EP0084276A1 - Prefabricated panels for the construction of building walls, in particular for houses, and walls so obtained - Google Patents

Prefabricated panels for the construction of building walls, in particular for houses, and walls so obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0084276A1
EP0084276A1 EP82400022A EP82400022A EP0084276A1 EP 0084276 A1 EP0084276 A1 EP 0084276A1 EP 82400022 A EP82400022 A EP 82400022A EP 82400022 A EP82400022 A EP 82400022A EP 0084276 A1 EP0084276 A1 EP 0084276A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
panel
panels
intermediate elements
walls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82400022A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0084276B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Serre
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP82400022A priority Critical patent/EP0084276B1/en
Priority to AT82400022T priority patent/ATE19279T1/en
Priority to DE8282400022T priority patent/DE3270526D1/en
Publication of EP0084276A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084276A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0084276B1 publication Critical patent/EP0084276B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to prefabricated panels for the construction of walls of buildings, in particular of residential houses.
  • the external wall is an insulating composite wall comprising a plate of insulating material situated between two plates formed of fibers bonded together by a binder
  • the inner wall comprises a plate formed of fibers linked together by a binder
  • the intermediate elements have recesses intended to form, once the panels are assembled, vertical forms for the production of reinforced concrete posts.
  • plates formed from fibers linked together by a binder gives the panel the necessary mechanical properties.
  • these plates are made of wood fibers linked by a resin and therefore of an insulating material, light and relatively inexpensive.
  • an insulating composite exterior wall makes it possible to directly produce a wall with insulation from the outside without thermal bridges.
  • the invention also relates to a wall formed by an assembly of panels as defined above.
  • the wall is completed by filling the free spaces between intermediate elements by means of a material, for example cavernous concrete, capable of accumulating heat.
  • a material for example cavernous concrete, capable of accumulating heat.
  • the prefabricated panel 10 illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a composite exterior wall formed by plates 11, 12, 13, an interior wall formed by a plate 14 and intermediate elements 15, 16, 17.
  • Each of the plates 11, 13 and 14 is formed from fibers agglomerated by means of a binder, for example wood fibers embedded in a resin, the plate being, at the time of its manufacture, subjected to compression.
  • the plate 14 forming the inner wall has a thickness of a few centimeters, for example 4 cm, while the plates 11 and 13 have a lower thickness, of the order of a few millimeters, for example 5 mm.
  • the plate 12 is made of an insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene and is bonded on its two faces to the plates 11 and 13 respectively.
  • the thickness of the plate 12 depends on the degree of insulation desired. It is preferably greater than 5 cm, for example around 10 cm.
  • the intermediate elements 15, 16, 17 consist of blocks molded from an insulating material such as expanded polystyrene. These elements are glued to the plates 13 and 14, thus making the connection between the outer and inner walls of the panel.
  • the intermediate intermediate elements 15 and 17 are located along the vertical edges of the panel and have, on their external vertical face, a longitudinal recess 18 extending over the entire height of the panel and of substantially semi-circular section.
  • the intermediate intermediate element 16 is located equidistant from the vertical edges of the panel and has a longitudinal central recess 19 extending over the entire height of the panel and of substantially circular section.
  • the recesses 18 and 19 have the same radius.
  • the intermediate intermediate element 16 is formed of two elements arranged opposite one another and identical to each other and to the elements 15 and 17. Free spaces 21, 22 bordered by the internal faces opposite plates 13 and 14 are formed in the intervals between intermediate elements.
  • the panel described above constitutes a basic module for producing a wall according to the invention.
  • a module has for example a length of 2 m, a height of 50 cm and a thickness of about 30 cm.
  • other dimensions can be chosen without leading to a bulky and awkward panel to handle.
  • Figure 3 shows several panels 10 assembled.
  • the vertical joints between panels of the same row are offset from one row to another, as in a traditional apparatus so that the intermediate elements 16 of the panels of a row are located in line with the intermediate elements 15, 17 of the panels of adjacent rows.
  • the aligned recesses 18, 19 form vertical forms 20 which extend continuously over the entire height of the assembly and in which vertical reinforcing bars 30 can be arranged. Concrete is then poured into the forms 20 delimited by the intermediate elements in order to form reinforced concrete posts 31.
  • the simple corner panel 40 illustrated in FIG. 4 is used.
  • the panel 40 is distinguished from the panel 10 of Figure 1 in that it is mitered along one of its vertical edges, and that, therefore, the insert 47 disposed along this edge is located at a distance from the element intermediate 46 lower than that separating the latter from the other intermediate intermediate element 45.
  • two corner panels delimit by their vertical edges in contact cut in miter formwork of cross section greater than that of a formwork 20, which makes it possible to put in place a larger vertical frame 32 and to pour a corner post 33 of section greater than that of the posts 31.
  • half of a double corner panel such as that 50 illustrated in FIG. 5 is then used.
  • 50 differs from panel 40 in that its two vertical edges are cut in a miter, and its two intermediate intermediate elements 55, 57 therefore occupy a position recessed symmetrically with respect to to the intermediate intermediate element 56.
  • a “chair” type panel is used such as that 60 illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • This panel differs from panel 10 in that the inner wall 64 and the intermediate elements 65, 66, 67 s 'extend, from the bottom of the panel, over only part of the height thereof, for example over half the height. The space thus freed above the intermediate elements and the interior wall then forms shuttering for a chaining cheek, without interrupting the insulation from the outside.
  • Single and double corner panels of the "chair” type are also prefabricated and are deduced from the modules 40 and 50 as the panel 60 is deduced from the panel 10; however, it is necessary to provide panels of the “chair” type with a right angle different from the panels of the “chair” type with a left angle.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a current stage starting from a traditional base 70 crowned over its entire periphery by a bed of mortar ensuring leveling and coated with bituminous felt 71 preventing any capillary rise.
  • a row of "chair” type panels is placed on the base 70 and a slab 72 is poured after the reinforcement bars 73 of the horizontal chaining have been placed on the "chair” panels.
  • the upper edge of these and the upper surface of the slab 72 are substantially at the same level.
  • the base and corner panels are then assembled at the desired height, ending with a row of "chair" type panels.
  • a row of panels 10 'of reduced height for example of half height
  • the assembly is started by the establishment of this row.
  • a material capable of accumulating heat for example cavernous concrete 78 is placed in the free spaces such as 21, 22, between intermediate elements. This cavernous concrete, on the one hand, contributes to ensuring the plumbness of the panels and, on the other hand, will provide the finished wall with good thermal inertia.
  • fixing anchors 74 for example made of plastic, may be placed at each intersection of joints (as illustrated in FIG. 3), while other anchors 75 (see also FIG. 3) may have been provided. in each panel with their heads buried in the plate 11. The ends of the anchors 74 and 75 protrude inside the formwork 20 and free spaces such as 21, 22 so that after casting the posts, they contribute to holding signs.
  • a concrete bed 77 is formed on the intermediate elements and interior walls of the "chair" panels forming the last row of the floor in order to ensure leveling as well as the clearance to be provided for the floor coverings on the slab 72 to arrive at a defined headroom. Then, a slab 72 ′ is poured after the reinforcement 73 ′ of the horizontal chaining has been placed above the concrete bed 77.
  • FIG. 9 to 11 illustrate details of construction at the holes.
  • a module 80 which has an insulating composite outer wall 81 similar to that of the panels 10 described above.
  • a return 82 of this wall is provided on the lower side of the module 80 and is connected to the interior wall 84.
  • the latter has a reduced height in the manner of a block of the "chair” type.
  • the wall 81, the return 82 and the wall 84 form a formwork inside which reinforcing bars 85 are pre-positioned in a concrete bed 86.
  • the frame 73 'of the horizontal chaining located above the module 80 is shown in dashes.
  • a wooden pre-frame 90 fixed against a vertical edge of the panels such as 10 (FIG. 9).
  • a traditional concrete frame 91 can be produced.
  • the outer wall is cut in a miter and the concrete is poured along the vertical edge of the panel 10 after installation of a formwork 92. It is then preferable to slightly back off by sawing and re-gluing the intermediate element 17 located at this level in order to maintain continuous thermal insulation along the edge of the frame.
  • a prefabricated window sill 95 of any type can be put in place at the upper part of a panel 10, after corresponding reduction in the height of the external wall and of the intermediate elements.
  • the panels according to the invention allow walls with very good insulation properties to be produced with simplicity, speed and at low cost. They can fulfill a thermal storage function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

1. Prefabricated panel (10, 40, 50, 60) consisting of an external wall (11, 12, 13; 81) comprising at least one plate composed of fibers bounded together by a binder, and an internal wall (14, 84), interconnected by an intercalated insulating material (15, 16, 17; 45, 46, 47; 55, 56, 57; 65, 66, 67) and having recesses (18, 19) designed to form after assembling of a plurality of panels, vertical casings (20) for producing reinforced concrete posts (31, 33), characterized in that the external wall is an insulating composite wall comprising a plate in insulating material (12) situated between two plates (12, 13) formed by fibers bounded together by a binder, the internal wall comprises a plate (14; 84) formed by fibers bounded together by a binder, and in that the intercalated insulating material is in the form of intercalated elements (15, 16, 17; 45, 46, 47; 55, 56, 57; 65, 66, 67) provided with said recesses (18, 19), connecting said internal and external walls and providing therebetween free spaces (21, 22) extending between the internal faces of said walls.

Description

La présente invention concerne des panneaux préfabriqués pour la construction de murs de bâtiments, notamment de maisons d'habitation.The present invention relates to prefabricated panels for the construction of walls of buildings, in particular of residential houses.

On connaît des panneaux du type comportant une paroi extérieure et une paroi intérieure reliées l'une à l'autre par des éléments intercalaires en matériau isolant qui ménagent, entre eux, des espaces libres s'étendant entre les faces internes des parois.There are known panels of the type comprising an outer wall and an inner wall connected to each other by intermediate elements of insulating material which provide, between them, free spaces extending between the inner faces of the walls.

Par rapport aux panneaux connus de ce type, la présente invention a pour but de fournir des panneaux qui permettent d'obtenir l'ensemble des avantages suivants :

  • - préfabrication simple et à faible prix de revient ;
  • - grande facilité de manipulation et montage sur chantier ;
  • - montage de murs sans nécessiter la réalisation préalable d'une structure portante pour l'accrochage des panneaux ; et
  • - obtention de murs présentant de très bonnes propriétés d'isolation thermique sans nécessiter la réalisation ultérieure de coffrages pour la mise en place d'isolant.
Compared to known panels of this type, the present invention aims to provide panels which make it possible to obtain all of the following advantages:
  • - simple prefabrication at low cost price;
  • - great ease of handling and assembly on site;
  • - assembly of walls without requiring the prior production of a supporting structure for hanging the panels; and
  • - Obtaining walls with very good thermal insulation properties without requiring the subsequent production of formwork for the installation of insulation.

Ce but est atteint au moyen d'un panneau du type indiqué plus haut et dans lequel, conformément à l'invention : la paroi extérieure est une paroi composite isolante comprenant une plaque en matériau isolant située entre deux plaques formées de fibres liées entre elles par un liant, la paroi intérieure comprend une plaque formée de fibres liées entre elles par un liant, et les éléments intercalaires présentent des évidements destinés à former, une fois les panneaux assemblés, des coffrages verticaux pour la réalisation de poteaux en béton armé.This object is achieved by means of a panel of the type indicated above and in which, in accordance with the invention: the external wall is an insulating composite wall comprising a plate of insulating material situated between two plates formed of fibers bonded together by a binder, the inner wall comprises a plate formed of fibers linked together by a binder, and the intermediate elements have recesses intended to form, once the panels are assembled, vertical forms for the production of reinforced concrete posts.

L'utilisation de plaques formées de fibres liées entre elles par un liant confère au panneau les propriétés mécaniques nécessaires. Avantageusement, ces plaques sont en fibres de bois liées par une résine donc en un matériau isolant, léger et relativement bon marché.The use of plates formed from fibers linked together by a binder gives the panel the necessary mechanical properties. Advantageously, these plates are made of wood fibers linked by a resin and therefore of an insulating material, light and relatively inexpensive.

Par ailleurs, l'utilisation d'une paroi extérieure composite isolante permet de réaliser directement un mur avec isolation par l'extérieur sans ponts thermiques.Furthermore, the use of an insulating composite exterior wall makes it possible to directly produce a wall with insulation from the outside without thermal bridges.

De plus encore, grâce à la présence, dans les éléments intercalaires, d'évidements destinés à former des coffrages de poteaux, il est possible de monter un mur de façon particulièrement facile et rapide.Furthermore, thanks to the presence, in the intermediate elements, of recesses intended to form column formwork, it is possible to mount a wall in a particularly easy and rapid manner.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un mur formé par un assemblage de panneaux tels que définis ci-avant. Avantageusement, le mur est complété par remplissage des espaces libres entre éléments intercalaires au moyen d'un matériau, par exemple un béton caverneux, apte à accumuler de la chaleur. On obtient ainsi un mur isolé par l'extérieur et présentant une grande inertie thermique vis-à-vis de l'intérieur.The invention also relates to a wall formed by an assembly of panels as defined above. Advantageously, the wall is completed by filling the free spaces between intermediate elements by means of a material, for example cavernous concrete, capable of accumulating heat. This gives a wall insulated from the outside and having a high thermal inertia vis-à-vis the interior.

Un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention est décrit ci-après à titre indicatif mais non limitatif.A particular embodiment of the invention is described below by way of indication but not limiting.

On se référera aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un panneau de base selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 2 est une vue en élévation et en coupe transversale suivant le plan II-II de la figure 1,
  • - la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective montrant un assemblage de plusieurs panneaux selon l'invention,
  • - les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues de dessus d'un panneau d'angle simple et d'un panneau d'angle double selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un panneau de type "chaise" selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 7 est une vue schématique en élévation et en coupe transversale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un mur selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 8 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un module destiné à la mise en oeuvre de linteau dans un mur selon l'invention, et
  • - les figures 9 à 11 sont des vues schématiques ques partielles en coupe transversale montrant la réalisation d'encadrements et d'appuis de fenêtre dans un mur selon l'invention.
Reference is made to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a base panel according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in elevation and in cross section along the plane II-II of FIG. 1,
  • - Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an assembly of several panels according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are top views of a single corner panel and of a double corner panel according to the invention,
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a “chair” type panel according to the invention,
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view in elevation and in cross section of an embodiment of a wall according to the invention,
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view in cross section of a module intended for the use of a lintel in a wall according to the invention, and
  • - Figures 9 to 11 are schematic views ques partial in cross section showing the production of frames and window sills in a wall according to the invention.

Le panneau préfabriqué 10 illustré par les figures 1 et 2 comprend une paroi extérieure composite formée de plaques 11, 12, 13, une paroi intérieure formée par une plaque 14 et des éléments intercalaires 15, 16, 17.The prefabricated panel 10 illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a composite exterior wall formed by plates 11, 12, 13, an interior wall formed by a plate 14 and intermediate elements 15, 16, 17.

Chacune des plaques 11, 13 et 14 est formée de fibres agglomérées au moyen d'un liant, par exemple de fibres de bois noyées dans une résine, la plaque étant, au moment de sa fabrication, soumise à une compression. La plaque 14 formant paroi intérieure a une épaisseur de quelques centimètres, par exemple 4 cm, tandis que les plaques 11 et 13 ont une épaisseur inférieure, de l'ordre de quelques millimètres, par exemple 5 mm.Each of the plates 11, 13 and 14 is formed from fibers agglomerated by means of a binder, for example wood fibers embedded in a resin, the plate being, at the time of its manufacture, subjected to compression. The plate 14 forming the inner wall has a thickness of a few centimeters, for example 4 cm, while the plates 11 and 13 have a lower thickness, of the order of a few millimeters, for example 5 mm.

La plaque 12 est en un matériau isolant, tel que du polystyrène expansé et est collée sur ses deux faces respectivement aux plaques 11 et 13. L'épaisseur de la plaque 12 dépend du degré d'isolation souhaité. Elle est de préférence supérieure à 5 cm, par exemple environ 10 cm.The plate 12 is made of an insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene and is bonded on its two faces to the plates 11 and 13 respectively. The thickness of the plate 12 depends on the degree of insulation desired. It is preferably greater than 5 cm, for example around 10 cm.

Les éléments intercalaires 15, 16, 17 sont constitués par des blocs moulés en un matériau isolant tel que du polystyrène expansé. Ces éléments sont collés aux plaques 13 et 14, réalisant ainsi la liaison entre les parois extérieure et intérieure du panneau. Les éléments intercalaires d'extrémité 15 et 17 sont situés le long des bords verticaux du panneau et présentent, sur leur face verticale extérieure, un évidement longitudinal 18 s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du panneau et de section sensiblement semi-circulaire. L'élément intercalaire intermédiaire 16 est situé à égale distance des bords verticaux du panneau et présente un évidement central longitudinal 19 s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du panneau et de section sensiblement circulaire. Les évidements 18 et 19 ont même rayon. Avantageusement, l'élément intercalaire intermédiaire 16 est formé de deux éléments disposés en regard l'un de l'autre et identiques l'un à l'autre et aux éléments 15 et 17. Des espaces libres 21, 22 bordés par les faces intérieures en regard des plaques 13 et 14 sont ménagés dans les intervalles entre éléments intercalaires.The intermediate elements 15, 16, 17 consist of blocks molded from an insulating material such as expanded polystyrene. These elements are glued to the plates 13 and 14, thus making the connection between the outer and inner walls of the panel. The intermediate intermediate elements 15 and 17 are located along the vertical edges of the panel and have, on their external vertical face, a longitudinal recess 18 extending over the entire height of the panel and of substantially semi-circular section. The intermediate intermediate element 16 is located equidistant from the vertical edges of the panel and has a longitudinal central recess 19 extending over the entire height of the panel and of substantially circular section. The recesses 18 and 19 have the same radius. Advantageously, the intermediate intermediate element 16 is formed of two elements arranged opposite one another and identical to each other and to the elements 15 and 17. Free spaces 21, 22 bordered by the internal faces opposite plates 13 and 14 are formed in the intervals between intermediate elements.

Le panneau décrit ci-avant constitue un module de base pour la réalisation d'un mur selon l'invention. Un tel module a par exemple une longueur de 2 m, une hauteur de 50 cm et une épaisseur d'environ 30 cm. Bien entendu, d'autres dimensions pourront être choisies sans pour autant conduire à un panneau encombrant et malaisé à manipuler.The panel described above constitutes a basic module for producing a wall according to the invention. Such a module has for example a length of 2 m, a height of 50 cm and a thickness of about 30 cm. Of course, other dimensions can be chosen without leading to a bulky and awkward panel to handle.

La figure 3 montre plusieurs panneaux 10 assemblés. Les joints verticaux entre panneaux d'une même rangée sont décalés d'une rangée à l'autre, comme dans un appareillage traditionnel de sorte que les éléments intercalaires 16 des panneaux d'une rangée se situent au droit des éléments intercalaires 15, 17 des panneaux des rangées adjacentes. Les évidements alignés 18, 19 forment des coffrages verticaux 20 qui s'étendent de façon continue sur toute la hauteur de l'assemblage et dans lesquels peuvent être disposés des fers d'armature verticaux 30. Du béton est ensuite coulé dans les coffrages 20 délimités par les éléments intercalaires afin de former des poteaux 31 en béton armé.Figure 3 shows several panels 10 assembled. The vertical joints between panels of the same row are offset from one row to another, as in a traditional apparatus so that the intermediate elements 16 of the panels of a row are located in line with the intermediate elements 15, 17 of the panels of adjacent rows. The aligned recesses 18, 19 form vertical forms 20 which extend continuously over the entire height of the assembly and in which vertical reinforcing bars 30 can be arranged. Concrete is then poured into the forms 20 delimited by the intermediate elements in order to form reinforced concrete posts 31.

Dans ce qui précède, on a envisagé le cas de panneaux comportant deux éléments intercalaires d'extrémités et un élément intercalaire intermédiaire. En variante, on pourra prévoir plusieurs éléments intercalaires disposés à intervalles réguliers.In the foregoing, we have considered the case of panels comprising two intermediate intermediate elements and an intermediate intermediate element. As a variant, it is possible to provide several intermediate elements arranged at regular intervals.

A l'angle du bâtiment à construire, lorsque la rangée est à compléter par un panneau de même longueur que le module de base, on utilise le panneau d'angle simple 40 illustré par la figure 4. Le panneau 40 se distingue du panneau 10 de la figure 1 en ce qu'il est coupé en onglet le long d'un de ses bords verticaux, et que, de ce fait, l'élément intercalaire 47 disposé le long de ce bord est situé à une distance de l'élément intermédiaire 46 inférieure à celle séparant ce dernier de l'autre élément intercalaire d'extrémité 45. Par ailleurs, on notera que deux panneaux d'angle délimitent par leurs bords verticaux en contact coupés en onglet un coffrage de section transversale supérieure à celle d'un coffrage 20, ce qui permet de mettre en place une armature verticale 32 plus importante et de couler un poteau d'angle 33 de section supérieure à celle des poteaux 31.At the corner of the building to be constructed, when the row is to be completed with a panel of the same length as the basic module, the simple corner panel 40 illustrated in FIG. 4 is used. The panel 40 is distinguished from the panel 10 of Figure 1 in that it is mitered along one of its vertical edges, and that, therefore, the insert 47 disposed along this edge is located at a distance from the element intermediate 46 lower than that separating the latter from the other intermediate intermediate element 45. Furthermore, it will be noted that two corner panels delimit by their vertical edges in contact cut in miter formwork of cross section greater than that of a formwork 20, which makes it possible to put in place a larger vertical frame 32 and to pour a corner post 33 of section greater than that of the posts 31.

Lorsque la rangée est à compléter à l'angle du bâtiment par un panneau de longueur moitié de celle du module de base, on utilise alors la moitié d'un panneau d'angle double tel que celui 50 illustré par la figure 5. Le panneau 50 se distingue du panneau 40 en ce que ses deux bords verticaux sont coupés en onglet, et ses deux éléments intercalaires d'extrémité 55, 57 occupent donc une position en retrait symétriquement par rapport à l'élément intercalaire intermédiaire 56.When the row is to be completed at the corner of the building with a panel half the length of that of the basic module, half of a double corner panel such as that 50 illustrated in FIG. 5 is then used. 50 differs from panel 40 in that its two vertical edges are cut in a miter, and its two intermediate intermediate elements 55, 57 therefore occupy a position recessed symmetrically with respect to to the intermediate intermediate element 56.

Aux niveaux des dalles de plancher, on utilise un panneau de type "chaise" tel que celui 60 illustré par la figure 6. Ce panneau se distingue du panneau 10 en ce que la paroi intérieure 64 et les éléments intercalaires 65, 66, 67 s'étendent, depuis le bas du panneau, sur une partie seulement de la hauteur de celui-ci, par exemple sur la moitié de la hauteur . L'espace ainsi libéré au-dessus des éléments intercalaires et de la paroi intérieure forme alors coffrage pour une joue de chaînage, sans interruption de l'isolation par l'extérieur. Des panneaux d'angle simples et doubles de type "chaise" sont également préfabriqués et se déduisent des modules 40 et 50 comme le panneau 60 se déduit du panneau 10 ; il est toutefois nécessaire de prévoir des panneaux de type "chaise" d'angle à droite différents des panneaux de type "chaise" d'angle à gauche.At the level of the floor slabs, a “chair” type panel is used such as that 60 illustrated in FIG. 6. This panel differs from panel 10 in that the inner wall 64 and the intermediate elements 65, 66, 67 s 'extend, from the bottom of the panel, over only part of the height thereof, for example over half the height. The space thus freed above the intermediate elements and the interior wall then forms shuttering for a chaining cheek, without interrupting the insulation from the outside. Single and double corner panels of the "chair" type are also prefabricated and are deduced from the modules 40 and 50 as the panel 60 is deduced from the panel 10; however, it is necessary to provide panels of the “chair” type with a right angle different from the panels of the “chair” type with a left angle.

On se référera maintenant à la figure 7 qui illustre un exemple de réalisation d'un étage courant à partir d'un soubassement traditionnel 70 couronné sur toute sa périphérie par un lit de mortier assurant un arasement et revêtu d'un feutre bitumineux 71 empêchant toute remontée par capillarité. Une rangée de panneaux de type "chaise" est placée sur le soubassement 70 et une dalle 72 est coulée après mise en place des fers d'armature 73 du chaînage horizontal sur les panneaux "chaise". Le bord supérieur de ceux-ci et la surface supérieure de la dalle 72 sont sensiblement au même niveau.Reference will now be made to FIG. 7 which illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a current stage starting from a traditional base 70 crowned over its entire periphery by a bed of mortar ensuring leveling and coated with bituminous felt 71 preventing any capillary rise. A row of "chair" type panels is placed on the base 70 and a slab 72 is poured after the reinforcement bars 73 of the horizontal chaining have been placed on the "chair" panels. The upper edge of these and the upper surface of the slab 72 are substantially at the same level.

On réalise ensuite l'assemblage des panneaux de base et d'angle sur la hauteur voulue en terminant par une rangée de panneaux de type "chaise". En fonction de la hauteur de l'étage, il peut être nécessaire de prévoir une rangée de panneaux 10' de hauteur réduite (par exemple de hauteur moitié), auquel cas on démarre l'assemblage par la mise en place de cette rangée. De préférence, dès qu'une rangée de panneaux est placée, un matériau apte à accumuler de la chaleur, par exemple un béton caverneux 78 est mis en place dans les espaces libres tels que 21, 22, entre éléments intercalaires. Ce béton caverneux, d'une part, contribue à assurer l'aplomb des panneaux et, d'autre part, procurera au mur terminé une bonne inertie thermique. Avant la pose de chaque nouvelle rangée, de la mousse de polyuréthane est appliquée au niveau de l'assise des joints des parois extérieures pour garantir la continuité de l'isolation. Par ailleurs, des ancres de fixation 74, par exemple en matière plastique, pourront être placées à chaque croisement de joints (comme illustré sur la figure 3), tandis que d'autres ancres 75 (voir également la figure 3) pourront avoir été prévues dans chaque panneau avec leu leurs tête noyées dans la plaque 11. Les extrémités des ancres 74 et 75 font saillie à l'intérieur des coffrages 20 et des espaces libres tels que 21, 22 de sorte qu'après coulée des poteaux, elles contribuent à la tenue des panneaux.The base and corner panels are then assembled at the desired height, ending with a row of "chair" type panels. Depending on the height of the floor, it may be necessary to provide a row of panels 10 'of reduced height (for example of half height), in which case the assembly is started by the establishment of this row. Of preferably, as soon as a row of panels is placed, a material capable of accumulating heat, for example cavernous concrete 78 is placed in the free spaces such as 21, 22, between intermediate elements. This cavernous concrete, on the one hand, contributes to ensuring the plumbness of the panels and, on the other hand, will provide the finished wall with good thermal inertia. Before the installation of each new row, polyurethane foam is applied to the level of the seat of the joints of the external walls to guarantee the continuity of the insulation. Furthermore, fixing anchors 74, for example made of plastic, may be placed at each intersection of joints (as illustrated in FIG. 3), while other anchors 75 (see also FIG. 3) may have been provided. in each panel with their heads buried in the plate 11. The ends of the anchors 74 and 75 protrude inside the formwork 20 and free spaces such as 21, 22 so that after casting the posts, they contribute to holding signs.

Une fois l'assemblage des panneaux réalisé sur la hauteur de l'étage, des fers d'armature de poteaux sont mis en place et les poteaux sont coulés dans leurs coffrages. On notera que les fers doivent avoir une longueur suffisante pour assurer la reprise des poteaux raidisseurs porteurs de l'étage supérieur (voir en 76 sur la figure 7). Un lit de béton 77 est formé sur les éléments intercalaires et parois intérieures des panneaux "chaise" formant la dernière rangée de l'étage afin d'assurer le nivellage ainsi que la garde à prévoir pour les revêtements de sol sur la dalle 72 pour arriver à une hauteur libre sous plafond définie. Ensuite, une dalle72' est coulée après mise en place des armatures 73' du chaînage horizontal au-dessus du lit de béton 77.Once the panels have been assembled on the height of the storey, post reinforcing bars are put in place and the posts are poured into their formwork. It will be noted that the irons must have a sufficient length to ensure the recovery of the stiffening posts carrying the upper stage (see at 76 in FIG. 7). A concrete bed 77 is formed on the intermediate elements and interior walls of the "chair" panels forming the last row of the floor in order to ensure leveling as well as the clearance to be provided for the floor coverings on the slab 72 to arrive at a defined headroom. Then, a slab 72 ′ is poured after the reinforcement 73 ′ of the horizontal chaining has been placed above the concrete bed 77.

On obtient un mur avec isolation continue par l'extérieur. Des enduits intérieur et extérieur sont ensuite réalisés de façon traditionnelle.We obtain a wall with continuous insulation by outside. Interior and exterior plasters are then produced in the traditional way.

Les figures 9 à 11 illustrent des détails de réalisation au niveau des percements.Figures 9 to 11 illustrate details of construction at the holes.

Pour la mise en oeuvre des linteaux, on utilise un module 80 présentant une paroi extérieure composite isolante 81 analogue à celle des panneaux 10 décrits ci-avant. Un retour 82 de cette paroi est prévu du côté inférieur du module 80 et se raccorde à la paroi intérieure 84. Celle-ci a une hauteur réduite à la manière d'un bloc de type "chaise". La paroi 81, le retour 82 et la paroi 84 forment un coffrage à l'intérieur duquel des fers d'armature 85 sont pré-positionnés dans un lit de béton 86. L'armature 73' du chaînage horizontal situé au-dessus du module 80 est représenté en tirets.For the implementation of the lintels, a module 80 is used which has an insulating composite outer wall 81 similar to that of the panels 10 described above. A return 82 of this wall is provided on the lower side of the module 80 and is connected to the interior wall 84. The latter has a reduced height in the manner of a block of the "chair" type. The wall 81, the return 82 and the wall 84 form a formwork inside which reinforcing bars 85 are pre-positioned in a concrete bed 86. The frame 73 'of the horizontal chaining located above the module 80 is shown in dashes.

Au niveau des encadrements, on peut utiliser un pré-cadre en bois 90 fixé contre un bord vertical des panneaux tels que 10 (figure 9). En variante (figure 10), notamment en vue de la fixation de gonds de volets, on peut réaliser un encadrement traditionnel en béton 91. A cet effet, la paroi extérieure est coupée en onglet et le béton est coulé le long du bord vertical du panneau 10 après mise en place d'un coffrage 92. Il est alors préférable de légèrement reculer par sciage et recollage l'élément intercalaire 17 situé à ce niveau afin de conserver une isolation thermique continue le long du bord de l'encadrement.At the level of the frames, it is possible to use a wooden pre-frame 90 fixed against a vertical edge of the panels such as 10 (FIG. 9). As a variant (FIG. 10), in particular with a view to attaching hinge flaps, a traditional concrete frame 91 can be produced. For this purpose, the outer wall is cut in a miter and the concrete is poured along the vertical edge of the panel 10 after installation of a formwork 92. It is then preferable to slightly back off by sawing and re-gluing the intermediate element 17 located at this level in order to maintain continuous thermal insulation along the edge of the frame.

Enfin, comme le montre la figure 11, un appui de fenêtre préfabriqué 95 de type quelconque peut être mis en place à la partie supérieure d'un panneau 10, après réduction correspondante de la hauteur de la paroi extérieure et des éléments intercalaires.Finally, as shown in FIG. 11, a prefabricated window sill 95 of any type can be put in place at the upper part of a panel 10, after corresponding reduction in the height of the external wall and of the intermediate elements.

De ce qui précède, on conçoit que les panneaux conformes à l'invention permettent de réaliser avec simplicité, rapidité et à faible coût-des murs présentant de très bonnes propriétés d'isolation Et pouvant remplir une fonction d'accumulateur thermique.From the above, it is understood that the panels according to the invention allow walls with very good insulation properties to be produced with simplicity, speed and at low cost. They can fulfill a thermal storage function.

Claims (8)

1. Panneau préfabriqué comportant une paroi extérieure et une paroi intérieure reliées l'une à l'autre par des éléments intercalaires en matériau isolant qui ménagent, entre eux, des espaces libres s'étendant entre les faces internes des parois,
caractérisé en ce que la paroi extérieure est une paroi composite isolante comprenant une plaque en matériau isolant (12) située entre deux plaques (11, 13) formées de fibres liées entre elles par un liant, la paroi intérieure (14) comprend une plaque formée de fibres liées entre elles par un liant, et les éléments intercalaires (15, 16, 17) présentent des évidements (18, 19) destinés à former, une fois les panneaux assemblés, des coffrages verticaux (20) pour la réalisation de poteaux (31) en béton armé.1. Prefabricated panel comprising an outer wall and an inner wall connected to each other by intermediate elements of insulating material which provide, between them, free spaces extending between the internal faces of the walls,
characterized in that the outer wall is an insulating composite wall comprising a plate of insulating material (12) located between two plates (11, 13) formed of fibers linked together by a binder, the inner wall (14) comprises a formed plate of fibers linked together by a binder, and the intermediate elements (15, 16, 17) have recesses (18, 19) intended to form, once the panels are assembled, vertical forms (20) for the production of posts ( 31) in reinforced concrete. 2. Panneau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (11, 13, 14) sont en fibres de bois liées par une résine.2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (11, 13, 14) are made of wood fibers bonded by a resin. 3. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux éléments intercalaires d'extrémité (15, 17) disposés le long des bords verticaux du panneau et au moins un élément intercalaire intermédiaire (16).3. Panel according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises two intermediate intermediate elements (15, 17) arranged along the vertical edges of the panel and at least one intermediate intermediate element (16) . 4. Panneau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les éléments intercalaires (15, 16, 17) sont constitués par des éléments moulés en polystyrène.4. Panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the intermediate elements (15, 16, 17) are constituted by molded polystyrene elements. 5. Panneau d'angle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un bord vertical coupé en onglet et un élément intercalaire situé au voisinage de ce bord vertical de sorte qu'un coffrage pour un poteau d'angle (33) peut être formé par jonction des bords verticaux coupés en onglet de deux panneaux d'angle.5. Corner panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a vertical edge cut in miter and an intermediate element located in the vicinity of this vertical edge so that a formwork for a post corner (33) can be formed by joining the mitered vertical edges of two corner panels. 6. Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, destiné à être mis en place au niveau d'une dalle de plancher, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des éléments intercalaires et une paroi intérieure qui s'étendent sur une partie seulement de la hauteur du panneau (60) depuis le bord inférieur de celui-ci.6. Panel according to any one of the claims tions 1 to 5, intended to be placed at the level of a floor slab, characterized in that it comprises intermediate elements and an interior wall which extend over only part of the height of the panel (60) from the bottom edge of it. 7. Mur comprenant des panneaux préfabriqués conformes chacun à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des poteaux en béton armé logés dans les coffrages verticaux formés par les évidements des éléments intercalaires.7. Wall comprising prefabricated panels each conforming to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises reinforced concrete posts housed in the vertical forms formed by the recesses of the intermediate elements. 8. Mur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un matériau apte à accumuler de la chaleur logé dans lesdits espaces libres (21, 22) ménagés entre les éléments intercalaires.8. Wall according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a material capable of accumulating heat housed in said free spaces (21, 22) formed between the intermediate elements.
EP82400022A 1982-01-08 1982-01-08 Prefabricated panels for the construction of building walls, in particular for houses, and walls so obtained Expired EP0084276B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82400022A EP0084276B1 (en) 1982-01-08 1982-01-08 Prefabricated panels for the construction of building walls, in particular for houses, and walls so obtained
AT82400022T ATE19279T1 (en) 1982-01-08 1982-01-08 PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING WALLS, ESPECIALLY FOR HOUSES AND WALLS MADE WITH THESE PANELS.
DE8282400022T DE3270526D1 (en) 1982-01-08 1982-01-08 Prefabricated panels for the construction of building walls, in particular for houses, and walls so obtained

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82400022A EP0084276B1 (en) 1982-01-08 1982-01-08 Prefabricated panels for the construction of building walls, in particular for houses, and walls so obtained

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EP0084276A1 true EP0084276A1 (en) 1983-07-27
EP0084276B1 EP0084276B1 (en) 1986-04-16

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AT (1) ATE19279T1 (en)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554480A1 (en) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-10 Serre Michel Module for the construction of buildings
ES2065820A2 (en) * 1992-08-25 1995-02-16 Zambrana Jose Luis Sanchez Modular system for constructing faces and the like
CN114991383A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-09-02 济南市工程咨询院 Green energy-saving assembled building wall

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1136046A (en) * 1966-06-21 1968-12-11 Ici Ltd Manufacture of foam laminates
FR2054355A5 (en) * 1969-07-14 1971-04-16 Formige Pierre
DE2111693A1 (en) * 1971-03-11 1972-11-23 Claus Ockenfels Multiply insulating panels - for heat and noise insulation having hollow spaces between the foam centre and the covering layer
FR2260675A1 (en) * 1974-02-07 1975-09-05 Samuelsson Sture Lennart
FR2308500A1 (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-19 Hortel Willy INTERMEDIATE LAMINATE PANEL IN RIGID SYNTHETIC RESIN FOAM
FR2444132A1 (en) * 1978-12-13 1980-07-11 Fricker Gilbert Modular structural panels having cellular core - between dissimilar sheet surfaces, provide cement-based external face and plasterboard interior face
FR2486569A1 (en) * 1980-07-10 1982-01-15 Serre Michel Modular hollow building blocks - made from sheet and channel profiles of particle board plus expanded polystyrene insulation

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1136046A (en) * 1966-06-21 1968-12-11 Ici Ltd Manufacture of foam laminates
FR2054355A5 (en) * 1969-07-14 1971-04-16 Formige Pierre
DE2111693A1 (en) * 1971-03-11 1972-11-23 Claus Ockenfels Multiply insulating panels - for heat and noise insulation having hollow spaces between the foam centre and the covering layer
FR2260675A1 (en) * 1974-02-07 1975-09-05 Samuelsson Sture Lennart
FR2308500A1 (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-19 Hortel Willy INTERMEDIATE LAMINATE PANEL IN RIGID SYNTHETIC RESIN FOAM
FR2444132A1 (en) * 1978-12-13 1980-07-11 Fricker Gilbert Modular structural panels having cellular core - between dissimilar sheet surfaces, provide cement-based external face and plasterboard interior face
FR2486569A1 (en) * 1980-07-10 1982-01-15 Serre Michel Modular hollow building blocks - made from sheet and channel profiles of particle board plus expanded polystyrene insulation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554480A1 (en) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-10 Serre Michel Module for the construction of buildings
ES2065820A2 (en) * 1992-08-25 1995-02-16 Zambrana Jose Luis Sanchez Modular system for constructing faces and the like
CN114991383A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-09-02 济南市工程咨询院 Green energy-saving assembled building wall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3270526D1 (en) 1986-05-22
EP0084276B1 (en) 1986-04-16
ATE19279T1 (en) 1986-05-15

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