EP2633133A1

EP2633133A1 - Interlocking building block formed from an assembly of sections made of solid material that are joined together and encapsulated in an overmoulded plastic

Info

Publication number: EP2633133A1
Application number: EP11781649.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Eddy Pennerath
Original assignee: Rehau SAS
Current assignee: Rehau SAS
Priority date: 2010-10-27
Filing date: 2011-10-25
Publication date: 2013-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-25
Also published as: FR2966852B1; FR2966852A1; EP2633133B1; WO2012056394A1; ES2532109T3

Abstract

The blocks (1) are manufactured from calibrated sections of solid material, all having for example the same length. These sections are positioned against one another so as to form a block (1). Some sections are upwardly offset so as to produce mortises and tenons that form projecting structures (16) for interlocking on at least one of the contact faces (6) of the blocks and one or more complementary receiving cavities (17) provided on the opposed contact faces (6) thereof, which constitute means for positioning and assembling the final block. The assembly of sections is placed in an injection mould and overmoulded with a layer of plastic. This overmoulding operation gives the block cohesion and an external shape with precise dimensions. The invention is of interest to manufacturers, vendors, installers and users of construction components for the building industry.

Description

Built-in building block, consisting of a set of sections of solid material joined together and coated with overmolded plastic material. The present invention relates to a building block of solid material overmolded by a plastic material. It is intended for use in the building industry. More particularly, the invention relates to a building block formed of calibrated solid material sections, for example of wood, and interconnected by overmoulding by means of a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin.

It is intended for the realization of buildings in the field of building by embedding and gluing of several building blocks. It allows for walls, houses, various shelters, garages, any buildings or any other type of construction.

Nowadays, especially in the construction of residential houses, we want to use more and more wood, because it is a thermally insulating material, resistant, economical, lighter than stone, ecological , recyclable and healthy, which is perfectly suited to the trend of sustainable development.

However, constructions made entirely of wood are uncommon because they require specialized craftsmen and architects, they are delicate to achieve, have a high cost and require a subsequent maintenance constraining. All these disadvantages are that they are reserved for a limited market and are not intended for the general public.

In addition, it is generally necessary to treat them in order, for example, to fireproof them, to waterproof them and to protect them against aging, rotting, discolouration with ultraviolet radiation, wood pests, termites, fungi, and others. . These treatments are expensive, dangerous for the environment and often incompatible with subsequent recycling of the wood used.

In the field of building, we frequently use wood-based elements made, for example, from agglomerated wood particles bound in a synthetic resin or pressed, or by gluing superposed layers of wood or wood fibers.

These elements are generally in the form of panels and are intended for interior construction, including the production of partitions or interior woodwork. Because of their low mechanical strength, their fragility to shocks and moisture, they are poorly suited to the realization of external load-bearing walls.

Also known are building blocks made by molding from bonded wood particles in a synthetic resin, which are intended to be assembled by embedding.

Sensitive to shocks and humidity, these blocks are weak and tend to deteriorate easily, which is not compatible with a construction exposed to weather conditions and bad weather, and that we wish to see many years.

In addition, once assembled these building blocks of agglomerated wood particles must generally be painted or plastered, at least on their outer face, to provide a satisfactory rendering for the facade, which represents an additional cost in achieving constructions made from these blocks.

Therefore, the use of these building blocks has many disadvantages inherent blocks used which have not yet allowed their commercial development.

The exterior walls of the present constructions are traditionally made by stacking construction elements of bricks, blocks, blocks of concrete, blocks of stone or other similar elements, which are linked together by the application of a layer of cement or of mortar.

These walls, usually mounted by professionals, do not meet the requirements of sustainable development, are not very efficient from the point of view of thermal insulation and necessarily require the subsequent application of an aesthetic coating on their visible faces to obtain a rendering satisfactory aesthetics.

The object of the invention is to propose an alternative to these traditional building elements by providing a block of construction mainly of wood or similar solid material, intended to be assembled by embedding with other building blocks similar to the bricks of a construction toy such as that marketed under the trademark LEGO ^® , and which does not not the defects of existing building blocks.

To solve this technical problem, the innovation consists in combining the characteristics of the wood and the advantages of the injection of plastic material to make blocks intended for the realization of insulating walls in the field of construction including dwellings. The blocks of the invention are made from calibrated solid material sections, preferably of sawn timber, all preferably having the same length. These sections are positioned next to each other so as to form a block. Some sections, for example sections located in the central part, are shifted upwards to make tenons and mortises forming embedding structures that constitute positioning and assembly means for the final block. All the sections are placed in an injection mold and overmolded with a thermoplastic material or a thermosetting resin. This overmoulding operation gives the block its cohesion and its external shape to precise dimensions.

It is recalled that overmolding, or insert molding, is a technique which consists in placing a preformed part in a mold and injecting one or more plastics around said part and in the recesses thereof.

The sharp angles and the flatness of the faces obtained by overmoulding make it possible to obtain a satisfactory rendering. The tenons and mortises obtained allow a positioning and assembly easy, fast and reliable. Their joining requires only glue, without special technical equipment except for a simple glue gun, which allows them to be easily set up even by non-professionals.

In addition and particularly advantageously, the inner and outer faces of the building blocks can receive a coating, a decor or a treatment directly during the overmoulding step, which gives them a chosen final rendering, and reduces considerably the price per square meter of construction due to their direct use.

The fact that the wall is finished after assembly and the ease of production provide a competitive cost.

Voids or hollow cells may be provided between the sections of solid material of the same building block, which further increases the insulating power of the blocks of the invention, and advantageously allows the passage of pipes, tubes, pipes, cables and the like while avoiding bleeding.

The blocks of the invention being entirely covered with a plastic layer, their durability is high and it is not necessarily necessary to carry out the usual protective treatments of the wood. Preferably made up of more than 90% raw sawn timber, it is therefore an inexpensive, environmentally friendly product that is easy to recycle and has good thermal insulation performance. It is easy to use and requires no maintenance. In addition, its visible faces are decorated during manufacture and any subsequent step of applying an aesthetic coating becomes superfluous.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to a first embodiment of the invention consisting of a solid block;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view from below of the block of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to a second embodiment of the invention consisting of a block having hollow cells;

Figure 4 is a bottom perspective view of the building block of Figure 3;

FIGS. 5 to 7 are perspective views illustrating the manufacture of a building block according to the first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to the invention which has bonding zones. striated on its faces intended to be in contact with another block;

Figure 9 is a partial vertical sectional view of the building block of Figure 8;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail view of the circled area in Fig. 9;

Figures 1 1 to 13 are perspective views illustrating the manufacture of a building block according to the second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 14 is a perspective view from above of a building block according to the second embodiment of the invention, illustrating examples of application of the cells;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of the building block of FIG.

14;

Figures 16 to 19 are perspective views illustrating various examples of connecting ribs that can be used to consolidate the cells of a building block according to the second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 20 is a perspective view from above of an example of a section of wood for a building block according to the invention, which has grooves on its faces intended to be in contact with another section of wood;

Figure 21 is a perspective view from above illustrating the juxtaposition of several sections of wood according to Figure 20 and the formation of channels for the plastic overmolding between two grooves placed vis-à-vis;

Figure 22 is a perspective view from above illustrating the mounting of a wall portion from building blocks according to the invention by embedding and gluing on specially adapted joists;

Fig. 23 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the mounting of an angle of a 90 degree wall portion and using two specific right angle blocks;

Figure 24 is a perspective view from above of the wall portion obtained by means of the blocks shown in Figure 23; FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the assembly a wall portion having a junction with an inner wall portion and using a specific T-shaped block;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view from above of the wall portion obtained by means of the blocks shown in FIG. 25; FIG. 27 is a perspective view from above of a building block having a protruding extension and a complementary groove on its visible faces which conceal the joining portion between embedded blocks; and

Fig. 28 is an enlarged detail view of the circled area in Fig. 27.

The molded solid building block according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 28. The equivalent elements shown in the different figures will bear the same numerical references.

In general, a construction element or block 1 of construction according to the invention is of generally parallelepipedal shape, and has two main faces 2 inner and outer, an upper face 3, a lower face 4, and two sides or side edges d end 5.

When building a wall, a partition or a wall, the blocks 1 are placed and embedded one after the other and on each other so that their upper faces 3 and lower 4 are in mutual contact, as their end faces 5. In the remainder of this description, we will refer to these faces as faces called "contact" 6, because intended to be in contact with the contact faces 6 corresponding from a neighboring block.

Conversely, the two main faces 2 of each block 1 are generally not intended to be in contact with another block and form the inner and outer faces of the walls made using the building blocks 1 according to the invention. . Being able to present a treatment or a particular decorative aspect, in the remainder of this description, we will refer to these main faces as inner and outer faces called "visible" 7, because intended to be visible respectively inside or outside. outside the building.

The building block 1 according to the invention contains several sections 8 of solid material, preferably all having a substantially identical length. Within the block 1, these sections 8 are placed close to each other and are preferably in substantially upright erect arrangement as is for example shown in Figures 5, 6, 1 1 and 12. These sections 8 represent the vast majority of the material constituting the building block 1.

This arrangement of the sections 8 preferably corresponds to the direction of the wood fibers so as to increase the overall strength of the resulting building block 1.

The sections of solid material 8 are preferably of substantially parallelepiped shape. We could consider using sections of wood section of different shape, including triangular, round or other. This is not advantageous, however, as this may complicate the manufacture of the sections or the subsequent overmolding step.

For reasons of cost, it is preferred to use for these sections 8 pieces of solid material of small size rather than large monobloc pieces. Thus, it is possible to cut the sections of solid material in scraps of wood or in inexpensive pieces of tree. In addition, it limits the risk of deformation, bending or appearance of cracks that are more common with large wood parts that are more likely to deform after cutting.

However, the sections 8 of solid material are preferably chosen in reasonable dimensions, so as not to multiply their number and complicate the overmoulding phase.

In general, the peripheral layers 9 located at the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 are preferably made of two or three sections of wood in the form of plates 10 placed in the extension of one another, in order to avoid use too large pieces of wood.

Between these plates 10 are arranged sections 8 of smaller size and for example in the form of upright amounts January 1 which constitute by juxtaposition one or more central layers 12.

The sections 8 are calibrated inserts of solid material, preferentially made from real wood, that is to say it It is a piece of solid wood, solid and homogeneous, even reconstituted wood.

The nature of the wood used for the sections 8 will depend on the desired weight and strength characteristics for the blocks 1, as well as its availability, renewal rate and cost. Resistant, lightweight, inexpensive and fast growing, pine is for example a preferred material for sections 8 of wood.

However, and without departing from the inventive concept defined by the claims, some or all of these sections 8 can be made from another material or another material and in particular from compacted waste, material from recycling, of ecological waste, pieces of wood agglomerated, laminated, reconstituted, butted, plywood, laminated or otherwise, or of any other material whose mechanical and thermal properties are satisfactory and which remains compatible with the overmolding allowing to bind by the the different sections 8 between them and form the building block 1. Of course, these materials or materials will be shaped and calibrated prior to the overmoulding operation so as to constitute equivalents of calibrated wood inserts.

In the remainder of this description, sections 8 of wood will be understood to mean sections 8 of solid material composed of wood alone, one of the aforementioned materials, or a combination thereof.

In order to avoid possible problems of deformation, bending or cracking, the wood used for the sections is pre-dried, generally by steaming, before overmolding.

In order to promote the cohesion between the sections of wood by the plastic material and the adhesion of the overmoulding, the solid material used for the sections 8 may be treated with a product promoting its adhesion with the plastic material used for overmolding. The wood can thus be, for example, impregnated with a vinyl-ethylene-acrylate resin preferably diluted to 40% water.

Designed to be fully wrapped with plastic that protects them from moisture and the external environment, the wooden stumps do not normally require additional treatment. However for maximum safety, these sections can receive one or more conventional wood treatments for example against aging, decay, fire, wood pests, termites and other xylophagous insects, fungi or other.

According to the invention, the building block 1 also comprises a layer of plastics material 13 which surrounds the block 1 and covers it externally on each of its faces, for example in the manner of a skin and which, in addition, is inserted between the sections 8 so as to bind to each other and to provide a cohesion and a shape external to the building block 1.

The thickness of the plastic layer 13 must be sufficient to ensure the cohesion of the sections 8 and provide adequate resistance to the intended use for the building blocks 1. It remains, however, preferentially weak, the building blocks being predominantly composed of wood (preferably more than 90%). This thickness is preferably between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably substantially equal to 1.5 millimeters outside the block 1 and is even smaller between the sections 8.

The plastic material used for this layer 13 may be a thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene, polyester, PVC or ABS, or a thermosetting resin, for example polyurethane. It can obviously be composed of a mixture of several different plastics or one or more plastics with other components. Injection molding may optionally be replaced by a gravity molding process or by a reaction molding process using two chemical compounds which react with one another as in the case of polyurethane.

For reasons of durability and safety, the plastics material thus preferably comprises one or more additives which increase, for example, its resistance to fire, ultraviolet radiation, shocks and scratches.

The plastic layer 13 is advantageously formed by overmolding plastic material around and between the sections 8. For this, the sections 8 are placed in an injection mold and are held in a position corresponding to that they must occupy within the building block 1. A slight spacing is provided between the different sections 8 and the walls of the mold, and between the sections themselves so as to provide a free space for the passage of the plastic material.

Just before this overmolding step, the wood sections can be pre-positioned on a template and placed in the injection mold by a robot.

After closing the mold, the molten plastic material is injected into the mold and spreads around and between the sections 8. It thus forms after cooling the layer of plastic material 13.

This overmoulding operation gives the block its cohesion and its external shape to precise dimensions. It allows to bind and thus to secure the sections 8 between them by a phenomenon of adhesion between the sections and the plastic material. When these sections 8 are made of wood, this adhesion is advantageously completed by a mechanical anchoring of the plastic material which penetrates into the asperities and natural reliefs of the wood forming the sections 8.

According to a preferred variant of the invention shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, to improve the cohesion between the sections 8 of the same block 1, grooves 14 or other similar hollow structures may be provided on the edges of the sections 8 provided for be arranged vis-à-vis another section 8 adjacent. These grooves 14 facilitate the flow of hot plastic material in the overmolding mold and its rise between the sections 8 which are usually at room temperature.

When the different sections 8 are juxtaposed to form the building block 1, the grooves 14 of two adjacent sections may advantageously be placed facing each other and thus form a larger channel 15 as shown in FIG.

To achieve a construction, the building block 1 according to the invention is implemented by superposition and positioned against other similar building blocks then secured to them by gluing and embedding.

For this purpose, it comprises one or more recessed protruding structures 16 at the level of at least one of its contact faces 6 and one or more complementary receiving cavities 17 formed in its opposite contact face (s) 6.

When the building blocks 1 are placed one after the other and on each other, the projecting mounting structures 16 of the blocks 1 engage the corresponding complementary receiving cavities 17 of the adjacent blocks and cooperate with those to form complementary positioning and immobilization means for embedding the building blocks 1 in the manner of bricks of a building set.

These projecting protruding structures 16 may be made of molded plastic. They are more preferably obtained by an offset of one or more of the sections 8 of the block 1 beyond the contact face 6 concerned, thus simultaneously creating the appearance of a complementary receiving cavity 17 in the contact face 6 opposite.

For example, within a set of sections 8 provided to form a building block 1, some sections 8 may be shifted upwards, at the upper contact face 3. Thus shifted upwards, the part the upper part of each of these sections forms a recessing structure 16 of tenon type protruding with respect to the upper contact face 3 of the block 1, while the lower part of each of these sections forms a complementary receiving cavity 17 of type mortise recessed with respect to the lower contact face 4 of the block 1.

Being preferably obtained from sections of wood of substantially parallelepiped shape, these tenons and mortises preferably have a substantially square or rectangular section. They ensure easy positioning of the blocks on each other. These tenons and mortises are preferably centered on the longitudinal axis of the block, so that when a block is embedded on another in the same direction, their inner and outer visible faces are respectively in the same plane, whatever the orientation of building block 1.

The location of these recessed protruding structures 16 and complementary receiving cavities 17 is preferably chosen so that the building blocks 1 can be recessed onto each other in an overlapping manner for obvious reasons of the strength of the wall obtained. from these blocks.

In order to facilitate the longitudinal positioning of the building blocks 1 next to one another, one or more recess protruding structures 16 may also be provided on one of the lateral end edges 5, as well as one or more receiving cavities. complementary 17 on the side edge 5 opposite end.

As before, these recessed protruding structures 16 and complementary receiving cavities 17 are preferably obtained by an offset, this time lateral, of the sections 8 belonging to the or one of the central layers 12 of the building block 1.

Each building block 1 thus has a protrusion on one of its end side edges 5 and a corresponding recess on its other opposite end side edge 5. Thus, during the construction of a wall, the projection of a block is provided to enter the corresponding housing of the block which is placed in its continuation in longitudinal extension. When assembling blocks according to the invention to form a wall, these projections and housings provide easy centering and positioning of the blocks one after the other.

In the case where the blocks have different inner and outer faces 7, the corresponding projections and recesses of the lateral end edges 5 can also fulfill a role of polarizing, so that when a first block is positioned according to the orientation desired for its visible faces 7, the blocks mounted thereupon on the same level are also positioned in the desired orientation for their visible faces 7.

In addition to this embedding, the connection between the different blocks 1 of a construction is preferably provided by gluing, which also allows to fill any existing gaps between the blocks 1 once they are assembled. One or more beads of glue is or are thus preferably applied between the faces 6 in contact with the different building blocks 1, namely on the top 3 and bottom 4 faces, and the side edges of the end 5 blocks of construction 1. These adhesive beads placed between the contact faces 6 of the blocks but not on the visible faces 7 thereof, ensure the strength but also the tightness of the wall forming a seal preventing moisture from entering between the blocks and ensuring an absence of thermal bridge.

For this purpose, an adhesive is used which is adapted to the nature of the plastic material constituting the plastic layer 13 and for example a two-component polyurethane adhesive or a polyurethane glue which cross-links to ambient humidity, epoxy adhesives or any similar adhesive. These glues can be rigid or on the contrary maintain a certain flexibility to allow the wall to work without constraints.

To improve this bonding, the block 1 according to the invention may advantageously comprise on its contact faces 6 one or more bonding areas 18 materialized by a suitable relief, for example a set of grooves or grooves. These bonding areas 18 increase the bonding surface and accommodate any excess glue. An example of such bonding areas 18 has been shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, as well as 8 to 10.

According to a great advantage of the invention, the building blocks 1 may comprise specific coatings on their visible faces 7, deposited directly during the overmoulding or just after it. The visible faces 7 thus have a finished aesthetic appearance from the manufacture of the block 1 and the walls constructed from these blocks can remain as they are.

A different specific coating may be provided on each of the outer and inner visible faces 7 of the block 1, so as to form, for example, a decorated and aesthetic face for the visible face intended to be placed inside the building and a reinforced face and treated against external aggression for the visible face intended to be found outside the building.

It is possible to inject in the same mold two different plastics, one for the outer face, the other for the inner face. It is thus possible to easily obtain different shades and choose the materials best suited to the constraints.

For a question of price it is also possible to use a recycled plastic material or low cost for the internal walls and a stained and weatherproof noble material for visible surfaces.

The final color of the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 can be obtained by a shade of the desired color directly in the mass of the plastic material. A particular decoration or rendering, for example in relief, can be obtained by means of a relief or patterns present on the walls of the mold or by a coating placed in the mold or applied, or projected on the visible faces 7 of the blocks 1 at their exit from the mold. For example, it is possible to obtain an appearance of grains, wood ribs, rock, smooth, rough or other, for example an appearance of wood, carved stone, brick or plaster.

Any type of coating may be envisaged for the visible faces 7 of the blocks, for example of the painting, film, strip, natural stone granules, sand, powder, pigments, synthetic particles, etc. type. All kinds of aesthetic effects, traditional or modern, can thus be obtained cheaply directly on the building blocks 1 according to the invention. This advantageously allows, and at a lower cost, to offer various final renderings, or even to create building blocks with a personalized rendering according to the wishes of the user.

Although it is superfluous, it is of course possible to coat the walls later, by traditional means according to the wishes of the user.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5 to 7, the building blocks 1 of the invention can be solid blocks. Compact and solid these building blocks are satisfactory and offer a thermally insulating power equal to that of wood surrounded by plastic.

According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 11 to 13, the building blocks 1 of the invention may be blocks containing cells 19, that is to say hollow areas through. Larger and just as solid as the previous ones, these building blocks are satisfactory and offer superior thermal insulating power due to the air layer associated with wood and plastic.

Its remaining weight adapted to its handling, the building block 1 according to the invention must not have too large dimensions. For reasons of thermal insulation, strength and speed of assembly of the walls obtained from blocks 1 according to the invention, it must not be too small either.

In its solid embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the building block 1 according to the invention has, for example, substantially the following dimensions: 60 centimeters in length, 30 centimeters in height and 20 centimeters in thickness.

In its hollow embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, or in a broad thick variant of the block for a reinforced thermal insulating power, the building block 1 according to the invention has, for example, the following substantially dimensions: 60 centimeters in length , 30 centimeters in height and 30 centimeters thick.

Blocks of construction whose length is twice the thickness are preferred, which makes it possible, when the tenons and mortises are correctly centered, to immobilize, by embedding, building blocks 1 one above the other. longitudinal or right angle alignment (not shown).

According to the second preferred embodiment of the invention, the building blocks 1 have recesses or cells 19. These cells 19 are through hollow zones which improve the thermal insulation properties of the block 1.

In order to improve the rigidity of the block and the cohesion of the sections 8 arranged around the cells 19, connecting struts 20 are preferably provided inside the cells 19. These struts 20 may be formed of additional sections of wood or may be more advantageously be made of plastic directly during the overmolding step, for example in the form of ribs shaped in the same material as that used for the plastic layer 13. Several Examples of such connecting struts 20 are shown in Figures 14-19.

The building blocks 1 having cells 19 are preferably provided so that the cells 19 of the various building blocks 1 communicate vertically with each other when the blocks 1 are superimposed on each other and this despite the shift of the blocks when they are recessed overlapping.

In addition to their insulation function, the cells 19 may also, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, be used for the vertical and horizontal passage of pipes 21, tubes, ducts, ducts, cables 22 or the like, by example forming part of the electrical installation of the building or intended for the circulation of sanitary water or heat transfer fluid for a heating or air conditioning network. Advantageously, these pipes 21, tubes, ducts, ducts, cables 22 or the like placed in the cells 19 can mount in the walls while remaining invisible and without the need to bleed (s) in the wall.

For the entry and exit of these pipes, cables or other through the peripheral walls of the building blocks 1 of the invention, it suffices to drill openings that communicate with the cells 19. These openings can easily be equipped with outlets , switches or other electrical or non-electrical devices.

For installers, it is thus easy and quick to set up an electrical network or fluid circulation, whether at the construction of the building or subsequently under renovation. Similarly, it is easy to mount sockets, switches or other on the visible faces of the building blocks 1 of the invention while connecting them to the electrical wiring present in the cells 19.

In order to allow a longitudinal passage of pipes, cables or others inside the same building block 1 or a building block 1 to the adjacent building block, through openings 23 may be formed in the side edges of end 5 of the block 1, as well as in the sections 8 and the connecting struts 20 facing each other in the longitudinal extension of the openings of the walls so as to constitute one or more continuous and through longitudinal passages inside. of the block. These through openings 23 may be made during a drilling operation subsequent to overmoulding of the block 1 for example by means of a tool long enough to perform in a single drilling step all the successive openings of the same longitudinal passage.

It is also possible to form the through-openings 23 of the connecting struts 20 directly by molding at the bottom and / or in the upper part thereof as shown in FIGS. 17 to 19.

Similarly, the sections 8 situated at the longitudinal through passage may be provided shorter so as to leave this free passage by a simple positioning of the sections adapted during the overmolding operation, thereby avoiding the subsequent operation of drilling.

Such through longitudinal passages may be provided systematically in all building blocks 1 or preferentially only in specific blocks specifically provided for this purpose.

The use of building blocks 1 according to the invention by embedding and gluing for the assembly of walls and the construction of buildings is simple and within the reach of all.

For this, the base of each wall may be formed from one or more joists 24 having recessing structures 16 or pins similar to those of the blocks 1, as shown in Figures 22 to 26.

These joists 24 serve as initial reference for the subsequent positioning of the building blocks 1 and are therefore made according to precise dimensions. They are preferably manufactured by overmoulding a wood insert or by another method and / or with another material.

In the case of an overmoulding of a wood insert, it can be smooth. The direction of the wood fibers is parallel to the length of the joist. The wood is completely covered with plastic material. The tenons are made by molding. These tenons are not massive but consist only of a rib having the outer form of the tenon.

Each joist can be made in several parts recessed by means of a dovetail-type mechanical connection 25. Thus, recesses provided at the ends of the joists 24 allow them to be interconnected while maintaining a precise spacing between the tenons, including at the angles . As shown in FIGS. 22 to 26, specific joists may be provided depending on whether they are used for a straight, right-angle or T-section.

During their installation, the joists 24 are preferably aligned by means of a laser beam, in order to give a perfectly straight reference for the building blocks 1 and therefore the walls that will be mounted thereafter on these joists 24. The joists 24 are preferably glued on a slab or on foundations with cement or a suitable glue.

For the realization of the angles, it is possible to use two specific blocks of wedge-shaped construction, such as 26 and 27, having the same height and the same width as the others, but one, 26, with two lengths in length. right angle equal to those of the other basic blocks 1, and the other, 27, with two right-angle lengths equal to half of those of the other basic blocks 1, as shown in Figures 23 and 24.

For example, for basic blocks 1 of 60 centimeters in length, the specific wedge-shaped building blocks 26 and 27 will have one of two lengths at a right angle of 60 centimeters and the other two lengths of angle. right of 30 centimeters.

For the realization of the T-junctions, for example with the interior walls, it is possible to use a specific T-shaped building block 28, having the same height, length and width as the other basic blocks but with an extension. transverse central 29 with a length equal to half the length of the basic blocks 1, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26. On such a specific T-shaped building block 28, the upper row is then made of blocks 1 basic.

Obviously, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above and represented in the various figures, the person skilled in the art being able to bring many modifications and imagine other variants without departing from the scope or scope of the invention defined by the claims.

For example, although we have only represented building blocks 1 rectilinear or at right angles we can consider curvilinear building blocks or circular arc designed according to the same inventive idea and forming part of the invention.

Similarly, although the edges of building blocks 1 according to the invention are preferentially at right angles, it is conceivable to realize them rounded for aesthetic or technical reasons.

According to a variant not shown, one can also provide tenons 16 with a circular or polygonal section, so as to be able to embed blocks on each other at a variable angle.

Indeed, overmoulding by a plastic material allows great freedom of drawings and shapes with great variations, without incurring additional cost. One can for example consider special building blocks incorporating specific elements in relief or recessed on their visible faces, such as building blocks with shelf segments, storage niches, storage hooks for tools, garden articles or bicycles, climbing holds, electric sockets or switches, coat racks, etc.

Similarly, the dimensions are given only by way of example and should not be interpreted in a limiting manner. Thus, for interior partitions, we can consider building blocks thinner, just as it is possible to consider building blocks wider, higher and / or longer, especially in the case where a very light wood is used for sections 8.

Finally, the visible faces 7 of the building blocks 1 of the invention may have on some of their edges a protruding extension 30 in the same plane or nose, preferably at their upper edge and one of their lateral edges. , and a complementary groove 31 on their opposite edges, preferably at their lower edge and their other lateral edge (see Figure 27).

When such building blocks are embedded one on the other and following one another longitudinally, the projecting extensions 30 of the visible faces 7 of these blocks 1 engage in the complementary grooves 31 of the adjacent blocks 1. They thus mask the joining part between the stacked blocks 1 and the seal formed by the adhesive cords used for this junction and provide a clean and clean finish. They can also be used to reinforce the insulation and the watertightness of the walls in the event of gluing failure.

These extensions 30 and complementary grooves 31 have for example a thickness substantially equal to 2 millimeters and a height substantially equal to 4 millimeters.

Claims

1. Building block (1), having two main faces (2), inner and outer, an upper face (3), a lower face (4), and two end faces or side edges (5) intended for erection wall, wall or wall by gluing and embedding building blocks (1) one after the other and on top of one another so that their upper (3) and lower faces ( 4) are in mutual contact, as are their end faces (5), these faces being designated as so-called "contact" faces (6), and so that the two main faces (2) of each block (1) form the inner and outer faces of the wall, these faces being designated as inner and outer faces called "visible" (7), building block (1) characterized in that it comprises:

· A plurality of sections (8) of solid material positioned next to one another so as to form a block, certain sections being displaced beyond at least one of the contact faces (6) of the building block (1) in order to producing one or more recessed protruding structures (16) at the contact surface (s) (6) concerned and one or more complementary receiving recesses (17) in its opposite contact face (s) (6), these structures constituting positioning and assembly means for the final block,

A layer of plastics material (13) which surrounds the block (1) and covers it externally on each of its faces and which in addition is inserted between the sections (8) of solid material so as to bind them to each other and to provide a cohesion and shape external to the building block (1).

2. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (8) of solid material are calibrated inserts made from real wood and are each pieces of solid wood, solid and homogeneous or calibrated inserts made from compacted waste, recycled material, ecological waste, agglomerated, laminated, reconstituted, butted, plywood, laminated wood or any other material whose mechanical and thermal properties are satisfactory and remains compatible with overmolding for connecting the different sections (8) by plastic between them and to form the building block (1).

3. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more recessed protruding structures (16) on its upper face (3) and one or more complementary receiving cavities (17). ) on its lower face (4), these structures being obtained by a vertical offset of sections (8) of the building block (1).

4. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more recessed protruding structures (16) on one of its lateral end edges (5), and a or a plurality of complementary receiving cavities (17) on its opposite end lateral edge (5), these structures being obtained by a lateral offset of sections (8) of the building block (1).

5. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting recess structures (16) and the complementary receiving cavities (17) are centered on the longitudinal axis of the block.

6. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic layer (13) is a layer of thermoplastic material, thermosetting resin, a mixture of several different plastics or one or a plurality of plastics with other components formed by overmolding around and between the sections (8).

7. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (8) are of parallelepipedal shape and in that the recessed protruding structures (16) and the complementary receiving recesses (17) have a square or rectangular section.

8. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections (8) all have the same length and are in upright vertical arrangement.

9. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral layers (9) located at the visible faces (7) of the block (1) consist of two or three sections of solid material in the form of plates (10) placed in the extension of one another and in that a set of sections (8) of smaller size and in the form of erected amounts (1 1) is arranged between the plates (10), these sections (8) constituting by juxtaposition one or more central layers (12).

10. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that grooves 14 or other similar hollow structures are formed on the edges of the sections 8 provided to be arranged vis-à-vis another adjacent section 8 two grooves 14 placed facing each other forming a channel 15 between two adjacent sections.

1 1. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises on its faces of contacts (6) one or more bonding areas (18) materialized by a suitable relief.

12. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a specific coating on at least one of its visible faces (7), this specific coating being of the painting, film, strip, stone granules type. natural, sand, powder, pigments, synthetic particles or the like.

13. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains recesses or cells (19).

14. Building block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that connecting struts (20) are provided inside the cells (19).

15. Building block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the connecting struts (20) are formed of additional solid material sections or are made of plastic directly during the overmolding step in the form of ribs shaped in the same material as that used for the plastic layer (13) and in that the connecting struts (20) have through openings (23) in the lower part and / or in the upper part thereof.

16. Building block (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the cells (19) of the various building blocks 1 communicate vertically with each other when blocks (1) are superimposed on each other and despite the shift blocks when they are flush-mounted.

17. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is T-shaped (28) for the realization of T-junctions and has the same height, length and width as another base block but with a transverse central extension (29) of a length equal to half the length of a block (1) of base.

18. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is wedge-shaped (26 or 27) for the realization of angles and has the same height and the same width as the others but with two lengths in right angles equal to those of the other blocks (1) or with two lengths at right angles equal to half of those of the other blocks (1) of base.

19. Building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has on at least one of its visible faces (7) a projecting extension (30) in the same plane at its upper edge and the one of its side edges, and a groove (31) complementary on its opposite edge at its lower edge and its other side edge.