FR2588901A1 - Composite block - Google Patents
Composite block Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2588901A1 FR2588901A1 FR8515794A FR8515794A FR2588901A1 FR 2588901 A1 FR2588901 A1 FR 2588901A1 FR 8515794 A FR8515794 A FR 8515794A FR 8515794 A FR8515794 A FR 8515794A FR 2588901 A1 FR2588901 A1 FR 2588901A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- bricks
- blocks
- block according
- constitute
- vertical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
- E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un bloc composite, c'est-à-dire à un élément de construction préfabriqué réalisé en plusieurs matériaux. The present invention relates to a composite block, that is to say a prefabricated building element made of several materials.
On connatt de tels éléments, par exemple ceux décrits dans le document français nO 2.210.705, qui sont réalisés au moyen de deux blocs reliés par des cloisons transversales, tandis qu'une couche isolante s'entend entre ces deux blocs. Les éléments du genre en question sont assembles les uns aux autres au moyen d'un lit de mortier, comme sont construits les murs réalisés à partir de moellons classiques. Such elements are known, for example those described in French document No. 2,210,705, which are produced by means of two blocks connected by transverse partitions, while an insulating layer is understood between these two blocks. Elements of the genre in question are joined to each other by means of a mortar bed, as are the walls made from conventional rubble.
On comprend aisément que les cloisons qui relient les deux blocs de chaque élément constituent des ponts thermiques qui éliminent une grande partie de l'efficacité de la couche isolante. De plus, la construction- à l'aide de mortier est relativement longue, de telle sorte qu'une telle construction ne pressente pas d'avantages particuliers. It is easily understood that the partitions which connect the two blocks of each element constitute thermal bridges which eliminate a large part of the effectiveness of the insulating layer. In addition, the construction using mortar is relatively long, so that such a construction does not anticipate any particular advantages.
Les perfectionnements qui font l'objet de la présente invention visent à remédier à ces inconvénients et à permettre la réalisation d'un bloc composite dont la couche isolante ne présente pas de solution de continuité afin d'assurer une isolation importante, tandis que le montage desdits blocs s'effectue sans morutier. The improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to remedy these drawbacks and to allow the production of a composite block whose insulating layer does not have a solution of continuity in order to ensure significant insulation, while the mounting said blocks are carried out without codfish.
A cet effet, le bloc suivant l'invention comprend d'une part deux briques à alvéoles présentant chacune une face substantiellement lisse et une face à dépressions en contre-dépouille et, d'autre part, une couche de matière isolante coulée entre les deux briques et comportant deux chants adjacents en forme de tenons et deux autres en forme de mortaises afin que l'assemblage des blocs s'effectue à sec, c'est-A-dire par le seul engagement des tenons et des mortaises de leur couche isolante, tandis que les deux extrémités verticales d'une des deux briques sont creuses d'évidements verticaux qui, une fois les blocs assemblés, constituent des passages dans lequels on coule du béton en vue de constituer des colonnes de liaison des blocs. To this end, the block according to the invention comprises, on the one hand, two cell bricks, each having a substantially smooth face and a face with undercut depressions, and, on the other hand, a layer of insulating material poured between the two. bricks and comprising two adjacent edges in the shape of tenons and two others in the form of mortises so that the assembly of the blocks is carried out dry, that is to say by the only engagement of the tenons and the mortises of their insulating layer , while the two vertical ends of one of the two bricks are hollow with vertical recesses which, once the blocks have been assembled, constitute passages in which concrete is poured in order to constitute the columns for connecting the blocks.
Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est suceptible de procurer. The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing.
Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc réalisé conformément à l'invention. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a block produced in accordance with the invention.
Fig. 2 montre la manière dont les blocs de fig. 1 sont assemblés en vue de constituer un mur. Fig. 2 shows how the blocks of FIG. 1 are assembled to constitute a wall.
Fig. 3 est une vue en plan donnant un exemple de construction avec angle rentrant et sortant. Fig. 3 is a plan view giving an example of construction with an inward and outward angle.
Fig. 4 illustre en perspective un bloc spécial permettant d'éviter toute interruption de la couche isolante, même devant des saillies telles que les chatnages. Fig. 4 illustrates in perspective a special block making it possible to avoid any interruption of the insulating layer, even in front of projections such as chases.
Fig. 5 est une coupe partielle d'un bâtiment conçu au moyen de blocs conformes à l'invention. Fig. 5 is a partial section of a building designed using blocks according to the invention.
Fig. 6 montre la manière dont on peut réaliser une ventilation pariéto-dynamique dans un bâtiment construit au moyen de blocs suivant l'invention. Fig. 6 shows the way in which a dynamic-dynamic ventilation can be achieved in a building constructed by means of blocks according to the invention.
Le bloc illustré en fig. 1 et qu'on a répertorié sous la référence générale 1 comprend essentiellement une première brique épaisse 2, une seconde brique plus mince 3 entre lesquelles est disposée une couche 4 de matière plastique telle que du polystyrène expansé. On observe que les briques 2 et 3, avantageusement mais non obligatoirement réalisées en terre cuite, sont pourvues d'alvéoles verticaux 2a, 3a dont ceux qui sont opposés à leur face extérieure 2b, 3b sont ouverts de manière à constituer des dépressions en contre-dépouille référencées 2c, 3c. En fait, ces dépressions forment des barrettes verticales en forme de T afin d'ancrer la couche 4 comme expliqué ci-dessus. The block illustrated in fig. 1 and which has been listed under the general reference 1 essentially comprises a first thick brick 2, a second thinner brick 3 between which is disposed a layer 4 of plastic material such as expanded polystyrene. It is observed that the bricks 2 and 3, advantageously but not necessarily made of terracotta, are provided with vertical cells 2a, 3a of which those which are opposite their outer face 2b, 3b are open so as to constitute depressions against draft referenced 2c, 3c. In fact, these depressions form vertical T-shaped bars in order to anchor the layer 4 as explained above.
Pour la réalisation du bloc, on place les deux briques 2 et 3 dans un moule et l'on injecte du polystyrène qui s'expanse dans ce dernier entre les deux briques. Cette matière plastique vient remplir les dépressions 2c et 3c, de telle sorte que les trois éléments constitutifs du bloc 1 sont parfaitement ancrés les uns dans les autres. To make the block, place the two bricks 2 and 3 in a mold and inject polystyrene which expands in the latter between the two bricks. This plastic material fills the depressions 2c and 3c, so that the three constituent elements of the block 1 are perfectly anchored in each other.
Le moule comporte une configuration telle que la couche 4, sur deux de ses chants adjacentes, est pourvue de tenons 4a, 4b et sur ses deux autres chants adjacents, de mortaises 4c, 4d. The mold has a configuration such that the layer 4, on two of its adjacent edges, is provided with pins 4a, 4b and on its two other adjacent edges, mortises 4c, 4d.
La brique 2 est encore pourvue de deux évidements verticaux 2d, 2e présentant en section horizontale la forme d'un demi-hexagone. The brick 2 is also provided with two vertical recesses 2d, 2e having in horizontal section the shape of a half-hexagon.
Le montage s'effectue de la manière illustrée en fig. 2, sans utiliser de mortier de liaison. A cet effet, seuls les tenons et les mortaises des couches 4 des différents blocs s'interpénètrent pour permettre leur positionnement parfait les uns par rapport aux autres. The assembly is carried out as illustrated in fig. 2, without using a bonding mortar. For this purpose, only the tenons and the mortises of the layers 4 of the different blocks interpenetrate to allow their perfect positioning in relation to each other.
C'est ainsi que les tenons 4a des blocs s'engagent dans les mortaises 4d des moellons situés au-dessus d'eux, tandis que les tenons 4b s'engagent dans les mortaises 4c des blocs voisins. L'assemblage côte à côte de ces derniers détermine, grâce aux évidements 2d, 2e, des passages verticaux 5 présentant en section horizontale une forme hexagonale. Lorsque l'assemblage des blocs est terminé, on peut couler du béton dans les passages 5 pour constituer des colonnes 6 assurant leur liaison rigide.Thus the tenons 4a of the blocks engage in the mortises 4d of the rubble stones located above them, while the tenons 4b engage in the mortises 4c of the neighboring blocks. The assembly side by side of the latter determines, thanks to the recesses 2d, 2e, vertical passages 5 having in horizontal section a hexagonal shape. When the assembly of the blocks is finished, concrete can be poured into the passages 5 to form columns 6 ensuring their rigid connection.
Bien entendu, des fers 7 peuvent être disposés dans les passages avant que le béton ne soit coulé, de manière que le béton de ces colonnes 6 soit armé (fig. 2).Of course, irons 7 can be placed in the passages before the concrete is poured, so that the concrete of these columns 6 is reinforced (fig. 2).
On note que la brique mince 3 est préférablement disposée à l'exterieur du mur afin que l'isolation de ce dernier soit effectuée par I'extérieur avec protection représentée par la brique 3, tandis que la partie active de soutien du mur est constituée par l'ensemble des briques 2. Note that the thin brick 3 is preferably placed outside the wall so that the insulation of the latter is carried out from the outside with protection represented by the brick 3, while the active support part of the wall is constituted by the set of bricks 2.
On doit noter que le moulage de la couche 4 de polystyrène expansé dans un moule entrain un plaquage des faces 2b, 3b des briques 2 et 3 contre les parois correspondantes du moule, de telle sorte que lesdites faces se trouvent parfaitement parallèles l'une à l'autre, ce qui facilite bien entendu la construction. It should be noted that the molding of the layer 4 of expanded polystyrene in a mold results in a pressing of the faces 2b, 3b of the bricks 2 and 3 against the corresponding walls of the mold, so that said faces are perfectly parallel to one another. the other, which of course facilitates construction.
I1 va de soi que la juxtaposition des blocs 1 permet la réalisation d'une couche isolante sans solution de continuité sur toute la surface de la construction, comme cela est plus particulièrement illustré en fig. 3. Sur cette figure, on a montre que sur le ineme mode d'exécution, on peut réaliser des blocs d'angle sortant 8 et des blocs d'angle rentrant 9 en vue d'éviter toute interruption de la couche isolante 4. It goes without saying that the juxtaposition of the blocks 1 allows the production of an insulating layer without a solution of continuity over the entire surface of the construction, as is more particularly illustrated in FIG. 3. In this figure, it has been shown that in the same embodiment, it is possible to produce outgoing corner blocks 8 and re-entering corner blocks 9 in order to avoid any interruption of the insulating layer 4.
On peut aussi réaliser des éléments tels que celui 10 illustré en fig. 4 qui ne comprend qu'une brique mince 3 et la couche 4, de telle manière qu'il peut être disposé en face d'une saillie de la construction, par exemple en vis-A-vis d'un plancher ou d'un chaînage 11 tel qu'illustré en fig. 5. La encore, l'isolation ne présente aucune discontinuité de sorte que tous les ponts thermiques sont éliminés. On obtient ainsi un coefficient d'isolation très important de l'ordre de 0,26 pour un mur réalisé avec des blocs 1 dont les caractéristiques sont les suivantes épaisseur de la brique intérieure de 15 cm, épaisseur de la brique extérieure 7 cm et épaisseur de la couche 4 de polystyrène expansé 10 cm.It is also possible to produce elements such as that illustrated in FIG. 4 which comprises only a thin brick 3 and the layer 4, in such a way that it can be placed opposite a projection of the construction, for example opposite a floor or a chaining 11 as illustrated in fig. 5. Again, the insulation has no discontinuity so that all thermal bridges are eliminated. This gives a very high insulation coefficient of the order of 0.26 for a wall made with blocks 1, the characteristics of which are as follows: thickness of the interior brick of 15 cm, thickness of the exterior brick 7 cm and thickness of layer 4 of expanded polystyrene 10 cm.
Comme illustré en fig. 6, la juxtaposition des alvéoles verticaux 2a, 3a des briques 2 et 3 des blocs 1 superposés permet la réalisation de canaux verticaux 12, 13 ménagés respectivement dans les briques extérieures 3 et intérieures 2. Le débouché supérieur des canaux 12 est en liaison avec l'atmosphère extérieure, par exemple avec des ouvertures 14a pratiquées dans des panneaux 14 disposés sous l'avance du toit 15 au-delà des murs. Bien entendu, pour réaliser une ventilation parietodynamique, il est nécessaire de ménager également à la base des murs des conduits horizontaux 16 mettant en communication la base des canaux 12 et 13. Grâce à des ouvertures 17 pratiquées dans la paroi 2b des blocs supérieurs, on peut obtenir un écoulement d'air illustré par la flèche F et dirigé vers l'intérieur du local. As illustrated in fig. 6, the juxtaposition of the vertical cells 2a, 3a of the bricks 2 and 3 of the superimposed blocks 1 allows the production of vertical channels 12, 13 formed respectively in the exterior bricks 3 and interior 2. The upper outlet of the channels 12 is in connection with the 'outdoor atmosphere, for example with openings 14a formed in panels 14 arranged under the advance of the roof 15 beyond the walls. Of course, to achieve parietodynamic ventilation, it is necessary to also provide at the base of the walls horizontal conduits 16 connecting the base of the channels 12 and 13. With openings 17 made in the wall 2b of the upper blocks, can obtain an air flow illustrated by arrow F and directed towards the interior of the room.
Il va de soi que les faces 2b des briques des blocs sont pourvues d'un revêtement 18, par exemple en plaques de plâtre ou en plâtre taloché, tandis que l'extérieur des blocs reçoit un enduit 19. It goes without saying that the faces 2b of the bricks of the blocks are provided with a coating 18, for example in plasterboard or float plaster, while the outside of the blocks receives a coating 19.
Il doit d'ailleurs etre entendu que la description qui précède n'a été donnée qu'A titre d'exemple et qu'elle ne limite nullement le domaine de l'invention dont on ne sortirait pas en remplaçant les détails d'exécution décrits par tous autres équivalents. It should moreover be understood that the foregoing description has been given only by way of example and that it in no way limits the field of the invention from which one would not depart by replacing the execution details described by all other equivalents.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8515794A FR2588901B1 (en) | 1985-10-21 | 1985-10-21 | COMPOSITE BLOCK |
CH418986A CH670473A5 (en) | 1985-10-21 | 1986-10-21 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8515794A FR2588901B1 (en) | 1985-10-21 | 1985-10-21 | COMPOSITE BLOCK |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2588901A1 true FR2588901A1 (en) | 1987-04-24 |
FR2588901B1 FR2588901B1 (en) | 1988-08-05 |
Family
ID=9324155
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8515794A Expired FR2588901B1 (en) | 1985-10-21 | 1985-10-21 | COMPOSITE BLOCK |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH670473A5 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2588901B1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2650012A1 (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-01-25 | Aragon Rene | Method for construction of detached houses using a hoisting means, and prefabricated elements for implementing the said method |
FR2651816A1 (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1991-03-15 | Eftimion Georges | Method for employing hollow bricks of large dimensions in order to make up, in sandwich form, the outer wall, the insulation and the inner wall at the same time |
ES2158759A1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2001-09-01 | Univ Cantabria | Ceramic component for partitions and enclosures, in particular an acoustic and/or thermal insulation component. |
ES2267349A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2007-03-01 | Universidad De Cantabria | Ceramic tiling element with sound and/or thermal insulation, has two external ceramic layers sandwiching insulating material layer in-between |
EP1705302A3 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2008-01-16 | Carmine Franco Valente | Element of brick material for making prefabricated panels for the construction industry |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE506505C2 (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1997-12-22 | Polyplank Ab | Method of connecting boards to each other to a building block and according to the method, building blocks made |
CN104278760A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2015-01-14 | 绿建科技集团新型建材高技术有限公司 | Self-insulation system of thermal insulation coating and composite insulation building block double-row combined type wall |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2370836A1 (en) * | 1976-11-15 | 1978-06-09 | Eberlin Madeleine | CONSTRUCTION PLOT |
EP0041417A1 (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1981-12-09 | Centre D'etudes Et De Recherches De L'industrie Du Beton Manufacture | Building block with insulating material incorporated therein for exterior insulation |
FR2519670A1 (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1983-07-18 | Robin Bernard | Insulating composite building block - comprises two outer parts which are rigidly interconnected by insulating intermediate foam |
FR2562926A1 (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1985-10-18 | Rakotoson Emile | System allowing the building of a construction wall structure without corner columns and an improvement of the thermal insulation coefficient |
-
1985
- 1985-10-21 FR FR8515794A patent/FR2588901B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-10-21 CH CH418986A patent/CH670473A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2370836A1 (en) * | 1976-11-15 | 1978-06-09 | Eberlin Madeleine | CONSTRUCTION PLOT |
EP0041417A1 (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1981-12-09 | Centre D'etudes Et De Recherches De L'industrie Du Beton Manufacture | Building block with insulating material incorporated therein for exterior insulation |
FR2519670A1 (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1983-07-18 | Robin Bernard | Insulating composite building block - comprises two outer parts which are rigidly interconnected by insulating intermediate foam |
FR2562926A1 (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1985-10-18 | Rakotoson Emile | System allowing the building of a construction wall structure without corner columns and an improvement of the thermal insulation coefficient |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2651816A1 (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1991-03-15 | Eftimion Georges | Method for employing hollow bricks of large dimensions in order to make up, in sandwich form, the outer wall, the insulation and the inner wall at the same time |
FR2650012A1 (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-01-25 | Aragon Rene | Method for construction of detached houses using a hoisting means, and prefabricated elements for implementing the said method |
ES2158759A1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2001-09-01 | Univ Cantabria | Ceramic component for partitions and enclosures, in particular an acoustic and/or thermal insulation component. |
ES2267349A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2007-03-01 | Universidad De Cantabria | Ceramic tiling element with sound and/or thermal insulation, has two external ceramic layers sandwiching insulating material layer in-between |
EP1705302A3 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2008-01-16 | Carmine Franco Valente | Element of brick material for making prefabricated panels for the construction industry |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2588901B1 (en) | 1988-08-05 |
CH670473A5 (en) | 1989-06-15 |
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