EP0565446B1 - Creation of closed or open living spaces such as verandas, pergolas, winter gardens or annexes - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction.

The invention relates more particularly to the production of closed or open living spaces, such as veranda, pergola, winter garden or annex to a dwelling.

The invention is particularly applicable to the realization of closed or open premises constituting spaces annexed to a main house in the context of the search for an enlargement of the living space from a house, preferably a single house, by realizing , in particular by resting on a wall of the house, an annexed volume closed or open and usable, depending on the degree of insulation provided, in any season or possibly in a period limited to fine weather.

There is a permanent need for the inhabitant, in particular a single house with the possibility of clearing, on a courtyard or garden, to seek, as the financial means increase or the family expands. improved comfort by increasing the living space.

This search for an increase in living space can be exercised in several directions, in particular the development of lost attic space, the construction of fitted cellars or even the construction of additional premises supported on a wall of the dwelling and can be largely open to the outside, in particular by the presence of large bay windows, which leads to the installation of verandas or winter gardens.

The external attached structures are generally produced from reinforcing elements assembled on site and manufactured from various materials, in particular wood or metallic profiles, in particular aluminum.

It is however desirable, within the framework of the increase in the habitable volume of a traditional stone house, to seek an aesthetic harmony between the added annex volume and the architecture and the general aesthetics of the main dwelling.

This result is difficult to achieve with the installation of wooden and especially metal verandas which give the external impression of a foreign body artificially attached to the house, especially when the latter responds to a regional style and is made from of traditional materials.

We can undoubtedly make verandas or additional living volumes from traditional hard materials, in particular stone and we know for this purpose techniques using traditional processes and using construction elements for the erection of pillars in particular in the form of overlapping bushels, for example of reconstituted stone and into which concrete can be poured, after placing a reinforcement.

And the pillars can support hollow elements forming lintels with a decorative exterior appearance capable of also receiving, after placing horizontal reinforcement, a concrete pour; these conventional techniques have the drawback of long-term immobilization liable to disturb the life of the occupants; it is indeed necessary to arrange the props under the elements forming lintels and constituting lost formwork which must be kept in place for the time necessary for the "setting" of the poured concrete.

In addition, the production of concrete on site necessarily entails the congestion linked to the supply of aggregates, bags of cement, their preparation, etc. and also projections and traces likely to harm the beautiful appearance of the front part of the house; moreover, these techniques, which are necessarily long to implement, require the use of specialized personnel for a considerable period of time and therefore represent a cost generally prohibitive compared to the production of annexed residential spaces from prefabricated elements. (wood or aluminum profile).

The invention aims to remedy these various drawbacks and makes it possible to produce annexed living spaces of the verandas, pergolas or attached parts type, from modular elements assembled on the site and not requiring the pouring of concrete or cement and by therefore likely to be set up extremely quickly.

The invention also makes it possible, according to a second object, to carry a structure with a beautiful appearance having the appearance of stone and therefore capable of harmonizing under conditions of total aesthetics and pleasing to the eye with the general appearance of the house when it is made from traditional materials and typical or regional architecture.

Finally, the invention thus makes it possible to set up a load-bearing structure with a stone appearance which can itself receive all kinds of arrangements, thus making it possible to produce a closed space on itself open to light or, on the contrary, obscured by opaque walls or possibly fully open for the realization of covered, closed terraces, pergolas or ancillary rooms.

To this end, the invention relates to a modular construction structure for the realization of closed or open living spaces, such as veranda, pergola, winter garden or residential annex, of the type in which elements forming are assembled together a frame capable of possibly receiving insulation walls, in particular roofs, glazing or walls.

• au moins deux éléments modulaires comprenant chacun:
  • a) une âme intérieure (5, 10) formée d'une section profilée rigide, creuse;
  • b) un corps intermédiaire de remplissage (4, 4') périphérique à ladite âme intérieure, le corps intermédiaire étant en matériau synthétique de structure alvéolaire rigide;
  • c) un parement extérieur (2, 2') réalisé à partir d'un liant hydraulique du type pierre reconstituée;
• et une éclisse (7, 11) interne, ladite âme intérieure (5, 10) de chaque élément étant apte à recevoir ladite éclisse de manière à réaliser la jonction de deux éléments adjacents.

According to the invention, the modular structure for the construction and for the erection of an annexed living space such as a veranda or the like, comprises:

• at least two modular elements each comprising:
  • a) an inner core (5, 10) formed of a rigid, hollow profiled section;
  • b) an intermediate filling body (4, 4 ′) peripheral to said inner core, the intermediate body being of synthetic material of rigid cellular structure;
  • c) an external facing (2, 2 ′) produced from a hydraulic binder of the reconstituted stone type;
• and an internal splint (7, 11), said inner core (5, 10) of each element being able to receive said splint so as to make the junction of two adjacent elements.

More specifically, the outer facing layer is attached to the alveolar intermediate body by means of an interstitial layer of a rigid material of incomplete structure made of expanded metal;

And according to an alternative embodiment, said incomplete structure is formed of a grid made of resin of the type known under the trademark KEVLAR reinforced with fiberglass.

According to yet another variant, the intermediate filling body is of expanded polyurethane.

The external facing is advantageously produced in the form of a cement-based binder of the CPA type with the incorporation of sand.

The invention relates more particularly to a modular structure produced from modular elements superimposed so as to erect a vertical column, the splint (7) of outside diameter corresponding with a small clearance to the inside diameter of the central core (5). , realizing the junction between two superimposed elements.

And in this embodiment, the intermediate filling body comprises a plurality of rigid tubes embedded in its mass, arranged parallel to the central core, the tubes belonging to two superimposed sleeves coming in extension and allowing the engagement of a splint tubular junction, internally straddling two butted co-linear tubes. Each splint and each core that it connects are joined by gluing, and are made of the same synthetic material, such as PVC.

The invention also relates, according to an advantageous characteristic, to an embodiment of a modular structure intended more specifically for the erection of a horizontal beam from butted modular elements, comprising a central inner core consisting of a metal profile with general quadrangular section open in U shape, a first vertical branch of the U profile being extended inward by an inverted L angle defining in its concave volume a housing for the reception of a connecting piece common to the horizontal modular elements abutted.

And in the context of this embodiment, the second branch of the U-shaped metal profile is extended by a veil inclined upwards and outwards forming the regidification core of an inclined facade provided with moldings and extending upwards the intermediate filling body to form an outer wall forming a pediment and coated with the facing.

The invention also relates, according to a preferred embodiment, to a modular structure made up of a plurality of modular elements assembled horizontally and a plurality of fishplates made of metal sections with an external section corresponding with a small clearance to the internal section of the metal sections. U-shaped and these fishplates allowing the junction by internal insertion of the overlapping fishplates on two sections belonging to two neighboring modular elements, the joining of these two adjacent elements, the fishplates and the two metal sections which they assemble being joined together, in particular by screwing.

And according to a development, the above structure comprises a connecting element common to all the modular elements defining the horizontal beam or lintel and consisting of a linear structure in unitary wood material of length corresponding to the length of the beam or lintel and this woody structure is of section allowing its insertion into the co-linear housings formed by the alignment of the angles in inverted L, belonging to the joined horizontal modular elements, said structure, in particular of the wooden chevron type, being secured by a plurality of screws passing through the profiled metal cores and the connecting ribs to penetrate the woody material of the unitary structure.

More preferably, the structure comprises a plurality of vertical modular elements for the erection of columns or pillars, and a plurality of horizontal modular elements for the establishment of a horizontal beam or lintel, as well as junction nodes allowing the joining between the top of a column or pillar and the end of one or more horizontal beam or brush, these junction nodes comprising a base provided with a central sleeve allowing the connection to the vertical element located at the top of the pillar by engagement of a tubular splint astride the sleeve belonging to the vertical element defining the top of the pillar and on the sleeve belonging to the base of said junction node, and the junction node comprises at least one, and preferably two or more lateral feeders disposed at 90 ° relative to the direction of the sleeve belonging to l base of said junction node, each lateral departure comprising a metal U-shaped section of section corresponding to the profile constituting the webs of the modular elements p or the erection of a horizontal beam or lintel and thus allowing, by engagement of a metal splice joint, the joining of said start on the horizontal modular element ending said beam or lintel.

• la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective, avec arraché patiel de plusieurs éléments modulaires verticaux assemblés pour l'érection d'une colonne ou pilier;
• la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe horizontale d'un élément modulaire vertical pour l'érection d'un pilier;
• la figure 3 représente une vue en élévation de la colonne ou pilier assemblé;
• la figure 4 représente une vue en perspective des éléments modulaires horizontaux assemblés pour conformer une poutre ou corniche horizontale;
• la figure 5 représente une vue en coupe d'un élément modulaire horizontal correspondant à ce qui est représenté en perspective à la figure 4;
• la figure 6 représente une vue en élévation d'une tête de colonne ou pilier avec le départ des linteaux ou poutres latérales;
• la figure 7 représente une vue en perspective de l'assemblage d'une tête de colonne sur un élément de jonction permettant la solidarisation de la tête de colonne sur les éléments de corniche ou linteaux latéraux;
• la figure 8 représente une vue d'ensemble d'une tête de colonne supportant, vue en coupe, un élément horizontal définissant une corniche ou linteau avec le départ de la couverture.
• la figure 9 représente une vue de dessus en perspective d'un noeud de jonction et le départ latéral d'une corniche.

Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the description which follows, in relation to a particular embodiment, with reference to the attached drawings.

• Figure 1 shows a perspective view, with cutaway of several vertical modular elements assembled for the erection of a column or pillar;
• 2 shows a horizontal sectional view of a vertical modular element for the erection of a pillar;
• Figure 3 shows an elevational view of the assembled column or pillar;
• FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of the horizontal modular elements assembled to conform a horizontal beam or cornice;
• 5 shows a sectional view of a horizontal modular element corresponding to what is shown in perspective in Figure 4;
• FIG. 6 represents an elevation view of a column or pillar head with the departure of the lintels or lateral beams;
• FIG. 7 represents a perspective view of the assembly of a column head on a junction element allowing the column head to be secured to the cornice elements or lateral lintels;
• FIG. 8 represents an overall view of a column head supporting, seen in section, a horizontal element defining a cornice or lintel with the start of the cover.
• FIG. 9 represents a top view in perspective of a junction node and the lateral departure of a cornice.

According to all the figures, it can be seen that within the framework of the invention, two types of modular elements are used, namely vertical modular elements intended for the erection of pillars or colones and horizontal modular elements intended by joining to the formation of horizontal beams, cornices or lintel.

The structure of the modular elements as it was previously defined, remains substantially the same in both cases and it comprises from the outside to the inside a facing layer formed of a hydraulic binder reinforced by a rigid, incomplete structure, an intermediate filling material formed from a rigid expanded resin and a hollow rigid inner core allowing, by insertion of a connection bar, the joining of two neighboring elements and the conformation of a column or pillar on the one hand, or of a cornice, lintel or horizontal beam, on the other hand.

The vertical elements illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 more specifically include the following structure:

They consist of a modular block 1 coated from the outside with a facing coating 2 providing the appearance and aesthetics of a stone facing and constituted by a quadruple frame winding frame 3 preferably of a nature mixed glass and resin known under the brand KEVLAR the warp resistance is 180 daN / cm and 165 daN / cm weft.

The coating itself consists of a white cement CPA 55 dosed at about 550 kg per m ³ of sand, with a particle size between 0.3 to 0.75 mm with the addition of a plasticizer and a carrier of air.

The minimum thickness obtained by this reinforced plaster is 20 mm.

• Densité: 45 kg/m³
• Résistance à la compression et développement: 2,7 kg/cm²
• Résistance à la traction et développement: 5,2 kg/cm²
• Coefficient d'isolation: environ 0,02 kg Calorie/MH°C.

The internal mass of block 1 is formed by a polyurethane insulator 4, the characteristics of which can be defined as follows:

• Density: 45 kg / m ³
• Compressive strength and development: 2.7 kg / cm ²
• Tensile strength and development: 5.2 kg / cm ²
• Insulation coefficient: approximately 0.02 kg Calorie / MH ° C.

The inner core of the modular element is formed by a tubular sleeve 5 made of compact PVC with a diameter of 140 mm and a thickness of 4 mm, making it possible to receive a connecting bar 7 also made of PVC capable of being secured by bonding; the internal dimensions of the sleeves forming the core of the block and of the tubular splices allow the interlocking of the splint inside the sleeves straddling two sleeves belonging to two neighboring blocks as shown in FIG. 1.

Preferably, the connection of the splint 7 on the inner sleeves 5 is carried out by an adhesive based on PVC and strong solvent, thus realizing a true cold weld by surface dissolution of the PVC belonging to the two assembled elements.

This connection thus produced between the sleeves 5 forming the core of the elements defining a column or pillar, makes it possible to participate in the mechanical characteristics of load recovery and also makes it possible to ensure a role of reservation of the descent of rainwater.

Finally, the rigid polyurethane mass has internally embedded tubes 6, for example four in number, and arranged parallel to the central sleeve; these aluminum tubes constitute connecting and load-taking elements; they are assembled from one block to another, being arranged in a co-linear manner by insertion of tubular connecting splices 8 arranged internally and straddling two tubes belonging to two superimposed vertical blocks.

The seal between the vertical blocks intended to make a column or pillar together can be obtained by a flexible seal made of PVC foam with closed cell and coated with butyl.

The erection of a pillar or column is made from reservations made in a foundation allowing to perform a sealing by insertion in each of these four reservations, threaded rods (not shown), which are chemically sealed in the foundation by a resin, in particular of the epoxy acrylate type.

Thus sealed at their base, the vertical modular elements can be assembled; this elevation is effected by a set of interlocking of the aluminum tubes 8 in the tubes 6 at the heart of the vertical elements and the cylindrical ribs 7 within the tubular cores formed from the PVC sleeves 5.

This proceeds to the installation of aluminum tubular ribs 8 inside the receiving tubes 6 of the lower element.

At the same time, the tubular splint 7 is bonded to the heart of the PVC core 5 of the upper element which will be included in the corresponding sleeve of the lower element; by simultaneous fitting of the central sleeves and the peripheral tubes, the alignment, the stability and the resumption of the loads are ensured; this assembly giving compression to around 10% of the previously described seal and placed between two superimposed elements ensures perfect sealing which will be completed by a traditional seal between the superimposed blocks.

The horizontal modular elements 9 according to the invention intended for the conformation of a cornice, lintel or horizontal beam, have the same structure as previously described; these elements illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 8 therefore have on the outside a facing coating identical to that defined above for the blocks or vertical modular elements; in the case of horizontal modular elements, the reinforcement of the hydraulic binder 2 'consists of a grid of galvanized expanded metal 3'.

The central mass consists of a polyurethane insulation 4 'identical in nature to what has been indicated and described above for the vertically superimposed blocks.

The inner core of the horizontal elements consists of a metallic profile in galvanized steel, with a thickness of 2 mm constituting the framework of the horizontal modular elements; these metal profiles 10 forming the core of the horizontal modular blocks receive profiles 11 of complementary conformation allowing the interlocking of these complementary profiles 11 forming a splint inside the profiles 10 to ensure the junction, the bonding and the joining of two horizontal modular blocks assembled end to end.

As can be seen in FIGS. 4, 5 and 8, the metal section forming the core of the horizontal modular blocks has a general U-shaped structure open upwards; a lateral branch of the U has a return 10a towards the interior forming an L-shaped angle iron whose concavity is capable of receiving a beam for example, a chevron of quadrangular section, capable of subsequently conforming the plate failure 12 for receiving the supports and of the roof framing, as seen in Figure 8.

The branch 10b of the U conforming to the profile 10, opposite the angle 10a, conforms a veil arranged while going up towards the outside and serves as support and frame for a molded facade.

The profile forming a splint 11 is advantageously secured to the woody element 12 by screwing, the screw 12a penetrating both the latter and the profile 10 forming the core of the horizontal modular element; the splint is thus secured to two profiles 10 belonging to two neighboring modular elements ensuring their bonding and the cohesion of the assembly.

The tightness between two horizontal elements is obtained as previously by a cord of the closed cell cellular PVC type, with butyl coating.

Finally, within the framework of the invention, elements forming a junction node between the head of a pillar or column are used. and the end elements belonging to a cornice or lateral lintel, as illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 9.

For this purpose, blocks are used defining either a central cornice allowing the connection of two co-linear cornice elements on a column, or a corner junction node allowing the support on a column head of two cornice elements arranged, for example, at right angles.

To this end, the junction nodes 13 (FIGS. 6 and 7) arranged at the head of the columns have a base 14 of structure identical to that of the vertical modular elements and consequently comprising a central sleeve 5 ′ and peripheral connection tubes 6 ′ ; this junction node can thus rest on the head of a column as seen in Figures 6 and 7; the junction node 13 is linked by the ribs ensuring the joining of this junction node, on the one hand, on the peripheral tubes and on the other hand, on the central sleeve.

Laterally, the junction node has two outlets provided with profiled metal cores 10 'which will therefore allow, by insertion of a splint 11', the joining of the neighboring modular element 9 'constituting the end of the cornice on said node junction.

The overall cornice 14 can receive a prefabricated roof 15 resting on the sand pit 12 and in this case, in reception of rainwater formed of a gutter of the Nantes slab type 16, the vertical flow being able to borrow the conduit formed by the superposition of the sleeves forming the soul of the vertical elements of the pillars.

Claims (13)

1. Modular structure for the construction and erection of an annexed living space such as verandah or the like, comprising:

   - at least two modular elements, each comprising

   a) an inner core (5, 10) formed by a hollow, rigid, profiled section;

   b) an intermediate filling body (4, 4') peripheral with respect to said inner core, the intermediate body being made of synthetic material of rigid cellular structure;

   c) an outer facing (2, 2') made from a hydraulic binder of the reconstituted stone type;

   - and an inner splice (7, 11), said inner core (5, 10) of each element being adapted to receive said splice so as to effect join of two adjacent elements.
2. Modular structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer facing layer (2, 2') is added on the cellular intermediate body via an interstitial layer of a rigid material of lattice structure made of galvanized unfolded metal.
3. Modular structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer facing layer (2, 2') is added on the cellular intermediate body via an interstitial layer of a rigid material of lattice structure formed by a grid made of resin of the type known under the Trademark KEVLAR reinforced with glass fiber.
4. Modular structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate filling body (4, 4') is of expanded polyurethane.
5. Modular structure according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer facing is advantageously made in the form of a binder based on cement of the CPA type with incorporation of sand.
6. Modular structure according to one of Claims 1 to 5, made from superposed modular elements so as to erect a vertical column in which the core is constituted by a central cylindrical sleeve, the splice (7) having an outer diameter corresponding with a slight clearance to the inner diameter of said core (5), effecting join between two superposed elements.
7. Modular structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the intermediate filling body (4) comprises a plurality of rigid tubes (6) embedded in its mass, disposed parallel to the central core (5), the tubes (6) belonging to two superposed sleeves coming in line and allowing the engagement of a tubular joining splice (8), internally astride two butt-jointed colinear tubes.
8. Modular structure according to one of Claims 6 or 7, characterized in that each splice (7) and each core (5) that it joins are connected by adhesion and are made in the same synthetic matter, such as PVC.
9. Modular structure according to one of Claims 1 to 5, for making a horizontal beam or lintel from butt-jointed modular elements, the structure comprising a central inner core constituted by a metal profile (10) of generally open U-shaped quadrangular section, a first vertical flange of the U-section being inwardly extended by an inverted L angle (10 a), defining in its concave volume a housing for receiving a connecting piece (12) common to the butt-jointed horizontal modular elements.
10. Modular structure according to Claim 9, characterized in that the second flange of the metal U-shaped section (10) extends by a web (l0b) inclined upwardly and outwardly, forming the rigidification core of an inclined facade provided with mouldings and extending the intermediate filling body (4') upwardly to constitute an outer wall forming front wall and coated with the facing.
11. Modular structure according to one of Claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it is constituted by a plurality of modular elements assembled horizontally, and by a plurality of splices constituted by metal profiles (11) of outer section corresponding, with a slight clearance, to the inner section of the metal U-profiles (10), and these splices allowing the join by internal insertion of the splices astride two profiles belonging to two adjacent modular elements (9), the connection of these two adjacent elements, the splices and the two metal profiles that they assemble being connected together, particularly by screwing (12a).
12. Modular structure according to one of Claims 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises a connecting element common to all the modular elements defining the horizontal beam or lintel and constituted by a linear structure (12) of unitary ligneous material of length corresponding to the length of the beam or lintel (14) and this ligneous structure is of section allowing insertion thereof in the colinear housings formed by the alignment of the inverted L angles (10a), belonging to the butt-jointed horizontal modular elements (9), said structure, particularly of the wooden rafter type, being connected by a plurality of screws (12a) traversing the sectioned metal cores (10) and the connecting splices (11) to penetrate in the ligneous material of the unitary structure.
13. Modular structure according to one of Claims 11 or 12, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of vertical modular elements (1) for the erection of columns or pillars, and a plurality of horizontal modular elements (9) for positioning a horizontal beam or lintel (14), as well as connections (13) allowing connection between the top of a column or pillar and the end of one or more horizontal beams or pillars (14), these connections comprising a base provided with a central sleeve (5) allowing connection on the vertical element located at the top of the pillar by engagement of a tubular splice (7) astride the sleeve belonging to the vertical element defining the top of the pillar and on the sleeve belonging to the base of said connection and the connection comprises at least one and preferably two or more lateral returns disposed at 90° with respect to the direction of the sleeve belonging to the base of said connection, each lateral return comprising a metal profile (10') of U-section corresponding to the profile (10) constituting the core of the modular element (9) for the erection of a horizontal beam or lintel (14) and thus allowing, by engagement of a metal joining splice (11') the connection of said return (10') on the horizontal modular element terminating said beam or lintel.

Images