FR2732058A1 - BUILDING BLOCK ASSEMBLY - Google Patents

Abstract

This set of blocks, which have a general rectangular parallelepipedal shape, is intended to allow the construction of the wall of a building having at least one rectangular opening (P, F) - or bay - whose vertical faces called "tables" must receive a peripheral coating of thickness (e); this set comprises at least three types of blocks of different lengths, namely: - standard blocks (1) of given length L; - "table" blocks (3) of length L - e; - blocks (4) - known as "array" block fractions, some of which have a length t L - e and others a length (1 - t) L - e, t being a decimal number between 0.33 and 0.66. The use of these blocks avoids having to resort to cuts. Building construction.

Description

BUILDING BLOCK ASSEMBLY

  The present invention relates to a set of building blocks which have the general shape of rectangular parallelepipeds intended to be laid on each other.

  others, these blocks being for example of the cinderblock type.

  The invention more specifically concerns building blocks intended to form the wall of a building, for example the facade of a house, this wall having at least one rectangular opening such as a door and / or a window, opening

  commonly referred to as "bay".

  A bay is delimited laterally by two vertical walls called "tables". The upper wall is called "lintel" while the lower wall is

  called "threshold" or "support", depending on whether it is a door or a window.

  Traditionally, the blocks are arranged end-to-end in horizontal rows, and the rows are superimposed on each other in a staggered manner.

  more often with a shift of one third to one half block.

  To compensate for this shift, the blocks located at the edge of the wall, said

  end blocks or table blocks, are fractions of blocks.

  When the facade has bays, that is openings such as doors and / or windows, it is often necessary to cut blocks adjacent to the window.

  bay so that they have the desired size, dependent on the location of the bay.

  The cutting, which is done on the site, is a tedious and expensive operation, source of rejection for sometimes large portions of the broken blocks,

portions that are unusable.

  To solve this problem, it was thought to inscribe the tables in the modularity of the construction by sizing and positioning them so that the location of their lateral edges coincides with the end of an entire block or

a prefabricated half block.

  However, this solution poses a problem due to the fact that the frame of the bay must receive a peripheral coating, for example a coating, which will seal and / or finish the masonry surrounding it, coating which 'thickness

  is not negligible, usually of the order of two centimeters.

  For example, if standard blocks or standard halfblocks are used, it is understood that the thickness e of the coating will be added twice to the length of the blocks located at the right of the bay, and it is therefore not possible to maintain the modularity of

  construction for rows above or below the bay.

  The problem is particularly problematic when dealing with blocks whose splicing is done dry, as is the case, for example for the blocks described in document FR-B 2 685 371. Indeed, with Such blocks, it is not desirable to fill the space between two neighboring blocks by mortar to increase the laying length of several blocks of the same row, thus compensating the coating thickness. Such a solution leads to a lack of homogeneity in the facade. The invention aims to solve this problem by proposing a set - or family - of blocks that make it possible to achieve a modular construction for a facade comprising at least one bay without it being necessary to provide

cuts for some blocks.

  This set is remarkable in that it comprises at least three types of blocks of the same thickness, of the same height, but of different lengths, namely: - so-called standard blocks - of given length L; - so-called "array" blocks - of length L - e; - blocks - called "table" block fractions, some of which have a length t L - e and others a length (1 - t) L - e, where t is a decimal number

between 0.33 and 0.66.

  Moreover, according to a number of advantageous, non-limiting features of the invention: said "block" block fractions (4) all have the same length, equal to L / 2 - e; these blocks have abutments having complementary interlocking profiles, for example of the tenon-mortise type, which allow their connection to dry; the "table" blocks and "table" block fractions have interlocking profiles only on one of their two end faces, their other face being flat; a pair of "block" block fractions are made in one piece by molding a so-called "Siamese" block in which the two fractional blocks are connected

  by one or more frangible fasteners.

  In this case, the two fractions of blocks are preferably arranged

  spade, flat face facing outwards and fasteners between the nesting profiles

mentioned above.

  Preferably the "Siamese" block has a length equal to L - e, that is to say a length identical to that of the "table" blocks, so that it is possible to simultaneously manipulate "Siamese" blocks and blocks. "table" using a system

grasping forceps.

  In a particular embodiment, the two block fractions of the block

"Siamese" have the same length.

  Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the

  description and accompanying drawings which show, by way of example only, no

  limiting, preferred embodiments.

  In these drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a facade comprising bays under construction by means of blocks belonging to an assembly according to the invention; - Figures 2 and 3 are schematic top views of a block "table" and a block "Siamese" respectively; the Siamese block being formed of two fractions of blocks of the same length; FIG. 3A is a schematic view from above of a Siamese block in which the two block fractions have a different length; FIG. 4 illustrates the separation of two "tableau" half-blocks from the "Siamese" block of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view from above illustrating the possibility of simultaneously manipulating several "table" blocks and several "Siamese" blocks; FIG. 6 represents, in a view from below, a "Siamese" block in an embodiment designed so that the blocks can dry together;

  FIG. 7 represents the same block cut by a longitudinal vertical plane;

  nal referenced VII-VII in Figure 6; - Figure 8 is a section of the same block along a broken cross sectional plane designated VIII-VIII in Figure 6; - Figure 9 is a bottom view of a block "table", also intended to be butted dry, and compatible with the half-block "table" constituting the block "Siamese" of Figures 6 to 8; FIG. 10 represents the block of FIG. 9 cut by a vertical plane

  longitudinal referenced X-X in Figure 9.

  Figure 1 partially shows a facade under construction, in which must be formed two bays, namely a door P and a window F. Their contour is represented in broken dotted lines. Their frame must be filled with a thick coating e designed to ensure the tightness and / or finish of the masonry. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the building blocks, for example of the blockwork (concrete) type, are stacked on a sole 2 in rows staggered by a half-length with respect to the following row, this being usual way, with mortar intercalation between the rows and, where appropriate, between the blocks (unless

their butt is dry).

  Standard blocks, which have a length L and a height H, are designated by the reference 1. In accordance with the invention, in addition to standard blocks 1, so-called "table" blocks 3 and half-blocks 4 are provided. so-called half-blocks "table". The "table" blocks 3 have the same thickness and the same height H as the standard blocks. However, they have

  a shorter length, equal to L - e.

  The half-blocks "table" 4 also have a thickness and a height

  identical to those of standard blocks, but have a length equal to L / 2 - e.

  Figure 1 makes it possible to understand how, by positioning

  berries, to get them into the modularity of the facade, they do not go

  break the modularity if we place blocks of type 3 and 4 on the edge of the corresponding bays

  pendent. Thus, it will be noted that below the window F, the modularity of the row is preserved. It will be the same for the rows that will be above the door

and the window.

  Preferably, the height of the tables will be chosen to be a multiple of the block height, possibly reduced by the coating thickness e. Indeed, the

  more often, the lintel of the berries is coated only with a painting.

  In Figure 2 there is shown a block "table"; it was extended by a phantom outline on one of the sides, to compare it to a standard block 1. Its thickness is referenced E. As an indication, in a possible embodiment, L = 400mrm;

E = H = 200 μm, e = 20 mm.

  FIG. 3 represents, always in top view, a "Siamese" block 5, formed of two "table" half-blocks 4A, 4B joined together and connected to one another by a pair of weak frangible fasteners 40. thickness. Preferably, the length of the fasteners 40 is equal to e, so that the "Siamese" block 5 has a length equal to L - e, that is to say the

  same length as a "table" block 3.

  FIG. 4 represents the two separate blocks 4A and 4B, after the

  Frangible fasteners 40 - referenced 40 'after separation - have been broken and removed.

  Since the "table" half-blocks are molded in one piece, it is possible to manipulate them together with "table" blocks, using a pair of pliers.

  unique, for example after molding, to store them.

  This possibility is illustrated in FIG. 5 which shows a row of blocks composed of four blocks of type 3 and two blocks of type 5. The set of blocks having the same length L - e, it is possible to enter them by a pair of jaws 6A, 6B which press them by their end faces, as symbolized by the arrows F. The invention applies particularly, but not exclusively, to blocks whose ends have complementary interlocking profiles allowing their dry connection, of the type described in document FR-B-2,685,371 already mentioned. So, standard blocks 1 can be blocks such as those that make

the subject of this patent.

  The "table" half-blocks constituting the "Siamese" block of FIGS. 6 to 8 and the "table" block of FIGS. 9 and 10 are compatible with this type of block, which means that they have interlocking profiles. similar to that of the standard block described in the patent, and their pose is similar. In Figure 6, designated by references 41 and 42 respectively the male (tenon) and female (mortise) parts of the interlockings. The two blocks 4A and 4B are arranged endbêche and are connected by a

  pair of legs 40 extending vertically over almost the entire height of the "Siamese" block.

  The tabs 40 are thin, which allows to easily break with a chisel, any other suitable tool, or even manually by applying the block of a dry blow on a support surface. Their lower end

  has an inverted "V" shape, which helps make them even more fragile.

  Once the tabs 40 have been broken, their connection zone with the block 4 is set back between the interlocking profiles 41, 42, and therefore are not

  troublesome for laying blocks end-to-end.

  The opposite face of the blocks 4 is flat, referenced 43. It is this face that will come to be positioned against the table at the time of installation, and receive the coating layer. The face 43 being flat and regular, it is not necessary to apply

  mortar before applying the coating.

  44 and 45 respectively denote the internal recesses of the blocks and the lateral slots, by the reference 46 the upper face of the block, intended to receive the mortar, and by the reference 47 of the longitudinal grooves dug in the face 46, suitable for receiving, where appropriate, reinforcing iron bars for

strengthen the construction.

  The thickness of material in the corner zones of the blocks is sufficient to allow the installation of a carpentry at the bay, according to the so-called "applied" technique. The block of FIGS. 9 and 10 has, at one of its ends, interlocking profiles 31, 32 similar to the profiles 41 and 42 of the blocks 4. Its opposite face 33 is flat, this face being intended to be positioned in the form of screws. to the table. References 34 and 35 respectively denote the internal recesses and the lateral slots of the block, and by reference 36 its upper face. In Figure 3A is shown a block "Siamese" formed of two fractions of blocks of different lengths. The length of the fraction 4A is equal to L / 3 - e while that of the fraction 4B is equal to 2L / 3 - e. Such block fractions are used when the offset of superimposed rows of building elements is one-third of a

  block length. Here again the total length of the "Siamese" block is L - e.

  Although this description has been made with reference to blocks of

  made of blocks, it also applies to all other small

  elements of masonry, including bricks.

Claims (9)

  1. A set of building blocks that have the general shape of rectangular parallelepipeds intended to be laid one on top of the other to constitute the   wall of a building having at least one rectangular opening (P, F) - said bay -   whose vertical faces called "tables" must receive a peripheral coating of given thickness e, characterized in that it comprises at least three types of blocks of the same thickness, of the same height, but of different lengths, namely: blocks (1) - said standard - of given length L; - blocks (3) - said "table" - of length L - e; blocks (4) - said "table" block fractions, some of which have a length t L - e and others a length (1 - t) L - e, t being a decimal number between 0.33 and 0.66.   2. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that said   Fractions of "table" blocks (4) all have the same length, equal to L / 2 - e.   3. The assembly of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said blocks (1, 3, 4) have abouts having interlocking profiles   complementary ones allowing their connection with dry.   4. The assembly of claim 3, characterized in that said   "table" blocks (3) and "table" block fractions (4) have nesting profiles.   (31, 32, 41, 42) only on one of their two end faces, their other face (33; 43) being flat.   5. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact   a pair of "block" block fractions (4A, 4B) are made in one piece by molding a block (5) - said "Siamese" - in which the two block fractions (4A, 4B)   are connected by one or more frangible fasteners (40).   6. Assembly according to claims 4 and 5 taken in combination,   characterized in that the block fractions (4A, 4B) are arranged head-to-tail, faces   planes (43) facing outwards and fasteners (40) between the interlocking profiles (41, 42).   7. The assembly of claim 5 or 6, characterized in that said Siamese block has a length L - e.   8. An assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the two   Fractions of blocks (4A, 4B) have the same length.   9. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact   said blocks (1, 2, 4) are concrete blocks.