EP1174233A1 - Set of building blocks and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Set of building blocks and method of manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1174233A1
EP1174233A1 EP01870162A EP01870162A EP1174233A1 EP 1174233 A1 EP1174233 A1 EP 1174233A1 EP 01870162 A EP01870162 A EP 01870162A EP 01870162 A EP01870162 A EP 01870162A EP 1174233 A1 EP1174233 A1 EP 1174233A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
protuberance
assembly according
building
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01870162A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
J.D. Huberty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprises Roosens Services sca
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Entreprises Roosens Services sca
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP00870167A external-priority patent/EP1174232A1/en
Application filed by Entreprises Roosens Services sca filed Critical Entreprises Roosens Services sca
Priority to EP01870162A priority Critical patent/EP1174233A1/en
Publication of EP1174233A1 publication Critical patent/EP1174233A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/24—Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of a first building block of substantially shaped form parallelepiped and a second building block from substantially parallelepiped shape, said first and second blocks being nestable by tenon and mortise.
  • blocks In the construction field there are so-called blocks "traditional” which are joined together by a bed of mortar and blocks which are dry assembled with tenon and mortise and are then filled with a mortar grout. Building blocks generally having an internal cavity for receiving the mortar which secures the blocks together to form a wall, for example.
  • British patent application GB 2,091,775 A describes a building block whose shape allows interlocking provided seal the blocks together with a usual amount of mortar. The constructions carried out in this way will therefore have a cost equivalent to those made with so-called "traditional" blocks.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain blocks of construction of a building whose design allows construction by interlocking, which is easier to perform and requires very little mortar, in particular adhesive mortar, without affecting the solidity of the construction carried out.
  • the blocks described in this invention are assimilated to the so-called “hollow” blocks because the hollowed out part of the blocks according to the present invention represents more than 10% of the volume of these blocks.
  • the constructions made with the block according to the invention also have a lower cost compared to constructions traditional while presenting a better quality, both in terms of the solidity of the buildings at the level of the finish.
  • the invention provides a set of a first building block of substantially shaped building parallelepiped and a second building block from substantially parallelepiped shape, said first and second blocks being nestable by tenon and mortise, each block comprising a first U-shaped opening flared on each side transverse of the parallelepiped and a second opening extending over at least part of the area on the longitudinal side, the first and the second opening joining in the upper part of the flared U, at least one edge forming the junction between the longitudinal side and the upper part of the branches of the flared U of the first block forms a notch intended to receive a predetermined quantity of adhesive mortar and the second block includes at least one protrusion located at the base flared U allowing the nesting and sliding of the block construction, the protrusion of the second block coming into contact with the adhesive mortar and participating in the nesting of the second block of construction in the opening on the longitudinal side of the first block of construction.
  • This assembly makes it possible to make precise and stable assemblies of at least two blocks.
  • the protuberance at the base of the flared U of a first block interlocking with precision in the cavity formed by the upper part of the flared U of a second block.
  • the assembly of the blocks can also be arranged upside down without causing stability issues.
  • the air and water tightness is improved by compared to conventional block sets due to the small quantity adhesive mortar deposited at the junction between the upper block and the block inferior.
  • the fact that the adhesive mortar is placed at this location precise which forms a notch allows the adhesive mortar to spread over all the surface of the gap which is at the junction between the longitudinal side of the first block and the upper part of the flared U of the second block. So, not only is the seal excellent, but also the adhesive mortar being deposited in a very small quantity, determined according to the volume of the notch to be filled, it does not overflow and the assembly thus produced is present a good finish without having to remove the adhesive mortar excess.
  • All the blocks according to the invention can be used for the realization of a building by superimposing horizontal rows of blocks arranged, in particular, so that the vertical joints of the building blocks are staggered.
  • the present invention also provides a set comprising a third block which includes a shaped opening U flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and one side longitudinal open whose opening at least partially forms the part upper part of the flared U and in that it comprises a surface which is substantially hovers at the base of the flared U.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to use this type of block at the base of constructions, their great stability being ensured by the substantially flat surface being in contact with the ground.
  • the ends can also be made with this type of block.
  • the present invention also provides a fourth block as a component of the assembly, the protrusion of which includes a stage arranged under the external face of the protuberance, this stage having a staircase profile with a width less than the width of said protuberance so as to be insertable into the opening of another block of the whole.
  • This fourth type of block is used in so-called masonry apparent, that is to say that the walls constructed in this way do not need then be plastered or covered with plaster. Assembled blocks have an excellent finish.
  • a fifth type of block is provided by the invention with a protuberance which comprises a stage extending over half of the length of the protrusion at the base of the block.
  • This type of block of the invention can be used in a construction known as "with opposed joints”.
  • One of the advantages of the present invention is the shape of the first embodiment of a building block according to the invention, whose flared U-shaped opening represents at least 50% of the height of the block.
  • This shape makes it possible to have a hollow block which allows a stable and precise fitting with at least one other block of the same type. It is also possible to place reinforcements inside the blocks to form lintels or for returns. he is also possible to place cables or pipes inside these blocks, the internal space formed by the flared U-shaped opening being sufficiently great for that.
  • Another advantage of the building block according to the invention is that, when it has a protuberance at the base of the flared U, this protuberance has a thickness (h P ) at least substantially equal to one fifth of the height (h T ) of the longitudinal wall of said building block.
  • An additional advantage of the present invention is to provide a building block whose length is substantially equal to twice its width and substantially equal to twice its height. According to the invention, a block is also provided, the length of which is substantially equal to its width and its height.
  • the present invention also relates to a seal for building block as a component of the whole of the invention, this joint being arranged to be disposed between two blocks of the assembly, the profile of the joint being modeled on the lateral profile of the blocks between which it is arranged, the width of said joint being less than that of the lateral profile blocks between which it is disposed, said seal being thus arranged at fit into the opening of another block staggered under the two blocks.
  • This joint allows to realize sets in masonry related.
  • the joint placed between the blocks provides a spacing that compensates for any gaps that may exist between the blocks.
  • a regular wall is thus obtained with great ease of positioning of the blocks.
  • this seal provides an excellent seal vertical to air and water, which completes the horizontal seal provided by the adhesive mortar placed at the junction between blocks staggered.
  • the seal is made of an elastic material, of preferably polystyrene or Neoprene®. This helps to catch up unevenness in length and elasticity of the material is also adapted to temperature variations.
  • the bottom of the block is then slope so that the lowest part is at the level of the hole evacuation so as to allow the natural flow of water and prevent it from stagnating at the bottom of the blocks.
  • the present invention also relates to a mold for the formation of at least two building construction blocks comprising at least a first sequence of cubicles substantially in U-shaped and at least a second sequence of cubicles substantially U-shaped, arranged so that the first cubicle sequence and the second cubicle sequence are arranged on horseback in relation to each other.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a mold to form building blocks of substantially shaped shape parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said block including a flared U-shaped opening on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and including a protrusion located at the base of the flared U.
  • the invention relates to the use of the mold described above to form shape building building blocks substantially parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said blocks comprising a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U.
  • the use of these types of mold makes it possible to manufacture a large number of blocks using only two types of molds.
  • the first type of mold is used to form the blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal twice the width I and twice the height h.
  • the second type of mold is used to form blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal to the width I and to the height h of the block.
  • Each mold can be used to form several blocks at a time. Indeed, the blocks having flared U-shaped openings on the transverse sides, it is possible to nest them vertically. This edge-to-edge manufacturing process is rapid and of moderate cost, since a large number of blocks can be produced at the same time and with a significant yield.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section of a block of construction according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 a, b, c shows in cross section with break, the interlocking of two building blocks according to the invention with the installation of a small amount of adhesive mortar which spreads over the contact surface between the blocks without overflowing.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view with broken of an embodiment of a wall with blocks according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view with broken of a mold for manufacturing the blocks according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view with broken of an example of construction made with blocks according to the invention.
  • Figure 6a shows a perspective view of one of the blocks of the invention comprising a protrusion with a stage extending on half of the protuberance, said stage being divided into two parts and the block also comprising a discharge hole.
  • Figure 6b shows a perspective view of one of the blocks of the invention where the stage extends over the entire length of the protuberance, said floor being divided into two parts.
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of the block shown in Fig 6a.
  • Figure 8 shows a seal as described in the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of an example of construction made with blocks of the invention between which are arranged joints.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a building block according to the invention is shown in cross section.
  • the building block shown includes a flared U-shaped opening on the sides transverse of the block and this opening extends, in one embodiment preferred, over about 70% of the depth of the block, which allows fill the cavity thus formed with mortar.
  • the preferred proportions of a building block according to the present invention are as follows: the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its width. Likewise, the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its height.
  • the protuberance provided at the base of the U flared to a thickness sufficient to allow a stable nesting with another building block of the invention, for example, this protuberance has a thickness representing approximately two thirds of the thickness of a building block wall.
  • Figure 2 shows in cross section how two blocks 1, 2 according to the invention are nestable.
  • the first step (Fig. 2a) consists of adding, at the upper corner, the branches of the flared U of a block, of a small quantity of adhesive mortar 3.
  • Figure 2b shows that a second block 1 is then fitted onto the first 2. This has the effect, due to the pressure exerted by the second block on the first, to allow the adhesive mortar 3 to extend over the entire surface of contact between the blocks at the time of nesting as is shown in Figure 2c.
  • a flange is provided on the corner external superior of the branches of the flared U. This ledge constitutes a stop which allows the adhesive to be contained in a cavity which is created by this rim, between the two blocks to be assembled.
  • the Figure 2c also shows the nesting and sealing of the blocks fully performed optimally with a minimum amount of tile adhesive. This process saves material by ensuring a solid and precise fitting of the building blocks together, more, there is no adhesive mortar overflow to the outside, which ensures a very clean finish.
  • FIGS 3 and 5 Examples of constructions made with blocks of construction according to the invention are shown in Figures 3 and 5.
  • the wall seen in perspective in Figure 3, allows to show an example use of at least four types of blocks provided by the invention. This wall is made, by fitting blocks "with opposed joints".
  • the assembly of the blocks is in fact carried out so as to superimpose horizontal rows of blocks arranged one on top of the other so that the vertical joints of the building blocks are staggered and do not form a straight vertical line.
  • the building block with protrusion 4 is therefore nested in the so-called "with opposed joints" in a building block 5 and in a building block 6. It can be observed that the building block 4 has a length substantially equal to twice that of blocks 5.
  • the row of building blocks forming the base of the wall is made with building blocks of the invention does with no protuberance at the base of the flared U 7, this profile allowing great stability to the construction thus produced.
  • This guy of a building block whose surface at the base of the flared U is substantially flat solves other particular points of construction as shown in Figure 5. Indeed, the wall shown in perspective in this figure describes the different possibilities offered by the building blocks according to the invention to solve different points in the construction of a building some of which are listed below.
  • building blocks comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U 8 are arranged perpendicular to the adjacent blocks, allowing close the end of the walls.
  • the blocks adjacent to these end blocks 8 are composed of blocks with protuberance at the base of the flared U, these blocks have a length L 4 or L / 2 5 and are stacked alternately.
  • the door or window lintels are resolved by the placement of iron reinforcement building blocks 7 in the cavity 9 which are embedded in mortar to ensure the joining of adjacent blocks and thus constitute solid lintels.
  • the wall angles are made in the same way as the butts, by putting on each side of blocks 8 of blocks 4 and 5 which are alternately stacked as shown in Figure 5.
  • This construction process involves dimensional regularity of the building block profile. This is obtained at the level the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention by a complete block formwork.
  • the material used for the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention is demold concrete instantaneous (approximately 20 seconds), it is a concrete which is very dry.
  • the blocks thus removed from the mold are then placed in an oven for 24 hours.
  • Other materials, such as terracotta for example, can be used.
  • the molds used to form the blocks of the invention make it possible to obtain a large number of blocks of construction at the same time thanks to the arrangement of cubicle sequences which are arranged astride each other and are therefore strongly nested within each other. Indeed, are obtained thus rows of blocks placed on the transverse side alternating with rows of blocks arranged in the opposite direction so as to nest two longitudinal walls of two adjacent blocks 10, 11 in the cavity internal of a third block 12 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Two types of molds are used to obtain blocks construction with or without protuberance on the surface of the flared U, this which significantly reduces production costs while obtaining an excellent finish of the building blocks thus obtained.
  • Figs. 6a and 6b show two embodiments of a block according to the invention which have at the base of the flared U a protuberance comprising a stage 13 divided into two parts substantially parallel to each other and which extend either over substantially half the length of the external face, i.e. over the entire length of the external face of the protuberance.
  • a discharge hole 14 is provided which is disposed in the bottom of the block to one of the ends.
  • this block can in particular be assembled with a solid block also having a floor 13 over half the length of the protuberance.
  • the solid block forms a end of wall and it is inserted in staggered rows in a hollow block.
  • Fig. 7 shows a profile block which includes a protuberance provided with a stage 13 over half of its length.
  • Line substantially horizontal shown in dotted lines represents the bottom of the block that is sloping, the lower part of the slope being at a end of the block where there is a discharge hole 14.
  • the hole outlet 14 can be located at another location in the block depending on the use we want to make of the block. If the drain hole 14 is in the central part of the bottom of the block, the bottom of the block will have a slope descending towards the central part of the block so as to allow natural flow of water. This avoids stagnation and increased humidity inside walls built with these blocks.
  • Fig. 8 shows an example of seal 15 used in combination with the blocks of the invention. His profile matches the profile side of a block with protrusion but the width of the joint 15 is less than the width of the block so as to obtain a construction having a satisfactory aesthetic appearance.
  • these seals 15 are used for make exposed masonry walls, they are staggered in the hollow blocks of the invention and make it possible to compensate for the gaps between the blocks in order to obtain a construction of regular appearance with excellent water and air tightness properties thanks to the presence of joints and assembly of blocks using adhesive mortar arranged in particular on the edges of the flared U of the blocks. This allows a completely sealed junction of the blocks without causing adhesive mortar overflow. The installation is therefore quick, without steps additional wiping of excess adhesive mortar and finishing and aesthetic qualities of the construction are excellent.
  • FIG. 9 An example of an exposed masonry construction made with blocks of the invention is shown in FIG. 9.

Abstract

Each parallelepiped block comprises a first U-shaped widened opening on each transverse side and a second opening extending over a part of the surface of the longitudinal side. The two openings are joined in the upper part of the widened U. One edge forming the junction between the longitudinal side and the upper part of the U branches of the first block forms a notch for receiving a pre-specified quantity of mortar . The second block comprises a protuberance at the base of the widened U enabling the fitting and sliding of the construction block. The protuberance is in contact with the mortar and takes part in the fitting of the second block in the longitudinal side opening of the first block.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un ensemble d'un premier bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et d'un second bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, lesdits premier et second bloc étant emboítables par tenon et mortaise.The present invention relates to a set of a first building block of substantially shaped form parallelepiped and a second building block from substantially parallelepiped shape, said first and second blocks being nestable by tenon and mortise.

Dans le domaine de la construction il existe des blocs dits "traditionnels" qui sont assemblés entre eux par un lit de mortier et des blocs qui sont assemblés entre eux à sec par tenon et mortaise et sont ensuite remplis avec un coulis de mortier. Les blocs de construction présentant généralement une cavité intérieure pour recevoir le mortier qui solidarise les blocs entre eux afin de constituer un mur, par exemple.In the construction field there are so-called blocks "traditional" which are joined together by a bed of mortar and blocks which are dry assembled with tenon and mortise and are then filled with a mortar grout. Building blocks generally having an internal cavity for receiving the mortar which secures the blocks together to form a wall, for example.

Il est important sur un chantier d'obtenir des bâtiments solides, répondant à des normes de sécurité strictes tout en ayant un coût acceptable, tant pour la fabrication des blocs de construction que pour leur pose. Pour ce faire, la conception des blocs de construction de bâtiments est un élément majeur. Cependant, il est difficile d'obtenir des blocs qui soient à la fois faciles à emboíter, utilisant peu de mortier et d'un coût de fabrication modéré, et présentant une finition de bonne qualité. It is important on a construction site to obtain buildings solid, meeting strict safety standards while having a acceptable cost, both for the manufacture of building blocks and for their pose. To do this, the design of the building blocks of buildings is a major element. However, it is difficult to obtain blocks that are both easy to interlock, using little mortar and a moderate manufacturing cost, and having a good finish quality.

Les normes qui sont en particulier prises en considération sont, pour la maçonnerie, la norme belge NBN B24-001 et pour les blocs de construction, la norme belge NBN B21-001.The standards which are particularly taken into consideration are, for masonry, the Belgian standard NBN B24-001 and for blocks construction, Belgian standard NBN B21-001.

La demande de brevet britannique GB 2 091 775 A décrit un bloc de construction dont la forme permet un emboítement à condition de sceller les blocs entre eux avec une quantité habituelle de mortier. Les constructions réalisées ainsi auront donc un coût équivalent à celles réalisées avec des blocs dits "traditionnels".British patent application GB 2,091,775 A describes a building block whose shape allows interlocking provided seal the blocks together with a usual amount of mortar. The constructions carried out in this way will therefore have a cost equivalent to those made with so-called "traditional" blocks.

La présente invention a pour but d'obtenir des blocs de construction de bâtiment dont la conception permette une construction par emboítement, qui est plus facile à réaliser et nécessitant très peu de mortier, en particulier de mortier-colle, sans pour autant porter atteinte à la solidité de la construction réalisée. Les blocs décrits dans la présente invention sont assimilés aux blocs dits "creux" car la partie évidée des blocs suivant la présente invention représente plus de 10% du volume de ces blocs.The object of the present invention is to obtain blocks of construction of a building whose design allows construction by interlocking, which is easier to perform and requires very little mortar, in particular adhesive mortar, without affecting the solidity of the construction carried out. The blocks described in this invention are assimilated to the so-called "hollow" blocks because the hollowed out part of the blocks according to the present invention represents more than 10% of the volume of these blocks.

Les constructions réalisées avec le bloc suivant l'invention ont également un coût moindre par rapport aux constructions traditionnelles tout en présentant une meilleure qualité, tant au niveau de la solidité des bâtiments qu'au niveau de la finition.The constructions made with the block according to the invention also have a lower cost compared to constructions traditional while presenting a better quality, both in terms of the solidity of the buildings at the level of the finish.

De plus, l'étanchéité à l'eau et à l'air est une donnée particulièrement importante quand le bloc de construction est prévu pour être utilisé en maçonnerie apparente.In addition, water and air tightness is a given particularly important when the building block is intended for be used in exposed masonry.

A cette fin, l'invention prévoit un ensemble d'un premier bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et d'un second bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, lesdits premier et second bloc étant emboítables par tenon et mortaise, chaque bloc comprenant une première ouverture en forme de U évasé sur chacun des côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et une seconde ouverture s'étendant sur au moins une partie de la superficie du côté longitudinal, la première et la seconde ouverture se rejoignant dans la partie supérieure du U évasé, au moins une arête formant la jonction entre le côté longitudinal et la partie supérieure des branches du U évasé du premier bloc forme une encoche destinée à recevoir une quantité prédéterminée de mortier-colle et le second bloc comprend au moins une protubérance située à la base du U évasé permettant l'emboítement et le coulissement du bloc de construction, la protubérance du second bloc entrant en contact avec le mortier-colle et participant à l'emboítement du second bloc de construction dans l'ouverture du côté longitudinal du premier bloc de construction.To this end, the invention provides a set of a first building block of substantially shaped building parallelepiped and a second building block from substantially parallelepiped shape, said first and second blocks being nestable by tenon and mortise, each block comprising a first U-shaped opening flared on each side transverse of the parallelepiped and a second opening extending over at least part of the area on the longitudinal side, the first and the second opening joining in the upper part of the flared U, at least one edge forming the junction between the longitudinal side and the upper part of the branches of the flared U of the first block forms a notch intended to receive a predetermined quantity of adhesive mortar and the second block includes at least one protrusion located at the base flared U allowing the nesting and sliding of the block construction, the protrusion of the second block coming into contact with the adhesive mortar and participating in the nesting of the second block of construction in the opening on the longitudinal side of the first block of construction.

Cet ensemble suivant la présente invention, permet de réaliser des assemblages précis et stables d'au moins deux blocs. La protubérance à la base du U évasé d'un premier bloc s'emboítant avec précision dans la cavité formée par la partie supérieure du U évasé d'un deuxième bloc. L'assemblage des blocs peut également être disposé tête en bas sans poser de problèmes de stabilité.This assembly according to the present invention makes it possible to make precise and stable assemblies of at least two blocks. The protuberance at the base of the flared U of a first block interlocking with precision in the cavity formed by the upper part of the flared U of a second block. The assembly of the blocks can also be arranged upside down without causing stability issues.

De plus l'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau est améliorée par rapport aux ensembles de blocs conventionnels grâce à la petite quantité de mortier-colle déposée à la jonction entre le bloc supérieur et le bloc inférieur. En effet, le fait que le mortier-colle soit disposé à cet endroit précis qui forme une encoche permet au mortier-colle de s'étaler sur tout la surface de l'interstice qui est à la jonction entre le côté longitudinal du premier bloc et la partie supérieure du U évasé du second bloc. Ainsi, non seulement l'étanchéité est excellente mais de plus, le mortier-colle étant déposé en quantité très faible, déterminée d'après le volume de l'encoche à remplir, il ne déborde pas et l'ensemble ainsi réalisé présent une bonne finition sans devoir procéder à l'élimination de mortier-colle en excès. L'ensemble des blocs suivant l'invention peut être utilisé pour la réalisation d'un édifice en superposant des rangées horizontales de blocs disposées, en particulier, de façon à ce que les joints verticaux des blocs de construction soient en quinconce.In addition, the air and water tightness is improved by compared to conventional block sets due to the small quantity adhesive mortar deposited at the junction between the upper block and the block inferior. Indeed, the fact that the adhesive mortar is placed at this location precise which forms a notch allows the adhesive mortar to spread over all the surface of the gap which is at the junction between the longitudinal side of the first block and the upper part of the flared U of the second block. So, not only is the seal excellent, but also the adhesive mortar being deposited in a very small quantity, determined according to the volume of the notch to be filled, it does not overflow and the assembly thus produced is present a good finish without having to remove the adhesive mortar excess. All the blocks according to the invention can be used for the realization of a building by superimposing horizontal rows of blocks arranged, in particular, so that the vertical joints of the building blocks are staggered.

Ce type de constructions dans lequel les blocs sont disposés de façon à avoir les joints verticaux des blocs en quinconce est dit "à joints contrariés".This type of construction in which the blocks are arranged so as to have the vertical joints of the staggered blocks is says "with upset joints".

La présente invention prévoit également un ensemble comprenant un troisième bloc qui comprend une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et en ce qu'il comprend une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.The present invention also provides a set comprising a third block which includes a shaped opening U flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and one side longitudinal open whose opening at least partially forms the part upper part of the flared U and in that it comprises a surface which is substantially hovers at the base of the flared U.

Cette forme de réalisation permet d'utiliser ce type de blocs à la base des constructions, leur grande stabilité étant assurée par la surface sensiblement plane étant en contact avec le sol. Les abouts peuvent également être réalisés avec ce type de blocs.This embodiment makes it possible to use this type of block at the base of constructions, their great stability being ensured by the substantially flat surface being in contact with the ground. The ends can also be made with this type of block.

La présente invention prévoit également un quatrième bloc en tant que composant de l'ensemble dont la protubérance comprend un étage disposé sous la face externe de la protubérance, cet étage présentant un profil en escalier d'une largeur inférieure à la largeur de ladite protubérance de façon à être insérable dans l'ouverture d'un autre bloc de l'ensemble.The present invention also provides a fourth block as a component of the assembly, the protrusion of which includes a stage arranged under the external face of the protuberance, this stage having a staircase profile with a width less than the width of said protuberance so as to be insertable into the opening of another block of the whole.

Ce quatrième type de bloc est utilisé en maçonnerie dite apparente, c'est-à-dire que les murs construits ainsi n'ont pas besoin d'être ensuite crépis ou recouverts d'enduit. Les blocs assemblés présentent une excellente finition. This fourth type of block is used in so-called masonry apparent, that is to say that the walls constructed in this way do not need then be plastered or covered with plaster. Assembled blocks have an excellent finish.

Un cinquième type de bloc est prévu par l'invention avec une protubérance qui comprend un étage s'étendant sur la moitié de la longueur de la protubérance à la base du bloc.A fifth type of block is provided by the invention with a protuberance which comprises a stage extending over half of the length of the protrusion at the base of the block.

Ce type de bloc de l'invention peut être utilisé dans une construction dite « à joints contrariés ».This type of block of the invention can be used in a construction known as "with opposed joints".

Un des avantages de la présente invention est la forme du premier mode de réalisation d'un bloc de construction suivant l'invention, dont l'ouverture en U évasé représente au moins 50% de la hauteur du bloc.One of the advantages of the present invention is the shape of the first embodiment of a building block according to the invention, whose flared U-shaped opening represents at least 50% of the height of the block.

Cette forme permet en effet d'avoir un bloc creux qui permet un emboítement stable et précis avec au moins un autre bloc du même type. Il est aussi possible de placer des armatures à l'intérieur des blocs pour former des linteaux ou pour les retours. Il est également possible de placer des câbles ou des tuyaux à l'intérieur de ces blocs, l'espace interne formé par l'ouverture en U évasé étant suffisamment grand pour cela.This shape makes it possible to have a hollow block which allows a stable and precise fitting with at least one other block of the same type. It is also possible to place reinforcements inside the blocks to form lintels or for returns. he is also possible to place cables or pipes inside these blocks, the internal space formed by the flared U-shaped opening being sufficiently great for that.

Un autre avantage du bloc de construction suivant l'invention est que, quand celui-ci présente une protubérance à la base du U évasé, cette protubérance a une épaisseur (hP) au moins sensiblement égale au cinquième de la hauteur (hT) de la paroi longitudinale dudit bloc de construction.Another advantage of the building block according to the invention is that, when it has a protuberance at the base of the flared U, this protuberance has a thickness (h P ) at least substantially equal to one fifth of the height (h T ) of the longitudinal wall of said building block.

Un avantage supplémentaire de la présente invention est de prévoir un bloc de construction dont la longueur soit sensiblement égale à deux fois sa largeur et sensiblement égale à deux fois sa hauteur. Il est aussi prévu, suivant l'invention, un bloc dont la longueur est sensiblement égale à sa largeur et à sa hauteur.An additional advantage of the present invention is to provide a building block whose length is substantially equal to twice its width and substantially equal to twice its height. According to the invention, a block is also provided, the length of which is substantially equal to its width and its height.

La présente invention se rapporte également à un joint pour bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble de l'invention, ce joint étant agencé à être disposé entre deux blocs de l'ensemble, le profil du joint étant calqué sur le profil latéral des blocs entre lesquels il est disposé, la largeur dudit joint étant inférieure à celle du profil latéral des blocs entre lesquels il est disposé, ledit joint étant ainsi agencé à s'insérer dans l'ouverture d'un autre bloc disposé en quinconce sous les deux blocs.The present invention also relates to a seal for building block as a component of the whole of the invention, this joint being arranged to be disposed between two blocks of the assembly, the profile of the joint being modeled on the lateral profile of the blocks between which it is arranged, the width of said joint being less than that of the lateral profile blocks between which it is disposed, said seal being thus arranged at fit into the opening of another block staggered under the two blocks.

Ce joint permet de réaliser des ensembles en maçonnerie apparente. Le joint disposé entre les blocs permet d'obtenir un écartement qui compense les écarts qui peuvent exister entre les blocs. On obtient ainsi un mur régulier avec une grande facilité de positionnement des blocs.This joint allows to realize sets in masonry related. The joint placed between the blocks provides a spacing that compensates for any gaps that may exist between the blocks. A regular wall is thus obtained with great ease of positioning of the blocks.

De plus, ce joint permet d'obtenir une excellente étanchéité verticale à l'air et à l'eau, ce qui complète l'étanchéité horizontale assurée par le mortier-colle disposé à la jonction entre des blocs assemblés en quinconce.In addition, this seal provides an excellent seal vertical to air and water, which completes the horizontal seal provided by the adhesive mortar placed at the junction between blocks staggered.

Le joint est réalisé dans une matière élastique, de préférence du polystyrène ou du Néoprène®. Cela permet de rattraper les inégalités de longueur et l'élasticité du matériau est également adaptée aux variations de températures.The seal is made of an elastic material, of preferably polystyrene or Neoprene®. This helps to catch up unevenness in length and elasticity of the material is also adapted to temperature variations.

Il est aussi prévu par la présente invention de disposer un trou d'évacuation de l'eau qui est disposé au fond des blocs soit au milieu, soit à une des extrémités du bloc. Le fond du bloc est alors en pente de façon à ce que la partie la plus basse soit au niveau du trou d'évacuation de façon à permettre l'écoulement naturel de l'eau et empêcher qu'elle ne stagne au fond des blocs.It is also provided by the present invention to have a water drain hole which is placed at the bottom of the blocks middle, or at one end of the block. The bottom of the block is then slope so that the lowest part is at the level of the hole evacuation so as to allow the natural flow of water and prevent it from stagnating at the bottom of the blocks.

Ce type d'ensemble permet en outre de n'utiliser qu'une faible quantité de mortier-colle pour solidariser les blocs verticalement tout en obtenant une excellente solidité de la construction. De plus, les blocs suivant l'invention qui comprennent une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé permettent de résoudre les angles droits, les linteaux, les abouts.This type of assembly also makes it possible to use only one low quantity of adhesive mortar to secure the blocks vertically while obtaining excellent construction solidity. Moreover, the blocks according to the invention which comprise a surface which is substantially plane at the base of the flared U solve the right angles, the lintels, ends.

La présente invention concerne également un moule pour la formation d'au moins deux blocs de construction de bâtiment comprenant au moins une première séquence de logettes sensiblement en forme de U et au moins une deuxième séquence de logettes sensiblement en forme de U, disposées de façon à ce que la première séquence de logettes et la deuxième séquence de logettes soient disposées à cheval l'une par rapport à l'autre.The present invention also relates to a mold for the formation of at least two building construction blocks comprising at least a first sequence of cubicles substantially in U-shaped and at least a second sequence of cubicles substantially U-shaped, arranged so that the first cubicle sequence and the second cubicle sequence are arranged on horseback in relation to each other.

L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un tel moule pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise, ledit bloc comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une protubérance située à la base du U évasé.The invention also relates to the use of such a mold to form building blocks of substantially shaped shape parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said block including a flared U-shaped opening on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and including a protrusion located at the base of the flared U.

L'invention concerne l'utilisation du moule décrit ci-dessus pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítables par tenon et mortaise, lesdits blocs comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.The invention relates to the use of the mold described above to form shape building building blocks substantially parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said blocks comprising a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U.

L'utilisation de ces types de moule permet de fabriquer un grand nombre de blocs en utilisant seulement deux types de moules. Le premier type de moule est utilisé pour former les blocs avec ou sans protubérance pour lesquels la longueur L du bloc est sensiblement égale à deux fois la largeur I et deux fois la hauteur h. Le deuxième type de moule est utilisé pour former les blocs avec ou sans protubérance pour lesquels la longueur L du bloc est sensiblement égale à la largeur I et à la hauteur h du bloc. Chaque moule peut servir à former plusieurs blocs à la fois. En effet, les blocs ayant des ouvertures en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux, il est possible de les imbriquer verticalement. Ce procédé de fabrication sur chant est rapide et d'un coût modéré, puisqu'un grand nombre de blocs peuvent être fabriqués en même temps et avec un rendement important.The use of these types of mold makes it possible to manufacture a large number of blocks using only two types of molds. The first type of mold is used to form the blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal twice the width I and twice the height h. The second type of mold is used to form blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal to the width I and to the height h of the block. Each mold can be used to form several blocks at a time. Indeed, the blocks having flared U-shaped openings on the transverse sides, it is possible to nest them vertically. This edge-to-edge manufacturing process is rapid and of moderate cost, since a large number of blocks can be produced at the same time and with a significant yield.

Des détails concernant l'invention sont décrits ci-après faisant référence aux dessins qui illustrent une forme de réalisation de l'invention.Details of the invention are described below referring to the drawings which illustrate an embodiment of the invention.

La Figure 1 montre une coupe transversale d'un bloc de construction suivant l'invention.Figure 1 shows a cross section of a block of construction according to the invention.

La Figure 2 a, b, c, montre en coupe transversale avec brisure, l'emboítement de deux blocs de construction suivant l'invention avec la pose d'une petite quantité de mortier-colle qui s'étale sur la surface de contact entre les blocs sans déborder.Figure 2 a, b, c, shows in cross section with break, the interlocking of two building blocks according to the invention with the installation of a small amount of adhesive mortar which spreads over the contact surface between the blocks without overflowing.

La Figure 3 montre une vue en perspective avec brisure d'un mode de réalisation d'un mur avec des blocs suivant l'invention.Figure 3 shows a perspective view with broken of an embodiment of a wall with blocks according to the invention.

La Figure 4 montre une vue en perspective avec brisure d'un moule pour la fabrication des blocs suivant l'invention.Figure 4 shows a perspective view with broken of a mold for manufacturing the blocks according to the invention.

La Figure 5 montre une vue en perspective avec brisure d'un exemple de construction réalisé avec des blocs suivant l'invention.Figure 5 shows a perspective view with broken of an example of construction made with blocks according to the invention.

La Figure 6a montre une vue en perspective d'un des blocs de l'invention comprenant une protubérance avec un étage s'étendant sur la moitié de la protubérance, ledit étage étant divisé en deux parties et le bloc comprenant également un trou d'évacuation.Figure 6a shows a perspective view of one of the blocks of the invention comprising a protrusion with a stage extending on half of the protuberance, said stage being divided into two parts and the block also comprising a discharge hole.

La Figure 6b montre une vue en perspective d'un des blocs de l'invention où l'étage s'étend sur toute la longueur de la protubérance, ledit étage étant divisé en deux parties. Figure 6b shows a perspective view of one of the blocks of the invention where the stage extends over the entire length of the protuberance, said floor being divided into two parts.

La Figure 7 est une coupe longitudinale du bloc représenté sur la Fig 6a.Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of the block shown in Fig 6a.

La Figure 8 représente un joint tel que décrit dans la présente invention.Figure 8 shows a seal as described in the present invention.

La Figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de construction réalisé avec des blocs de l'invention entre lesquels sont disposés des joints.Figure 9 is a perspective view of an example of construction made with blocks of the invention between which are arranged joints.

La présente invention prévoit donc au moins neuf types de blocs :

  • un premier et un deuxième type de blocs comportant une protubérance à la base du U évasé, le premier bloc ayant une longueur L ou L/2 et le deuxième bloc ayant une longueur L ou L/2;
  • un troisième type de blocs sans protubérance à la base du U évasé, ayant soit une longueur L soit une longueur L/2,
  • un quatrième type de bloc avec protubérance à étage à la base du U évasé,
  • un cinquième type de bloc avec protubérance à étage à la base du U évasé, l'étage, s'étendant sur sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de la protubérance,
  • un sixième type de bloc plein avec protubérance à étage, l'étage s'étendant sur sensiblement la moitié de la protubérance,
  • un septième type de bloc plein avec protubérance à étage, l'étage s'étendant sur toute la longueur de la protubérance,
  • un huitième type de bloc plein avec une protubérance à étage, l'étage étant divisé en deux parties sensiblement parallèles l'une par rapport à l'autre s'étendant sur sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de la protubérance et
  • un neuvième bloc plein identique avec une protubérance à étage, l'étage étant divisé en deux parties sensiblement parallèles l'une par rapport à l'autre, s'étendant sur toute la longueur de la protubérance.
    • The present invention therefore provides at least nine types of blocks:
  • first and second type of blocks comprising a protuberance at the base of the flared U, the first block having a length L or L / 2 and the second block having a length L or L / 2;
  • a third type of block without protuberance at the base of the flared U, having either a length L or a length L / 2,
  • a fourth type of block with stepped protuberance at the base of the flared U,
  • a fifth type of block with a stage protuberance at the base of the flared U, the stage, extending over substantially half the length of the protuberance,
  • a sixth type of solid block with stage protuberance, the stage extending over substantially half of the protuberance,
  • a seventh type of solid block with stage protuberance, the stage extending over the entire length of the protuberance,
  • an eighth type of solid block with a stepped protuberance, the stage being divided into two parts which are substantially parallel to one another and extend over substantially half the length of the protuberance, and
  • a ninth identical solid block with a stage protrusion, the stage being divided into two parts which are substantially parallel to one another, extending over the entire length of the protuberance.

    • Selon la Figure 1, un exemple d'un bloc de construction suivant l'invention est montré en coupe transversale. Le bloc de construction représenté comprend une ouverture en U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du bloc et cette ouverture s'étend, dans un mode de réalisation préféré, sur environ 70% de la profondeur du bloc, ce qui permet de remplir la cavité ainsi formée avec du mortier.According to Figure 1, an example of a building block according to the invention is shown in cross section. The building block shown includes a flared U-shaped opening on the sides transverse of the block and this opening extends, in one embodiment preferred, over about 70% of the depth of the block, which allows fill the cavity thus formed with mortar.

    Les proportions préférentielles d'un bloc de construction suivant la présente invention sont les suivantes : la longueur d'un bloc est sensiblement égale au double de sa largeur. De même, la longueur d'un bloc est sensiblement égale au double de sa hauteur. Un exemple de dimensions est une longueur L = 30 cm, une largeur I = 15 cm et une hauteur H = 15 cm.The preferred proportions of a building block according to the present invention are as follows: the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its width. Likewise, the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its height. An example of dimensions is a length L = 30 cm, a width I = 15 cm and a height H = 15 cm.

    Préférentiellement, la protubérance prévue à la base du U évasé a une épaisseur suffisante pour permettre un emboítement stable avec un autre bloc de construction de l'invention, par exemple, cette protubérance a une épaisseur représentant environ deux tiers de l'épaisseur d'une paroi du bloc de construction.Preferably, the protuberance provided at the base of the U flared to a thickness sufficient to allow a stable nesting with another building block of the invention, for example, this protuberance has a thickness representing approximately two thirds of the thickness of a building block wall.

    La Figure 2 montre en coupe transversale comment deux blocs 1, 2 suivant l'invention sont emboítables. La première étape (Fig.2a) consiste en l'ajout, à l'angle supérieur des branches du U évasé d'un bloc ,d'une petite quantité de mortier-colle 3. La Figure 2b montre qu'un deuxième bloc 1 est ensuite emboíté sur le premier 2. Cela a pour effet, en raison de la pression exercée par le deuxième bloc sur le premier, de permettre au mortier-colle 3 de s'étendre sur toute la surface de contact entre les blocs au moment de l'emboítement comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 2c. De plus, un rebord est prévu sur l'angle supérieur externe des branches du U évasé. Ce rebord constitue un arrêt qui permet de contenir le mortier-colle dans une cavité qui est créée par ce rebord, entre les deux blocs à assembler. Cela empêche donc que le mortier-colle ne déborde les deux blocs après leur assemblage. La Figure 2c montre également l'emboítement et le scellement des blocs complètement réalisé de façon optimale avec une quantité minimale de mortier-colle. Ce procédé permet une économie de matériau en assurant un emboítement solide et précis des blocs de construction entre eux, de plus, il n'y a pas de débordement de mortier-colle vers l'extérieur, ce qui assure une finition très nette.Figure 2 shows in cross section how two blocks 1, 2 according to the invention are nestable. The first step (Fig. 2a) consists of adding, at the upper corner, the branches of the flared U of a block, of a small quantity of adhesive mortar 3. Figure 2b shows that a second block 1 is then fitted onto the first 2. This has the effect, due to the pressure exerted by the second block on the first, to allow the adhesive mortar 3 to extend over the entire surface of contact between the blocks at the time of nesting as is shown in Figure 2c. In addition, a flange is provided on the corner external superior of the branches of the flared U. This ledge constitutes a stop which allows the adhesive to be contained in a cavity which is created by this rim, between the two blocks to be assembled. This therefore prevents the adhesive mortar does not overflow the two blocks after their assembly. The Figure 2c also shows the nesting and sealing of the blocks fully performed optimally with a minimum amount of tile adhesive. This process saves material by ensuring a solid and precise fitting of the building blocks together, more, there is no adhesive mortar overflow to the outside, which ensures a very clean finish.

    Des exemples de constructions réalisées avec des blocs de construction suivant l'invention sont montrés sur les Figures 3 et 5. Le mur, vu en perspective sur la Figure 3, permet de montrer un exemple d'utilisation d'au moins quatre types de blocs prévus par l'invention. ce mur est réalisé, par emboítement des blocs "à joints contrariés". L'assemblage des blocs est en effet réalisé de façon à superposer des rangées horizontales de blocs disposées l'une sur l'autre de façon à ce que les joints verticaux des blocs de construction soient en quinconce et ne forment pas une ligne verticale rectiligne.Examples of constructions made with blocks of construction according to the invention are shown in Figures 3 and 5. The wall, seen in perspective in Figure 3, allows to show an example use of at least four types of blocks provided by the invention. this wall is made, by fitting blocks "with opposed joints". The assembly of the blocks is in fact carried out so as to superimpose horizontal rows of blocks arranged one on top of the other so that the vertical joints of the building blocks are staggered and do not form a straight vertical line.

    Le bloc de construction avec protubérance 4 est donc emboíté de la manière dite "à joints contrariés" dans un bloc de construction 5 et dans un bloc de construction 6. On peut observer que le bloc de construction 4 a une longueur sensiblement égale au double de celle des blocs 5.The building block with protrusion 4 is therefore nested in the so-called "with opposed joints" in a building block 5 and in a building block 6. It can be observed that the building block 4 has a length substantially equal to twice that of blocks 5.

    La rangée de blocs de construction constituant la base du mur est réalisée avec des blocs de construction de l'invention ne comportant pas de protubérance à la base du U évasé 7, ce profil permettant une grande stabilité à la construction ainsi réalisée. Ce type de bloc de construction dont la surface à la base du U évasé est sensiblement plane, permet de résoudre d'autres points particuliers de construction comme cela est montré sur la Figure 5. En effet, le mur montré en perspective sur cette figure décrit les différentes possibilités offertes par les blocs de construction suivant l'invention pour résoudre différents points dans la construction d'un bâtiment dont quelques-uns sont repris ci-dessous.The row of building blocks forming the base of the wall is made with building blocks of the invention does with no protuberance at the base of the flared U 7, this profile allowing great stability to the construction thus produced. This guy of a building block whose surface at the base of the flared U is substantially flat, solves other particular points of construction as shown in Figure 5. Indeed, the wall shown in perspective in this figure describes the different possibilities offered by the building blocks according to the invention to solve different points in the construction of a building some of which are listed below.

    Pour les abouts, des blocs de construction comportant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé 8 sont disposés perpendiculairement par rapport aux blocs adjacents, ce qui permet de fermer l'extrémité des murs. Les blocs adjacents à ces blocs des abouts 8 sont composés de blocs avec protubérance à la base du U évasé, ces blocs ont une longueur L 4 ou L/2 5 et sont superposés alternativement.For the buttocks, building blocks comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U 8 are arranged perpendicular to the adjacent blocks, allowing close the end of the walls. The blocks adjacent to these end blocks 8 are composed of blocks with protuberance at the base of the flared U, these blocks have a length L 4 or L / 2 5 and are stacked alternately.

    Les linteaux de portes ou de fenêtres sont résolus par le placement dans la cavité des blocs de construction 7 d'armatures de fer 9 qui sont noyées dans du mortier pour assurer la solidarisation des blocs adjacents et constituer ainsi des linteaux solides.The door or window lintels are resolved by the placement of iron reinforcement building blocks 7 in the cavity 9 which are embedded in mortar to ensure the joining of adjacent blocks and thus constitute solid lintels.

    Les angles de murs sont réalisés de la même façon que les abouts, en mettant de chaque côté des blocs 8 des blocs 4 et 5 qui sont empilés alternativement ainsi qu'il est montré sur la Figure 5.The wall angles are made in the same way as the butts, by putting on each side of blocks 8 of blocks 4 and 5 which are alternately stacked as shown in Figure 5.

    Ce procédé de construction implique une régularité dimensionnelle du profilé des blocs de construction. Cela est obtenu au niveau de la fabrication des blocs de construction suivant l'invention par un coffrage complet du bloc.This construction process involves dimensional regularity of the building block profile. This is obtained at the level the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention by a complete block formwork.

    Le moulage de ces blocs est donc effectué sur chant avec extrusion du bloc moulé, comme cela est montré sur la Figure 4.The molding of these blocks is therefore carried out on edge with extrusion of the molded block, as shown in Figure 4.

    Dans un même moule, plusieurs séquences de logettes sensiblement en forme de U évasé sont prévues pour pouvoir fabriquer plusieurs blocs à la fois ce qui représente une économie de temps et d'énergie, et par conséquent permet de diminuer sensiblement le coût de production des blocs suivant l'invention. Les différentes séquences de logettes sont disposées à cheval les unes par rapport aux autres ce qui permet d'obtenir plus de blocs en même temps.In the same mold, several sequences of cubicles substantially U-shaped flared are provided to be able to manufacture several blocks at the same time which represents a saving of time and energy, and therefore significantly reduces the cost of production of the blocks according to the invention. The different sequences of cubicles are arranged astride each other which allows you to get more blocks at the same time.

    De préférence, le matériau utilisé pour la fabrication des blocs de construction suivant l'invention est du béton à démoulage instantané (environ 20 secondes), c'est un béton qui est très sec. Les blocs ainsi démoulés sont déposés ensuite dans une étuve pendant 24 heures. D'autres matériaux, telle que la terre cuite par exemple, peuvent être utilisés. Les moules utilisés pour former les blocs de l'invention permettent d'obtenir un grand nombre de blocs de construction à la fois grâce à la disposition des séquences de logettes qui sont disposées à cheval les unes par rapport aux autres et sont donc fortement imbriquées les uns dans les autres. En effet, sont obtenues ainsi des rangées de blocs posés sur le côté transversal alternant avec des rangées de blocs disposées dans l'autre sens de façon à imbriquer deux parois longitudinales de deux blocs adjacents 10, 11 dans la cavité interne d'un troisième bloc 12 comme cela est montré sur la Figure 4.Preferably, the material used for the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention is demold concrete instantaneous (approximately 20 seconds), it is a concrete which is very dry. The blocks thus removed from the mold are then placed in an oven for 24 hours. Other materials, such as terracotta for example, can be used. The molds used to form the blocks of the invention make it possible to obtain a large number of blocks of construction at the same time thanks to the arrangement of cubicle sequences which are arranged astride each other and are therefore strongly nested within each other. Indeed, are obtained thus rows of blocks placed on the transverse side alternating with rows of blocks arranged in the opposite direction so as to nest two longitudinal walls of two adjacent blocks 10, 11 in the cavity internal of a third block 12 as shown in FIG. 4.

    Deux types de moules sont utilisés afin d'obtenir des blocs de construction avec ou sans protubérance à la surface du U évasé, ce qui permet de réduire sensiblement les coûts de production tout en obtenant une excellente finition des blocs de construction ainsi obtenus.Two types of molds are used to obtain blocks construction with or without protuberance on the surface of the flared U, this which significantly reduces production costs while obtaining an excellent finish of the building blocks thus obtained.

    Les Fig. 6a et 6b montrent deux modes de réalisation d'un bloc suivant l'invention qui présentent à la base du U évasé une protubérance comprenant un étage 13 divisé en deux parties sensiblement parallèles l'une par rapport à l'autre et qui s'étendent soit sur sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de la face externe, soit sur toute la longueur de la face externe de la protubérance. Sur cette figure, un trou d'évacuation 14 est prévu qui est disposé dans le fond du bloc à une des extrémités. Figs. 6a and 6b show two embodiments of a block according to the invention which have at the base of the flared U a protuberance comprising a stage 13 divided into two parts substantially parallel to each other and which extend either over substantially half the length of the external face, i.e. over the entire length of the external face of the protuberance. In this figure, a discharge hole 14 is provided which is disposed in the bottom of the block to one of the ends.

    Quand l'étage 13 de la protubérance s'étend sur sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de la protubérance, ce bloc peut être en particulier assemblé avec un bloc plein ayant également un étage 13 sur la moitié de la longueur de la protubérance. Le bloc plein forme un about de mur et il est inséré en quinconce dans un bloc creux.When stage 13 of the protrusion extends over substantially half the length of the protrusion, this block can in particular be assembled with a solid block also having a floor 13 over half the length of the protuberance. The solid block forms a end of wall and it is inserted in staggered rows in a hollow block.

    Les blocs des Figures 6a, 6b et 7 sont utilisés en particulier pour les constructions en maçonnerie apparente.The blocks of Figures 6a, 6b and 7 are used in particular for exposed masonry constructions.

    La Fig. 7 montre un bloc de profil qui comprend une protubérance munie d'un étage 13 sur la moitié de sa longueur. La ligne sensiblement horizontale représentée en pointillé représente le fond du bloc qui est en pente, la partie inférieure de la pente se trouvant à une extrémité du bloc où est disposé un trou d'évacuation 14. Le trou d'évacuation 14 peut être situé à un autre endroit du bloc selon l'utilisation que l'on veut faire du bloc. Si le trou d'évacuation 14 est dans la partie centrale du fond du bloc, le fond du bloc aura une pente descendante vers la partie centrale du bloc de façon à permettre un écoulement naturel de l'eau. Cela évite une stagnation et une augmentation de l'humidité à l'intérieur des murs construits avec ces blocs.Fig. 7 shows a profile block which includes a protuberance provided with a stage 13 over half of its length. Line substantially horizontal shown in dotted lines represents the bottom of the block that is sloping, the lower part of the slope being at a end of the block where there is a discharge hole 14. The hole outlet 14 can be located at another location in the block depending on the use we want to make of the block. If the drain hole 14 is in the central part of the bottom of the block, the bottom of the block will have a slope descending towards the central part of the block so as to allow natural flow of water. This avoids stagnation and increased humidity inside walls built with these blocks.

    La Fig. 8 montre un exemple de joint 15 utilisé en combinaison avec les blocs de l'invention. Son profil correspond au profil latéral d'un bloc avec protubérance mais la largeur du joint 15 est inférieure à la largeur du bloc de façon à obtenir une construction ayant un aspect esthétique satisfaisant. En effet, ces joints 15 sont utilisés pour réaliser des murs en maçonnerie apparente, ils s'insèrent en quinconce dans les blocs creux de l'invention et permettent de compenser les écarts entre les blocs afin d'obtenir une construction d'aspect régulier avec d'excellentes propriétés d'étanchéité à l'eau et à l'air grâce à la présence des joints et à l'assemblage des blocs à l'aide de mortier-colle disposé en particulier sur les arêtes du U évasé des blocs. Cela permet une jonction des blocs tout à fait étanche et sans provoquer de débordement de mortier-colle. La pose est donc rapide, sans étape supplémentaire d'essuyage du surplus de mortier-colle et la finition et les qualités esthétiques de la construction sont excellentes.Fig. 8 shows an example of seal 15 used in combination with the blocks of the invention. His profile matches the profile side of a block with protrusion but the width of the joint 15 is less than the width of the block so as to obtain a construction having a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. Indeed, these seals 15 are used for make exposed masonry walls, they are staggered in the hollow blocks of the invention and make it possible to compensate for the gaps between the blocks in order to obtain a construction of regular appearance with excellent water and air tightness properties thanks to the presence of joints and assembly of blocks using adhesive mortar arranged in particular on the edges of the flared U of the blocks. This allows a completely sealed junction of the blocks without causing adhesive mortar overflow. The installation is therefore quick, without steps additional wiping of excess adhesive mortar and finishing and aesthetic qualities of the construction are excellent.

    Un exemple d'une construction en maçonnerie apparente réalisée avec des blocs de l'invention est montré sur la Fig. 9.An example of an exposed masonry construction made with blocks of the invention is shown in FIG. 9.

    Les caractéristiques physiques des blocs suivant l'invention sont les suivantes:

  • résistance mécanique : 2Mpa - 4Mpa
  • tenue au feu : Rf 1 heure
  • isolation thermique : R = de 0,1 à 0,3 m2 °K / W
  • isolation acoustique : classe IIIa-IIb (normes belges)
  • poids des blocs : 4 et 8,5 Kg
    • The physical characteristics of the blocks according to the invention are as follows:
  • mechanical resistance: 2Mpa - 4Mpa
  • fire resistance: Rf 1 hour
  • thermal insulation: R = 0.1 to 0.3 m 2 ° K / W
  • sound insulation: class IIIa-IIb (Belgian standards)
  • block weight: 4 and 8.5 Kg

    • Claims (21)

    Ensemble d'un premier bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et d'un second bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, lesdits premier et second bloc étant emboítables par tenon et mortaise, caractérisé en ce que chaque bloc comprend une première ouverture en forme de U évasé sur chacun des côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et une seconde ouverture s'étendant sur au moins une partie de la superficie du côté longitudinal, la première et la seconde ouverture se rejoignant dans la partie supérieure du U évasé, au moins une arête formant la jonction entre le côté longitudinal et la partie supérieure des branches du U évasé du premier bloc forme une encoche destinée à recevoir une quantité prédéterminée de mortier-colle et le second bloc comprend au moins une protubérance située à la base du U évasé permettant l'emboítement et le coulissement du bloc de construction, la protubérance du second bloc entrant en contact avec le mortier-colle et participant à l'emboítement du second bloc de construction dans l'ouverture du côté longitudinal du premier bloc de construction.Assembly of a first building block of substantially parallelepiped shape and a second building block of substantially parallelepiped shape, said first and second blocks being interlocking with mortise and tenon, characterized in that each block comprises a first opening in the shape of a flared U on each of the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and a second opening extending over at least part of the surface of the longitudinal side, the first and the second opening joining in the upper part of the flared U, at least an edge forming the junction between the longitudinal side and the upper part of the branches of the flared U of the first block forms a notch intended to receive a predetermined quantity of adhesive mortar and the second block comprises at least one protuberance situated at the base of the flared U allowing the nesting and sliding of the building block, the protu eration of the second block coming into contact with the adhesive mortar and participating in the nesting of the second building block in the opening on the longitudinal side of the first building block. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, ledit ensemble comprenant un troisième bloc, caractérisé en ce que ledit troisième bloc comprend une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et en ce qu'il comprend une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.An assembly according to claim 1, said assembly comprising a third block, characterized in that said third block comprises a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and in that it comprises a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, ledit ensemble comprenant un quatrième bloc, caractérisé en ce que la protubérance comprend un étage s'étendant sous toute la face externe de la protubérance, cet étage présentant un profil en escalier d'une largeur inférieure à la largeur de ladite protubérance de façon à être insérable dans l'ouverture d'un autre bloc de l'ensemble.Assembly according to claim 1, said assembly comprising a fourth block, characterized in that the protuberance comprises a stage extending under the entire external face of the protuberance, this stage having a staircase profile with a width less than the width of said protuberance so as to be insertable into the opening of another block of the assembly. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, ledit ensemble comprend un cinquième bloc, caractérisé en ce que l'étage s'étend sur la moitié de la longueur de la protubérance à la base du bloc.Assembly according to claim 1, said assembly comprises a fifth block, characterized in that the stage extends over half the length of the protuberance at the base of the block. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, ledit ensemble comprenant un sixième bloc, caractérisé en ce que ledit sixième bloc est plein et comprend un étage qui s'étend sur sensiblement la moitié de la longueur de la face exteme de la protubérance.An assembly according to claim 1, said assembly comprising a sixth block, characterized in that said sixth block is solid and comprises a stage which extends over substantially half the length of the outer face of the protuberance. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, ledit ensemble comprenant un septième bloc, caractérisé en ce que ledit septième bloc est plein et comprend un étage qui s'étend sur toute la longueur de la face externe de la protubérance.An assembly according to claim 1, said assembly comprising a seventh block, characterized in that said seventh block is solid and comprises a stage which extends over the entire length of the external face of the protuberance. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, ledit ensemble comprenant un huitième bloc, caractérisé en ce que l'étage de la protubérance comprend deux parties latérales de part et d'autre d'une partie centrale, les parties latérales ayant une épaisseur sensiblement identique et la partie centrale ayant une épaisseur sensiblement égale à celle de la protubérance elle-même et lesdites parties latérales et la partie centrale de l'étage s'étendant longitudinalement jusqu'à environ la moitié de la face externe de la protubérance.An assembly according to claim 1, said assembly comprising an eighth block, characterized in that the stage of the protrusion comprises two lateral parts on either side of a central part, the lateral parts having a substantially identical thickness and the part central having a thickness substantially equal to that of the protuberance itself and said lateral parts and the central part of the stage extending longitudinally to about half of the external face of the protuberance. Ensemble selon la revendication 7, ledit ensemble comprenant un neuvième bloc, caractérisé en ce que les partie latérales et la partie centrale de l'étage s'étendent sur toute la longueur de la face externe de la protubérance.An assembly according to claim 7, said assembly comprising a ninth block, characterized in that the lateral parts and the central part of the stage extend over the entire length of the external face of the protuberance. Bloc de construction de bâtiment en tant que composant de l'ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la protubérance située à la base du U évasé a une épaisseur (hP) au moins sensiblement égale au cinquième de la hauteur (hT) de la paroi longitudinale dudit bloc de construction.Building construction block as a component of the assembly according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the protuberance situated at the base of the flared U has a thickness (h P ) at least substantially equal to one fifth of the height (h T ) of the longitudinal wall of said building block. Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la protubérance a une largeur au moins égale aux deux tiers de la largeur du côté transversal du bloc de construction.Building block as a component of the assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the protrusion has a width at least equal to two thirds of the width of the transverse side of the building block. Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture en U évasé s'étend sur au moins 50 % de la hauteur dudit bloc de construction.Building block as a component of the assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the flared U-shaped opening extends over at least 50% of the height of said building block. Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un trou d'évacuation disposé au fond du bloc à une extrémité dudit bloc, le trou traversant de part en part la base du bloc de la face interne supérieure de la base vers la face externe de la base et la face interne du bloc présentant une pente dont la partie inférieure se trouve au niveau du trou d'évacuation.Building block as a component of the assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a drainage hole arranged at the bottom of the block at one end of said block, the through hole on the part in part the base of the block of the upper internal face of the base towards the external face of the base and the internal face of the block having a slope whose lower part is at the level of the evacuation hole. Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le trou d'évacuation est disposé au centre de la base du bloc, la partie inférieure de la pente de la face interne de la base du bloc se trouvant au niveau dudit trou d'évacuation.Building block as part of the assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the drainage hole is arranged in the center of the base of the block, the lower part of the slope of the internal face of the base of the block located at said drainage hole. Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du bloc est sensiblement égale à deux fois sa largeur et ladite longueur est aussi sensiblement égale à deux fois la hauteur du bloc.Building block as a component of the assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the block is substantially equal to twice its width and said length is also substantially equal to twice the height of the block . Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du bloc est sensiblement égale à sa largeur et à sa hauteur.Building block as a component of the assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the block is substantially equal to its width and to its height. Bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un matériau choisi parmi le béton et la terre cuite.Building block as a component of the assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of a material chosen from concrete and terracotta. Bloc de construction selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il est composé préférentiellement de béton à démoulage instantané.Building block according to claim 16, characterized in that it is preferably composed of instant demoulding concrete. Joint pour bloc de construction en tant que composant de l'ensemble selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé à être disposé entre deux blocs de l'ensemble selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, le profil du joint étant calqué sur le profil latéral des blocs entre lesquels il est disposé, la largeur dudit joint étant inférieure à celle du profil latéral des blocs entre lesquels il est disposé, ledit joint étant ainsi agencé à s'insérer dans l'ouverture d'un autre bloc disposé en quinconce sous les deux blocs.Joint for building block as a component of the assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged to be disposed between two blocks of the assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the profile of the joint being traced on the lateral profile of the blocks between which it is arranged, the width of said joint being less than that of the lateral profile of the blocks between which it is disposed, said joint being thus arranged to be inserted in the opening of a another block staggered under the two blocks. Joint selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est dans une matière élastique choisie parmi le polystyrène et le Néoprène®.Joint according to claim 18, characterized in that it is made of an elastic material chosen from polystyrene and Neoprene®. Moule pour la formation d'au moins deux blocs de construction de bâtiment, caractérisé en ce que le moule comprend au moins une première séquence de logettes et au moins une deuxième séquence de logettes sensiblement en forme de U et disposées de façon à ce que la première séquence de logettes et la deuxième séquence de logettes soient disposées à cheval l'une par rapport à l'autre.Mold for the formation of at least two building construction blocks, characterized in that the mold comprises at least a first sequence of cubicles and at least a second sequence of cubicles substantially in the form of a U and arranged so that the first sequence of cubicles and the second sequence of cubicles are arranged in relation to one another. Utilisation du moule suivant la revendication 20, pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment en tant que composant de l'ensemble suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8.Use of the mold according to claim 20 for forming building building blocks as a component of the assembly according to one of claims 1 to 8.
    EP01870162A 2000-07-20 2001-07-19 Set of building blocks and method of manufacture Withdrawn EP1174233A1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP01870162A EP1174233A1 (en) 2000-07-20 2001-07-19 Set of building blocks and method of manufacture

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP00870167 2000-07-20
    EP00870167A EP1174232A1 (en) 2000-07-20 2000-07-20 Building block and manufacture therof
    EP01870162A EP1174233A1 (en) 2000-07-20 2001-07-19 Set of building blocks and method of manufacture

    Publications (1)

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    EP1174233A1 true EP1174233A1 (en) 2002-01-23

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    Cited By (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2839096A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-31 Francois Bedos Construction block has two vertical lateral right triangle shaped faces, lower face and inclined upper face, and cavities discharging on one lateral face
    FR3053370A1 (en) * 2016-07-02 2018-01-05 Michel Balmet BLOCK ASSEMBLY FOR CONSTRUCTION
    FR3082539A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-20 Michel Balmet SET OF MONOBLOCK MODULES FOR CONSTRUCTION

    Citations (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR1024694A (en) * 1950-09-19 1953-04-03 prefabricated elements for construction
    FR1093922A (en) * 1954-02-26 1955-05-10 prefabricated elements for the construction of walls and partitions, and method of using these elements
    FR2050218A7 (en) * 1969-07-03 1971-04-02 Dussel Christian
    DE3344519A1 (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-06-20 Siegfried 7858 Weil Geitlinger Process and device for producing building blocks of expandable material in a multi-cavity mould
    DE3921777A1 (en) * 1989-03-16 1990-10-04 Irbit Research & Consulting Ag Foam sealing strip for building joints - has open-cell foam strip covered by foil of U-shaped cross-section, with one shank coupled to strip

    Patent Citations (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR1024694A (en) * 1950-09-19 1953-04-03 prefabricated elements for construction
    FR1093922A (en) * 1954-02-26 1955-05-10 prefabricated elements for the construction of walls and partitions, and method of using these elements
    FR2050218A7 (en) * 1969-07-03 1971-04-02 Dussel Christian
    DE3344519A1 (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-06-20 Siegfried 7858 Weil Geitlinger Process and device for producing building blocks of expandable material in a multi-cavity mould
    DE3921777A1 (en) * 1989-03-16 1990-10-04 Irbit Research & Consulting Ag Foam sealing strip for building joints - has open-cell foam strip covered by foil of U-shaped cross-section, with one shank coupled to strip

    Cited By (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2839096A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-31 Francois Bedos Construction block has two vertical lateral right triangle shaped faces, lower face and inclined upper face, and cavities discharging on one lateral face
    FR3053370A1 (en) * 2016-07-02 2018-01-05 Michel Balmet BLOCK ASSEMBLY FOR CONSTRUCTION
    FR3082539A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-20 Michel Balmet SET OF MONOBLOCK MODULES FOR CONSTRUCTION

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