   teeth, characterized in that it comprises a side panel   thick ral extending the main panel (1) and also   ment provided with a facing, and thus constitutes a block of an- gle.   11 Block according to one of the preceding claims.   teeth, characterized in that it comprises two thin and rigid panels (4, 34) substantially perpendicular to each other, and both connected to the insulating panel   outside (31) to form a re-entrant corner block.   12 Method of construction of vertical walls   of a building without any intervention outside,   characterized in that it consists of having the following blocks   according to one of the preceding claims according to several   overlapping rows, in which the blocks are shifted   the strips relative to each other, by fitting the edges   ches of the adjacent blocks and the studs and recesses of the superimposed blocks, to place window and / or door blocks between the blocks by mounting them in the same way as these   last, pour a mortar into the hollow volume deli-   between the exterior insulating panels and the pan-   neaux thin interiors of these blocks, to wait for the setting of the concrete thus constituted, then to repeat the operations   previous to the desired height.   13 The method of claim 12, character-   laughed in that the facings (10, 40) and the iso- he   lants (1) of the assembled blocks form appropriate seals   required to evacuate rain or condensation water to   the exterior, either by covering, or by joints or-   greens (35, 36) channeling the water to the outside.   14 Method according to one of claims 12   and 13, characterized in that joists or   floor and / or roof support slabs in the pan-   inner layer (4) before pouring the concrete.