FR2997109A1 - BUILDING BLOCK FORMED OF A CELL CONCRETE BODY ENVELOPED BY PLASTIC MATERIAL. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a building block (1) which is provided for the construction of a wall or the like by gluing and / or embedding identical building blocks (1) one after the other and / or one or the other. on the others so that their upper (4) and lower (5) faces and / or their so-called "contact" end lateral edges (6, 7) are in mutual contact, and so that the inner and outer main faces exterior (2, 3) of each block (1) form the visible inner and outer faces of the wall. Each building block (1) is characterized in that it comprises at least one rigid body (8) and a casing (9) of plastic material at least partially enveloping said rigid body (8), the rigid body (8) comprising at least one mass of cellular concrete or mainly of cellular concrete.

Description

The present invention relates to a cellular concrete construction block coated, covered or otherwise wrapped with a thickness of plastic material. It is intended to be used in the field of the building to realize walls, walls and partitions, houses, various shelters, garages, any buildings or any other type of construction by embedding and / or collage several building blocks. Particularly in the field of the construction of residential houses, it is desired to use more and more cellular concrete, because it is a thermally insulating material, resistant, economical, durable, inert, with an extremely low thermal expansion , good mechanical strength and lighter than stone, bricks or concrete. Cellular concrete building blocks have been known for a long time and are intended to be juxtaposed and glued together for the construction of walls and walls. However, these monolithic cellular concrete building blocks are unsightly, and are likely to absorb moisture if wet. In addition, they are difficult to plaster, coat or paint and are more sensitive to impact than bricks and concrete blocks. Therefore, these blocks are not always compatible with a construction exposed to climatic conditions and bad weather, and that one wishes to see to last many years. In addition, once assembled these cellular concrete building blocks must be painted or coated with an external coating or plaster, at least on their outer face, to provide a satisfactory aesthetic appearance for the facade, which represents an additional cost in the realization of constructions made from these blocks. These surface treatments are also difficult to achieve due to the presence of dust and surface aerated concrete powder, which also increases their cost. It is also necessary to consider a surface protection in order to waterproof them and to protect them against external conditions, but nothing currently exists to improve their solidity, in particular with respect to shocks, and to improve in a simple and economic way, their aesthetics. The exterior walls of the current constructions are traditionally made by stacking brick-type building elements, blocks, concrete blocks, blocks of stone, concrete block or other similar elements, which are immobilized between them by the application of a layer of cement or mortar.

These walls, usually mounted by professionals, require the subsequent application of an aesthetic coating on their visible faces to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. The object of the invention is to propose an alternative to these traditional building elements by providing a building block mainly of cellular concrete and plastic material, intended to be assembled with other similar building blocks and which does not have the defects of existing building blocks. An advantage of the building block according to the invention is obtained by the combination of the characteristics of cellular concrete and the advantages of a plastic envelope to manufacture blocks for the realization of insulating walls in the field of construction including dwellings. The aim assigned to the invention is achieved by means of a building block, having an inner main face, an outer main face, an upper face, a lower face, and two end lateral edges, said block of construction comprising at least one rigid body and at least one plastic envelope at least partially enveloping said rigid body, characterized in that the rigid body comprises at least one mass of cellular concrete or mainly of cellular concrete. At least one plastic envelope may also fully enclose said rigid body. Unexpectedly, the block according to the invention has the advantage that a "low-pressure overmolding" can be used to coat the rigid body of cellular concrete or mostly cellular concrete with a plastic material. Unexpectedly, it was found that an overmolding pressure of between 30 and 200 bar was sufficient with the use of cellular concrete. Indeed, despite its mechanical strength, the usual overmolding technique must be adapted to the cellular concrete, which does not withstand a pressure of 400 bar usually used during overmolding and would be damaged by the use of such pressure.

An alternative solution, for example consisting of first forming a plastic shell in which the cellular concrete is inserted may also be considered. The high roughness of the cellular concrete and due to the presence of dust and cellular concrete powder on the surface of the cellular concrete parts, the adhesion of the plastic material to the rigid body may not be satisfactory and give the impression that the resulting building block rings hollow. When using the overmoulding, it was noted that it was possible to treat the cellular concrete with specific products to improve its adhesion with the plastic material of the plastic envelope. According to the solution of the invention, the rigid body is mainly of cellular concrete, coated, overmolded, dressed or otherwise wrapped with a thickness of plastic material which gives the final block its external shape with precise dimensions and its aesthetic and protective characteristics . The sharp angles and the flatness of the faces are thus obtained by coating, overmolding, wrapping or wrapping the cellular concrete with the plastic material. The latter makes it possible to obtain a satisfactory exterior rendering of finish and protection. Recessing structures may be provided on certain faces of the building blocks according to the invention, especially on the lower and upper faces, to allow easy, fast and reliable positioning and assembly. They can only be joined together with glue, applied with a simple applicator or a glue gun, which allows them to be easily and quickly set up even by non-professionals. In addition and particularly advantageously, the inner and outer faces of the building blocks can receive a coating, a decor or a treatment directly during the coating step, during the overmolding step or during the step of wrap, which gives them a remarkable aesthetic rendering and substantially improves their protection. Moreover, this considerably reduces the price per square meter of walls and walls due to their direct use. The fact that the wall is finished immediately after assembly and ease of realization, provide an interesting cost. The blocks of the invention being covered with a layer of plastic material, their service life is high and it is no longer necessary to coat the outer and inner faces of the walls and walls thus erected. It is therefore a lightweight building block, inexpensive and having good characteristics of strength and thermal insulation. It is easy to use and requires no maintenance. In addition, its visible faces are decorated during manufacture and any subsequent step of applying an aesthetic coating becomes superfluous. Waterproofed by at least one plastic envelope, the building blocks according to the invention are protected against external conditions and do not fear moisture. Consisting mainly of cellular concrete, the building blocks according to the invention are resistant and have virtually no thermal expansion. Thus, during the construction of walls or walls with the building blocks according to the invention, the phenomena of expansion and shrinkage of the walls are overcome by the action of the variations of the ambient temperature and consequently the deformation thereof, without the need to provide expansion joints. The invention also relates to a construction of the wall, partition or wall type comprising an assembly by bonding and / or embedding of building blocks according to the invention one after the other and / or on each other so that their upper and lower faces and / or their end side edges are in mutual contact, so that the two main faces of each block respectively form part of the inner and outer faces of the wall, wall or wall.

This assembly with other similar building blocks can be done by gluing and / or embedding in the manner of the bricks of a toy building such as that marketed under the trademark LEGO®. The building blocks of the invention can have the usual dimensions of building blocks of agglo type or other. They can also be of great height and / or width. For example, the building blocks according to the invention may have a height greater than 1 meter, for example a height of about 3 meters, to correspond to a wall height or other. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of non-limiting examples, in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view top of an embodiment of a building block according to the invention, formed of a rigid body consisting of several pieces of cellular concrete assembled and wrapped with a thickness of plastic material represented in transparency; FIG. 2 is a perspective view from below of the building block of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a dissociated view of a rigid body of a building block according to the invention, made up of several pieces of cellular concrete, some of whose square section pieces are offset upwards so as to form structures of mortise and tenon type recess; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a building block according to the invention, formed of the rigid body of FIG. 3 and wrapped with a thickness of plastic material represented in transparency; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a building block according to the invention, formed of a rigid body formed of two pieces of cellular concrete of different densities on the inner and outer faces, an intermediate piece, said body being wrapped with a thickness of plastic material represented in transparency; - Figure 6 is a perspective view from above of an embodiment of a building block according to the invention, inside which the rigid body is shown in transparency; Figure 7 is a bottom perspective view of the building block of Figure 6; - Figure 8 is a perspective view from below of an embodiment of a building block according to the invention in the form of a plastic shell in which a rigid body is inserted from below; FIG. 9 is a perspective view from below of an exemplary embodiment of a building block according to the invention in the form of a plastic shell divided into several housings in each of which a rigid body is inserted. from below; FIG. 10 is a perspective view from above of an exemplary embodiment of a building block according to the invention formed of a plastic shell having an insulating and rigidifying structure of the cellular structure type and two housings; Individuals in which a rigid body is inserted from above; FIG. 11 is a perspective view from above of the assembled building block corresponding to that dissociated from FIG. 10; FIG. 12 is a perspective view from above of an exemplary embodiment of a building block according to FIG. invention formed of a plastic shell having an insulating and stiffening structure and two individual housings in which a rigid body is inserted laterally and covered by a clipped lid; FIG. 13 is a perspective view from above of an assembled building block corresponding to the dissociated one of FIG. 12, and FIGS. 14 and 15 are enlarged views of details of the zones encircled in FIG. A cellular coated concrete construction, encased, overmolded, wrapped or otherwise lined with a plastics material according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15.

The building block 1 of the invention has an inner main face 2, an outer main face 3, an upper face 4, a lower face 5, and two end lateral edges 6, 7. This block 1 is preferably provided for the construction of a wall, a partition or a wall by bonding and / or embedding building blocks 1 one after the other and / or on each other so that their upper faces 4 and lower and / or their end lateral edges 6, 7 are in mutual contact, these upper 4 and lower 5 faces and these side edges 6, 7 being designated as "contact" faces 4, 5, 6 , 7, so that the two main faces 2, 3 of each building block 1 form the inner and outer faces of the wall, these faces being designated as inner and outer faces called "visible" 2, 3. The block of construction 1 has at least one rigid body 8 and has at least one plastic envelope 9 at least partially enveloping said rigid body 8, said rigid body 8 comprising at least one mass of cellular concrete or mainly of cellular concrete. By predominantly cellular concrete, it is to be understood that more than 50% by weight of the mass of the rigid body 8 is made of cellular concrete, this being preferably in the form of one or more blocks, these blocks being able to be assembled between them or with other solids. The principle of the invention consists in wrapping the rigid body 8 to form a plastic envelope 9 by any suitable method. This envelope 9 of plastic material is intended to give the building block 1 technical characteristics of cohesion, protection and strength at the same time as its finished appearance. The at least one envelope 9 of plastic material at least partially envelops said rigid body 8, preferably at least the larger faces of the rigid body 8 and / or the inner and outer faces called "visible" 2, 3. L at least one envelope 9 of plastics material may for example completely enclose the rigid body 8 or cover only the two main faces called "visible" 2 and 3. In some cases, the upper faces 4 and / or lower 5 of the block of construction 1 are not enveloped by the at least one plastic envelope 9 and can therefore be opened. The pieces of material forming the rigid body 8 can be introduced through these open faces. According to a variant of the invention in which the upper faces 4 and lower 5 of the building block 1 are not enveloped by the at least one envelope 9 of plastic and are therefore open, the rigid body 8 or at least a part of it may have a height slightly greater than that of the building block 1, for example of the order of 1 to 3 millimeters additional. Thus, the rigid body 8 or at least a part thereof is slightly protruded outside the building block 1 and when several building blocks 1 are assembled on one another they rest not on their envelope 9 plastic but on their rigid body 8 or at least a part of it. This allows the rigid body 8 or at least a portion thereof to resume the compression forces experienced by the building blocks 1 when they are assembled on each other. This also makes it possible to bond the building blocks 1 to one another by means of a suitable glue. Thus, according to a preferred variant of the invention, at least one piece of cellular concrete 15 projects slightly through the at least one plastic envelope 9 of each building block 1, which makes it possible to bond the blocks of construction 1 assembled on top of each other with cellular concrete glue. Since the cellular concrete blocks are particularly porous and the cellular concrete adhesive is particularly well suited to this type of material, the building blocks 1, once glued and assembled in this way, form a particularly strong and durable assembly. The building block 1 preferably has embedding structures 10 which constitute positioning and assembly means. These embedding structures 10 may be formed by the positioning of a part constituting the rigid body 8 with respect to another, by molding these parts with suitable shapes, by shaping these parts by removal of material, or by any other suitable means. The embedding structures 10 may also be shaped in the at least one envelope 9 made of plastic material and in one piece with it or may be manufactured separately and be fixed on the at least one envelope 9 made of plastic, for example by gluing, welding, clipping or any other suitable means. The embedding structures 10 may be in the form of pins 11 and mortises 12, preferably square because it allows assembling blocks perpendicular to each other. These embedding structures 10 may be in the form of projections 13 and grooves 14 of complementary shape which may extend partially or over the entire length of the faces concerned. The embedding structures 10 are located on opposite faces of each of the building blocks, on the faces intended to be in contact during the assembly of several building blocks 1, preferably on the so-called "contact" faces, namely on the top 4 and bottom 5 faces, and / or on the two end side edges 6, 7. For example, in Figures 3 and 4 there is shown a rigid body 8 consisting of several concrete parts cell 15 of which two pieces with square section 15 'are shifted upwards so as to form ten type mortise and mortise structures, while the set of median concrete concrete parts 15 "are shifted towards the edge lateral end 6 so as to form a projection 13 on the side of this side end edge 6 and form a groove 14 of complementary shape on the side of the side edge edge 7 opposite. so-called "contact" 4, 6, 7, the building block 1 may include one or more bonding areas (not shown) materialized by a suitable relief, for example a set of grooves or grooves. These bonding areas increase the bonding surface and accommodate any excess glue. The so-called "visible" inner and outer faces 2, 3 of the building block 1 may be decorated during manufacture, for example with a textured appearance to give them the appearance of stone, plaster, concrete, a ceramic or other, and they can also be tinted in the mass to give it a color. Any other surface treatment may be provided during manufacture or later, for example with a varnish, a primer or the like, so as to obtain any aesthetic rendering for the so-called "visible" inner and outer faces 2, 3 of the building block 1.

The rigid body 8 of cellular concrete or mainly of cellular concrete may be monolithic and composed of a single piece of cellular concrete 15. In this case, this piece of cellular concrete 15 may be homogeneous density identical or variable in volume. For example, a lower density can be used externally for better insulation and superior inwards for greater strength.

Thus, to obtain better insulation for the inner face 2 of the building block 1 and greater strength for its outer main face 3, the density of the cellular concrete part 15 of the rigid body 8 can be variable. Thus, this piece of cellular concrete 15 may have a variable and progressive density from its face forming the inner main face 2 to that forming the outer main face 3 of the building block 1. The cellular concrete part 15 may for example have a density greater towards its face forming the outer main face 3 and a lower density towards its face forming the inner main face 2.

The rigid body 8 can also be composite and formed by joining, aggregating, gluing, juxtaposing, clipping, welding or any other way of arranging or grouping together a plurality of pieces of cellular concrete or at least one piece in cellular concrete 15 and at least one complementary piece in another solid material 16, for example concrete, glass, plaster, metal, wood, chipboard, plastic, expanded polystyrene, rock wool or glass, or whatever. These pieces of cellular concrete or other solid material 16 may have various shapes, and they may be joined together by an adherent material, this adherent material may be that constituting the at least one envelope 9 of plastic. The at least one complementary piece in another material 16 that the cellular concrete may be a plastic part 17 with honeycomb structure.

In general, at least one of the pieces forming the rigid body 8 is a piece of cellular concrete 15, while the others may be parts in another solid material 16. The rigid body may comprise several assembled layers, for example of densities and / or of different natures.

In the case of a building block 1 formed of a composite body, the cellular concrete part or parts 15 situated on the rigid body 8 side forming the inner main face 2 preferably have a density lower than that of the part or parts. in cellular concrete 15 located on the side of the rigid body 8 forming the outer main face 3. In the case where the rigid body 8 is manufactured from several parts 15, 16, they can be joined together by the plastic material when overmoulding. Whether monolithic or composite, the rigid body 8 can be loaded with reinforcing materials such as fiberglass, mineral fibers or vegetable fibers, or comprise reinforcements, for example steel, glass or carbon. According to another variant, it is of course possible to secure the parts 15, 16 together by any suitable means, for example by gluing, screwing or interlocking, before the rigid body 8 is coated, overmoulded or wrapped with a material plastic.

According to a variant of the invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rigid body 8 of the building blocks 1 of the invention may contain cavities 18 passing through or not, that is to say ducts or through channels. , or hollow chambers open, closed or partially closed. In addition to their insulating role, if they are through, ducts can serve as passage for cables, ducts, pipes, conduits ducts and the like while avoiding bleeding. These cavities, ducts, channels or hollow chambers can for example be obtained in the rigid body 8 by performing a removal of material therein or, when the rigid body 8 is in several parts, leaving a free space between these last. At least one piece in another material 16 than the cellular concrete, for example at least one plastic part 17, can also be provided with empty spaces or hollow chambers 18 and be assembled with one or more pieces of aerated concrete 15 This assembly can be done by gluing, clipping, interlocking, or by any other suitable means. In a preferred case, it is a plastic part 17 with a honeycomb structure, as represented by way of example in FIGS. 10 to 13. This plastic part 17 with cellular structure can be interposed between at least two pieces of cellular concrete 15, the assembly being at least partially enveloped by at least one envelope 9 made of plastic material. The embedding structures 10 of the building block can be provided on the cellular plastic part 17.

Although this is less advantageous, it is also conceivable to assemble at least one piece of plastic 17 with cellular structure with a single piece of cellular concrete 15. According to a first variant, at least one piece in another solid material 16 may be assembled with the cellular concrete parts by gluing, welding, interlocking or any other way. The plastic material constituting the at least one plastic envelope 9 can also ensure cohesion between the parts forming the rigid body 8. Primarily for reasons of chemical compatibility between the materials, the plastic part 17 is preferably in the same material as that constituting the at least one plastic envelope 9, which allows to secure the plastic part 17 with the at least one plastic envelope 9 or to form them in one piece. It can of course be any other plastic material. According to a second variant, the part in another solid material 16, for example a plastic material, is provided with housings 20, 21, 22 in which the parts constituting the rigid body 8, in particular the parts of cellular concrete 15, can be introduced.

These housings 20, 21, 22 of the plastic part 17 preferably have at least one open face through which the parts constituting the rigid body 8 can be introduced. According to a variant shown in Figures 10 and 11, the housing 20, 21, 22 of the part in another solid material 16 may for example have an open face on the top and / or on the underside by which one or more component parts the rigid body 8, preferably cellular concrete parts 15, can be slid vertically. According to another variant shown in Figures 12 to 15, the housing 20, 21, 22 of the part in another solid material 16 may for example have open faces on the inner main face 2 and on the outer main face 3 against which one or more pieces constituting the rigid body 8, preferably pieces of cellular concrete 15, can be placed. These faces 2, 3 open can then be closed, for example by removable panels 23 provided to form the inner main faces 2 and outer 3 of the building block. These panels can be fixed by clipping, gluing, welding, screwing or any other suitable means. An example of clipping means for the outer panels is shown in Figures 14 and 15.

The fact that the internal main faces 2 and outer 3 are in the form of removable panels 23 is particularly advantageous in the case where the inner faces 2 and outer 3 of the building blocks 1 are provided to receive a coating, decor or treatment because it is then possible to use techniques, for example spraying, hot plating or other, for the application of this coating, decor or treatment, which would not have been possible with assembled and completed building blocks . According to a first embodiment, the at least one plastic envelope 9 is formed around the rigid body 8 by overmoulding or by any other method for coating, covering or otherwise at least partially filling the rigid body 8 of a thickness of plastic material. This wrapping, overmolding or wrapping operation gives the block its cohesion, its external shape with precise dimensions, a protection and an aesthetic rendering. By way of example, a completed building block 1 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in which the rigid body 8 wrapped with plastic is transparently represented by discontinuous lines. The at least one plastic envelope 9 is preferably formed around the rigid body 8 by low pressure overmoulding, namely at a pressure of between 30 and 200 bars, preferably about 100 bars. The fact that the pressure is lower is partially compensated by the fact that the cellular concrete parts have a high roughness that allows the molten plastic material to be introduced into the cells present on the surface to hold together the parts constituting the rigid body. 8 when it hardens on cooling.

Although the overmolding technique is preferred, the present invention includes all the techniques for applying and forming a continuous plastic casing 9 in contact or adhering with at least one surface of a rigid body 8 to form an encircling peripheral device for protection and decoration. According to a second embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the at least one envelope 9 of plastics material may be molded in the form of a shell 19 delimiting at least one hollow receiving volume into which a or several pieces constituting the rigid body 8, preferably parts of cellular concrete 15. This shell 19 may be in several parts which are then assembled, for example by clipping, welding, gluing or any other suitable technique. For example, in Figure 8 there is shown a shell 9 of plastic molded in the form of a shell 19 provided to receive the rigid body 8 in its hollow receiving volume by its open face from below. Still as an example, in FIG. 9 there is shown a casing 9 made of plastic molded in the form of a shell 19 divided into housings 20, 21, 22 partitioned by separations 24, 25, each housing 20, 21 , 22 being provided to receive at least one piece made of cellular concrete 15 or other solid material 16 by an open face. In these figures given by way of example only, the separations 24, 25 extend longitudinally, which makes it possible in particular to use cellular concrete parts 15 of different densities on the inside and outside faces 2 of the block of construction 1. It is of course possible to provide these separations in another orientation, for example transverse.

Similarly, while in these figures, the pieces of solid material 15, 16 are provided to be inserted by the underside of the building block 1, the skilled person can perfectly expect to insert them by any other 1. A closing piece (not shown) may be provided to close the building block 1, for example in a sealed manner, once the pieces of solid material 15, 16 have been inserted into the shell 19 This closure piece can for example be immobilized on the building block 1 by gluing, welding, clipping, or any other appropriate technique. As air is an excellent insulator, it is possible to leave at least one of the housings 20, 21, 22 partitioned. Thus, the at least one envelope 9 of plastics material may have at least one hollow internal compartment 26. For reasons of strength of the building block 1, the hollow internal compartment (s) 26 are preferentially located in middle part of the building blocks 1. Similarly, at least one hollow internal compartment 26 may comprise a stiffening structure 27 of the cellular structure type formed concomitantly with the at least one envelope 9 of plastic. We then approach the solution of using a cellular plastic part 17 to form a part of the rigid body 8. Such a building block 1 is shown in Figures 10 to 15. According to this variant, the embedding structures 10 of the building block 1 may be provided on the stiffening structure 27 of the honeycomb structure type. The shell 19 is preferably made by injection molding or extrusion. In this case, the embedding structures 10 of the building block, for example in the form of pins 11 and mortises 12, can be molded together with the remainder of the at least one envelope 9 made of plastic or subsequently fixed. on the building block 1. According to a third embodiment not shown in the figures, the building block 1 may consist of at least one piece of cellular concrete 15 and at least one piece in another solid material 16 which are assembled, for example by clipping, by welding, by gluing or by any other appropriate technique so as to form a rigid body 8. This rigid body 8 is covered on at least its larger faces and / or its inner faces and external said "visible" 2, 3 by a plastic layer bonded by means of a suitable glue or by welding. This embodiment is particularized with respect to the two previous ones, in that it does not use any overmolding, nor any shell, the envelope 9 of plastic material being simply glued or welded on one or more faces of the rigid body 8. In the case where the envelope 9 of plastic is only glued or welded to the so-called "visible" inner and outer faces 2, 3 of the rigid body 8, the building block 1 has a so-called "sandwich" structure. According to this embodiment, the envelope 9 of plastics material can be obtained by the calendering technique, or can be extruded or otherwise molded into the form of at least one film, at least one plate or at least one another plastic layer which is then attached to the rigid body 8 by gluing, welding, or other. It will generally be noted that the so-called "visible" inner and outer faces 2, 3 of the rigid body 8 must be covered with plastic when they are made of cellular concrete, but that in the other cases, this is not mandatory. . The other faces being intended to be in contact, it is not necessarily necessary that they be covered with plastic. On the contrary, as mentioned above, the presence of cellular concrete on these faces provides a porosity that can be advantageously used to secure the building blocks 1 together with a suitable glue. As mentioned above, the at least one envelope 9 of plastic material may be formed around the rigid body 8 by low pressure overmoulding. It can also be extruded or otherwise molded in the form of a shell 19 defining at least one hollow receiving volume in which is then inserted at least one part constituting the rigid body 8. It can also be obtained by calendering or by molding under the shape of plates.

Since the cellular concrete blocks can be manufactured with large dimensions, it is possible to design building blocks 1 of great height and / or width, preferably with a height greater than 1 meter, for example about 3 meters high, which corresponds to a wall height.

The technique of overmolding, although possible, is not advantageous for large building blocks 1 because this would require molds particularly expensive because of their size. The advantage of an extrusion molding is that it makes it possible to produce hulls 19 of great length, which allows, for example, similarly, calendering makes it possible to obtain films, plates or other layers of plastic material of great size. length, which also allows to design large building blocks 1. The use of large building blocks 1 is particularly interesting because it allows to quickly and easily build the walls of a house or other, which is a significant economic gain. The calendering and extrusion molding techniques also allow continuous manufacture of the building blocks 1, which can then advantageously be cut to the desired lengths. The plastic material used for the at least one envelope 9 may be a thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyamide, PVC or ABS, or a thermosetting resin, for example polyester.

It can obviously be composed of an alloy of several different plastics or one or more plastics with other components. These plastics may comprise a mineral or vegetable filler, for example glass fiber, hemp, or potassium carbonate.

In general, the male recess structures 10, for example of the tenon type, can be manufactured separately and then be fixed on the building block 1, for example on the envelope 9 made of plastic material after molding thereof. This fixing can be done by gluing, welding, clipping or any other suitable means.

In general, the rigid body 8 and its constituent parts may be treated with a product intended to improve its adhesion with the plastic material constituting the plastic envelope 9, whether it is formed by low-pressure overmoulding or under the form of a shell 19 formed by molding. This treatment can for example be done by soaking the constituent parts of the rigid body 8 in a bath of the product, by spraying the product, by mechanical application of the product, or by any other suitable technique.

The product intended to improve the adhesion of the rigid body 8 with the plastic material constituting the envelope 9 may for example be a cement, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin mono or two-component or any other suitable product and compatible with the nature of the plastic material constituting the at least one envelope 9. When the overmolding technique is used, this product may for example be activated by the temperature of the plastic material constituting the at least one envelope 9. The parts 15, 16 forming the rigid body 8 can also be joined together by an adherent material, which may be the same as the product with which the rigid body 8 and its constituent parts can be treated to improve its adhesion with the plastic material constituting the envelope 9 made of plastic.

When the envelope 9 of plastic material is formed by low-pressure overmoulding, the adherent material may be that constituting the at least one envelope 9 of plastics material. Obviously, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above and shown in the various figures, the skilled person can make many modifications and imagine other variants without departing from the scope and of the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (16)

REVENDICATIONS1. Building block (1), having an inner main face (2), an outer main face (3), an upper face (4), a lower face (5), and two end side edges (6, 7) , characterized in that it comprises at least one rigid body (8) and at least one envelope (9) of plastic material at least partially enveloping said rigid body (8), said rigid body (8) comprising at least one mass of cellular concrete or mostly cellular concrete. 2. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the envelope (9) of plastic material is formed by low pressure overmoulding, namely at a pressure between 30 and 200 bar. 3. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the envelope (9) of plastic material is in the form of a shell (19) formed by injection molding or extrusion, in which is then inserted the rigid body (8). 4. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the envelope (9) made of plastic material is obtained by the calendering technique or by extrusion in the form of at least one film, at least a plate or at least one other plastic layer which is then attached to the rigid body (8). 5. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid body (8) comprises at least one piece of cellular concrete (15) and at least one piece in another solid material (16) which are assembled , and in that the rigid body (8) is covered on at least its larger faces and / or its inner and outer faces called "visible" (2, 3) by a plastic layer bonded by means of a suitable glue or welding. 6. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rigid body (8) of cellular concrete is monolithic. 7. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rigid body (8) is composite and formed by the meeting, aggregation, gluing, juxtaposition, clipping, welding or otherwise arranging or grouping together a plurality of cellular concrete pieces (15) or at least one cellular concrete part (15) and at least one complementary piece (16) made of another solid material. 8. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the complementary piece (16) is a plastic part (17) with honeycomb structure. 9. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rigid body (8) has a variable and progressive density from its face forming the inner main face (2) to that forming the outer main face (3). 10. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rigid body (8) has a higher density towards its face forming the outer main face (3) and a lower density towards its face forming the inner main face (2). 11. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the parts forming the rigid body (8) are joined together by an adherent material. 12. Building block (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the shell (19) is partitioned into housings (20, 21, 22) partitioned by separations (23, 24) and in that each housing (20 , 21, 22) is provided to receive at least one piece made of cellular concrete (15) or other solid material (16). 13. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said at least one envelope (9) of plastic material has at least one hollow internal compartment (25), which comprises a structure of stiffening (27) of the kind alveolar structure formed concomitantly with said at least one casing (9). 14. Building block (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that it has embedding structures (10) which constitute positioning and assembly means and in that said embedding structures (10) are provided on the stiffening structure (27) of the alveolar structure type. 15. Building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has embedding structures (10) which constitute positioning and assembly means and in that said structures of recess (10) are provided on the rigid body (8). 16. Construction of the kind wall, wall or wall comprising an assembly by gluing and / or embedding building blocks (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, one after the other and / or some on the others so that their upper (4) and lower (5) faces and / or their lateral end edges (6, 7) are in mutual contact, so that the two inner and outer main faces (2, 3) of each building block (1) respectively form part of the inner and outer faces of the wall, wall or wall.