FR2771118A1 - EARTHENWARE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT USED AS AN ACCESSORY - Google Patents

Abstract

This element is used in the realization of a wall or similar with bricks each having a height (H), a width (1) corresponding to the width of the wall produced as well as a length.It has at least two parts (4 , 6) separate connected by breakable connecting bridges (8). Each part (4, 6) has a height (H) and a width (1) substantially equal to the height and width of the corresponding bricks. Each part (4, 6) ) has a different length from the length of a brick as well as each other part (6, 4) of the construction element to which it is connected by the breakable bridges (8).

Description

The present invention relates to a terracotta building element

  used as an accessory in the construction of a wall or similar. It relates more particularly to the production of a wall for which it is only necessary to carry out an assembly of bricks without having to double it with an insulating partition. Such a wall is known to those skilled in the art under the name of monomur. For the realization of a monomur, rows of bricks are made one above the other. A mortar, or sometimes also an adhesive, is used to

  ensuring the connection between the bricks. Between two adjacent rows, care is taken to always have an offset, so that two bricks are not substantially15 on top of each other.

  A wall does not only have sections of wall but also windows, doors and other "discontinuities". It is also necessary to make posts and lintels in the wall to stiffen the construction. Near a discontinuity, it is necessary to use construction elements having a shape different from that of bricks

  used for the realization of a wall section.

  At a window or a door, the bricks being shifted from one row to another, it is necessary to use a brick of reduced size to have two substantially vertical uprights. Such a brick is called an end brick or even a complementary brick. It has a substantially flat face intended to be disposed on the side of the window, so as to have a substantially planar upright, and its opposite face

  comes to apply against the neighboring brick.

  At the junction of a wall with a floor, to correct the difference in bare, hide the chaining and restore the uniformity of the facade material, use a thin brick arranged

  on edge and which is called planelle.

  At a door or window, a lintel is generally made. A post / lintel brick is then used which is of parallelepiped shape with a substantially square recess opening into one face of the brick. The shape of the brick in top view then recalls a U. Such bricks are assembled so that the recesses are located next to each other. A reservation is thus made in which

  metal rods are introduced, then embedded in concrete to form a post or lintel.

  Just as lintels are made at the top of doors and windows, posts are generally provided at the end of the wall, at an angle, in order to reinforce the construction carried out. The same post / lintel bricks are also used to make a post as for a lintel. These bricks

  are simply arranged in another orientation.

  To make a post, it is necessary to have an accessory element, such as a planelle, or a brick of appropriate size, then called complementary brick, to integrate a post / lintel brick in a

  construction without creating a continuity solution.

  All these various "obstacles" which are in the realization of a construction lead to provide single or double planelles, end bricks and additional bricks, possibly of various widths, in the catalogs of brick manufacturers in order to adapt to all possible situations

present during a construction.

  This therefore leads to the management of numerous references for the manufacturer and does not simplify the

mounting a wall.

  The present invention aims to provide a terracotta building element, used as an accessory for the realization of a wall or the like, which is almost universal, that is to say that for a type of

  given brick, it makes it possible to meet all the needs arising during the realization of a construction, as well at the level of the lintels of doors and windows, 5 as of the posts and the amounts of doors and windows.

  To this end, it offers a terracotta building element intended to be used as

  accessory in the production of a wall or the like with bricks or the like, each having a height, a width corresponding to the width of the wall or the like produced, as well as a length.

  According to the invention, this element comprises at least two distinct parts connected by breakable connecting bridges, each part has a height and a width substantially equal to the height and width of the corresponding bricks or equivalent, and each part

  has a length different from the length of a brick or equivalent as well as of each other part of the building element to which it is connected by 20 breakable bridges.

  This building element can be used in many cases of figures which arise during the construction of a brick wall. One can either use the whole element as a complementary brick, end brick or double planar, or one or more constituent parts of this can be used.

  element as post / lintel complement element, as end fitting or as simple planelle.

  In a preferred embodiment, the building element according to the invention has two parts. This allows three scenarios: either

  the building element according to the invention is used as a whole, or only the smallest part of this element is used, or then the largest part.

  When the element according to the invention is used as a whole, it can serve as an additional brick,

  end brick or double planelle. When only one of the parts of this element is used, it can serve as an element of complement, element of post, simple planelle5 or element of end.

  It is thus seen that for a single element in two parts, the possibilities of implementation are numerous. When the building element according to the invention has only two parts and is intended for making a wall with bricks or the like, each brick or equivalent having on its two vertical faces extending in the width direction of the wall made of an interlocking, male on one side, female on the opposite side, then this construction element advantageously has two vertical faces extending in the width direction of the wall substantially planar, a vertical face extending in the direction the width of the wall with a male socket and a fourth vertical face with a female socket. We can thus use the building element as an accessory by fitting this element or one of its constituent parts with a brick and we can also benefit from a

relatively flat surface.

  In this latter embodiment, each part of the building element preferably comprises a vertical face extending across the width of the flat wall and its opposite vertical face preferably comprises a socket, male or female. Thus, each part of the building element can serve as both a planelle and a complementary brick. In this case, the breakable bridges are preferably placed between a flat face and a face having a female socket. This arrangement is advantageous when the element is obtained

by extrusion.

  In order to have good thermal insulation in construction, each part of the construction element advantageously comprises cells passing through the part over its entire height. The latter preferably have an elongated section, the elongated shape of the cells of at least one part extending in the width direction while for at least one other part it extends in the length direction. In any case, the invention will be well understood at

  using the following description, with reference to the drawing

  diagram attached, showing by way of nonlimiting example a preferred embodiment of a terracotta building element intended to be

  used as an accessory according to the invention.

  Figure 1 is a perspective view, Figure 2 shows a part of the element according to the invention in top view, Figure 3 shows a top view of the other part of the element, and Figures 4 to 7 show schematically of

  examples of applications of an element according to the invention.

  Figure 1 shows a terracotta element 2 consisting of two parts 4 and 6 connected to each other

by breakable bridges 8.

  The building element has a height H, a width 1 and a total length L corresponding to the sum of the lengths L4 and L6 of each part 4 and 6 respectively. This building element is intended to take place in a construction carried out using bricks and comprising walls with openings such as doors or windows. These bricks are arranged in

  successive rows placed one on top of the other.

  Each brick has a height which corresponds to the height of a row made by placing bricks next to each other, a width which corresponds to the width of the wall or row made as well as a length which corresponds to the third size of the brick. In this example, it is a brick wall with vertical perforation or advantageously a monomur, that is to say a wall for which it is unnecessary5 to associate a specific insulator with the wall produced at the help bricks to meet standards for thermal insulation. The dimensions of the building element 2 correspond to the dimensions of the bricks with which it is used. There is thus a height H and a width 1 of the construction element equal to the height and width of the bricks used. The total length L of the building element 2 is less than the length of a brick. The length L4 of the first part 4 of

  the construction element is less than the length L6 of the second part 6.

  The first part 4 has two faces intended to take place vertically in the final construction and which extend in the direction of the width of the element 2. A first face 10 has two pins 12 extending in the direction of the height of element 2. This face 10 therefore forms a male socket and has the same shape as a face forming a male socket of a brick (not shown in details). The second face 14 intended to be placed vertically and extending in the width direction is substantially planar. It only has a few shallow grooves to allow better grip with a mortar used in an assembly with other parts of the construction carried out. This flat face 14 can be used to form a part of an amount of

window or door.

  The second part 6 has two faces intended to take place vertically in the final construction and which extend in the width direction of the element 2. A first face 16 has a mortise 18 extending in the height direction of element 2. The mortise 18 has a shape complementary to the two tenons 12 of the face 10 of the first part 4. The first face 16 of the second part therefore forms a female socket and has the same shape as a forming face an interlocking

  female of a brick (not shown in detail).

  The second face 20 intended to be placed vertically and extending in the width direction is

  substantially flat. It has the same characteristics as those of the flat face 14 of the first part 4.

  In order to have good thermal insulation, the parts 4 and 6 of the construction element are provided with cells 22. In each part 4 and 6, the cells 2215 pass through the entire part in the direction of the height. These cells have an elongated substantially rectangular section. In part 4 of the construction element, the cells 22 are arranged in parallel and extend in the direction of the length L4 of the part 4 while in the other part 6 of the element, the cells 22 are arranged parallel and extend in the direction of the

width 1 of part 6.

  The breakable bridges 8 connect the flat face 14 of the first part 4 and the female face 16 of the second part 6. The two constituent parts of the construction element can be easily separated by breaking the bridges using a mason's hatchet or a chisel and hammer. The connection of these bridges 8 with parts 4 and 6 is made by a weakened connection zone

narrow.

  Figures 4 to 7 show two applications of a

  construction element according to the invention.

  Figures 4 and 5 show in top view each a row of bricks at a re-entrant angle. The rows shown in these figures

  correspond to two adjacent rows.

  Each row of bricks comprises, in addition to bricks 24, a post / lintel brick 26 placed at the corner. This post / lintel brick 26, known to those skilled in the art, is a brick of the same height and the same width as a brick 24 but has a shorter length. In addition, this post / lintel brick 26 is provided with a recess 28 of square section which extends over the entire height of the post / lintel brick 26. This recess 28 opens into a lateral face of the post / lintel brick 26 and in top view, the latter then has a shape reminiscent of a U. The recesses 28 of two adjacent rows (Figures 4 and 5) must be located one above the other. In addition, two bricks 24 or even the two post / lintel bricks 26 must not be positioned exactly one on the other. For the good mechanical resistance of the construction carried out, a

  overlap of bricks 24 and 26 is necessary.

  The recesses 28 are intended to be filled with reinforced concrete so that by filling several recesses 28 a post or a lintel is formed to

stiffen the construction.

  In a first row (Figure 4) the post / lintel brick 26 is arranged in alignment with the bricks of a branch forming the angle while in the second row (Figure 5) the post / lintel brick 26 is arranged in alignment with the bricks of the other branch forming the angle. In each row, part of the construction element 2, here the smallest part 4, is aligned with the post / lintel brick 26 at the end

  of the branch, at the angle.

  Figures 6 and 7 show two adjacent rows of bricks for the construction of a post in a continuous wall. In the first row (Figure 6), a post / lintel brick 26 is mounted between the bricks 24

constituting the row.

  In the second row (Figure 7), the post / lintel brick 26 is rotated 90 relative to the position of a similar brick in the first row. 5 So that the wall produced does not present a solution of continuity on its faces inside and outside, the two parts 4 and 6 of the construction element 2 are arranged next to the post / lintel brick 26. The large part 6 of the construction element is arranged so as to connect the two branches of the U post / lintel brick 26 and to close

  the recess 28 thereof, while the small part 4 comes into alignment with the bricks 24, between such a brick and the assembly formed by the post / lintel brick 2615 and the large part 6.

  Figures 4 to 7 show two examples of the use of a building element 2 according to the invention. Of course, such a construction element can find an application in many other cases. For example, each part 4 and 6 having a flat face, it can be used as an end element for the production of a window or door jamb. By using construction elements according to the invention, it is unnecessary to have many different types of accessory elements in stock. By using such an element as a whole, it can serve as a double planelle or else as a complementary brick or even as an end brick. By using only one part of this element, one can have two simple planelles of different thicknesses, or two different column elements, two different complementary elements or two

end elements.

  Taking the example of a planelle, the construction element according to the invention makes it possible to have a double planelle whose thickness corresponds to the length L of all O10 the construction element 2, or else a simple planelle whose thickness corresponds to the length L4 of the small part 4 of this element or else to the length L6 of the large part 6 of this element. Likewise for the complementary bricks, we can have bricks which have either a length L, or a length L4 or even a length L6. It is therefore unnecessary to have many references of complementary bricks and planelles in stock, it is enough to have construction elements

  according to the invention, that is to say only one type of element.

  Thanks to the invention, the costs of storage and management of stocks and references can be significantly reduced. Similarly, for the mason who carries out a construction, it is easier to have only one type of accessory construction element to satisfy

  to his needs in all cases.

  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above by way of nonlimiting example; on the contrary, it embraces all

variants.

  Thus, for example, the building element could consist of three or even four parts of different lengths. We would then obtain more possibilities of combinations. This would increase

  however the cost price of the building element.

  It is possible to arrange the two parts forming the construction element differently from one another. The connecting bridges could for example connect the two flat vertical faces of the two

parts.

  The cells made in each of the parts of the building element can be arranged differently from the way they are arranged in the example above. They could very well be oriented in both parts in the direction of the

length or width.

Claims (7)

  1. Terracotta building element (2) intended to be used as an accessory in the construction of a wall or the like with bricks (24) or the like, each having a height (H), a width (1) corresponding to the width of the wall or the like produced as well as a length, characterized in that it comprises at least two distinct parts (4,6) connected by bridges (8) of breakable connection, in that each part (4,6) has a height (H) and a width (1) substantially equal to the height and width of the corresponding bricks or equivalents, and in that each part (4,6) has a length (L4, L6) different from the length of a brick or equivalent as well as each other part (6,4) of the building element to which it is connected by the breakable bridges (8).   2. Construction element according to the claim   tion 1, characterized in that it has two parts (4.6).   3. Construction element according to the claim   tion 2 for the realization of a wall with bricks (24) or equivalent, each brick or equivalent having on its two vertical faces extending in the direction of the width of the wall produced an interlocking, male on one face, female on the opposite face, characterized in that it has two vertical faces (14; 20) extending in the width direction of the wall substantially planar, a vertical face (10) extending in the direction of the width of the wall with a male socket (12) and a fourth vertical face (20) with a female socket (18).   4. Construction element according to the claim   tion 3, characterized in that each part (4,6) of the building element has a vertical face (14; 20) extending across the width of the flat wall and in that its opposite vertical face (10; 16 ) has a socket (12; 18), male or female. 5 5. Building element according to claim 4, characterized in that the breakable bridges (8) are placed between a flat face (14) and a face (16) having a female socket (18). 6. Building element according to one of   claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each part   (4,6) of the building element has cells   (22) passing through the part (4,6) over its entire height.   7. Construction element according to claim 6, characterized in that the cells (22) have a section of elongated shape, the elongated shape of the cells of at least part extending in the direction of the   width while for at least one other part it extends lengthwise.