DE19937588A1 - Building block comprises an outer element made of an heat insulating foamed material and an inner element made of a mineral material capable of equalizing temperatures and moisture contents - Google Patents

Abstract

The building block consisting of an outer element (1) and an inner element (2) joined to one another by a number of connector elements (3) is characterized by the following facts: a) the outer element consists of a heat insulating foamed material, in particular, on the basis of polystyrene or polyurethane; b) the inner element consist of a mineral material capable of equalizing temperatures and moisture contents. Also claimed is a system for joining the proposed building blocks. Such a system takes the form of a plate which is provided on both sides with protruding pins, nails or similar elements.

Description

The present invention relates to a formwork block with an outer part and one spaced apart from it and less than it Inner part with wall thickness, the outer and inner part by a number of connecting elements are interconnected, and wherein the cavity between the outer and inner part with a load-bearing filling material, in particular Lightweight concrete that can be refilled. The subject invention also relates to a Connection system for formwork blocks that can be built into a wall.

Such formwork blocks have been known for a long time. For example In recent years, formwork blocks made of EPS (expandable Polystyrene foam) on the market more and more, because their use with certain advantages. Meanwhile, the different Requirements and conditions in house construction adapted EPS Formwork blocks offered. The advantages of EPS formwork blocks include their light weight, which is the physical burden of building construction concerned persons decreased, and furthermore that no more separate insulation is required, which enables faster construction. Even the good one Thermal insulation of the material used is one of the advantages. As a disadvantage the low heat storage capacity of the material has proven. This requires namely a very quick warm-up and also a very quick cooling of the Interiors and thus often an uncomfortable indoor climate.

Especially when using an open fireplace or a tiled stove difficult to regulate the room temperature. Another disadvantage is that the Wall mounting of objects, such as shelves or Kitchen furniture, only possible with special dowels and professional installation is necessary to avoid tearing.  

Both EPS formwork blocks and formwork blocks made of other materials have repeatedly been the subject of patents and patent applications. So is for example from the German utility model G 83 26 241.5 Formwork block made of rigid polystyrene foam, this Utility model with a special version of the plug connection between deals with the plate-shaped outer and the plate-shaped inner part.

Formwork blocks made of other materials, such as wood-chip concrete or from light or heavy concrete, have been known for a long time. To the It has been proposed to increase the insulating effect of such formwork blocks, to provide them with an additional insulating layer. In this context is referred to, for example, DE-A 26 44 897, where is suggested as Insulating layer to use a foam layer that is inside the Formwork block foamed and evenly and intimately with its wall is connected.

Other known solutions deal with the construction of walls for Board building. For this purpose is known from DE-A 196 31 800, a Precast concrete wall panel as an inner layer and prefabricated thermal insulation panels to use as an outer layer and the wall with a three-layer structure provided, the inner layer of a lightweight concrete wall plate with Intermediate layer directed lattice girder system, the outer layer storey-high thermal insulation panels made of foamed bodies on polystyrene or polyurethane base. The intermediate layer is considered to be in connection with the Lightweight concrete wall panel supporting wall part and consists of filling Lightweight concrete.

DE-A 197 14 626 relates to a wall system with two formwork elements, the Space is filled with concrete. The wall is layered out Formwork elements made of different materials and Material combinations can exist, built up, the formwork elements fixed to each other between each layer with metallic fixing conductors and be distanced. This requires the provision of separate, in particular rod-like stabilizers, which are inside the formwork elements are to be accommodated and with the fixing ladders via a sophisticated system from  Fixing rods, anchor rods and spacer rods are to be connected. This therefore requires a complex construction of the formwork elements and fixing ladders, during construction the walls a precise spacing of the formwork elements and also a awkward handling of the fixing ladders.

The invention has now set itself the task of a formwork block of the beginning mentioned type in such a way that it is lightweight with low weight Handling guaranteed, has a simple structure and both in terms of thermal insulation as well as in terms of indoor climate the possibility of heat storage (heat absorption, heat emission) and the Possibility of storing moisture satisfies.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the outer part made of a heat-insulating, foamed material, in particular based on Polystyrene or polyurethane, and the inner part made of a mineral, temperature and moisture balancing material.

Formwork blocks designed according to the invention, like the known EPS Formwork blocks a light weight, reducing the physical strain on the Construction personnel can be kept low. The material for the inner part ensures a high level of living comfort by achieving a very pleasant indoor climate. By still acting as an insulation element External part are high thermal insulation qualities of such formwork blocks built outer walls of a building achievable.

According to a preferred embodiment of the extension, the inner part is a Clay or concrete based bricks. These materials represent the desired Heat and moisture balance of the formwork block to achieve a pleasant indoor climate.

The connecting elements connecting the outer and inner parts are prefers plastic injection molded parts, what the manufacturing costs Formwork blocks according to the invention is advantageous.  

The connecting elements can now be plate-shaped but also rod or be tubular and are at least with the outer or inner part connected by sliding, gluing or screwing. At a preferred embodiment it is provided that the postponement in Art a dovetail connection.

In the case of connecting elements in the form of rods or tubes, one can also direct connection to the outer part by using the connecting elements screw-like end areas are provided. This allows one direct screwing of the connecting elements into the foamed outer part.

A simple and convenient connection to the inner part is made with a preferred embodiment in that the inner part on its inside Guide grooves for pushing in opposite or trained end or Has edge areas of the connecting elements.

To ensure space-saving transport of the formwork blocks, a further embodiment of the invention provide that the Connecting elements are designed to be foldable, in particular three foldable points are provided, namely one in the middle and one at that Edge area of the connecting elements, which faces a formwork part.

To ensure a safe and simple construction of a wall from the invention To ensure creation stones before filling with filling concrete, it is from Advantage if both the outer and the inner part each on its narrow End faces are equipped with interlocking connections.

Tongue and groove elements are particularly suitable as such connections as well as pimples and recesses interacting with them.

Advantageously, in the interior between the outer and the inner part Creation stones before filling with filling concrete already the empty piping for various installations can be made. For this purpose the Connecting elements with, in particular, integrally molded receiving or Provide locking elements for such installation materials.  

The connection system proposed according to the present invention for formwork blocks that can be built into a wall, when the outer part is made of a foamed material and is soft characterized in that for connecting the outer parts of the formwork blocks planar elements are provided with pins protruding on both sides, nails or the like are provided.

This connection system, which consists of pins, nails or the like provided elements, allows in a particularly simple manner mutually connecting the formwork blocks to build a wall. It has furthermore the advantage that the formwork blocks are not with separate, in the Manufacture of expensive and complex connecting elements, such as knobs or grooved and spring elements must be equipped and also has the advantage that the inner parts do not have to have any connections at all and also not need to be connected.

In preferred embodiments, the flat elements are strips or Plates, in particular made of plastic and in one piece with the nails or Pins are made. These elements are therefore lightweight, easy to manufacture and easy-to-use parts.

Helps ease of use if the dimensions of the flat Elements the respective dimensions of the end faces of the outer parts where they are used, do not exceed or only slightly exceed.

The strips or panels are preferred on the horizontal ones End faces of the outer parts used. Depending on the positioning, it is possible with the strips or panels both side by side as well as one above the other to connect arranged formwork blocks.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing, which shows several embodiments. The individual drawing figures are schematic representations. In the drawings Fig. 1 is an oblique view of a basic embodiment of a formwork brick according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is an oblique view of a further more concrete embodiment of a shuttering stone,

Fig. 2a shows an embodiment of a connecting element of the formwork brick according to FIG. Enlarged scale in some 2,

Fig. 2b is a view of one end portion of the connecting element of Fig. 2a,

Fig. 3 shows a further possible embodiment of a connecting element,

Fig. 4 is an oblique view of an embodiment of one of the parts of the formwork shuttering stone,

Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a shuttering stone,

Fig. 6 is a formwork with mounted pipe installation,

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a foldable formwork stone,

Fig. 7a and 7b are schematic top views of this foldable type,

Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c, and Fig. 9 variants a system for the mutual connection of formwork blocks.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a basic embodiment of a formwork block designed according to the invention, wherein such formwork blocks are particularly intended to form the outer walls of buildings. The formwork block now has a plate-shaped outer part 1 forming the outer wall and a likewise plate-shaped inner part 2 forming the inner wall, which are connected to one another by a number of connecting elements 3 . According to the present invention, the outer part 1 consists of a heat-insulating material, in particular of a plastic foam, for example on the basis of expandable polystyrene or polyurethane, the inner part 2 consists of a mineral material, which has a favorable temperature and for the indoor climate and comfort Moisture compensation enables. The plate-shaped inner part 2 will therefore in particular be a brick made on the basis of clay or concrete, the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 being, for example, a perforated brick. Alternatively, other mineral-based materials, such as plasterboard and the like, can also be used for the inner part 2 .

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the connecting elements 3 are each provided with a hole 3 a in the center and are preferably plastic plates produced by injection molding, both with the outer part 1 and the inner part 2 , for example by pushing or pushing into grooves provided there , which are not shown here, can be connected. These grooves and the push-on edge areas of the connecting elements 3 can be designed or cooperate in the manner of a dovetail guide. Alternatively, it can also be provided to connect the connecting elements 3 to the outer and inner parts 1 , 2 by screwing or gluing.

The connecting elements 3 leave sufficient space between the formwork parts 1 , 2 of the formwork blocks built up to form a wall or a wall part, so that this intermediate space can be filled with filler concrete, in particular lightweight concrete.

In order to ensure a safe construction of the wall before the filling of filling concrete, it is advantageous if, as is shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, both the inner part 2 and the outer part 1 in each case on all of their narrower end faces with tongue and groove elements 1 a, 1 b, 2 a, 2 b are provided so that the formwork blocks can be joined together when building a wall in both the horizontal and vertical directions. As an alternative to this, as shown in FIG. 5, a plug connection can be provided by means of knobs 11 or the like, which can be brought into engagement with recesses of a second formwork block of opposite design. In Fig. 5 only on one end face of the outer part 1 cylindrical knobs 11 are shown. A design with knobs is also possible with inner part 2 .

The outer part 1 can be made from a larger foam block from a corresponding material by cutting, or it can be manufactured as a molded part. The inner part 2 consisting of a mineral material is produced in the manner customary for the material used in each case.

Fig. 2 shows in connection with Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b shows a further embodiment of a connection element 3 '. The tubular connecting elements 3 ', which in this embodiment are also preferably made of plastic and as an injection molded part, are provided at their one end region with a screw thread 3 ' a, the height of which is too low for the associated end of the connecting element 3 '. This allows direct screwing of the connecting element 3 'into the outer part 1 . An annular stop 3 'b limits the screwing-in process. The connection to the second part, to the inner part 2 , can be made by two snap parts 3 'c at the second end region of the connecting elements 3 ', which can be inserted or latched into correspondingly designed openings in the inner part 2 , which are not shown here.

FIG. 2b shows in the upper half of a section through that region of the connection element 3 ', where the screw thread 3' a is provided, the lower half of Fig. 3b shows a side view of this range.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, various receiving devices or latching devices 4 for installation parts, for example installation pipes, cable ducts and the like, can be arranged on these tubular connecting elements 3 ′. Such receptacles 4 can now either be attached to the connecting elements 3 'by placing or plugging them on, or can be shaped at the same time during the production of the connecting elements 3 '.

Fig. 6 shows a in FIG. 2 designed formwork with mounted conduit.

Fig. 3 shows a variant of a connecting element 3 ", which is provided with a screw thread 3 " a. The area of the connecting element 3 "which runs between the inner part 2 and the outer part 1 is of cuboid design and is provided with reinforcing ribs. In this embodiment, too, it can be easily produced as an injection molded part. The end region to be connected to the inner part 2 is provided with guide parts 3 " c provided with which the connecting element 3 "can be pushed on or pushed in or also snapped onto the inner part 2. FIG. 4 shows a possibility of a corresponding configuration on the inside of the inner part 1 , where in cross section L-shaped guides 12 have a corresponding groove for Push in, which is indicated by the arrow, or form for receiving the guide parts 3 "c of the connecting element 3 ".

In Fig. 7 in conjunction with Fig. 7a and 7b, a foldable embodiment of a formwork block according to the invention is shown schematically. The formwork block having an inner part 2 and an outer part 1 in FIG. 7 analogously to FIG. 1 is also provided here with plate-shaped connecting elements 3 ″ ″, which, however, are indicated at three points 6 , which is indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 7, are designed to be foldable. One of the folding points 6 goes in the middle through the connecting element 3 ''', the other two are each provided at the edge areas. To the outer or inner part 1 , 2 . Fig. 7a and 7b show a top view of a running such formwork, Fig. 7a in folded position,

Fig. 7b in the folded position. The folded position is intended for the transport of the stones due to its smaller space requirement. The movable points 6 can, for example, be designed as film hinges, with a large number of further possibilities of a foldable design being of course conceivable. In any case, the design of the positions 6 should be such that no unintentional folding is possible in the opened position.

Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c, and Fig. 9 show embodiments of a connection system according to the invention for shuttering blocks, which may be carried out as described above. In these figures, only the outer part 1 , which is made of plastic foam, is shown of the formwork blocks. The connection system consists of flat elements, such as strips 14 or plates 14 ', which are made in particular of plastic and as injection molded parts and on which pins or nails 15 are formed which protrude on both sides.

Fig. 8b shows an embodiment of the sheet element as a strip 14, each with a number of nails or pins 15. To connect two formwork blocks to be positioned one above the other, as shown in FIG. 8a, a strip 14 is placed on the upper end face of the outer part 1 of the one formwork block and fastened to the outer part 1 with its pins or nails 15 projecting downwards by the pins or the nails 15 are sunk into the outer part 1 until the bar 14 rests on the outer part 1 . Now, only the outer part 1 of the second formwork block needs to be put on, in order to cause pressure or the pressure of the nails or pins 15 projecting on the second side of the strip 14 to penetrate into the outer part 1 of the second formwork block.

Fig. 8c shows a variant of the mutual connection of formwork blocks positioned side by side and one above the other, where on the upper end faces of the two outer parts 1 of the formwork blocks located next to each other a strip 14 is attached and the formwork block to be placed is positioned such that its outer part 1 the joint between covered the two lower outer parts 1 .

Fig. 9 shows a variant in which a flat element is a top view H-shaped plate 14 ', which is provided with a plurality of nails or pins 15 as in the previous embodiment, for connecting adjacent formwork blocks or the outer parts 1 thereof . One of these formwork blocks is designed as a corner block. The plate 14 'is positioned so that it covers the parting line between the two outer parts 1 . At the same time, this plate 14 is used for connection to the formwork block, not shown here, to be placed at this point. The design as a plate 14 'is particularly suitable for ensuring a very stable connection which easily withstands the pressure (see the arrows in FIG. 9) when filling the formwork blocks with concrete, which is important, for example, in the corner areas of walls .

For easy handling, it is advantageous if the dimensions of the flat elements, the strips 14 or plates 14 'are kept rather small, the dimensions of the flat elements being chosen in particular so that they correspond to the respective dimensions of the end faces of the outer parts 1 , where they are are used, do not exceed or only slightly exceed.

The connection system according to the invention allows a safe and simple connection of formwork blocks to build a wall, both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. The inner parts of the formwork blocks do not require a separate connection system. It is particularly advantageous when using this connection system that the outer parts do not have to be specially machined or executed in order to be connected via the strips 14 or plates 14 ′ provided with pins or nails 15 . The execution of the strips or plates is possible in a large number of further variants, this relating both to the arrangement of the nails or pins and to the geometric shape of the strips or plates.

The dimensions of formwork blocks designed according to the invention can be in vary over a relatively wide range. To the weight and manageability of the Leaving formwork blocks to a reasonable extent will be a length of about 75 cm, a height of about 20 cm and a depth of about 30 cm appropriate his. It is also noted that the formwork blocks are already with appropriate exterior and / or interior plaster can be provided or only subsequently plastered (after installing the walls or the building) can.

Claims (16)

1. Formwork block with an outer part and an inner part spaced apart from it and having a smaller wall thickness, the outer and inner part being connected to one another by a number of connecting elements and the cavity between the outer and inner part having a load-bearing filling material, in particular lightweight concrete, Can be filled, characterized in that the outer part ( 1 ) consists of a heat-insulating, foamed material, in particular based on polystyrene or polyurethane, and the inner part ( 2 ) consists of a mineral, temperature and moisture balancing material. 2. Formwork block according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part ( 2 ) is a brick based on clay or concrete. 3. Formwork block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 3 , 3 ', 3 ") are injection molded parts made of plastic. 4. Formwork block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 3 , 3 ', 3 ") are plate-shaped or rod-shaped or tubular and with the outer and / or inner part ( 1 , 2 ) connected by sliding, screwing or gluing. 5. formwork block according to claim 4, characterized in that the Slip on in the manner of a dovetail joint. 6. Formwork block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rod-like or tubular connecting elements ( 3 ') have a screw-like end region provided for direct connection to the outer part ( 1 ). 7. Formwork block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inner part ( 2 ) has on its inside guide grooves for pushing in opposite end or edge regions of the connecting elements ( 3 , 3 ', 3 "). 8. Formwork block according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 3 ") are foldable and in particular have three articulated points ( 6 ), centrally and in each case on their edge areas associated with the formwork parts ( 1 , 2 ) . 9. Formwork block according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 3 ') are provided with, in particular, molded-on receiving or latching elements ( 4 )' for installation materials, in particular pipes and cable ducts. 10. Formwork block according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outer and / or the inner part ( 1 , 2 ) are equipped on their side surfaces with interlocking or interlocking connections. 11. Formwork block according to claim 10, characterized in that the connections are tongue and groove elements ( 1 a, 1 b, 2 a, 2 b) or knobs ( 11 ) and with these interacting depressions. 12. Connection system for formwork blocks which can be built up to a wall and which are designed according to one or more of claims 1 to 11 and in which the outer part consists in each case of a foamed material, characterized in that flat elements are provided for connecting the outer parts ( 1 ) of formwork blocks are provided with pins, nails ( 15 ) or the like projecting on both sides. 13. Connection system according to claim 12, characterized in that the flat elements are strips, plates ( 14 , 14 ') or the like, which are in particular made of plastic and in one piece with the pins or nails ( 15 ). 14. Connection system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the dimensions of the planar elements do not exceed the respective dimensions of the end faces of the outer parts ( 1 ), where they are used, or only slightly. 15. Connection system according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the strips or plates ( 14 , 14 ') are used on the horizontally extending end faces of the outer parts ( 1 ). 16. Connection system according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that with the strips or plates ( 14 , 14 ') both side by side and formwork blocks positioned one above the other are connected to one another.