EP2633133B1 - Interlocking building block formed from an assembly of sections made of solid material that are joined together and encapsulated in an overmoulded plastic - Google Patents

Interlocking building block formed from an assembly of sections made of solid material that are joined together and encapsulated in an overmoulded plastic Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2633133B1
EP2633133B1 EP11781649.6A EP11781649A EP2633133B1 EP 2633133 B1 EP2633133 B1 EP 2633133B1 EP 11781649 A EP11781649 A EP 11781649A EP 2633133 B1 EP2633133 B1 EP 2633133B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
building block
sections
faces
block
blocks
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EP11781649.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2633133A1 (en
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Eddy Pennerath
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Rehau SAS
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Rehau SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building block of solid material overmolded by a plastic material. It is intended for use in the building industry. More particularly, the invention relates to a building block formed of calibrated solid material sections, for example of wood, and interconnected by overmoulding by means of a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin.
  • wood-based elements made, for example, from agglomerated wood particles bound in a synthetic resin or pressed, or by gluing superposed layers of wood or wood fibers.
  • building blocks made by molding from bonded wood particles in a synthetic resin, which are intended to be assembled by embedding.
  • the exterior walls of the present constructions are traditionally made by stacking construction elements of bricks, blocks, blocks of concrete, blocks of stone or other similar elements, which are linked together by the application of a layer of cement or of mortar.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an alternative to these traditional building elements by providing a block of construction mainly of wood or similar solid material, intended to be assembled by embedding with other building blocks similar to the bricks of a construction toy such as that marketed under the trademark LEGO ® , and which does not not the defects of existing building blocks.
  • a building block which comprises a compact central unit monobloc strong cohesion, consisting of sections of wood or synthetic material smooth, calibrated and juxtaposed laterally that we imagine glued to each other by their lateral faces to immobilize them in offset position. There are indeed sections protruding upward delimiting a withdrawal to the bottom.
  • Wood plates are attached to the lateral faces of this compact central monobloc assembly to present flat and homogeneous visible faces to the building block.
  • this building block is composed of a central compact and monobloc assembly and cladding plates. It is specified that this building block is easily obtained from boards and standardized rafters.
  • the sections of wood forming the central monobloc assembly must have smooth side faces to allow their immobilization by gluing, which requires a selection and a preparation work from the recovery parts.
  • the exterior rendering of the wall constructed with these building blocks is that of the cladding plates of the large lateral faces.
  • wood they require a protective treatment and often an aesthetic finish by a layer or a coating.
  • the innovation consists in combining the characteristics of the wood and the advantages of the injection of plastic material to make blocks intended for the realization of insulating walls in the field of construction including dwellings.
  • the blocks of the invention are made from calibrated solid material sections, preferably raw sawn timber, all preferably having the same length. These sections are positioned next to each other so as to form a block. Some sections, for example sections located in the central part, are shifted upwards to make tenons and mortises forming embedding structures that constitute positioning and assembly means for the final block. All the sections are placed in an injection mold and overmolded with a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin. This overmoulding operation gives the block its cohesion and its external shape to precise dimensions.
  • overmolding is a technique which consists in placing a preformed part in a mold and injecting one or more plastics around said part and in the recesses thereof.
  • the sharp angles and the flatness of the faces obtained by overmoulding make it possible to obtain a satisfactory rendering.
  • the tenons and mortises obtained allow a positioning and assembly easy, fast and reliable. Their joining requires only glue, without special technical equipment except for a simple glue gun; which allows them to be easily set up even by non-professionals.
  • the inner and outer faces of building blocks can receive a coating, a decor or a treatment directly during the overmoulding step, which gives them a final chosen rendition, and reduces considerably the price per square meter of construction due to their direct use.
  • Voids or hollow cells may be provided between the sections of solid material of the same building block, which further increases the insulating power of the blocks of the invention, and advantageously allows the passage of pipes, tubes, pipes, cables and the like while avoiding bleeding.
  • the blocks of the invention being entirely covered with a plastic layer, their durability is high and it is not necessarily necessary to carry out the usual protective treatments of the wood.
  • a plastic layer Preferably made up of more than 90% of rough sawn timber, it is therefore an inexpensive, ecological and easy to recycle product, having good performance in thermal insulation. It is easy to use and requires no maintenance.
  • its visible faces are decorated during manufacture and any subsequent step of applying an aesthetic coating becomes superfluous.
  • a construction element or block 1 of construction according to the invention is of generally parallelepipedal shape, and has two main faces 2 inner and outer, an upper face 3, a lower face 4, and two sides or side edges d end 5.
  • the blocks 1 When building a wall, a partition or a wall, the blocks 1 are placed and embedded one after the other and on each other so that their upper faces 3 and lower 4 are in mutual contact, as their end faces 5.
  • each block 1 is generally not intended to be in contact with another block and form the inner and outer faces of the walls made using the building blocks 1 according to the invention. . Being able to present a treatment or a particular decorative aspect, in the remainder of this description, we will refer to these main faces as inner and outer faces called "visible" 7, because intended to be visible respectively inside or outside. outside the building.
  • the building block 1 contains several sections 8 of solid material, preferably all having a substantially identical length. Inside the block 1, these sections 8 are placed in close proximity to one another and are preferably arranged in a substantially upright configuration, as shown for example in FIGS. Figures 5, 6 , 11 and 12 . These sections 8 represent the vast majority of the material constituting the building block 1.
  • This arrangement of the sections 8 preferably corresponds to the direction of the wood fibers so as to increase the overall strength of the resulting building block 1.
  • the sections of solid material 8 are preferably of substantially parallelepiped shape. We could consider using sections of wood section of different shape, including triangular, round or other. This is not advantageous, however, as this may complicate the manufacture of the sections or the subsequent overmolding step.
  • these sections 8 pieces of solid material are of small size rather than large monobloc pieces.
  • sections 8 of solid material are preferably chosen in reasonable dimensions, so as not to multiply their number and complicate all the overmolding phase.
  • peripheral layers 9 located at the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 are preferably made of two or three sections of wood in the form of plates 10 placed in the extension of one another, in order to avoid use too large pieces of wood.
  • the sections 8 are calibrated inserts of solid material, preferentially made from real wood, that is to say it It is a piece of solid wood, solid and homogeneous, even reconstituted wood.
  • sections 8 The nature of the wood used for the sections 8 will depend on the desired weight and strength characteristics for the blocks 1, as well as its availability, renewal rate and cost. Resistant, lightweight, inexpensive and fast growing, pine is for example a preferred material for sections 8 of wood.
  • these sections 8 can be made from another material or another material and in particular from compacted waste, material from recycling, of ecological waste, pieces of wood agglomerated, laminated, reconstituted, butted, plywood, laminated or otherwise, or of any other material whose mechanical and thermal properties are satisfactory and which remains compatible with the overmolding allowing to bind by the plastic material the different sections 8 between them and form the building block 1.
  • these materials or materials will be shaped and calibrated prior to the overmoulding operation so as to constitute equivalents of inserts calibrated wood.
  • sections 8 of wood will be understood to mean sections 8 of solid material composed of wood alone, one of the aforementioned materials, or a combination thereof.
  • the wood used for the sections is pre-dried, generally by steaming, before overmolding.
  • the solid material used for the sections 8 may be treated with a product promoting its adhesion with the plastic material used for overmolding.
  • the wood can thus be, for example, impregnated with a vinyl-ethylene-acrylate-based resin preferably diluted to 40% water.
  • the wooden stumps do not normally require additional treatment.
  • these sections can receive one or more conventional wood treatments for example against aging, decay, fire, wood pests, termites and other xylophagous insects, fungi or other.
  • the building block 1 also comprises a layer of plastics material 13 which surrounds the block 1 and covers it externally on each of its faces, for example in the manner of a skin and which, in addition, is inserted between the sections 8 so as to bind to each other and to provide a cohesion and a shape external to the building block 1.
  • the thickness of the plastic layer 13 must be sufficient to ensure the cohesion of the sections 8 and provide adequate resistance to the intended use for the building blocks 1. It however remains preferably low, the building blocks being mainly composed of of wood (preferably more than 90%). This thickness is preferably between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably substantially equal to 1.5 millimeters outside the block 1 and is even smaller between the sections 8.
  • the plastic material used for this layer 13 may be a thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene, polyester, PVC or ABS, or a thermosetting resin, for example polyurethane. It can obviously be composed of a mixture of several different plastics or one or more plastics with other components. Injection molding may optionally be replaced by a gravity molding process or by a reaction molding process using two chemical compounds which react with one another as in the case of polyurethane.
  • the plastics material thus preferably comprises one or more additives which increase, for example, its resistance to fire, ultraviolet radiation, shocks and scratches.
  • the plastic layer 13 is advantageously formed by overmolding plastic material around and between the sections 8.
  • the sections 8 are placed in an injection mold and are held in a position corresponding to that they must occupy within the building block 1.
  • a slight spacing is provided between the different sections 8 and the walls of the mold, as well as between the sections themselves so as to provide a free space for the passage of the plastic material.
  • the wood sections can be pre-positioned on a template and placed in the injection mold by a robot.
  • the molten plastic material is injected into the mold and spreads around and between the sections 8. It thus forms after cooling the layer of plastic material 13.
  • This overmoulding operation gives the block its cohesion and its external shape to precise dimensions. It allows to bind and thus to secure the sections 8 between them by a phenomenon of adhesion between the sections and the plastic material.
  • this adhesion is advantageously completed by a mechanical anchoring of the plastic material which penetrates into the asperities and natural reliefs of the wood forming the sections 8.
  • grooves 14 or other similar hollow structures may be formed on the edges of the sections 8 provided to be arranged opposite another adjacent section 8 . These grooves 14 facilitate the flow of hot plastic material in the overmolding mold and its rise between the sections 8 which are usually at room temperature.
  • the grooves 14 of two adjacent sections may advantageously be placed facing each other and thus form a larger channel 15 as shown in FIG. figure 21 .
  • the building block 1 according to the invention is implemented by superposition and positioned against other similar building blocks then secured to them by gluing and embedding.
  • it comprises one or more recessed protruding structures 16 at the level of at least one of its contact faces 6 and one or more complementary receiving cavities 17 formed in its opposite contact face (s) 6.
  • the projecting mounting structures 16 of the blocks 1 engage the corresponding complementary receiving cavities 17 of the adjacent blocks and cooperate with those to form complementary positioning and immobilization means for embedding the building blocks 1 in the manner of bricks of a building set.
  • These projecting protruding structures 16 may be made of molded plastic. They are more preferably obtained by an offset of one or more of the sections 8 of the block 1 beyond the contact face 6 concerned, thus simultaneously creating the appearance of a complementary receiving cavity 17 in the contact face 6 opposite.
  • some sections 8 may be shifted upwards, at the upper contact face 3.
  • the part the upper part of each of these sections forms a recessing structure 16 of tenon type protruding with respect to the upper contact face 3 of the block 1
  • the lower part of each of these sections forms a complementary receiving cavity 17 of type mortise recessed with respect to the lower contact face 4 of the block 1.
  • these tenons and mortises preferably have a substantially square or rectangular section. They ensure easy positioning of the blocks on each other. These tenons and mortises are preferably centered on the longitudinal axis of the block, so that when a block is embedded on another in the same direction, their inner and outer visible faces are respectively in the same plane, whatever the orientation of building block 1.
  • recessed protruding structures 16 and complementary receiving cavities 17 is preferably chosen so that the building blocks 1 can be recessed onto each other in an overlapping manner for obvious reasons of the strength of the wall obtained. from these blocks.
  • one or more recess protruding structures 16 may also be provided on one of the lateral end edges 5, as well as one or more receiving cavities. complementary 17 on the side edge 5 opposite end.
  • these recessed protruding structures 16 and complementary receiving cavities 17 are preferably obtained by an offset, this time lateral, of the sections 8 belonging to the or one of the central layers 12 of the building block 1.
  • Each building block 1 thus has a protrusion on one of its end side edges 5 and a corresponding recess on its other opposite end side edge 5.
  • the projection of a block is provided to enter the corresponding housing of the block which is placed in its continuation in longitudinal extension.
  • the corresponding projections and recesses of the lateral end edges 5 can also fulfill a role of polarizing, so that when a first block is positioned according to the orientation desired for its visible faces 7, the blocks mounted thereupon on the same level are also positioned in the desired orientation for their visible faces 7.
  • connection between the different blocks 1 of a construction is preferably provided by gluing, which also allows to fill any existing gaps between the blocks 1 once they are assembled.
  • One or more beads of glue is or are thus preferably applied between the faces 6 in contact with the different building blocks 1, namely on the upper 3 and lower 4 faces, and the end lateral edges 5 of the blocks of construction 1.
  • These adhesive beads placed between the contact faces 6 of the blocks but not on the visible faces 7 thereof, ensure the strength but also the tightness of the wall forming a seal preventing moisture from entering between the blocks and guaranteeing a lack of thermal bridge.
  • an adhesive is used which is adapted to the nature of the plastic material constituting the plastic layer 13 and for example a two-component polyurethane adhesive or a polyurethane glue which cross-links to ambient humidity, epoxy adhesives or any similar adhesive.
  • glues can be rigid or on the contrary maintain a certain flexibility to allow the wall to work without constraints.
  • the block 1 according to the invention may advantageously comprise on its contact faces 6 one or more bonding areas 18 materialized by a suitable relief, for example a set of grooves or grooves. These bonding areas 18 increase the bonding surface and accommodate any excess glue.
  • An example of such bonding areas 18 has been shown on the Figures 1 to 4 , as well as 8 to 10.
  • the building blocks 1 may comprise specific coatings on their visible faces 7, deposited directly during the overmoulding or just after it.
  • the visible faces 7 thus have a finished aesthetic appearance from the manufacture of the block 1 and the walls constructed from these blocks can remain as they are.
  • a different specific coating may be provided on each of the outer and inner visible faces 7 of the block 1, so as to form, for example, a decorated and aesthetic face for the visible face intended to be placed inside the building and a reinforced face and treated against external aggression for the visible face intended to be found outside the building.
  • the final color of the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 can be obtained by a shade of the desired color directly in the mass of the plastic material.
  • a particular decoration or rendering, for example in relief can be obtained by means of a relief or patterns present on the walls of the mold or by a coating placed in the mold or applied, or projected on the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 at their exit from the mold.
  • any type of coating may be envisaged for the visible faces 7 of the blocks, for example of the painting, film, strip, natural stone granules, sand, powder, pigments, synthetic particles, etc. type. All kinds of aesthetic effects, traditional or modern, can thus be obtained cheaply directly on the building blocks 1 according to the invention. This advantageously allows, and at a lower cost, to offer various final renderings, or even to create building blocks with a personalized rendering according to the wishes of the user.
  • the building blocks 1 of the invention can be solid blocks. Compact and solid these building blocks are satisfactory and offer a thermally insulating power equal to that of wood surrounded by plastic.
  • the building blocks 1 of the invention may be blocks containing cells 19, that is to say hollow areas through.
  • the building block 1 according to the invention must not have too large dimensions. For reasons of thermal insulation, strength and speed of assembly of the walls obtained from blocks 1 according to the invention, it must not be too small either.
  • the building block 1 has, for example, substantially the following dimensions: 60 centimeters in length, 30 centimeters in height and 20 centimeters in thickness.
  • the building block 1 according to the invention has for example the following dimensions substantially: 60 centimeters in length, 30 centimeters in height and 30 centimeters in thickness.
  • Blocks of construction whose length is twice the thickness are preferred, which makes it possible, when the tenons and mortises are correctly centered, to immobilize, by embedding, building blocks 1 one above the other. longitudinal or right angle alignment (not shown).
  • the building blocks 1 have recesses or cells 19. These cells 19 are through hollow zones which improve the thermal insulation properties of the block 1.
  • connecting struts 20 are preferably provided inside the cells 19.
  • These struts 20 may be formed of additional sections of wood or may be more advantageously be made of plastic directly during the overmolding step, for example in the form of ribs shaped in the same material as that used for the plastic layer 13.
  • connecting struts 20 are shown on the Figures 14 to 19 .
  • the building blocks 1 having cells 19 are preferably provided so that the cells 19 of the various building blocks 1 communicate vertically with each other when the blocks 1 are superimposed on each other and this despite the shift of the blocks when they are recessed overlapping.
  • the cells 19 can also, as shown in FIGS. Figures 14 and 15 , serve for the vertical and horizontal passage of pipes 21, tubes, ducts, pipes, cables 22 or the like, for example forming part of the electrical installation of the building or for the circulation of domestic water or heat transfer fluid for a heating or air conditioning network.
  • these pipes 21, tubes, ducts, ducts, cables 22 or the like placed in the cells 19 can mount in the walls while remaining invisible and without the need to bleed (s) in the wall.
  • through openings 23 may be formed in the side edges of end 5 of the block 1, as well as in the sections 8 and the connecting struts 20 facing each other in the longitudinal extension of the openings of the walls so as to constitute one or more continuous and through longitudinal passages inside. of the block.
  • These through openings 23 may be made during a drilling operation subsequent to overmoulding of the block 1 for example by means of a tool long enough to perform in a single drilling step all the successive openings of the same longitudinal passage.
  • the sections 8 situated at the longitudinal through passage may be provided shorter so as to leave this free passage by a simple positioning of the sections adapted during the overmolding operation, thereby avoiding the subsequent operation of drilling.
  • Such longitudinal through passages may be provided systematically in all building blocks 1 or preferably only in specific specific blocks provided for this purpose.
  • building blocks 1 by embedding and gluing for the assembly of walls and the construction of buildings is simple and within the reach of all.
  • each wall may be formed from one or more joists 24 having recessed mounting structures 16 or tenons similar to those of the blocks 1, as shown in FIGS. Figures 22 to 26 .
  • These joists 24 serve as initial reference for the subsequent positioning of the building blocks 1 and are therefore made according to precise dimensions. They are preferably manufactured by overmoulding a wood insert or by another method and / or with another material.
  • Each joist can be made in several parts recessed by means of a dovetail-type mechanical connection 25.
  • recesses provided at the ends of the joists 24 allow them to be interconnected while maintaining a precise spacing between the tenons, including at the angles .
  • specific joists may be provided depending on whether they are used for a straight, right-angle or T-section.
  • the joists 24 are preferably aligned by means of a laser beam, in order to give a perfectly straight reference for the building blocks 1 and therefore the walls that will be mounted thereafter on these joists 24.
  • the joists 24 are preferably glued on a slab or on foundations with cement or a suitable glue.
  • the specific wedge-shaped building blocks 26 and 27 will have one of two lengths at a right angle of 60 centimeters and the other two lengths of angle. right of 30 centimeters.
  • T-junctions for example with the interior walls, it is possible to use a specific T-shaped building block 28, having the same height, length and width as the other basic blocks but with an extension. cross-section 29 of a length equal to half the length of the basic blocks 1, as shown in FIGS. Figures 25 and 26 .
  • the upper row is then made up of basic blocks 1.
  • edges of the building blocks 1 according to the invention are preferentially at right angles, it is conceivable to realize them rounded for aesthetic or technical reasons.
  • the visible faces 7 of the building blocks 1 of the invention may have on some of their edges a protruding extension 30 in the same plane or nose, preferably at their upper edge and one of their lateral edges. , and a complementary groove 31 on their opposite edges, preferably at their lower edge and their other lateral edge (see figure 27 ).
  • the protruding extensions 30 of the visible faces 7 of these blocks 1 engage in the complementary grooves 31 of the adjacent blocks 1. They thus mask the joining part between the stacked blocks 1 and the seal formed by the adhesive cords used for this junction and provide a clean and clean finish. They can also be used to reinforce the insulation and the watertightness of the walls in the event of gluing failure.
  • extensions 30 and complementary grooves 31 have for example a thickness substantially equal to 2 millimeters and a height substantially equal to 4 millimeters.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention concerne un bloc de construction en matière solide surmoulée par une matière plastique. Il est destiné à être utilisé dans le domaine du bâtiment. Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à un bloc de construction formé de tronçons de matière solide calibrés, par exemple en bois, et liés entre eux par surmoulage au moyen d'une matière thermoplastique ou d'une résine thermodurcissable.The present invention relates to a building block of solid material overmolded by a plastic material. It is intended for use in the building industry. More particularly, the invention relates to a building block formed of calibrated solid material sections, for example of wood, and interconnected by overmoulding by means of a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin.

Il est destiné à la réalisation de constructions dans le domaine du bâtiment par encastrement et collage de plusieurs blocs de construction. Il permet ainsi de réaliser des murs, des maisons d'habitation, des abris divers, des garages, des bâtiments quelconques ou tout autre type de construction.It is intended for the realization of buildings in the field of building by embedding and gluing of several building blocks. It allows for walls, houses, various shelters, garages, any buildings or any other type of construction.

De nos jours, notamment dans le domaine de la construction de maisons d'habitation, on souhaite utiliser de plus en plus le bois, car il s'agit d'une matière thermiquement isolante, résistante, économique, plus légère que la pierre, écologique, recyclable et saine, qui convient ainsi parfaitement bien à la tendance du développement durable.Nowadays, especially in the construction of residential houses, we want to use more and more wood, because it is a thermally insulating material, resistant, economical, lighter than stone, ecological , recyclable and healthy, which is perfectly suited to the trend of sustainable development.

Cependant, les constructions réalisées entièrement en bois sont peu courantes, car elles nécessitent des artisans et architectes spécialisés, elles sont délicates à réaliser, ont un coût de revient élevé et requièrent par la suite un entretien contraignant. Tous ces inconvénients font qu'elles sont réservées à un marché limité et ne sont pas destinées au grand public.However, constructions made entirely of wood are uncommon because they require specialized craftsmen and architects, they are delicate to achieve, have a high cost and require a subsequent maintenance constraining. All these disadvantages are that they are reserved for a limited market and are not intended for the general public.

De plus, il est généralement nécessaire de les traiter afin par exemple de les ignifuger, de les imperméabiliser et de les protéger contre le vieillissement, le pourrissement, la décoloration aux rayonnements ultraviolets, les parasites du bois, les termites, les champignons, et autres. Ces traitements sont onéreux, dangereux pour l'environnement et souvent incompatibles avec un recyclage ultérieur du bois utilisé.In addition, it is generally necessary to treat them in order, for example, to fireproof them, to waterproof them and to protect them against aging, rotting, discolouration with ultraviolet radiation, wood pests, termites, fungi, and others. . These treatments are expensive, dangerous for the environment and often incompatible with subsequent recycling of the wood used.

Dans le domaine du bâtiment, on utilise fréquemment des éléments à base de bois réalisés par exemple à partir de particules de bois agglomérées liées dans une résine synthétique ou pressées, ou par collage de couche superposées de bois ou de fibres de bois.In the field of building, we frequently use wood-based elements made, for example, from agglomerated wood particles bound in a synthetic resin or pressed, or by gluing superposed layers of wood or wood fibers.

Ces éléments se présentent généralement sous la forme de panneaux et sont destinés à l'aménagement intérieur des constructions, notamment à la réalisation de cloisons ou de menuiseries intérieures. Du fait de leur faible résistance mécanique, de leur fragilité aux chocs et à l'humidité, ils sont peu adaptés à la réalisation de murs porteurs extérieurs.These elements are generally in the form of panels and are intended for interior construction, including the production of partitions or interior woodwork. Because of their low mechanical strength, their fragility to shocks and moisture, they are poorly suited to the realization of external load-bearing walls.

On connaît également des blocs de construction fabriqués par moulage à partir de particules de bois liées dans une résine synthétique, qui sont prévus pour être assemblés par encastrement.Also known are building blocks made by molding from bonded wood particles in a synthetic resin, which are intended to be assembled by embedding.

Sensibles aux chocs et à l'humidité, ces blocs sont peu solides et ont tendance à se détériorer facilement, ce qui n'est pas compatible avec une construction exposée aux conditions climatiques et aux intempéries, et que l'on souhaite voir durer de nombreuses années.Sensitive to shocks and humidity, these blocks are weak and tend to deteriorate easily, which is not compatible with a construction exposed to weather conditions and bad weather, and that we wish to see many years.

En outre, une fois assemblés ces blocs de construction en particules de bois agglomérées doivent généralement être peints ou crépis, au moins sur leur face extérieure, afin d'offrir un rendu satisfaisant pour la façade, ce qui représente un coût supplémentaire dans la réalisation de constructions fabriquées à partir de ces blocs.In addition, once assembled these building blocks of agglomerated wood particles must generally be painted or plastered, at least on their outer face, to provide a satisfactory rendering for the facade, which represents an additional cost in achieving constructions made from these blocks.

Par conséquent, l'utilisation de ces blocs de construction présente de nombreux désavantages inhérents aux blocs utilisés qui n'ont pas permis pour l'instant leur développement commercial.Therefore, the use of these building blocks has many disadvantages inherent blocks used which have not yet allowed their commercial development.

Les murs extérieurs des constructions actuelles sont traditionnellement réalisés par empilement d'éléments de construction de type briques, parpaings, blocs de béton, blocs de pierre ou autre éléments analogues, qui sont liés entre eux par l'application d'une couche de ciment ou de mortier.The exterior walls of the present constructions are traditionally made by stacking construction elements of bricks, blocks, blocks of concrete, blocks of stone or other similar elements, which are linked together by the application of a layer of cement or of mortar.

Ces murs, généralement montés par des professionnels, ne répondent pas aux exigences du développement durable, sont peu performants du point de vue de l'isolation thermique et nécessitent obligatoirement l'application ultérieure d'un revêtement esthétique sur leurs faces visibles pour obtenir un rendu esthétique satisfaisant.These walls, usually mounted by professionals, do not meet the requirements of sustainable development, are not very efficient from the point of view of thermal insulation and necessarily require the subsequent application of an aesthetic coating on their visible faces to obtain a rendering satisfactory aesthetics.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer une alternative à ces éléments de construction traditionnels en fournissant un bloc de construction principalement en bois ou dans une matière solide similaire, prévu pour être assemblé par encastrement avec d'autres blocs de construction similaires à la manière des briques d'un jeu de construction tel que celui commercialisé sous la marque LEGO®, et qui ne présente pas les défauts des blocs de construction existants.The object of the invention is to propose an alternative to these traditional building elements by providing a block of construction mainly of wood or similar solid material, intended to be assembled by embedding with other building blocks similar to the bricks of a construction toy such as that marketed under the trademark LEGO ® , and which does not not the defects of existing building blocks.

Selon l'invention décrite dans le brevet belge BE 644857 au nom de Willy J.L.J. PIRA, on réalise un bloc de construction qui comprend un ensemble compact central monobloc de forte cohésion, constitué de tronçons de bois ou de matière synthétique lisses, calibrés et juxtaposés latéralement que l'on imagine collés les uns aux autres par leurs faces latérales pour les immobiliser en position décalée. Il existe en effet des tronçons en saillie vers le haut délimitant un retrait vers le bas.According to the invention described in the Belgian patent BE 644857 in the name of Willy JLJ PIRA, a building block is produced which comprises a compact central unit monobloc strong cohesion, consisting of sections of wood or synthetic material smooth, calibrated and juxtaposed laterally that we imagine glued to each other by their lateral faces to immobilize them in offset position. There are indeed sections protruding upward delimiting a withdrawal to the bottom.

Ces saillies et ces retraits permettent le montage vertical et le maintien des blocs par emboitementThese protrusions and withdrawals allow the vertical assembly and the maintenance of the blocks by interlocking

Des plaques de bois sont rapportées sur les faces latérales de cet ensemble compact central monobloc en vue de présenter des faces visibles bien planes et homogènes au bloc de construction.Wood plates are attached to the lateral faces of this compact central monobloc assembly to present flat and homogeneous visible faces to the building block.

Ainsi, ce bloc de construction est composé d'un ensemble central compact et monobloc et de plaques d'habillage. Il est précisé que ce bloc de construction est obtenu facilement à partir de planches et de chevrons standardisés.Thus, this building block is composed of a central compact and monobloc assembly and cladding plates. It is specified that this building block is easily obtained from boards and standardized rafters.

Cependant, les tronçons de bois formant l'ensemble monobloc central doivent présenter des faces latérales assez lisses pour permettre leur immobilisation par collage, ce qui oblige à une sélection et à un travail de préparation à partir des pièces de récupération.However, the sections of wood forming the central monobloc assembly must have smooth side faces to allow their immobilization by gluing, which requires a selection and a preparation work from the recovery parts.

De plus le rendu extérieur du mur construit avec ces blocs de construction est celui des plaques d'habillage des grandes faces latérales. S'agissant de bois, elles nécessitent un traitement protecteur et souvent une finition esthétique par une couche ou un revêtement.In addition, the exterior rendering of the wall constructed with these building blocks is that of the cladding plates of the large lateral faces. As regards wood, they require a protective treatment and often an aesthetic finish by a layer or a coating.

Pour résoudre ce problème technique, l'innovation consiste à combiner les caractéristiques du bois et les avantages de l'injection de matière plastique pour fabriquer des blocs destinés à la réalisation de murs isolants dans le domaine de la construction notamment d'habitations. Les blocs de l'invention sont fabriqués à partir de tronçons de matière solide calibrés, de préférence en bois brut de sciage, ayant préférentiellement tous une longueur identique. Ces tronçons sont positionnés les uns à côté des autres de manière à former un bloc. Certains tronçons, par exemple des tronçons situés en partie centrale, sont décalés vers le haut afin de réaliser des tenons et mortaises formant des structures d'encastrement qui constituent des moyens de positionnement et d'assemblage pour le bloc final. L'ensemble des tronçons est placé dans un moule d'injection et surmoulé avec une matière thermoplastique ou une résine thermodurcissable. Cette opération de surmoulage donne au bloc sa cohésion et sa forme extérieure aux dimensions précises.To solve this technical problem, the innovation consists in combining the characteristics of the wood and the advantages of the injection of plastic material to make blocks intended for the realization of insulating walls in the field of construction including dwellings. The blocks of the invention are made from calibrated solid material sections, preferably raw sawn timber, all preferably having the same length. These sections are positioned next to each other so as to form a block. Some sections, for example sections located in the central part, are shifted upwards to make tenons and mortises forming embedding structures that constitute positioning and assembly means for the final block. All the sections are placed in an injection mold and overmolded with a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin. This overmoulding operation gives the block its cohesion and its external shape to precise dimensions.

On rappelle que le surmoulage, ou moulage d'insert, est une technique qui consiste à placer une pièce préformée dans un moule et à injecter une ou plusieurs matières plastiques autour de ladite pièce et dans les creux de celle-ci.It is recalled that overmolding, or insert molding, is a technique which consists in placing a preformed part in a mold and injecting one or more plastics around said part and in the recesses thereof.

Les angles nets et la planéité des faces obtenus par surmoulage permettent d'obtenir un rendu satisfaisant. Les tenons et mortaises obtenues permettent un positionnement et un assemblage facile, rapide et fiable. Leur solidarisation nécessite seulement de la colle, sans matériel technique particulier à l'exception d'un simple pistolet à colle; ce qui leur permet d'être facilement mis en place même par des non professionnels.The sharp angles and the flatness of the faces obtained by overmoulding make it possible to obtain a satisfactory rendering. The tenons and mortises obtained allow a positioning and assembly easy, fast and reliable. Their joining requires only glue, without special technical equipment except for a simple glue gun; which allows them to be easily set up even by non-professionals.

En outre et de façon particulièrement avantageuse, les faces intérieures et extérieures de blocs de construction peuvent recevoir un revêtement, un décor ou un traitement directement lors de l'étape de surmoulage, ce qui leur confère un rendu final choisi, et réduit considérablement le prix au mètre carré de la construction en raison de leur utilisation directe.In addition and particularly advantageously, the inner and outer faces of building blocks can receive a coating, a decor or a treatment directly during the overmoulding step, which gives them a final chosen rendition, and reduces considerably the price per square meter of construction due to their direct use.

Le fait que le mur soit terminé après montage et la facilité de réalisation procurent un prix de revient compétitif.The fact that the wall is finished after assembly and the ease of production provide a competitive cost.

Des espaces vides ou des alvéoles creuses peuvent être prévus entre les tronçons de matière solide d'un même bloc de construction, ce qui augmente encore le pouvoir isolant des blocs de l'invention, et permet avantageusement le passage de conduites, tubes, canalisations, câbles et analogues tout en évitant les saignées.Voids or hollow cells may be provided between the sections of solid material of the same building block, which further increases the insulating power of the blocks of the invention, and advantageously allows the passage of pipes, tubes, pipes, cables and the like while avoiding bleeding.

Les blocs de l'invention étant entièrement recouverts d'une couche de matière plastique, leur durabilité est élevée et il n'est pas forcément nécessaire de réaliser les traitements protecteurs habituels du bois. Préférentiellement constitué à plus de 90% de bois brut de sciage, il s'agit donc d'un produit peu couteux, écologique et facile à recycler, présentant de bonnes performances en matière d'isolation thermique. Il est facile à utiliser et ne nécessite aucun entretien. En outre, ses faces visibles sont décorées dès la fabrication et toute étape ultérieure d'application d'un revêtement esthétique devient superflue.The blocks of the invention being entirely covered with a plastic layer, their durability is high and it is not necessarily necessary to carry out the usual protective treatments of the wood. Preferably made up of more than 90% of rough sawn timber, it is therefore an inexpensive, ecological and easy to recycle product, having good performance in thermal insulation. It is easy to use and requires no maintenance. In addition, its visible faces are decorated during manufacture and any subsequent step of applying an aesthetic coating becomes superfluous.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un bloc de construction selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention consistant en un bloc plein ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de dessous du bloc de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un bloc de construction selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention consistant en un bloc présentant des alvéoles creuses ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective de dessous du bloc de construction de la figure 3 ;
  • les figures 5 à 7 sont des vues en perspective illustrant la fabrication d'un bloc de construction selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un bloc de construction selon l'invention qui présente des zones de collage striées sur ses faces prévues pour être en contact avec un autre bloc ;
  • la figure 9 est une vue partielle en coupe verticale du bloc de construction de la figure 8 ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue de détail agrandie de la zone encerclée sur la figure 9 ;
  • les figures 11 à 13 sont des vues en perspective illustrant la fabrication d'un bloc de construction selon le second mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 14 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un bloc de construction selon le second mode de réalisation de l'invention, illustrant des exemples d'application des alvéoles ;
  • la figure 15 est une vue en plan du bloc de construction de la figure 14 ;
  • les figures 16 à 19 sont des vues en perspective illustrant divers exemples de nervures de liaisons pouvant servir à consolider les alvéoles d'un bloc de construction selon le second mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 20 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un exemple de tronçon de bois destiné à un bloc de construction selon l'invention, qui présente des rainures sur ses faces prévues pour être en contact avec un autre tronçon de bois ;
  • la figure 21 est une vue en perspective de dessus illustrant la juxtaposition de plusieurs tronçons de bois selon la figure 20 et la formation de canaux pour la matière plastique de surmoulage entre deux rainures placées en vis-à-vis ;
  • la figure 22 est une vue en perspective de dessus illustrant le montage d'une partie de mur à partir de blocs de construction selon l'invention par encastrement et collage sur des solives spécialement adaptées ;
  • la figure 23 est une vue en perspective éclatée illustrant le montage d'un angle d'une partie de mur à 90 degrés et utilisant deux blocs spécifiques en angle droit ;
  • la figure 24 est une vue en perspective de dessus de la partie de mur obtenue au moyen des blocs représentés sur la figure 23 ;
  • la figure 25 est une vue en perspective éclatée illustrant le montage d'une portion de mur présentant une jonction avec une partie de mur intérieur et utilisant un bloc spécifique en forme de T ;
  • la figure 26 est une vue en perspective de dessus de la partie de mur obtenue au moyen des blocs représentés sur la figure 25 ;
  • la figure 27 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un bloc de construction présentant une prolongation saillante et une rainure complémentaire sur ses faces visibles qui dissimulent la partie de jonction entre des blocs encastrés ; et
  • la figure 28 est une vue de détail agrandie de la zone encerclée sur la figure 27.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to a first embodiment of the invention consisting of a solid block;
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view from below the block of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to a second embodiment of the invention consisting of a block having hollow cells;
  • the figure 4 is a perspective view from below of the building block of the figure 3 ;
  • the Figures 5 to 7 are perspective views illustrating the manufacture of a building block according to the first embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 8 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to the invention which has bonding areas striated on its faces intended to be in contact with another block;
  • the figure 9 is a partial vertical sectional view of the building block of the figure 8 ;
  • the figure 10 is an enlarged detail view of the encircled area on the figure 9 ;
  • the Figures 11 to 13 are perspective views illustrating the manufacture of a building block according to the second embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 14 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to the second embodiment of the invention, illustrating examples of application of the cells;
  • the figure 15 is a plan view of the building block of the figure 14 ;
  • the Figures 16 to 19 are perspective views illustrating various examples of connecting ribs that can be used to consolidate the cells of a building block according to the second embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 20 is a perspective view from above of an example of a section of wood intended for a building block according to the invention, which has grooves on its faces intended to be in contact with another section of wood;
  • the figure 21 is a perspective view from above illustrating the juxtaposition of several sections of wood according to the figure 20 and forming channels for the over-molding plastic between two grooves placed in facing relation;
  • the figure 22 is a perspective view from above illustrating the mounting of a wall portion from building blocks according to the invention by embedding and gluing on specially adapted joists;
  • the figure 23 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the mounting of an angle of a 90 degree wall portion and using two specific right angle blocks;
  • the figure 24 is a perspective view from above of the wall portion obtained by means of the blocks represented on the figure 23 ;
  • the figure 25 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the assembly a wall portion having a junction with an inner wall portion and using a specific T-shaped block;
  • the figure 26 is a perspective view from above of the wall portion obtained by means of the blocks represented on the figure 25 ;
  • the figure 27 is a perspective view from above of a building block having a protruding extension and a complementary groove on its visible faces which conceal the joining portion between embedded blocks; and
  • the figure 28 is an enlarged detail view of the encircled area on the figure 27 .

Le bloc de construction en matière solide surmoulée selon la présente invention va maintenant être décrit de façon détaillée en référence aux figures 1 à 28. Les éléments équivalents représentés sur les différentes figures porteront les mêmes références numériques.The molded solid building block according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 28 . The equivalent elements represented in the different figures will bear the same numerical references.

De manière générale, un élément de construction ou bloc 1 de construction selon l'invention est de forme générale parallélépipédique, et présente deux faces principales 2 intérieure et extérieure, une face supérieure 3, une face inférieure 4, et deux faces ou chants latéraux d'extrémité 5.In general, a construction element or block 1 of construction according to the invention is of generally parallelepipedal shape, and has two main faces 2 inner and outer, an upper face 3, a lower face 4, and two sides or side edges d end 5.

Lors de l'édification d'un mur, d'une cloison ou d'une paroi, les blocs 1 sont posés et encastrés les uns à la suite des autres et les uns sur les autres de sorte que leurs faces supérieures 3 et inférieures 4 soient en contact mutuel, tout comme leurs faces latérales d'extrémité 5. Dans la suite de ce descriptif, nous nous référerons à ces faces en tant que faces dites de "contact" 6, car prévues pour être en contact avec les faces de contact 6 correspondantes d'un bloc voisin.When building a wall, a partition or a wall, the blocks 1 are placed and embedded one after the other and on each other so that their upper faces 3 and lower 4 are in mutual contact, as their end faces 5. In the remainder of this description, we will refer to these faces as faces called "contact" 6, because intended to be in contact with the contact faces 6 corresponding from a neighboring block.

A l'inverse, les deux faces principales 2 de chaque bloc 1 ne sont généralement pas prévues pour être en contact avec un autre bloc et forment les faces intérieures et extérieures des murs réalisés à l'aide des blocs de construction 1 selon l'invention. Pouvant présenter un traitement ou un aspect décoratif particulier, dans la suite de ce descriptif, nous nous référerons à ces faces principales en tant que faces intérieure et extérieure dites "visibles" 7, car prévues pour être respectivement visibles à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la construction.Conversely, the two main faces 2 of each block 1 are generally not intended to be in contact with another block and form the inner and outer faces of the walls made using the building blocks 1 according to the invention. . Being able to present a treatment or a particular decorative aspect, in the remainder of this description, we will refer to these main faces as inner and outer faces called "visible" 7, because intended to be visible respectively inside or outside. outside the building.

Le bloc de construction 1 selon l'invention renferme plusieurs tronçons 8 de matière solide ayant de préférence tous une longueur sensiblement identique. A l'intérieur du bloc 1, ces tronçons 8 sont placés les uns à proximité des autres et se trouvent préférentiellement en disposition dressée sensiblement verticale comme cela est par exemple représenté sur les figures 5, 6, 11 et 12. Ces tronçons 8 représentent la grande majorité de la matière constituant le bloc de construction 1.The building block 1 according to the invention contains several sections 8 of solid material, preferably all having a substantially identical length. Inside the block 1, these sections 8 are placed in close proximity to one another and are preferably arranged in a substantially upright configuration, as shown for example in FIGS. Figures 5, 6 , 11 and 12 . These sections 8 represent the vast majority of the material constituting the building block 1.

Cette disposition des tronçons 8 correspond préférentiellement au sens des fibres du bois de manière à augmenter la solidité générale du bloc de construction 1 résultant.This arrangement of the sections 8 preferably corresponds to the direction of the wood fibers so as to increase the overall strength of the resulting building block 1.

Les tronçons de matière solide 8 sont de préférence de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique. On pourrait envisager d'utiliser des tronçons de bois à section de forme différente, notamment triangulaire, ronde ou autre. Ceci n'est cependant pas avantageux car cela risquerait de compliquer la fabrication des tronçons ou de l'étape ultérieure de surmoulage.The sections of solid material 8 are preferably of substantially parallelepiped shape. We could consider using sections of wood section of different shape, including triangular, round or other. This is not advantageous, however, as this may complicate the manufacture of the sections or the subsequent overmolding step.

Pour des raisons de coût, on préfère utiliser pour ces tronçons 8 des morceaux de matière solide de petite taille plutôt que de grandes pièces monoblocs. Ainsi, il est possible de tailler les tronçons de matière solide dans des chutes de bois ou dans des morceaux d'arbre peu onéreux. En outre, on limite les risques de déformation, de cintrage ou d'apparition de fissures qui sont plus fréquents avec les pièces de bois de grande taille qui ont plus tendance à se déformer après leur découpe.For reasons of cost, it is preferred to use for these sections 8 pieces of solid material of small size rather than large monobloc pieces. Thus, it is possible to cut the sections of solid material in scraps of wood or in inexpensive pieces of tree. In addition, it limits the risk of deformation, bending or appearance of cracks that are more common with large wood parts that are more likely to deform after cutting.

Cependant, les tronçons 8 de matière solide sont choisis préférentiellement dans des dimensions raisonnables, afin de ne pas multiplier leur nombre et compliquer d'autant la phase de surmoulage.However, the sections 8 of solid material are preferably chosen in reasonable dimensions, so as not to multiply their number and complicate all the overmolding phase.

De manière générale, les couches périphériques 9 situées au niveau des faces visibles 7 des blocs 1 sont préférentiellement constituées de deux ou trois tronçons de bois en forme de plaques 10 placées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre, afin d'éviter d'utiliser des tronçons de bois de trop grande taille.In general, the peripheral layers 9 located at the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 are preferably made of two or three sections of wood in the form of plates 10 placed in the extension of one another, in order to avoid use too large pieces of wood.

Entre ces plaques 10, sont disposés des tronçons 8 de taille plus réduite et par exemple en forme de montants dressés 11 qui constituent par juxtaposition une ou plusieurs couches centrales 12.Between these plates 10 are arranged sections 8 of smaller size and for example in the form of erected amounts 11 which constitute by juxtaposition one or more central layers 12.

Les tronçons 8 sont des inserts calibrés de matière solide, préférentiellement réalisés à partir de bois véritable, c'est-à-dire qu'il s'agit de pièces de bois d'un seul tenant, pleines et homogènes, voire de bois reconstitué.The sections 8 are calibrated inserts of solid material, preferentially made from real wood, that is to say it It is a piece of solid wood, solid and homogeneous, even reconstituted wood.

La nature du bois utilisé pour les tronçons 8 dépendra des caractéristiques de poids et de résistance souhaitées pour les blocs 1, ainsi que de sa disponibilité, de son taux de renouvellement et de son coût. Résistant, léger, peu onéreux et d'une croissance rapide, le pin est par exemple une matière préférée pour les tronçons 8 de bois.The nature of the wood used for the sections 8 will depend on the desired weight and strength characteristics for the blocks 1, as well as its availability, renewal rate and cost. Resistant, lightweight, inexpensive and fast growing, pine is for example a preferred material for sections 8 of wood.

Cependant, et sans sortir du concept inventif défini par les revendications, certains ou l'ensemble de ces tronçons 8 peuvent être réalisés à partir d'une autre matière ou d'un autre matériau et notamment à partir de déchets compactés, de matériau provenant de recyclage, de déchets écologiques, de morceaux de bois agglomérés, lamellés, reconstitués, aboutés, contreplaqués, laminés ou autre, ou de tout autre matériau dont les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques sont satisfaisantes et qui reste compatible avec le surmoulage permettant de lier par de la matière plastique les différents tronçons 8 entre eux et de former le bloc de construction 1. Bien entendu, ces matières ou matériaux seront conformés et calibrés préalablement à l'opération de surmoulage de manière à constituer des équivalents des inserts calibrés en bois.However, and without departing from the inventive concept defined by the claims, some or all of these sections 8 can be made from another material or another material and in particular from compacted waste, material from recycling, of ecological waste, pieces of wood agglomerated, laminated, reconstituted, butted, plywood, laminated or otherwise, or of any other material whose mechanical and thermal properties are satisfactory and which remains compatible with the overmolding allowing to bind by the plastic material the different sections 8 between them and form the building block 1. Of course, these materials or materials will be shaped and calibrated prior to the overmoulding operation so as to constitute equivalents of inserts calibrated wood.

Dans la suite de ce descriptif, par tronçons 8 de bois on entendra des tronçons 8 de matière solide composés de bois seul, d'une des matières précédemment citées, ou d'une combinaison de celles-ci.In the remainder of this description, sections 8 of wood will be understood to mean sections 8 of solid material composed of wood alone, one of the aforementioned materials, or a combination thereof.

Afin d'éviter d'éventuels problèmes de déformation, de cintrage ou de fissure, le bois utilisé pour les tronçons est préalablement séché, généralement par étuvage, avant surmoulage.In order to avoid possible problems of deformation, bending or cracking, the wood used for the sections is pre-dried, generally by steaming, before overmolding.

Afin de favoriser la cohésion entre les tronçons de bois par la matière plastique et l'adhésion du surmoulage, la matière solide utilisée pour les tronçons 8 peut être traitée par un produit favorisant son adhésion avec la matière plastique utilisée pour le surmoulage. Le bois peut ainsi être par exemple imbibé d'une résine à base de vinyle-éthylène-acrylate dilué préférentiellement à 40% d'eau.In order to promote the cohesion between the sections of wood by the plastic material and the adhesion of the overmoulding, the solid material used for the sections 8 may be treated with a product promoting its adhesion with the plastic material used for overmolding. The wood can thus be, for example, impregnated with a vinyl-ethylene-acrylate-based resin preferably diluted to 40% water.

Prévus pour être entièrement enveloppés par de la matière plastique qui les protège de l'humidité et de l'environnement extérieur, les tronçons de bois n'ont en principe pas besoin de traitement supplémentaire. Cependant pour une sécurité maximale, ces tronçons peuvent recevoir un ou plusieurs traitements classiques du bois par exemple contre le vieillissement, le pourrissement, le feu, les parasites du bois, les termites et autres insectes xylophages, les champignons ou autres.Designed to be fully wrapped with plastic that protects them from moisture and the external environment, the wooden stumps do not normally require additional treatment. However for maximum safety, these sections can receive one or more conventional wood treatments for example against aging, decay, fire, wood pests, termites and other xylophagous insects, fungi or other.

Selon l'invention, le bloc de construction 1 comprend également une couche de matière plastique 13 qui entoure le bloc 1 et le recouvre extérieurement sur chacune de ses faces par exemple à la manière d'une peau et qui en plus, s'intercale entre les tronçons 8 de façon à les lier les uns aux autres et à procurer une cohésion et une forme extérieure au bloc de construction 1.According to the invention, the building block 1 also comprises a layer of plastics material 13 which surrounds the block 1 and covers it externally on each of its faces, for example in the manner of a skin and which, in addition, is inserted between the sections 8 so as to bind to each other and to provide a cohesion and a shape external to the building block 1.

L'épaisseur de la couche de matière plastique 13 doit être suffisante pour assurer la cohésion des tronçons 8 et offrir une résistance adéquate à l'utilisation prévue pour les blocs de construction 1. Elle reste cependant préférentiellement faible, les blocs de constructions étant majoritairement composés de bois (préférentiellement à plus de 90%). Cette épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 0,5 et 5 millimètres, et plus préférentiellement sensiblement égale à 1,5 millimètre à l'extérieur du bloc 1 et est encore plus faible entre les tronçons 8.The thickness of the plastic layer 13 must be sufficient to ensure the cohesion of the sections 8 and provide adequate resistance to the intended use for the building blocks 1. It however remains preferably low, the building blocks being mainly composed of of wood (preferably more than 90%). This thickness is preferably between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably substantially equal to 1.5 millimeters outside the block 1 and is even smaller between the sections 8.

La matière plastique utilisée pour cette couche 13 peut être une matière thermoplastique, par exemple du polypropylène, du polyester, du PVC ou de l'ABS, ou une résine thermodurcissable, par exemple du polyuréthane. Elle peut évidemment être composée d'un mélange de plusieurs matières plastiques différentes ou d'une ou plusieurs matières plastiques avec d'autres composants. Le surmoulage par injection peut éventuellement être remplacé par un procédé de moulage par gravité ou par un procédé de moulage par réaction utilisant deux composés chimiques qui réagissent entre eux comme dans le cas du polyuréthane.The plastic material used for this layer 13 may be a thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene, polyester, PVC or ABS, or a thermosetting resin, for example polyurethane. It can obviously be composed of a mixture of several different plastics or one or more plastics with other components. Injection molding may optionally be replaced by a gravity molding process or by a reaction molding process using two chemical compounds which react with one another as in the case of polyurethane.

Pour des raisons de durabilité et de sécurité, la matière plastique utilisée comprend ainsi préférentiellement un ou plusieurs additifs qui augmentent par exemple sa résistance au feu, aux rayonnements ultraviolets, aux chocs et aux rayures.For reasons of durability and safety, the plastics material thus preferably comprises one or more additives which increase, for example, its resistance to fire, ultraviolet radiation, shocks and scratches.

La couche de matière plastique 13 est avantageusement formée par surmoulage de matière plastique autour et entre les tronçons 8.The plastic layer 13 is advantageously formed by overmolding plastic material around and between the sections 8.

Pour cela, les tronçons 8 sont placés dans un moule d'injection et y sont maintenus dans une position correspondant à celle qu'ils doivent occuper au sein du bloc de construction 1. Un léger espacement est prévu entre les différents tronçons 8 et les parois du moule, ainsi qu'entre les tronçons eux-mêmes de manière à ménager un espace libre pour le passage de la matière plastique.For this, the sections 8 are placed in an injection mold and are held in a position corresponding to that they must occupy within the building block 1. A slight spacing is provided between the different sections 8 and the walls of the mold, as well as between the sections themselves so as to provide a free space for the passage of the plastic material.

Juste avant cette étape de surmoulage, les tronçons de bois peuvent être pré-positionnés sur un gabarit et placés dans le moule d'injection par un robot.Just before this overmolding step, the wood sections can be pre-positioned on a template and placed in the injection mold by a robot.

Après fermeture du moule, la matière plastique à l'état fondue est injectée dans le moule et se répand autour et entre les tronçons 8. Elle forme ainsi après refroidissement la couche de matière plastique 13.After closing the mold, the molten plastic material is injected into the mold and spreads around and between the sections 8. It thus forms after cooling the layer of plastic material 13.

Cette opération de surmoulage donne au bloc sa cohésion et sa forme extérieure aux dimensions précises. Elle permet de lier et ainsi de solidariser les tronçons 8 entre eux par un phénomène d'adhérence entre les tronçons et la matière plastique. Lorsque ces tronçons 8 sont en bois, cette adhérence est avantageusement complétée par un ancrage mécanique de la matière plastique qui pénètre dans les aspérités et reliefs naturels du bois composant les tronçons 8.This overmoulding operation gives the block its cohesion and its external shape to precise dimensions. It allows to bind and thus to secure the sections 8 between them by a phenomenon of adhesion between the sections and the plastic material. When these sections 8 are made of wood, this adhesion is advantageously completed by a mechanical anchoring of the plastic material which penetrates into the asperities and natural reliefs of the wood forming the sections 8.

Selon une variante préférentielle de l'invention représentée sur les figures 20 et 21, pour améliorer la cohésion entre les tronçons 8 d'un même bloc 1, des gorges 14 ou autres structures creuses analogues peuvent être ménagées sur les chants des tronçons 8 prévus pour être disposés en vis-à-vis d'un autre tronçon 8 adjacent. Ces gorges 14 facilitent l'écoulement du flux de matière plastique chaude dans le moule de surmoulage et sa remontée entre les tronçons 8 qui sont habituellement à température ambiante.According to a preferred variant of the invention represented on the Figures 20 and 21 to improve the cohesion between the sections 8 of the same block 1, grooves 14 or other similar hollow structures may be formed on the edges of the sections 8 provided to be arranged opposite another adjacent section 8 . These grooves 14 facilitate the flow of hot plastic material in the overmolding mold and its rise between the sections 8 which are usually at room temperature.

Lorsque les différents tronçons 8 sont juxtaposés pour former le bloc de construction 1, les gorges 14 de deux tronçons adjacents peuvent avantageusement se retrouver placées en vis-à-vis et former ainsi un canal 15 plus important comme représenté sur la figure 21.When the different sections 8 are juxtaposed to form the building block 1, the grooves 14 of two adjacent sections may advantageously be placed facing each other and thus form a larger channel 15 as shown in FIG. figure 21 .

Pour réaliser une construction, le bloc de construction 1 selon l'invention est mis en oeuvre par superposition et positionné contre d'autres blocs de construction similaires puis solidarisé à ceux-ci par collage et encastrement.To achieve a construction, the building block 1 according to the invention is implemented by superposition and positioned against other similar building blocks then secured to them by gluing and embedding.

Il comporte pour cela une ou plusieurs structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 au niveau d'au moins une de ses faces de contact 6 et une ou plusieurs cavités de réception complémentaires 17 ménagées dans sa ou ses faces de contact 6 opposées.For this purpose, it comprises one or more recessed protruding structures 16 at the level of at least one of its contact faces 6 and one or more complementary receiving cavities 17 formed in its opposite contact face (s) 6.

Lorsque les blocs de construction 1 sont placés les uns à la suite des autres et les uns sur les autres, les structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 des blocs 1 s'engagent dans les cavités de réception complémentaires 17 correspondantes des blocs adjacents et coopèrent avec celles-ci pour former des moyens complémentaires de positionnement et d'immobilisation permettant d'encastrer les blocs de construction 1 à la manière des briques d'un jeu de construction.When the building blocks 1 are placed one after the other and on each other, the projecting mounting structures 16 of the blocks 1 engage the corresponding complementary receiving cavities 17 of the adjacent blocks and cooperate with those to form complementary positioning and immobilization means for embedding the building blocks 1 in the manner of bricks of a building set.

Ces structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 peuvent être réalisées en matière plastique moulée. Elles sont plus préférentiellement obtenues par un décalage d'un ou plusieurs des tronçons 8 du bloc 1 au-delà de la face de contact 6 concernée, créant ainsi simultanément l'apparition d'une cavité de réception complémentaire 17 dans la face de contact 6 opposée.These projecting protruding structures 16 may be made of molded plastic. They are more preferably obtained by an offset of one or more of the sections 8 of the block 1 beyond the contact face 6 concerned, thus simultaneously creating the appearance of a complementary receiving cavity 17 in the contact face 6 opposite.

Ainsi par exemple, au sein d'un ensemble de tronçons 8 prévus pour former un bloc de construction 1, certains tronçons 8 peuvent être décalés vers le haut, au niveau de la face de contact supérieure 3. Ainsi décalés vers le haut, la partie supérieure de chacun de ces tronçons forme une structure d'encastrement 16 de type tenon en saillie par rapport à la face de contact supérieure 3 du bloc 1, tandis que la partie inférieure de chacun de ces tronçons forme une cavité de réception complémentaire 17 de type mortaise en retrait par rapport à la face de contact inférieure 4 du bloc 1.For example, within a set of sections 8 provided to form a building block 1, some sections 8 may be shifted upwards, at the upper contact face 3. Thus shifted upwards, the part the upper part of each of these sections forms a recessing structure 16 of tenon type protruding with respect to the upper contact face 3 of the block 1, while the lower part of each of these sections forms a complementary receiving cavity 17 of type mortise recessed with respect to the lower contact face 4 of the block 1.

Etant de préférence obtenus à partir de tronçons de bois de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, ces tenons et mortaises présentent préférentiellement une section sensiblement carrée ou rectangulaire. Ils assurent un positionnement facile des blocs les uns sur les autres. Ces tenons et mortaises sont préférentiellement centrés sur l'axe longitudinal du bloc, de sorte que lorsqu'un bloc est encastré sur un autre dans le même sens, leurs faces visibles intérieure et extérieure sont respectivement dans un même plan, quelle que soit l'orientation du bloc de construction 1.Being preferably obtained from sections of wood of substantially parallelepiped shape, these tenons and mortises preferably have a substantially square or rectangular section. They ensure easy positioning of the blocks on each other. These tenons and mortises are preferably centered on the longitudinal axis of the block, so that when a block is embedded on another in the same direction, their inner and outer visible faces are respectively in the same plane, whatever the orientation of building block 1.

L'emplacement de ces structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 et cavités de réception complémentaires 17 est préférentiellement choisi de sorte que les blocs de construction 1 puissent être encastrés les uns sur les autres de façon décalée à chevauchement pour des raisons évidentes de solidité du mur obtenu à partir de ces blocs.The location of these recessed protruding structures 16 and complementary receiving cavities 17 is preferably chosen so that the building blocks 1 can be recessed onto each other in an overlapping manner for obvious reasons of the strength of the wall obtained. from these blocks.

Afin de faciliter le positionnement longitudinal des blocs de construction 1 les uns à côté des autres, une ou plusieurs structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 peut également être prévue sur un des chants latéraux d'extrémité 5, ainsi qu'une ou plusieurs cavités de réception complémentaires 17 sur le chant latéral d'extrémité 5 opposé.In order to facilitate the longitudinal positioning of the building blocks 1 next to one another, one or more recess protruding structures 16 may also be provided on one of the lateral end edges 5, as well as one or more receiving cavities. complementary 17 on the side edge 5 opposite end.

Comme précédemment, ces structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 et cavités de réception complémentaires 17 sont préférentiellement obtenues par un décalage, cette fois latéral, des tronçons 8 appartenant à la ou à l'une des couches centrales 12 du bloc de construction 1.As before, these recessed protruding structures 16 and complementary receiving cavities 17 are preferably obtained by an offset, this time lateral, of the sections 8 belonging to the or one of the central layers 12 of the building block 1.

Chaque bloc de construction 1 présente ainsi une saillie sur l'un de ses chants latéraux d'extrémité 5 et un logement correspondant sur son autre chant latéral d'extrémité 5 opposé. Ainsi, lors de l'édification d'un mur, la saillie d'un bloc est prévue pour pénétrer dans le logement correspondant du bloc qui est placé à sa suite en prolongement longitudinal. Lors de l'assemblage de blocs selon l'invention pour former un mur, ces saillies et logements assurent un centrage et un positionnement faciles des blocs les uns à la suite des autres.Each building block 1 thus has a protrusion on one of its end side edges 5 and a corresponding recess on its other opposite end side edge 5. Thus, during the construction of a wall, the projection of a block is provided to enter the corresponding housing of the block which is placed in its continuation in longitudinal extension. When assembling blocks according to the invention to form a wall, these projections and housings provide easy centering and positioning of the blocks one after the other.

Dans le cas où les blocs présentent des faces visibles 7 intérieure et extérieure différentes, les saillies et logements correspondants des chants latéraux d'extrémité 5 peuvent également remplir un rôle de détrompeur, de sorte que lorsqu'un premier bloc est positionné selon l'orientation voulue pour ses faces visibles 7, les blocs montés à la suite de celui-ci sur un même niveau sont également positionnés selon l'orientation souhaitée pour leurs faces visibles 7.In the case where the blocks have different inner and outer faces 7, the corresponding projections and recesses of the lateral end edges 5 can also fulfill a role of polarizing, so that when a first block is positioned according to the orientation desired for its visible faces 7, the blocks mounted thereupon on the same level are also positioned in the desired orientation for their visible faces 7.

En plus de cet encastrement, la solidarisation entre les différents blocs 1 d'une construction est préférentiellement assurée par collage, ce qui permet en outre de combler les éventuels interstices existants entre les blocs 1 une fois ceux-ci assemblés.In addition to this embedding, the connection between the different blocks 1 of a construction is preferably provided by gluing, which also allows to fill any existing gaps between the blocks 1 once they are assembled.

Un ou plusieurs cordons de colle est ou sont ainsi préférentiellement appliqué(s) entre les faces 6 en contact des différents blocs de construction 1, à savoir sur les faces supérieure 3 et inférieure 4, et les chants latéraux d'extrémité 5 des blocs de construction 1. Ces cordons de colle placés entre les faces de contact 6 des blocs mais non sur les faces visibles 7 de ceux-ci, assurent la solidité mais aussi l'étanchéité du mur en formant un joint empêchant l'humidité de pénétrer entre les blocs et garantissant une absence de pont thermique.One or more beads of glue is or are thus preferably applied between the faces 6 in contact with the different building blocks 1, namely on the upper 3 and lower 4 faces, and the end lateral edges 5 of the blocks of construction 1. These adhesive beads placed between the contact faces 6 of the blocks but not on the visible faces 7 thereof, ensure the strength but also the tightness of the wall forming a seal preventing moisture from entering between the blocks and guaranteeing a lack of thermal bridge.

On utilise pour cela une colle adaptée à la nature de la matière plastique constituant la couche de matière plastique 13 et par exemple une colle polyuréthane bi-composant ou une colle polyuréthane réticulant à l'humidité ambiante, des colles époxy ou toute colle analogue. Ces colles peuvent être rigides ou au contraire conserver une certaine souplesse pour permettre au mur de travailler sans contraintes.For this purpose, an adhesive is used which is adapted to the nature of the plastic material constituting the plastic layer 13 and for example a two-component polyurethane adhesive or a polyurethane glue which cross-links to ambient humidity, epoxy adhesives or any similar adhesive. These glues can be rigid or on the contrary maintain a certain flexibility to allow the wall to work without constraints.

Afin d'améliorer ce collage, le bloc 1 selon l'invention peut avantageusement comporter sur ses faces de contact 6 une ou plusieurs zones de collage 18 matérialisées par un relief adapté, par exemple un ensemble de stries ou de rainures. Ces zones de collage 18 augmentent la surface de collage et logent l'éventuel surplus de colle. Un exemple de telles zones de collage 18 a été représenté sur les figures 1 à 4, ainsi que 8 à 10.To improve this bonding, the block 1 according to the invention may advantageously comprise on its contact faces 6 one or more bonding areas 18 materialized by a suitable relief, for example a set of grooves or grooves. These bonding areas 18 increase the bonding surface and accommodate any excess glue. An example of such bonding areas 18 has been shown on the Figures 1 to 4 , as well as 8 to 10.

Selon un grand avantage de l'invention, les blocs de construction 1 peuvent comporter des revêtements spécifiques sur leur faces visibles 7, déposés directement pendant le surmoulage ou juste après celui-ci. Les faces visibles 7 présentent ainsi un aspect fini esthétique dès la fabrication du bloc 1 et les murs construits à partir de ces blocs peuvent rester tels quels.According to a great advantage of the invention, the building blocks 1 may comprise specific coatings on their visible faces 7, deposited directly during the overmoulding or just after it. The visible faces 7 thus have a finished aesthetic appearance from the manufacture of the block 1 and the walls constructed from these blocks can remain as they are.

Un revêtement spécifique différent peut être prévu sur chacune des faces visibles 7 extérieure et intérieure du bloc 1, de manière à former par exemple une face décorée et esthétique pour la face visible destinée à être placée à l'intérieur du bâtiment et une face renforcée et traitée contre les agressions extérieures pour la face visible destinée à se retrouver à l'extérieur du bâtiment.A different specific coating may be provided on each of the outer and inner visible faces 7 of the block 1, so as to form, for example, a decorated and aesthetic face for the visible face intended to be placed inside the building and a reinforced face and treated against external aggression for the visible face intended to be found outside the building.

Il est possible d'injecter dans le même moule deux matières plastiques différentes, l'une pour la face extérieure, l'autre pour la face intérieure.It is possible to inject in the same mold two different plastics, one for the outer face, the other for the inner face.

On peut ainsi obtenir facilement des teintes différentes et choisir les matières les mieux adaptées aux contraintes.It is thus possible to easily obtain different shades and choose the materials best suited to the constraints.

Pour une question de prix il est possible également d'utiliser une matière plastique recyclée ou de faible coût pour les parois internes et une matière noble teintée et résistant aux intempéries pour les surfaces visibles.For a question of price it is also possible to use a recycled plastic material or low cost for the internal walls and a stained and weatherproof noble material for visible surfaces.

La couleur finale des faces visibles 7 des blocs 1 peut être obtenue par une teinte de la couleur souhaitée directement dans la masse de la matière plastique. Un décor ou un rendu particulier, par exemple en relief, peut être obtenu au moyen d'un relief ou de motifs présents sur les parois du moule ou par un revêtement placé dans le moule ou appliqué, ou projeté sur les faces visibles 7 des blocs 1 à leur sortie du moule. Par exemple, il est ainsi possible d'obtenir un aspect de grains, de nervures de bois, de roche, lisse, rugueux ou autre, par exemple un aspect de bois, de pierre taillée, de brique ou de crépis.The final color of the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 can be obtained by a shade of the desired color directly in the mass of the plastic material. A particular decoration or rendering, for example in relief, can be obtained by means of a relief or patterns present on the walls of the mold or by a coating placed in the mold or applied, or projected on the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 at their exit from the mold. For example, it is possible to obtain an appearance of grains, wood ribs, rock, smooth, rough or other, for example an appearance of wood, carved stone, brick or plaster.

Tout type de revêtement peut être envisagé pour les faces visibles 7 des blocs, par exemple du type peinture, film, feuillard, granulés de pierre naturelle, sable, poudre, pigments, particules synthétiques, etc. Toutes sortes d'effets esthétiques, traditionnels ou modernes, peuvent ainsi être obtenus à moindre coût directement sur les blocs de construction 1 selon l'invention. Cela permet avantageusement, et à moindre coût, de proposer divers rendus finaux, voire de créer des blocs de construction présentant un rendu personnalisé selon les souhaits de l'utilisateur.Any type of coating may be envisaged for the visible faces 7 of the blocks, for example of the painting, film, strip, natural stone granules, sand, powder, pigments, synthetic particles, etc. type. All kinds of aesthetic effects, traditional or modern, can thus be obtained cheaply directly on the building blocks 1 according to the invention. This advantageously allows, and at a lower cost, to offer various final renderings, or even to create building blocks with a personalized rendering according to the wishes of the user.

Bien que cela soit superflu, il reste bien entendu possible de revêtir les murs par la suite, par des moyens traditionnels selon les souhaits de l'utilisateur.Although it is superfluous, it is of course possible to coat the walls later, by traditional means according to the wishes of the user.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention représenté sur les figures 1, 2 et 5 à 7, les blocs de construction 1 de l'invention peuvent être des blocs pleins. Compacts et solides ces blocs de construction sont satisfaisants et offrent un pouvoir thermiquement isolant égal à celui du bois entouré de plastique.According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5 to 7 , the building blocks 1 of the invention can be solid blocks. Compact and solid these building blocks are satisfactory and offer a thermally insulating power equal to that of wood surrounded by plastic.

Selon un second mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention représenté sur les figures 3, 4 et 11 à 13, les blocs de construction 1 de l'invention peuvent être des blocs renfermant des alvéoles 19, c'est-à-dire des zones creuses traversantes.According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the Figures 3, 4 and 11 to 13 , the building blocks 1 of the invention may be blocks containing cells 19, that is to say hollow areas through.

Plus larges et tout aussi solides que les précédents, ces blocs de construction sont satisfaisants et offrent un pouvoir isolant thermique supérieur du fait de la couche d'air associée au bois et au plastique.Larger and just as solid as the previous ones, these building blocks are satisfactory and offer superior thermal insulating power due to the air layer associated with wood and plastic.

Son poids restant adapté à sa manipulation, le bloc de construction 1 selon l'invention ne doit pas présenter des dimensions trop grandes. Pour des raisons d'isolation thermique, de solidité et de rapidité de montage des murs obtenus à partir de blocs 1 selon l'invention, il ne doit pas être trop petit non plus.Its remaining weight adapted to its handling, the building block 1 according to the invention must not have too large dimensions. For reasons of thermal insulation, strength and speed of assembly of the walls obtained from blocks 1 according to the invention, it must not be too small either.

Dans son mode de réalisation plein représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le bloc de construction 1 selon l'invention présente par exemple, les dimensions sensiblement suivantes : 60 centimètres de longueur, 30 centimètres de hauteur et 20 centimètres d'épaisseur.In its full embodiment represented on the Figures 1 and 2 , the building block 1 according to the invention has, for example, substantially the following dimensions: 60 centimeters in length, 30 centimeters in height and 20 centimeters in thickness.

Dans son mode de réalisation creux représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, ou selon une variante épais large du bloc pour un pouvoir isolant thermique renforcé, le bloc de construction 1 selon l'invention présente par exemple les dimensions sensiblement suivantes : 60 centimètres de longueur, 30 centimètres de hauteur et 30 centimètres d'épaisseur.In its hollow embodiment shown on the Figures 3 and 4 , or according to a broad thick variant of the block for a reinforced thermal insulating power, the building block 1 according to the invention has for example the following dimensions substantially: 60 centimeters in length, 30 centimeters in height and 30 centimeters in thickness.

On préfère les blocs de construction dont la longueur est le double de l'épaisseur, ce qui permet, lorsque les tenons et mortaises sont correctement centrées, d'immobiliser par encastrement des blocs de construction 1 l'un au dessus de l'autre en alignement longitudinal ou à angle droit (non représenté).Blocks of construction whose length is twice the thickness are preferred, which makes it possible, when the tenons and mortises are correctly centered, to immobilize, by embedding, building blocks 1 one above the other. longitudinal or right angle alignment (not shown).

Selon le second mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les blocs de construction 1 présentent des creux ou des alvéoles 19. Ces alvéoles 19 sont des zones creuses traversantes qui améliorent les propriétés d'isolation thermique du bloc 1.According to the second preferred embodiment of the invention, the building blocks 1 have recesses or cells 19. These cells 19 are through hollow zones which improve the thermal insulation properties of the block 1.

Afin d'améliorer la rigidité du bloc et la cohésion des tronçons 8 disposés autour des alvéoles 19, des entretoises de liaison 20 sont préférentiellement prévues à l'intérieur des alvéoles 19. Ces entretoises 20 peuvent être formées de tronçons de bois supplémentaires ou peuvent plus avantageusement être réalisées en matière plastique directement lors de l'étape de surmoulage, par exemple sous la forme de nervures conformées dans la même matière que celle utilisée pour la couche de matière plastique 13. Plusieurs exemples de telles entretoises de liaison 20 sont représentés sur les figures 14 à 19.In order to improve the rigidity of the block and the cohesion of the sections 8 arranged around the cells 19, connecting struts 20 are preferably provided inside the cells 19. These struts 20 may be formed of additional sections of wood or may be more advantageously be made of plastic directly during the overmolding step, for example in the form of ribs shaped in the same material as that used for the plastic layer 13. Several examples of such connecting struts 20 are shown on the Figures 14 to 19 .

Les blocs de construction 1 présentant des alvéoles 19 sont préférentiellement prévus de sorte que les alvéoles 19 des différents blocs de construction 1 communiquent verticalement entre elles lorsque les blocs 1 sont superposés les uns sur les autres et ce malgré le décalage des blocs lorsqu'ils sont encastrés à chevauchement.The building blocks 1 having cells 19 are preferably provided so that the cells 19 of the various building blocks 1 communicate vertically with each other when the blocks 1 are superimposed on each other and this despite the shift of the blocks when they are recessed overlapping.

En plus de leur fonction d'isolation, les alvéoles 19 peuvent aussi, comme représenté sur les figures 14 et 15, servir au passage vertical et horizontal de conduites 21, de tubes, de gaines, de canalisations, de câbles 22 ou analogues, par exemple faisant partie de l'installation électrique du bâtiment ou destinés à la circulation d'eau sanitaire ou de fluide caloporteur pour un réseau de chauffage ou de climatisation. Avantageusement, ces conduites 21, tubes, gaines, canalisations, câbles 22 ou analogues placés dans les alvéoles 19 peuvent monter dans les murs tout en restant invisibles et sans qu'il soit nécessaire de réaliser de saignée(s) dans le mur.In addition to their insulating function, the cells 19 can also, as shown in FIGS. Figures 14 and 15 , serve for the vertical and horizontal passage of pipes 21, tubes, ducts, pipes, cables 22 or the like, for example forming part of the electrical installation of the building or for the circulation of domestic water or heat transfer fluid for a heating or air conditioning network. Advantageously, these pipes 21, tubes, ducts, ducts, cables 22 or the like placed in the cells 19 can mount in the walls while remaining invisible and without the need to bleed (s) in the wall.

Pour l'entrée et la sortie de ces conduites, câbles ou autres à travers les parois périphériques des blocs de construction 1 de l'invention, il suffit de percer des ouvertures qui communiquent avec les alvéoles 19. Ces ouvertures peuvent facilement être équipées de prises, d'interrupteurs ou autres dispositifs électriques ou non électriques.For the entry and exit of these pipes, cables or other through the peripheral walls of the building blocks 1 of the invention, it suffices to drill openings that communicate with the cells 19. These openings can easily be equipped with outlets , switches or other electrical or non-electrical devices.

Pour les installateurs, il est ainsi facile et rapide de mettre en place un réseau électrique ou de circulation de fluide, que cela soit à la construction du bâtiment ou par la suite en rénovation. De même, il est aisé de monter des prises de courant, des interrupteurs ou autres sur les faces visibles des blocs de construction 1 de l'invention tout en les raccordant au câblage électrique présent dans les alvéoles 19.For installers, it is thus easy and quick to set up an electrical network or fluid circulation, whether at the construction of the building or subsequently under renovation. Similarly, it is easy to mount sockets, switches or other on the visible faces of the building blocks 1 of the invention while connecting them to the electrical wiring present in the cells 19.

Afin de permettre un passage longitudinal des conduites, câbles ou autres à l'intérieur d'un même bloc de construction 1 ou d'un bloc de construction 1 au bloc de construction adjacent, des ouvertures traversantes 23 peuvent être ménagées dans les chants latéraux d'extrémité 5 du bloc 1, ainsi que dans les tronçons 8 et les entretoises de liaison 20 situés en vis-à-vis dans le prolongement longitudinal des ouvertures des parois de manière à constituer un ou plusieurs passages longitudinaux continus et traversants à l'intérieur du bloc.In order to allow a longitudinal passage of pipes, cables or others inside the same building block 1 or a building block 1 to the adjacent building block, through openings 23 may be formed in the side edges of end 5 of the block 1, as well as in the sections 8 and the connecting struts 20 facing each other in the longitudinal extension of the openings of the walls so as to constitute one or more continuous and through longitudinal passages inside. of the block.

Ces ouvertures traversantes 23 peuvent être pratiquées lors d'une opération de perçage postérieure au surmoulage du bloc 1 par exemple au moyen d'un outil suffisamment long pour réaliser en une seule étape de perçage toutes les ouvertures successives d'un même passage longitudinal.These through openings 23 may be made during a drilling operation subsequent to overmoulding of the block 1 for example by means of a tool long enough to perform in a single drilling step all the successive openings of the same longitudinal passage.

Il est également possible de former les ouvertures traversantes 23 des entretoises de liaison 20 directement par moulage en partie basse et/ou en partie haute de celles-ci comme représenté sur les figures 17 à 19.It is also possible to form the through openings 23 connecting struts 20 directly by molding at the bottom and / or in the upper part thereof as shown in FIGS. Figures 17 to 19 .

De même, les tronçons 8 situés au niveau du passage longitudinal traversant peuvent être prévus plus courts de façon à laisser ce passage libre par un simple positionnement adapté des tronçons lors de l'opération de surmoulage, permettant ainsi d'éviter l'opération ultérieure de perçage.Similarly, the sections 8 situated at the longitudinal through passage may be provided shorter so as to leave this free passage by a simple positioning of the sections adapted during the overmolding operation, thereby avoiding the subsequent operation of drilling.

De tels passages longitudinaux traversants peuvent être prévus systématiquement dans tous des blocs de construction 1 ou préférentiellement uniquement dans certains blocs spécifiques spécialement prévus à cet effet.Such longitudinal through passages may be provided systematically in all building blocks 1 or preferably only in specific specific blocks provided for this purpose.

L'utilisation des blocs de construction 1 selon l'invention par encastrement et collage pour le montage de murs et la construction de bâtiments est simple et à la portée de tous.The use of building blocks 1 according to the invention by embedding and gluing for the assembly of walls and the construction of buildings is simple and within the reach of all.

Pour cela, la base de chaque mur peut être constituée à partir d'une ou de plusieurs solives 24 comportant des structures saillantes d'encastrement 16 ou tenons similaires à ceux des blocs 1, comme représenté sur les figures 22 à 26.For this, the base of each wall may be formed from one or more joists 24 having recessed mounting structures 16 or tenons similar to those of the blocks 1, as shown in FIGS. Figures 22 to 26 .

Ces solives 24 servent de référence initiale pour le positionnement ultérieur des blocs de construction 1 et sont pour cela réalisées selon des dimensions précises. Elles sont de préférence fabriquées par surmoulage d'un insert en bois ou selon un autre procédé et/ou avec une autre matière.These joists 24 serve as initial reference for the subsequent positioning of the building blocks 1 and are therefore made according to precise dimensions. They are preferably manufactured by overmoulding a wood insert or by another method and / or with another material.

Dans le cas d'un surmoulage d'un insert en bois, celui-ci peut être lisse. Le sens des fibres du bois est parallèle à la longueur de la solive. Le bois est entièrement recouvert de matière plastique. Les tenons sont réalisés par moulage. Ces tenons ne sont pas massifs mais constitués uniquement d'une nervure ayant la forme externe du tenon.In the case of an overmoulding of a wood insert, it can be smooth. The direction of the wood fibers is parallel to the length of the joist. The wood is completely covered with plastic material. The tenons are made by molding. These tenons are not massive but consist only of a rib having the outer form of the tenon.

Chaque solive peut être réalisée en plusieurs parties encastrables au moyen d'une liaison mécanique de type en queue d'aronde 25. Ainsi, des encastrements prévus au niveau des extrémités des solives 24 permettent de les lier entre elles en conservant un espacement précis entre les tenons, y compris au niveau des angles. Comme représenté sur les figures 22 à 26, des solives spécifiques peuvent être prévues selon qu'elles sont utilisées pour une partie droite, en angle droit ou en T.Each joist can be made in several parts recessed by means of a dovetail-type mechanical connection 25. Thus, recesses provided at the ends of the joists 24 allow them to be interconnected while maintaining a precise spacing between the tenons, including at the angles . As shown on Figures 22 to 26 , specific joists may be provided depending on whether they are used for a straight, right-angle or T-section.

Lors de leur pose, les solives 24 sont préférentiellement alignées au moyen d'un faisceau laser, afin de donner une référence parfaitement droite pour les blocs de construction 1 et donc les murs qui seront montés par la suite sur ces solives 24. Les solives 24 sont de préférence collées sur une dalle ou sur des fondations avec du ciment ou une colle adaptée.During their installation, the joists 24 are preferably aligned by means of a laser beam, in order to give a perfectly straight reference for the building blocks 1 and therefore the walls that will be mounted thereafter on these joists 24. The joists 24 are preferably glued on a slab or on foundations with cement or a suitable glue.

Pour la réalisation des angles, on peut prévoir d'utiliser deux blocs de construction spécifiques de forme en coin, tels que 26 et 27, présentant la même hauteur et la même largeur que les autres mais l'un, 26, avec deux longueurs en angle droit égales à celles des autres blocs 1 de base, et l'autre, 27, avec deux longueurs en angle droit égales à la moitié de celles des autres blocs 1 de base, comme cela est représenté sur les figures 23 et 24.For the realization of the angles, it is possible to use two specific blocks of wedge-shaped construction, such as 26 and 27, having the same height and the same width as the others, but one, 26, with two lengths in length. right angles equal to those of the other basic blocks 1, and the other, 27, with two right-angle lengths equal to half of those of the other basic blocks 1, as shown on the Figures 23 and 24 .

Ainsi par exemple, pour des blocs 1 de base de 60 centimètres de longueur, les blocs de construction spécifiques de forme en coin 26 et 27 auront pour l'un deux longueurs en angle droit de 60 centimètres et pour l'autre deux longueurs en angle droit de 30 centimètres.For example, for basic blocks 1 of 60 centimeters in length, the specific wedge-shaped building blocks 26 and 27 will have one of two lengths at a right angle of 60 centimeters and the other two lengths of angle. right of 30 centimeters.

Pour la réalisation des jonctions en T, par exemple avec les murs intérieurs, on peut prévoir d'utiliser un bloc de construction spécifique de forme en T 28, présentant les mêmes hauteur, longueur et largeur que les autres blocs de base mais avec une prolongation centrale transversale 29 d'une longueur égale à la moitié de la longueur des blocs 1 de base, comme représenté sur les figures 25 et 26. Sur un tel bloc de construction spécifique de forme en T 28, la rangée supérieure est alors constituée de blocs 1 de base.For the realization of the T-junctions, for example with the interior walls, it is possible to use a specific T-shaped building block 28, having the same height, length and width as the other basic blocks but with an extension. cross-section 29 of a length equal to half the length of the basic blocks 1, as shown in FIGS. Figures 25 and 26 . On such a specific T-shaped building block 28, the upper row is then made up of basic blocks 1.

De manière évidente, l'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation préférentiels décrits précédemment et représentés sur les différentes figures, l'homme du métier pouvant y apporter de nombreuses modifications et imaginer d'autres variantes sans sortir ni de la portée, ni du cadre de l'invention définis par les revendications.Obviously, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above and represented in the various figures, the person skilled in the art being able to bring many modifications and imagine other variants without departing from the scope or scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Par exemple, bien que nous ayons uniquement représenté des blocs de construction 1 rectilignes ou en angle droit on peut envisager des blocs de construction curvilignes ou en arc de cercle conçus selon la même idée inventive et faisant partie de l'invention.For example, although we have only represented building blocks 1 rectilinear or at right angles we can consider curvilinear building blocks or circular arc designed according to the same inventive idea and forming part of the invention.

De même, bien que les arêtes des blocs de construction 1 selon l'invention soient préférentiellement en angle droit, on peut envisager de les réaliser arrondies pour des raisons esthétiques ou techniques.Similarly, although the edges of the building blocks 1 according to the invention are preferentially at right angles, it is conceivable to realize them rounded for aesthetic or technical reasons.

Selon une variante non représentée, on peut également prévoir des tenons 16 avec une section circulaire ou polygonale, de manière à pouvoir encastrer des blocs les uns sur les autres selon un angle variable.According to a variant not shown, one can also provide tenons 16 with a circular or polygonal section, so as to be able to embed blocks on each other at a variable angle.

En effet, le surmoulage par une matière plastique autorise une grande liberté de dessins et de formes avec de grandes variations, sans entraîner de surcoût. On peut par exemple envisager des blocs de construction spéciaux intégrant des éléments spécifiques en relief ou en creux sur leurs faces visibles, tels que des blocs de construction présentant des segments d'étagères, des niches de rangement, des crochets de rangement pour des outils, des articles de jardin ou des bicyclettes, des prises d'escalade, des prises ou interrupteurs électriques, des portemanteaux, etc.Indeed, overmoulding by a plastic material allows great freedom of drawings and shapes with great variations, without incurring additional cost. One can for example consider special building blocks incorporating specific elements in relief or recessed on their visible faces, such as building blocks with shelf segments, storage niches, storage hooks for tools, garden articles or bicycles, climbing holds, electric sockets or switches, coat racks, etc.

De même, les dimensions ne sont données qu'à titre d'exemple et ne doivent pas être interprétées de manière limitative. Ainsi, pour des cloisons intérieures, on peut envisager des blocs de construction moins épais, tout comme il est possible d'envisager des blocs de construction plus larges, plus hauts et/ou plus longs, notamment dans le cas où un bois très léger est utilisé pour les tronçons 8.Similarly, the dimensions are given only by way of example and should not be interpreted in a limiting manner. Thus, for interior partitions, we can consider building blocks thinner, just as it is possible to consider building blocks wider, higher and / or longer, especially in the case where a very light wood is used for sections 8.

Enfin, les faces visibles 7 des blocs de construction 1 de l'invention peuvent présenter sur certains de leurs bords une prolongation saillante 30 dans le même plan ou nez, de préférence au niveau de leur bord supérieur et de l'un de leurs bords latéraux, ainsi qu'une rainure 31 complémentaire sur leurs bords opposés, de préférence au niveau de leur bord inférieur et de leur autre bord latéral (voir figure 27).Finally, the visible faces 7 of the building blocks 1 of the invention may have on some of their edges a protruding extension 30 in the same plane or nose, preferably at their upper edge and one of their lateral edges. , and a complementary groove 31 on their opposite edges, preferably at their lower edge and their other lateral edge (see figure 27 ).

Lorsque de tels blocs de construction sont encastrés les uns sur les autres et les uns à la suite longitudinale des autres, les prolongations saillantes 30 des faces visibles 7 de ces blocs 1 s'engagent dans les rainures 31 complémentaires des blocs 1 adjacents. Elles masquent ainsi la partie de jonction entre les blocs 1 empilés et le joint formé par les cordons de colle utilisés pour cette jonction et permettent d'obtenir une finition nette et propre. Elles peuvent également servir à renforcer l'isolation et l'étanchéité des murs en cas de défaut de collage.When such building blocks are embedded one on the other and following one another longitudinally, the protruding extensions 30 of the visible faces 7 of these blocks 1 engage in the complementary grooves 31 of the adjacent blocks 1. They thus mask the joining part between the stacked blocks 1 and the seal formed by the adhesive cords used for this junction and provide a clean and clean finish. They can also be used to reinforce the insulation and the watertightness of the walls in the event of gluing failure.

Ces prolongations 30 et rainures 31 complémentaires présentent par exemple une épaisseur sensiblement égale à 2 millimètres et une hauteur sensiblement égale à 4 millimètres.These extensions 30 and complementary grooves 31 have for example a thickness substantially equal to 2 millimeters and a height substantially equal to 4 millimeters.

Claims (19)

  1. Building block (1) having two main faces (2), inner and outer, a top face (3), a lower face (4) and two end side faces or edges (5) designed for the construction of a wall, a partition or a panel by gluing and embedding of building blocks (1) one after the other and on top of each other so that their top faces (3) and lower faces (4) are in mutual contact, as are their end side faces (5), these faces being designated as "contact" faces (6), and so that the two main faces (2) of each block (1) form the inner and outer faces of the wall, these faces being designated as "visible" inner and outer faces (7), the building block (1) comprising:
    - several sections (8) of solid material positioned adjacent to each other to form a block, some sections being offset beyond at least one of the contact faces (6) of the building block (1) to create one or more projecting embedding structures (16) on the concerned contact faces(s) (6) and one or more complementary receiving cavities (17) made in its opposing contact face(s) (6), these structures constituting means for positioning and assembling of the final block,
    the building block (1) being characterized in that it comprises:
    - a plastic layer (13) which surrounds the body to cover it on the outside on each of its faces and which is additionally interposed between the sections (8) of solid material so as to bind them to each other and provide cohesion and external shape to the building block (1), and in that the sections (8) of solid material are juxtaposed to form the building block (1).
  2. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (8) of solid material are calibrated inserts made from genuine timber and each consist of solid and homogeneous single pieces of wood, or calibrated inserts made from compacted waste, material from recycling, green waste, pieces of chipboard, laminated wood, reconstituted wood, buttings, plywood, laminates or any other material whose mechanical and thermal properties are satisfactory and which is compatible with the over-moulding used to bind the different sections (8) together with plastic and form the building block (1).
  3. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more projecting embedding structures (16) on its top face (3) together with one or more complementary receiving cavities (17) on its lower face (4), these structures being obtained by vertical offset of sections (8) of the building block (1).
  4. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more projecting embedding structures (16) on one of its end side edges (5) together with one or more complementary receiving cavities (17) on its opposing end side edge (5), these structures being obtained by lateral offset of sections (8) of the building block (1).
  5. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting embedding structures (16) and the complementary receiving cavities (17) are centred on the longitudinal axis of the block.
  6. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic layer (13) is a layer of thermoplastic material, thermosetting resin, a mixture of several different plastic materials or one more plastics with other components formed by over-moulding around and between the sections (8).
  7. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (8) are of parallelepiped shape and in that the projecting embedding structures (16) and the complementary receiving cavities (17) have a square or rectangular cross section.
  8. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (8) are all of the same length and are erected in a vertical arrangement.
  9. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that peripheral layers (9) located on the visible faces (7) of the block (1) are constituted by two or three sections of solid material in the form of plates (10) placed in prolongation with each other and in that a set of sections (8) of smaller size and in the form of upright struts (11) is arranged between the plates (10), these sections (8) forming one or more central layers (12) by juxtaposition.
  10. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that grooves (14) or other similar hollow structures are made on the edges of the sections (8) intended to be arranged facing another adjacent section (8), two grooves (14) placed facing each other forming a channel (15) between two adjacent sections.
  11. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises on its contact faces (6) one or more gluing areas (18) materialized by appropriate relief.
  12. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a specific coating on at least one of its visible faces (7), this specific coating consisting of paint, film, foil, natural stone granules, sand, powder, pigments, synthetic particles or similar materials.
  13. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains hollows or cells (19).
  14. Building block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that connecting webs (20) are provided inside the cells (19).
  15. Building block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the connecting webs (20) are formed by additional sections of solid material or are created in plastic directly during the over-moulding step in the form of ribs moulded in the same material as used for the plastic layer (13) and in that the connecting webs (20) have through openings (23) in their bottom and/or top part.
  16. Building block (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the cells (19) of the different building blocks (1) communicate vertically with each other when blocks (1) are placed on top of each other, despite the offset of the blocks when they are embedded in overlap.
  17. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is T-shaped (28) for producing T-junctions and has the same height, length and width as another basic block but with a transverse central extension (29) of a length equal to half the length of a basic block (1).
  18. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is corner-shaped (26 or 27) for producing angles and has the same height and the same width as the others but with two lengths at right angles equal to those of the other blocks (1) or with two lengths at right angles equal to half those of the other basic blocks (1).
  19. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has on at least one of its visible faces (7) a projecting extension (30) in the same plane on its top edge and on one of its side edges, together with a complementary groove (31) on its opposite side on its lower edge and on its other side edge.
EP11781649.6A 2010-10-27 2011-10-25 Interlocking building block formed from an assembly of sections made of solid material that are joined together and encapsulated in an overmoulded plastic Active EP2633133B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1004213A FR2966852B1 (en) 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 BUILDING BUILDING BLOCK, FORM OF A SET OF STIFESTIBLES OF SOLID MATERIAL FOUNDED AND COATED BY SURMOULED PLASTIC MATERIAL.
PCT/IB2011/054752 WO2012056394A1 (en) 2010-10-27 2011-10-25 Interlocking building block formed from an assembly of sections made of solid material that are joined together and encapsulated in an overmoulded plastic

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2633133A1 EP2633133A1 (en) 2013-09-04
EP2633133B1 true EP2633133B1 (en) 2014-12-10

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EP (1) EP2633133B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2532109T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2966852B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012056394A1 (en)

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US9551147B2 (en) 2014-07-11 2017-01-24 Vidar Marstein Building block for wall construction

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GB2502139A (en) * 2012-05-18 2013-11-20 Peter John Charles Spurgeon A kit of interlocking blocks comprising at least one block with a hermaphrodite connector
FR2997109A1 (en) * 2012-10-24 2014-04-25 Rehau Sa BUILDING BLOCK FORMED OF A CELL CONCRETE BODY ENVELOPED BY PLASTIC MATERIAL.
DE102013104077A1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-10-23 Maik Rödiger Construction system with a building construction for the construction of structures in dry and self-construction
AU2018333845B2 (en) 2017-09-14 2022-12-08 Jenner Innovation Pty Ltd System for building a load bearing structure
FR3071262A1 (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-03-22 Ladinvest BUILDING BLOCK
WO2021035539A1 (en) * 2019-08-27 2021-03-04 邹胜斌 Combined modular lattice-type floor panel
CN112878549B (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-08 吉林建筑大学 Energy-saving partition type building board and preparation device thereof
CN114986818B (en) * 2022-06-02 2023-12-19 新疆大都建设工程有限公司 Assembled building module and preparation method thereof

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FR911941A (en) * 1944-06-14 1946-07-24 building element
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AT390466B (en) * 1988-06-28 1990-05-10 Mosser Holzindustrie Ges M B H Structural element for erecting walls
DE4107430C2 (en) * 1991-03-08 1994-08-11 Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk Component
AT501435A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-09-15 Hehenberger Gerald Dipl Ing HOLZBAU PART

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US9551147B2 (en) 2014-07-11 2017-01-24 Vidar Marstein Building block for wall construction

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FR2966852B1 (en) 2012-12-14
WO2012056394A1 (en) 2012-05-03
FR2966852A1 (en) 2012-05-04
EP2633133A1 (en) 2013-09-04
ES2532109T3 (en) 2015-03-24

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