EP1174232A1 - Building block and manufacture therof - Google Patents

Building block and manufacture therof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1174232A1
EP1174232A1 EP00870167A EP00870167A EP1174232A1 EP 1174232 A1 EP1174232 A1 EP 1174232A1 EP 00870167 A EP00870167 A EP 00870167A EP 00870167 A EP00870167 A EP 00870167A EP 1174232 A1 EP1174232 A1 EP 1174232A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flared
blocks
building
block
building block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00870167A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
J.D. Huberty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprises Roosens Services sca
Original Assignee
Entreprises Roosens Services sca
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entreprises Roosens Services sca filed Critical Entreprises Roosens Services sca
Priority to EP00870167A priority Critical patent/EP1174232A1/en
Priority to EP01870162A priority patent/EP1174233A1/en
Priority to US09/909,127 priority patent/US20020038532A1/en
Publication of EP1174232A1 publication Critical patent/EP1174232A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/24—Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building block of building of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise.
  • blocks In the construction field there are so-called blocks "traditional” which are joined together by a bed of mortar and blocks which are dry assembled together by tenon-mortise bonding and are then filled with a mortar grout. Building blocks generally having an internal cavity for receiving the mortar which secures the blocks together to form a wall, for example.
  • British patent application GB 2,091,775 A describes a building block whose shape allows interlocking provided seal the blocks together with a usual amount of mortar. The constructions carried out in this way will therefore have a cost equivalent to those made with so-called "traditional" blocks.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain a building block building whose design allows construction by interlocking, which is easier to perform and requires very little mortar, in particular adhesive mortar, without affecting the solidity of the construction carried out.
  • This block is assimilated to the so-called blocks "hollow” because the hollowed out part of the block according to the present invention represents more than 10% of the volume of this block.
  • the constructions made with the block according to the invention also have a lower cost compared to constructions traditional while presenting a better quality, both in terms of the solidity of the buildings at the level of the finish.
  • a building block following construction the invention is provided, of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise, including a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and one longitudinal side open whose opening at least partially forms the part upper of the flared U and including a protuberance located at the base flared U, said protuberance allowing the nesting and sliding of the building block in the opening on the longitudinal side another building block to form an assembly of at least minus two building blocks.
  • the building block according to the present invention thanks to its geometric shape, allows for assemblies precise and stable of at least two blocks.
  • the assembly of the blocks according to the invention can be carried out for the realization of a building by superimposing horizontal rows of blocks arranged so that the vertical joints of the blocks construction are staggered.
  • This embodiment allows to use this type of block at the base of constructions, their large stability being ensured by the substantially flat surface being in contact with the ground. The ends are also produced with this type of block.
  • An advantage of the present invention is the shape of the block of construction according to the invention, the flared U opening of which represents at least 50% of the height of the block.
  • This shape makes it possible to have a hollow block which allows a stable and precise fitting with at least one other block of the same type. It is also possible to place reinforcements inside the blocks to form lintels or for returns. he is also possible to place cables or pipes inside these blocks, the internal space formed by the flared U-shaped opening being sufficiently great for that.
  • Another advantage of the building block according to the invention is that, when it has a protuberance at the base of the flared U, this protuberance has a thickness (h P ) at least substantially equal to one fifth of the height (h T ) of the longitudinal wall of said building block.
  • One embodiment of the invention is a block of construction comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the U flared. This particular form is used at the base of the walls and for abouts.
  • a building block according to the invention fits together by tenon and mortise with at least one other building block, grip blocks being obtained by adding a small amount of adhesive mortar placed on the upper part of the branches of the flared U, the positioning of the blocks then spreading the adhesive mortar on the entire contact surface between the blocks without causing overflow at the joints.
  • An additional advantage of the present invention is to provide a building block whose length is substantially equal to twice its width and substantially equal to twice its height. According to the invention, a block is also provided, the length of which is substantially equal to its width and its height.
  • the present invention also relates to a set of at least two building blocks substantially rectangular, nestable by tenon and mortise, comprising blocks with a flared U-shaped opening on the sides transverse of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U, and having a protuberance located at the base of the flared U and at least one second block including a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U, and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the U, a part of the blocks including a protuberance located at the base of the U flared and another part of the blocks comprising a substantially surface hovers at the base of the flared U.
  • the present invention also relates to a mold for the formation of at least two building construction blocks comprising at least a first sequence of cubicles substantially in U-shaped and at least a second sequence of cubicles substantially U-shaped, arranged so that the first cubicle sequence and the second cubicle sequence are arranged on horseback in relation to each other.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a mold to form building blocks of substantially shaped shape parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said block including a flared U-shaped opening on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and including a protrusion located at the base of the flared U.
  • the invention relates to the use of the mold described above to form shape building building blocks substantially parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said blocks comprising a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which said blocks comprising a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U.
  • the use of these types of mold makes it possible to manufacture a large number of blocks using only two types of molds.
  • the first type of mold is used to form the blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal twice the width I and twice the height h.
  • the second type of mold is used to form blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal to the width I and to the height h of the block.
  • Each mold can be used to form several blocks at a time. Indeed, the blocks having flared U-shaped openings on the transverse sides, it is possible to nest them vertically. This edge-to-edge manufacturing process is rapid and of moderate cost, since a large number of blocks can be produced at the same time and with a significant yield.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section of a block of construction according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 a, b, c shows in cross section with break, the interlocking of two building blocks according to the invention with the installation of a small amount of adhesive mortar which spreads over the contact surface between the blocks without overflowing.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view with broken of an embodiment of a wall with blocks according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view with broken of an example of construction made with blocks according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a building block according to the invention is shown in cross section.
  • the building block shown includes a flared U-shaped opening on the sides transverse of the block and this opening extends, in one embodiment preferred, over about 70% of the depth of the block, which allows fill the cavity thus formed with mortar.
  • the preferred proportions of a building block according to the present invention are as follows: the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its width. Likewise, the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its height.
  • the protuberance provided at the base of the U flared to a thickness sufficient to allow a stable nesting with another building block of the invention, for example, this protuberance has a thickness representing approximately two thirds of the thickness of a building block wall.
  • Figure 2 shows in cross section how two blocks 1, 2 according to the invention are nestable.
  • the first step (Fig. 2a) consists of adding, at the upper corner, the branches of the flared U of a block, of a small quantity of adhesive mortar 3.
  • Figure 2b shows that a second block 1 is then fitted onto the first 2. This has the effect, due to the pressure exerted by the second block on the first, to allow the adhesive mortar 3 to extend over the entire surface of contact between the blocks at the time of nesting as is shown in Figure 2c.
  • a flange is provided on the corner external superior of the branches of the flared U. This rim constitutes a stop which allows the adhesive to be contained in a cavity which is created by this ledge, between the two blocks to be assembled.
  • Figure 2c also shows the nesting and sealing of the blocks completely carried out optimally with a minimum quantity of adhesive mortar. This process saves material by ensuring a solid and precise fitting of the blocks of construction between them, moreover, there is no overflow of adhesive mortar to the outside, which ensures a very clean finish.
  • FIGs 3 and 5 Examples of constructions made with building blocks according to the invention are shown in Figures 3 and 5.
  • the wall seen in perspective in Figure 3, shows an example of the use of at least four types of blocks provided for by the invention. This wall is made by nesting blocks "with opposed joints". The assembly of the blocks is in fact carried out so as to superimpose horizontal rows of blocks arranged one on the other so that the vertical joints of the building blocks are staggered and do not form a straight vertical line.
  • building block 4 has a length substantially equal to twice that of blocks 5.
  • the row of building blocks forming the base of the wall is made with building blocks of the invention does with no protuberance at the base of the flared U 7, this profile allowing great stability to the construction thus produced.
  • This guy of a building block whose surface at the base of the flared U is substantially flat solves other particular points of construction as shown in Figure 5. Indeed, the wall shown in perspective in this figure describes the different possibilities offered by the building blocks according to the invention to solve different points in the construction of a building some of which are listed below.
  • building blocks comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U 8 are arranged perpendicular to the adjacent blocks, allowing close the end of the walls.
  • the blocks adjacent to these end blocks 8 are composed of blocks with protuberance at the base of the flared U, these blocks have a length L 4 or L / 2 5 and are stacked alternately.
  • the door or window lintels are resolved by the placement of iron reinforcement building blocks 7 in the cavity 9 which are embedded in mortar to ensure the joining of adjacent blocks and thus constitute solid lintels.
  • the wall angles are made in the same way as the butts, by putting on each side of blocks 8 of blocks 4 and 5 which are alternately stacked as shown in Figure 5.
  • This construction process involves dimensional regularity of the building block profile. This is obtained at the level the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention by a complete block formwork.
  • the material used for the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention is demold concrete instantaneous (approximately 20 seconds), it is a concrete which is very dry.
  • the blocks thus removed from the mold are then placed in an oven for 24 hours.
  • Other materials, such as terracotta for example, can be used.
  • the molds used to form the blocks of the invention make it possible to obtain a large number of blocks of construction at the same time thanks to the arrangement of cubicle sequences which are arranged astride each other and are therefore strongly nested within each other. Indeed, are obtained thus rows of blocks placed on the transverse side alternating with rows of blocks arranged in the opposite direction so as to nest two longitudinal walls of two adjacent blocks 10, 11 in the cavity internal of a third block 12 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Two types of molds are used to obtain blocks construction with or without protuberance on the surface of the flared U, this which significantly reduces production costs while obtaining an excellent finish of the building blocks thus obtained.

Abstract

The block comprises a U-shaped widened opening in the transverse sides and a longitudinal side opening which forms the upper part of the widened U. A protuberance located at the base of the U enables the fitting and sliding of the construction block in the longitudinal side opening of another block to form an assembly of at least two construction blocks. An Independent claim is included for a mold for making the blocks.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise.The present invention relates to a building block of building of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise.

Dans le domaine de la construction il existe des blocs dits "traditionnels" qui sont assemblés entre eux par un lit de mortier et des blocs qui sont assemblés entre eux à sec par collage tenon-mortaise et sont ensuite remplis avec un coulis de mortier. Les blocs de construction présentant généralement une cavité intérieure pour recevoir le mortier qui solidarise les blocs entre eux afin de constituer un mur, par exemple.In the construction field there are so-called blocks "traditional" which are joined together by a bed of mortar and blocks which are dry assembled together by tenon-mortise bonding and are then filled with a mortar grout. Building blocks generally having an internal cavity for receiving the mortar which secures the blocks together to form a wall, for example.

Il est important sur un chantier d'obtenir des bâtiments solides, répondant à des normes de sécurité strictes tout en ayant un coût acceptable, tant pour la fabrication des blocs de construction que pour leur pose. Pour ce faire, la conception des blocs de construction de bâtiments est un élément majeur. Cependant, il est difficile d'obtenir des blocs qui soient à la fois faciles à emboíter, utilisant peu de mortier et d'un coût de fabrication modéré, et présentant une finition de bonne qualité.It is important on a construction site to obtain buildings solid, meeting strict safety standards while having a acceptable cost, both for the manufacture of building blocks and for their pose. To do this, the design of the building blocks of buildings is a major element. However, it is difficult to obtain blocks that are both easy to interlock, using little mortar and a moderate manufacturing cost, and having a good finish quality.

Les normes qui sont en particulier prises en considération sont pour la maçonnerie la norme belge NBN B24-001 et pour les blocs de construction la norme belge NBN B21-001.The standards which are particularly taken into consideration are for masonry the Belgian standard NBN B24-001 and for blocks the Belgian standard NBN B21-001.

La demande de brevet britannique GB 2 091 775 A décrit un bloc de construction dont la forme permet un emboítement à condition de sceller les blocs entre eux avec une quantité habituelle de mortier. Les constructions réalisées ainsi auront donc un coût équivalent à celles réalisées avec des blocs dits "traditionnels".British patent application GB 2,091,775 A describes a building block whose shape allows interlocking provided seal the blocks together with a usual amount of mortar. The constructions carried out in this way will therefore have a cost equivalent to those made with so-called "traditional" blocks.

La présente invention a pour but d'obtenir un bloc de construction de bâtiment dont la conception permette une construction par emboítement, qui est plus facile à réaliser et nécessitant très peu de mortier, en particulier de mortier-colle, sans pour autant porter atteinte à la solidité de la construction réalisée. Ce bloc est assimilé aux blocs dits "creux" car la partie évidée du bloc suivant la présente invention représente plus de 10% du volume de ce bloc.The object of the present invention is to obtain a building block building whose design allows construction by interlocking, which is easier to perform and requires very little mortar, in particular adhesive mortar, without affecting the solidity of the construction carried out. This block is assimilated to the so-called blocks "hollow" because the hollowed out part of the block according to the present invention represents more than 10% of the volume of this block.

Les constructions réalisées avec le bloc suivant l'invention ont également un coût moindre par rapport aux constructions traditionnelles tout en présentant une meilleure qualité, tant au niveau de la solidité des bâtiments qu'au niveau de la finition.The constructions made with the block according to the invention also have a lower cost compared to constructions traditional while presenting a better quality, both in terms of the solidity of the buildings at the level of the finish.

A cette fin, un bloc de construction de bâtiment suivant l'invention est prévu, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise, comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une protubérance située à la base du U évasé, ladite protubérance permettant l'emboítement et le coulissement du bloc de construction dans l'ouverture du côté longitudinal d'un autre bloc de construction pour former un assemblage d'au moins deux blocs de construction.To this end, a building block following construction the invention is provided, of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise, including a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and one longitudinal side open whose opening at least partially forms the part upper of the flared U and including a protuberance located at the base flared U, said protuberance allowing the nesting and sliding of the building block in the opening on the longitudinal side another building block to form an assembly of at least minus two building blocks.

En effet, le bloc de construction suivant la présente invention, grâce à sa forme géométrique, permet de réaliser des assemblages précis et stables d'au moins deux blocs. La protubérance à la base du U évasé d'un premier bloc s'emboítant avec précision dans la cavité formée par la partie supérieure du U évasé d'un deuxième bloc. L'assemblage des blocs suivant l'invention peut être réalisé pour la réalisation d'un édifice en superposant des rangées horizontales de blocs disposées de façon à ce que les joints verticaux des blocs de construction soient en quinconce.Indeed, the building block according to the present invention, thanks to its geometric shape, allows for assemblies precise and stable of at least two blocks. The protuberance at the base of the U flared from a first block fitting precisely into the cavity formed by the upper part of the flared U of a second block. The assembly of the blocks according to the invention can be carried out for the realization of a building by superimposing horizontal rows of blocks arranged so that the vertical joints of the blocks construction are staggered.

Ce type de constructions dans lequel les blocs sont disposés de façon à avoir les joints verticaux des blocs en quinconce est dit "à joints contrariés".This type of construction in which the blocks are arranged so as to have the vertical joints of the staggered blocks is says "with upset joints".

Une autre forme de réalisation d'un bloc de construction suivant l'invention consiste en un bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise, caractérisé en ce que ledit bloc comprend une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et en ce qu'il comprend une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé. Cette forme de réalisation permet d'utiliser ce type de blocs à la base des constructions, leur grande stabilité étant assurée par la surface sensiblement plane étant en contact avec le sol. Les abouts sont également réalisés avec ce type de blocs.Another embodiment of a building block according to the invention consists of a building construction block of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise, characterized in that said block comprises an opening in U-shaped flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and a longitudinal side open whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and in that it comprises a substantially surface hovers at the base of the flared U. This embodiment allows to use this type of block at the base of constructions, their large stability being ensured by the substantially flat surface being in contact with the ground. The ends are also produced with this type of block.

Un avantage de la présente invention est la forme du bloc de construction suivant l'invention, dont l'ouverture en U évasé représente au moins 50% de la hauteur du bloc.An advantage of the present invention is the shape of the block of construction according to the invention, the flared U opening of which represents at least 50% of the height of the block.

Cette forme permet en effet d'avoir un bloc creux qui permet un emboítement stable et précis avec au moins un autre bloc du même type. Il est aussi possible de placer des armatures à l'intérieur des blocs pour former des linteaux ou pour les retours. Il est également possible de placer des câbles ou des tuyaux à l'intérieur de ces blocs, l'espace interne formé par l'ouverture en U évasé étant suffisamment grand pour cela.This shape makes it possible to have a hollow block which allows a stable and precise fitting with at least one other block of the same type. It is also possible to place reinforcements inside the blocks to form lintels or for returns. he is also possible to place cables or pipes inside these blocks, the internal space formed by the flared U-shaped opening being sufficiently great for that.

Un autre avantage du bloc de construction suivant l'invention est que, quand celui-ci présente une protubérance à la base du U évasé, cette protubérance a une épaisseur (hP) au moins sensiblement égale au cinquième de la hauteur (hT) de la paroi longitudinale dudit bloc de construction.Another advantage of the building block according to the invention is that, when it has a protuberance at the base of the flared U, this protuberance has a thickness (h P ) at least substantially equal to one fifth of the height (h T ) of the longitudinal wall of said building block.

Une forme de réalisation de l'invention est un bloc de construction comprenant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé. Cette forme particulière est utilisée à la base des murs et pour les abouts.One embodiment of the invention is a block of construction comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the U flared. This particular form is used at the base of the walls and for abouts.

Un bloc de construction suivant l'invention s'emboíte par tenon et mortaise avec au moins un autre bloc de construction, l'adhérence des blocs étant obtenue par l'ajout d'une petite quantité de mortier-colle posée à la partie supérieure des branches du U évasé, le positionnement des blocs permettant ensuite d'étaler le mortier-colle sur toute la surface de contact entre les blocs sans provoquer de débordement au niveau des joints.A building block according to the invention fits together by tenon and mortise with at least one other building block, grip blocks being obtained by adding a small amount of adhesive mortar placed on the upper part of the branches of the flared U, the positioning of the blocks then spreading the adhesive mortar on the entire contact surface between the blocks without causing overflow at the joints.

Un avantage supplémentaire de la présente invention est de prévoir un bloc de construction dont la longueur soit sensiblement égale à deux fois sa largeur et sensiblement égale à deux fois sa hauteur. Il est aussi prévu, suivant l'invention, un bloc dont la longueur est sensiblement égale à sa largeur et à sa hauteur.An additional advantage of the present invention is to provide a building block whose length is substantially equal to twice its width and substantially equal to twice its height. According to the invention, a block is also provided, the length of which is substantially equal to its width and its height.

La présente invention se rapporte également à un ensemble d'au moins deux blocs de construction de bâtiment sensiblement parallélépipédiques, emboítables par tenon et mortaise, comprenant des blocs avec une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé, et ayant une protubérance située à la base du U évasé et au moins un deuxième bloc comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé, et comprenant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U, une partie des blocs comprenant une protubérance située à la base du U évasé et une autre partie des blocs comprenant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.The present invention also relates to a set of at least two building blocks substantially rectangular, nestable by tenon and mortise, comprising blocks with a flared U-shaped opening on the sides transverse of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U, and having a protuberance located at the base of the flared U and at least one second block including a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U, and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the U, a part of the blocks including a protuberance located at the base of the U flared and another part of the blocks comprising a substantially surface hovers at the base of the flared U.

Ce type d'ensemble permet de n'utiliser qu'une faible quantité de mortier-colle pour solidariser les blocs verticalement tout en obtenant une excellente solidité de la construction. De plus, les blocs suivant l'invention qui comprennent une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé, permettent de résoudre les angles droits, les linteaux, les abouts.This type of assembly allows to use only a small quantity adhesive mortar to secure the blocks vertically while obtaining an excellent solidity of construction. In addition, the blocks according to the invention which comprise a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U, allow to solve the right angles, the lintels, the ends.

La présente invention concerne également un moule pour la formation d'au moins deux blocs de construction de bâtiment comprenant au moins une première séquence de logettes sensiblement en forme de U et au moins une deuxième séquence de logettes sensiblement en forme de U, disposées de façon à ce que la première séquence de logettes et la deuxième séquence de logettes soient disposées à cheval l'une par rapport à l'autre.The present invention also relates to a mold for the formation of at least two building construction blocks comprising at least a first sequence of cubicles substantially in U-shaped and at least a second sequence of cubicles substantially U-shaped, arranged so that the first cubicle sequence and the second cubicle sequence are arranged on horseback in relation to each other.

L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un tel moule pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise, ledit bloc comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une protubérance située à la base du U évasé.The invention also relates to the use of such a mold to form building blocks of substantially shaped shape parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said block including a flared U-shaped opening on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and including a protrusion located at the base of the flared U.

L'invention concerne l'utilisation du moule décrit ci-dessus pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítables par tenon et mortaise, lesdits blocs comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont lesdits blocs comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.The invention relates to the use of the mold described above to form shape building building blocks substantially parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said blocks comprising a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which said blocks comprising a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side of which the opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U.

L'utilisation de ces types de moule permet de fabriquer un grand nombre de blocs en utilisant seulement deux types de moules. Le premier type de moule est utilisé pour former les blocs avec ou sans protubérance pour lesquels la longueur L du bloc est sensiblement égale à deux fois la largeur I et deux fois la hauteur h. Le deuxième type de moule est utilisé pour former les blocs avec ou sans protubérance pour lesquels la longueur L du bloc est sensiblement égale à la largeur I et à la hauteur h du bloc. Chaque moule peut servir à former plusieurs blocs à la fois. En effet, les blocs ayant des ouvertures en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux, il est possible de les imbriquer verticalement. Ce procédé de fabrication sur chant est rapide et d'un coût modéré, puisqu'un grand nombre de blocs peuvent être fabriqués en même temps et avec un rendement important.The use of these types of mold makes it possible to manufacture a large number of blocks using only two types of molds. The first type of mold is used to form the blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal twice the width I and twice the height h. The second type of mold is used to form blocks with or without protuberance for which the length L of the block is substantially equal to the width I and to the height h of the block. Each mold can be used to form several blocks at a time. Indeed, the blocks having flared U-shaped openings on the transverse sides, it is possible to nest them vertically. This edge-to-edge manufacturing process is rapid and of moderate cost, since a large number of blocks can be produced at the same time and with a significant yield.

Des détails concernant l'invention sont décrits ci-après faisant référence aux dessins qui illustrent une forme de réalisation de l'invention.Details of the invention are described below referring to the drawings which illustrate an embodiment of the invention.

La Figure 1 montre une coupe transversale d'un bloc de construction suivant l'invention.Figure 1 shows a cross section of a block of construction according to the invention.

La Figure 2 a, b, c, montre en coupe transversale avec brisure, l'emboítement de deux blocs de construction suivant l'invention avec la pose d'une petite quantité de mortier-colle qui s'étale sur la surface de contact entre les blocs sans déborder.Figure 2 a, b, c, shows in cross section with break, the interlocking of two building blocks according to the invention with the installation of a small amount of adhesive mortar which spreads over the contact surface between the blocks without overflowing.

La Figure 3 montre une vue en perspective avec brisure d'un mode de réalisation d'un mur avec des blocs suivant l'invention. Figure 3 shows a perspective view with broken of an embodiment of a wall with blocks according to the invention.

La Figure 5 montre une vue en perspective avec brisure d'un exemple de construction réalisé avec des blocs suivant l'invention.Figure 5 shows a perspective view with broken of an example of construction made with blocks according to the invention.

La présente invention prévoit donc au moins quatre types de blocs :

  • un premier et un deuxième type de blocs comportant une protubérance à la base du U évasé, le premier bloc ayant une longueur L et le deuxième bloc ayant une longueur L/2;
  • un troisième et un quatrième type de blocs sans protubérance à la base du U évasé, le troisième ayant une longueur L et le quatrième ayant une longueur L/2.
    • The present invention therefore provides at least four types of blocks:
  • first and second type of blocks comprising a protuberance at the base of the flared U, the first block having a length L and the second block having a length L / 2;
  • a third and a fourth type of blocks without protuberance at the base of the flared U, the third having a length L and the fourth having a length L / 2.

    • Selon la Figure 1, un exemple d'un bloc de construction suivant l'invention est montré en coupe transversale. Le bloc de construction représenté comprend une ouverture en U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du bloc et cette ouverture s'étend, dans un mode de réalisation préféré, sur environ 70% de la profondeur du bloc, ce qui permet de remplir la cavité ainsi formée avec du mortier.According to Figure 1, an example of a building block according to the invention is shown in cross section. The building block shown includes a flared U-shaped opening on the sides transverse of the block and this opening extends, in one embodiment preferred, over about 70% of the depth of the block, which allows fill the cavity thus formed with mortar.

    Les proportions préférentielles d'un bloc de construction suivant la présente invention sont les suivantes : la longueur d'un bloc est sensiblement égale au double de sa largeur. De même, la longueur d'un bloc est sensiblement égale au double de sa hauteur. Un exemple de dimensions est une longueur L = 30 cm, une largeur I = 15 cm et une hauteur H = 15 cm.The preferred proportions of a building block according to the present invention are as follows: the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its width. Likewise, the length of a block is substantially equal to twice its height. An example of dimensions is a length L = 30 cm, a width I = 15 cm and a height H = 15 cm.

    Préférentiellement, la protubérance prévue à la base du U évasé a une épaisseur suffisante pour permettre un emboítement stable avec un autre bloc de construction de l'invention, par exemple, cette protubérance a une épaisseur représentant environ deux tiers de l'épaisseur d'une paroi du bloc de construction. Preferably, the protuberance provided at the base of the U flared to a thickness sufficient to allow a stable nesting with another building block of the invention, for example, this protuberance has a thickness representing approximately two thirds of the thickness of a building block wall.

    La Figure 2 montre en coupe transversale comment deux blocs 1, 2 suivant l'invention sont emboítables. La première étape (Fig.2a) consiste en l'ajout, à l'angle supérieur des branches du U évasé d'un bloc ,d'une petite quantité de mortier-colle 3. La Figure 2b montre qu'un deuxième bloc 1 est ensuite emboíté sur le premier 2. Cela a pour effet, en raison de la pression exercée par le deuxième bloc sur le premier, de permettre au mortier-colle 3 de s'étendre sur toute la surface de contact entre les blocs au moment de l'emboítement comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 2c. De plus, un rebord est prévu sur l'angle supérieur externe des branches du U évasé. Ce rebord constitue un arrêt qui permet de contenir le mortier-colle dans une cavité qui est créée par ce rebord, entre les deux blocs à assembler. Cela empêche donc que le mortier-colle ne déborde les deux blocs après leur assemblage. La Figure 2c montre également l'emboítement et le scellement des blocs complètement réalisé de façon optimale avec une quantité minimale de mortier-colle. Ce procédé permet une économie de matériau en assurant un emboítement solide et précis des blocs de construction entre eux, de plus, il n'y a pas de débordement de mortier-colle vers l'extérieur, ce qui assure une finition très nette.Figure 2 shows in cross section how two blocks 1, 2 according to the invention are nestable. The first step (Fig. 2a) consists of adding, at the upper corner, the branches of the flared U of a block, of a small quantity of adhesive mortar 3. Figure 2b shows that a second block 1 is then fitted onto the first 2. This has the effect, due to the pressure exerted by the second block on the first, to allow the adhesive mortar 3 to extend over the entire surface of contact between the blocks at the time of nesting as is shown in Figure 2c. In addition, a flange is provided on the corner external superior of the branches of the flared U. This rim constitutes a stop which allows the adhesive to be contained in a cavity which is created by this ledge, between the two blocks to be assembled. This prevents so that the adhesive mortar does not overflow the two blocks after their assembly. Figure 2c also shows the nesting and sealing of the blocks completely carried out optimally with a minimum quantity of adhesive mortar. This process saves material by ensuring a solid and precise fitting of the blocks of construction between them, moreover, there is no overflow of adhesive mortar to the outside, which ensures a very clean finish.

    Des exemples de constructions réalisées avec des blocs de construction suivant l'invention sont montrés sur les Figures 3 et 5. Le mur, vu en perspective sur la Figure 3, permet de montrer un exemple d'utilisation d'au moins quatre types de blocs prévus par l'invention. ce mur est réalisé, par emboítement des blocs "à joints contrariés". L'assemblage des blocs est en effet réalisé de façon à superposer des rangées horizontales de blocs disposées l'une sur l'autre de façon à ce que les joints verticaux des blocs de construction soient en quinconce et ne forment pas une ligne verticale rectiligne.
    bloc de construction 4 a une longueur sensiblement égale au double de celle des blocs 5.    Examples of constructions made with building blocks according to the invention are shown in Figures 3 and 5. The wall, seen in perspective in Figure 3, shows an example of the use of at least four types of blocks provided for by the invention. this wall is made by nesting blocks "with opposed joints". The assembly of the blocks is in fact carried out so as to superimpose horizontal rows of blocks arranged one on the other so that the vertical joints of the building blocks are staggered and do not form a straight vertical line.
    building block 4 has a length substantially equal to twice that of blocks 5.

    La rangée de blocs de construction constituant la base du mur est réalisée avec des blocs de construction de l'invention ne comportant pas de protubérance à la base du U évasé 7, ce profil permettant une grande stabilité à la construction ainsi réalisée. Ce type de bloc de construction dont la surface à la base du U évasé est sensiblement plane, permet de résoudre d'autres points particuliers de construction comme cela est montré sur la Figure 5. En effet, le mur montré en perspective sur cette figure décrit les différentes possibilités offertes par les blocs de construction suivant l'invention pour résoudre différents points dans la construction d'un bâtiment dont quelques-uns sont repris ci-dessous.The row of building blocks forming the base of the wall is made with building blocks of the invention does with no protuberance at the base of the flared U 7, this profile allowing great stability to the construction thus produced. This guy of a building block whose surface at the base of the flared U is substantially flat, solves other particular points of construction as shown in Figure 5. Indeed, the wall shown in perspective in this figure describes the different possibilities offered by the building blocks according to the invention to solve different points in the construction of a building some of which are listed below.

    Pour les abouts, des blocs de construction comportant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé 8 sont disposés perpendiculairement par rapport aux blocs adjacents, ce qui permet de fermer l'extrémité des murs. Les blocs adjacents à ces blocs des abouts 8 sont composés de blocs avec protubérance à la base du U évasé, ces blocs ont une longueur L 4 ou L/2 5 et sont superposés alternativement.For the buttocks, building blocks comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U 8 are arranged perpendicular to the adjacent blocks, allowing close the end of the walls. The blocks adjacent to these end blocks 8 are composed of blocks with protuberance at the base of the flared U, these blocks have a length L 4 or L / 2 5 and are stacked alternately.

    Les linteaux de portes ou de fenêtres sont résolus par le placement dans la cavité des blocs de construction 7 d'armatures de fer 9 qui sont noyées dans du mortier pour assurer la solidarisation des blocs adjacents et constituer ainsi des linteaux solides.The door or window lintels are resolved by the placement of iron reinforcement building blocks 7 in the cavity 9 which are embedded in mortar to ensure the joining of adjacent blocks and thus constitute solid lintels.

    Les angles de murs sont réalisés de la même façon que les abouts, en mettant de chaque côté des blocs 8 des blocs 4 et 5 qui sont empilés alternativement ainsi qu'il est montré sur la Figure 5.The wall angles are made in the same way as the butts, by putting on each side of blocks 8 of blocks 4 and 5 which are alternately stacked as shown in Figure 5.

    Ce procédé de construction implique une régularité dimensionnelle du profilé des blocs de construction. Cela est obtenu au niveau de la fabrication des blocs de construction suivant l'invention par un coffrage complet du bloc.This construction process involves dimensional regularity of the building block profile. This is obtained at the level the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention by a complete block formwork.

    Le moulage de ces blocs est donc effectué sur chant avec extrusion du bloc moulé, comme cela est montré sur la Figure 4.The molding of these blocks is therefore carried out on edge with extrusion of the molded block, as shown in Figure 4.

    Dans un même moule, plusieurs séquences de logettes sensiblement en forme de U évasé sont prévues pour pouvoir fabriquer plusieurs blocs à la fois ce qui représente une économie de temps et d'énergie, et par conséquent permet de diminuer sensiblement le coût de production des blocs suivant l'invention. Les différentes séquences de logettes sont disposées à cheval les unes par rapport aux autres ce qui permet d'obtenir plus de blocs en même temps.In the same mold, several sequences of cubicles substantially U-shaped flared are provided to be able to manufacture several blocks at the same time which represents a saving of time and energy, and therefore significantly reduces the cost of production of the blocks according to the invention. The different sequences of cubicles are arranged astride each other which allows you to get more blocks at the same time.

    De préférence, le matériau utilisé pour la fabrication des blocs de construction suivant l'invention est du béton à démoulage instantané (environ 20 secondes), c'est un béton qui est très sec. Les blocs ainsi démoulés sont déposés ensuite dans une étuve pendant 24 heures. D'autres matériaux, telle que la terre cuite par exemple, peuvent être utilisés. Les moules utilisés pour former les blocs de l'invention permettent d'obtenir un grand nombre de blocs de construction à la fois grâce à la disposition des séquences de logettes qui sont disposées à cheval les unes par rapport aux autres et sont donc fortement imbriquées les uns dans les autres. En effet, sont obtenues ainsi des rangées de blocs posés sur le côté transversal alternant avec des rangées de blocs disposées dans l'autre sens de façon à imbriquer deux parois longitudinales de deux blocs adjacents 10, 11 dans la cavité interne d'un troisième bloc 12 comme cela est montré sur la Figure 4.Preferably, the material used for the manufacture of building blocks according to the invention is demold concrete instantaneous (approximately 20 seconds), it is a concrete which is very dry. The blocks thus removed from the mold are then placed in an oven for 24 hours. Other materials, such as terracotta for example, can be used. The molds used to form the blocks of the invention make it possible to obtain a large number of blocks of construction at the same time thanks to the arrangement of cubicle sequences which are arranged astride each other and are therefore strongly nested within each other. Indeed, are obtained thus rows of blocks placed on the transverse side alternating with rows of blocks arranged in the opposite direction so as to nest two longitudinal walls of two adjacent blocks 10, 11 in the cavity internal of a third block 12 as shown in FIG. 4.

    Deux types de moules sont utilisés afin d'obtenir des blocs de construction avec ou sans protubérance à la surface du U évasé, ce qui permet de réduire sensiblement les coûts de production tout en obtenant une excellente finition des blocs de construction ainsi obtenus. Two types of molds are used to obtain blocks construction with or without protuberance on the surface of the flared U, this which significantly reduces production costs while obtaining an excellent finish of the building blocks thus obtained.

    Les caractéristiques physiques des blocs suivant l'invention sont les suivantes:

  • résistance mécanique : 2Mpa - 4Mpa
  • tenue au feu : Rf 1 heure
  • isolation thermique : R = de 0,1 à 0,3 m2 °K/W
  • isolation acoustique : classe IIIa-IIb (normes belges)
  • poids des blocs : 4 et 8,5 Kg
    • The physical characteristics of the blocks according to the invention are as follows:
  • mechanical resistance: 2Mpa - 4Mpa
  • fire resistance: Rf 1 hour
  • thermal insulation: R = 0.1 to 0.3 m 2 ° K / W
  • sound insulation: class IIIa-IIb (Belgian standards)
  • block weight: 4 and 8.5 Kg

    • Claims (12)

    Bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise, caractérisé en ce que ledit bloc comprend une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et en ce qu'il comprend une protubérance située à la base du U évasé, ladite protubérance permettant l'emboítement et le coulissement du bloc de construction dans l'ouverture du côté longitudinal d'un autre bloc de construction pour former un assemblage d'au moins deux blocs de construction.Building construction block of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise, characterized in that said block comprises a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and in that it comprises a protuberance situated at the base of the flared U, said protuberance allowing the nesting and sliding of the building block in the opening on the longitudinal side of another building block for form an assembly of at least two building blocks. Bloc de construction suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la protubérance située à la base du U évasé a une épaisseur (hP) au moins sensiblement égale au cinquième de la hauteur (hT) de la paroi longitudinale dudit bloc de construction.Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the protuberance situated at the base of the flared U has a thickness (h P ) at least substantially equal to one fifth of the height (h T ) of the longitudinal wall of said building block. Bloc de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1, ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la protubérance a une largeur au moins égale aux deux tiers de la largeur du côté transversal du bloc de construction.Building block according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the protuberance has a width at least equal to two thirds of the width of the transverse side of the building block. Bloc de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítable par tenon et mortaise, caractérisé en ce que ledit bloc comprend une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et en ce qu'il comprend une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.Building construction block of substantially parallelepiped shape, nestable by tenon and mortise, characterized in that said block comprises a U-shaped opening flared on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and in that it comprises a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U. Bloc de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture en U évasé s'étend sur au moins 50% de la hauteur dudit bloc de construction. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flared U-shaped opening extends over at least 50% of the height of said building block. Bloc de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du bloc est sensiblement égale à deux fois sa largeur, et ladite longueur est aussi sensiblement égale à deux fois la hauteur du bloc.Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the length of the block is substantially equal to twice its width, and said length is also substantially equal to twice the height of the block. Bloc de construction suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du bloc est sensiblement égale à sa largeur et à sa hauteur.Building block according to claim 6, characterized in that the length of the block is substantially equal to its width and to its height. Bloc de construction suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un matériau choisi parmi le béton et la terre cuite.Building block according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists of a material chosen from concrete and terracotta. Bloc de construction suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est composée préférentiellement de béton à démoulage instantané.Building block according to claim 8, characterized in that it is preferably composed of instant demoulding concrete. Moule pour la formation d'au moins deux blocs de construction de bâtiment, caractérisé en ce que le moule comprend au moins une première séquence de logettes et au moins une deuxième séquence de logettes sensiblement en forme de U et disposées de façon à ce que la première séquence de logettes et la deuxième séquence de logette soient disposées à cheval l'une par rapport à l'autre.Mold for the formation of at least two building construction blocks, characterized in that the mold comprises at least a first sequence of cubicles and at least a second sequence of cubicles substantially U-shaped and arranged so that the first cubicle sequence and the second cubicle sequence are arranged astride one another. Utilisation du moule suivant la revendication 10 pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítables par tenon et mortaise, lesdits blocs comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une protubérance située à la base du U évasé.Use of the mold according to claim 10 for form building blocks of substantially shaped building parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said blocks including a flared U-shaped opening on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and including a protrusion located at the base of the flared U. Utilisation du moule suivant la revendication 10 pour former des blocs de construction de bâtiment de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, emboítables par tenon et mortaise, lesdits blocs comprenant une ouverture en forme de U évasé sur les côtés transversaux du parallélépipède et un côté longitudinal ouvert dont l'ouverture forme au moins partiellement la partie supérieure du U évasé et comprenant une surface sensiblement plane à la base du U évasé.Use of the mold according to claim 10 for form building blocks of substantially shaped building parallelepiped, nestable by tenon and mortise, said blocks including a flared U-shaped opening on the transverse sides of the parallelepiped and an open longitudinal side whose opening at least partially forms the upper part of the flared U and comprising a substantially flat surface at the base of the flared U.
    EP00870167A 2000-07-20 2000-07-20 Building block and manufacture therof Withdrawn EP1174232A1 (en)

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    DE3344519A1 (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-06-20 Siegfried 7858 Weil Geitlinger Process and device for producing building blocks of expandable material in a multi-cavity mould

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