AT520407A1 - An element - Google Patents

Abstract

Shuttering element (1) and method for producing a shuttering element, with a shuttering plate (2), which has at least one hollow chamber (3), wherein the formwork skin (4) of the shuttering plate (2) has a through hole (5) through which a connection of outside in the hollow chamber (3) is possible, wherein an anchoring element (7) through the through hole (5) in the hollow chamber (3), and wherein the anchoring element (7) with a casting compound (8) in the hollow chamber (3) is attached.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork element, with a formwork panel, which has at least one hollow chamber and a method for producing a formwork panel.

The erection of concrete components takes place with the help of formwork. These take over the support of the concrete during and after concreting until reaching a sufficient strength and determine the shape. The stripping takes place as soon as the concrete has hardened so far that it can absorb loads, no more deformations occur and when stripping the risk of damage to the concrete surface is only low.

Formwork blocks (also referred to as Schalsteine) known for decades, which contain one or more up and down open cavities and which can be made of a variety of materials. The formwork blocks fulfill the same main tasks of a conventional formwork as in particular the support of the concrete until it has reached a sufficient strength and the shape of the concrete.

The formwork bricks are placed on top of each other like conventional bricks. This creates a cavity that extends from the top stone row to the bottom stone row and then filled with concrete or other suitable binder compound. The concrete ensures a high load-bearing capacity of the walls after curing and good sound insulation. The walls of the formwork blocks usually themselves have no static function, but serve as formwork for the concrete and remain even after curing of the concrete on the component (lost formwork).

For better thermal insulation formwork blocks were developed in which the outer shell of an insulating material and the inner shell of a mineral material, such as brick, clay or concrete, is made. A problem that arises in the production of such formwork systems from two different materials, the outer and inner shell is to be connected so that the element has sufficient stability for transport and processing on site and withstand the concrete pressure when filling the cavity.

Such formwork stone is known from DE 199 37 588 Al. The outer shell of insulating material and the inner shell of a mineral material are connected to one another with spacers (there "connecting elements") in which the spacers are glued or screwed onto the mutually facing surfaces of the inner or outer shell.

GB 707 479 describes a formwork in which the inner shell and the outer shell are constructed from a hollow brick. The shells are held with spacers at a certain distance from each other. The hollow bricks have for fixing the spacers on the upper and lower edges slots, in which the spacers are introduced.

The NL 7600672 A shows formwork blocks, which are also held by spacers from each other at the desired distance. Starting from the bearing joint, the spacers grip vertically into chambers of the shuttering blocks.

EP 0 351 668 A1 discloses a spacer for a curtain wall wherein the desired distance between the facade and the main wall is made by dowels secured in bores.

A spacer which is drilled in a wall is also known from GB 2 180 286 A.

Further formworks with spacers are known, for example, from EP 1 596 021 A2, DE 9313091 or NL 7600672.

In WO 2012/095884 Al, the outer and inner shuttering panel of a shuttering block made of heat-insulating material and connected with spacers. Such formwork blocks are also known under the name ICF (Insulating Concrete Form). With a small wall thickness of the formwork panels such shuttering blocks have a low stability and can withstand only a low concrete pressure when filling the shell, so that special precautions during filling are required, which increases the effort in use. On the other hand - especially for large wall thickness - the

Formwork core (that is, the material with which the formwork was filled) due to the double-sided insulation do not compensate for the room climate (temperature and humidity) contribute. Furthermore, a component activation by the directed to the building interior insulating layer can not be carried out efficiently.

The spacers are usually glued or screwed to the formwork panels in the prior art. An adhesive bond has the disadvantage that it often does not withstand the loads when filling the formwork with concrete and dissolves. In addition, the adhesive bond before filling with concrete, especially in construction sites outdoors, also solve weather conditions. The fixation with screws has the disadvantage that a continuous from the outside through the entire formwork panel hole is a weak point in terms of heat and moisture protection.

Compared with the known formworks, it is an object of the invention to provide a formwork element of the type mentioned, in which a spacer for connection to another formwork element is attached to the formwork element in a simple and reliable manner or can be attached, this attachment a possible should have high stability.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a manufacturing method for such a formwork element.

This object is achieved by a formwork element of the type mentioned in that the formwork of the formwork panel has at least one through hole through which a connection from the outside (ie outside the hollow chamber) is made possible in the hollow chamber, wherein an anchoring element through the at least one through hole extends into the hollow chamber, wherein the anchoring element with a casting compound (in particular with a hardenable or hardened casting compound) is secured in the hollow chamber. The anchoring element is, for example, a part of a spacer or is used to produce a spacer together with other components. Of course, several through holes and at most as many anchoring elements can be provided.

The formwork panel is preferably a hollow chamber panel, which has longitudinally arranged hollow chambers and at least two substantially flat surfaces (belt plates), which are arranged parallel to each other and connected to each other by webs. These hollow-core panels have a high flexural strength, load-bearing capacity and stability in relation to plates made of solid material - low weight. The formlining designates that side surface of a formwork, which when filling the formwork with a filling material, e.g. Concrete, comes in contact. The formwork skin is therefore essentially the inside of the formwork or (in each case) the belt plate of the formwork panel which is arranged in use inside the formwork. The basic form of the formwork panel is essentially a flat cuboid. The two largest surfaces of the formwork panel are the formwork skin and the outer surface opposite the formwork skin (relative to the entire formwork). The top and bottom surfaces of the formwork panel, when used, are the upper and lower bearing surfaces. The two remaining surfaces of the formwork panel are the abutment surfaces.

As a through hole is generally referred to in the context of the present invention, an opening or a hole, which is arranged in a side surface of the formwork panel, the formwork skin. For the at least one through hole, a position is preferably selected in which the mechanical load on the anchoring element and thus also on the formwork skin when filling concrete into the formwork is minimal. Particularly preferably, the position of the at least one through-hole is selected so that adjacent anchoring elements - and thus also the spacers having them - lie in a straight line when the formwork is erected. Preferably, the through hole is circumferentially completely surrounded by the material of the formwork panel. That it is an opening with a cross-section closed on all sides in the plane of the formwork. The at least one through hole is preferably designed as a hole or through hole. The through holes are not bound to any particular shape; they may be round, rectangular, oval, elliptical or have any other suitable geometric shape. The shape is mainly determined by how the through-hole is made: thus, through-holes made by drilling are usually round in shape. Alternatively, the through-hole may be e.g. to be stung; In this case, any shape can be produced. The size of the through hole is also dependent on the dimensions of the anchoring element to be anchored in the casting material. In a preferred embodiment of the anchoring elements, round openings in particular measure 1.2-1.6 cm in diameter or, if the through-holes are formed as a rectangle, preferably 1.2-1.6 cm x 1.2-1.6 cm. This size of the through-holes also makes it possible for them to be introduced into the hollow chambers in question by means of an extrusion gun, an injection lance or a similar method for anchoring the anchoring element. In general, the through hole to the hollow chamber should be kept as small as possible, since it represents a possible break point and can influence or impair the stability of the shuttering panel. In one embodiment of the invention in hollow chambers, in which the anchoring of the anchoring elements takes place, the webs which separate the hollow chambers from each other, carried out stronger than in webs of hollow chambers in which no anchoring takes place.

In particular, the at least one through hole is not arranged on the edge of the formwork skin, so that the load on the outer edge of the formwork panel during filling of the formwork can be reduced. Preferably, the at least one through hole is arranged only on one side surface, the formwork skin. In particular, the side surface (outer surface) of the shuttering panel opposite the formlining has no through-hole. Penetration of both sides of the formwork panel with the attendant disadvantages (such as no smooth, homogeneous wall surface, weak spots with regard to heat and moisture protection) can be avoided. Become used for the formwork panel Tonhohlplatten, the creation of at least one through hole can be done before burning the brick shells by at least one through hole is made in clay preferably by drilling, cutting, grooving, milling or similar measures. Instead of Tonhohlplatten can also Langlochziegel, so find bricks with horizontally extending to the bearing surface perforations, use. The at least one through-hole may also be made after the bricks have been fired by making a corresponding through-hole by abrasive machining such as drilling, milling, grinding or equivalent methods. The resulting drilling dust or brick dust must be removed before introducing a casting compound by suitable measures, such as by compressed air or suction devices. The at least one through-hole is preferably mounted in the hollow chamber plate at half height (relative to an orientation of the formwork stone in use, i.e. between the two bearing surfaces) or half width (relative to the cross-section of the hollow chamber, transverse to the longitudinal extent) of the connected hollow chamber.

A portion of the anchoring element extends through the at least one through hole into the interior of the hollow chamber. A part of the anchoring element is arranged substantially within the longitudinal extent of the through hole. The anchoring element is fastened with a (hardenable or hardened) casting compound in the hollow chamber. As a casting material is, for example, a casting resin, resin, mortar, screed o.Ä. intended. The following properties must preferably be taken into account when selecting the casting compound chosen for anchoring: high early and final strength, high pull-out resistance, good adhesion to the walls of the hollow chambers and to the anchoring element, sufficient pumpability (eg for pumping through an injection lance), none or only low hydration delay, shrinkage compensation, ideally a source size of about +0.5 volume percentage points. Therefore, grouting mortars are preferably used for anchoring, which are high-strength, cement-bonded and non-shrinking mortars in accordance with the guidelines of the German Committee for Reinforced Concrete (DAfStb). The grouting mortars can also be plastic-modified to improve their properties. Although the use of cementitious grouts is the preferred embodiment, the use of other types of mortars or special mortars, such as resin bonded or resin impregnated mortars or concretes, as well as the use of one or two component injection adhesives is also possible. Due to the flow properties of the casting compound in the uncured state, the section of the anchoring element projecting into the hollow chamber is essentially completely embedded in the casting compound. As a result, after the curing of the casting compound, the attachment of the anchoring element within the hollow chamber is more stable than would be the case with screw or adhesive connections. Preferably, the formwork panel of brick, clay or similar. produced, wherein the at least one through hole is created during or after the production process of the formwork panel.

The formwork element is preferably as a component, i. Inner or outer shell, a formwork block (see below) formed. Accordingly, the shuttering panel on the two bearing surfaces and / or on the two abutment surfaces a tongue and groove formation, a Stufenfalzform or projections and recesses have, which - when the formwork blocks are stacked or juxtaposed - interlock. This facilitates the alignment of the formwork modules during assembly. The thickness of the formwork panel between formwork facing and outside is preferably 4 to 6 cm, the height between the two bearing surfaces preferably 20 to 50 cm and the length between the two abutment surfaces preferably 50 to 100 cm, without the invention being limited to these dimensions. The thickness of the formwork panel is determined in particular by the expected concrete pressure during filling of the formwork module.

In order to ensure a particularly good attachment of the anchoring element in the hollow chamber, the anchoring element may have a profile for the positive connection with the casting material. The profile is, for example, wedge, mushroom, swallowtail or spiral, with numerous other shapes possible. At the numerous surfaces of the profile, which preferably have a different orientation or different angles to each other, the casting compound can attach particularly well, resulting in a particularly reliable attachment or anchoring of the anchoring element. A reliable anchoring can also be achieved, inter alia, that the anchoring element - analogous to the rib structure in reinforcing steels - also has oblique ribs or indentations and thereby the surface of the end portions is increased. These ribs may be arranged merely on one side of the anchoring element, but advantageously on both sides or over the entire surface of the section of the anchoring element projecting into the hollow chamber. The width and height of the ribs as well as the inclination of the ribs may vary to achieve better adhesion. As with the BSt 500 S rebar, for example, the ribs of one row may have different inclinations while the ribs on the opposite side are parallel to one another. The ribs can also be arranged as a thread and extend helically around the spacer. Similar embodiments, such as a series of annular grooves are also conceivable. In addition to ribs or indentations, a good anchoring of the anchoring element in the casting compound can also be achieved by grooves, depressions or openings on or in the anchoring element. Likewise, by a geometric configuration of the anchoring element, such as by a dovetail shape, notches, undercuts, conical shapes, or arrow-shaped, trumpet-shaped, mushroom-shaped, club-shaped, short-wave curved, teardrop-shaped, flaky or serrated design of the protruding into the hollow chamber portion of the anchoring element an improvement anchorage can be achieved. In order to facilitate the penetration of the anchoring element in the casting material, a configuration may be provided which facilitates this by their shape, such as a conical or pyramidal shape, a tapered end, tapered shape o the blade shape.

In one embodiment, the anchoring element is part of a one-piece spacer whose side opposite the anchoring element is attached to or in a second formwork panel or is adapted for attachment to or in a second formwork panel. Accordingly, the spacer has a fastening element, in particular a further anchoring element, for the second shuttering panel, wherein the fastening element is connected to the (first) anchoring element via a connecting element. The connecting element thus forms a central part (also connecting part) of the

Spacer, which determines the distance between the two formwork panels.

The spacer may have holding elements for pipes, reinforcements and / or cable lines. Thus, during the erection of the formwork, pipes, especially pipes for concrete core activation, reinforcements and / or cable lines can be placed directly in the intermediate space of the formwork, which e.g. filled with concrete can be arranged. Depending on the weather, a hot or cold fluid can be passed through the tubes, as a result of which there is essentially a thermal component activation. This allows a pleasant room climate to be set throughout the year. The holding elements enable a firm and positionally accurate reinforcement guide and thus an improvement in the static values of the concrete wall erected therewith.

In an alternative embodiment, the anchoring element has a plug connection part arranged outside the formwork plate, so that the anchoring element can be connected to a connection element via a plug connection for producing a spacer. That the anchoring element and the connecting element are initially separate parts that are connected before the erection of a formwork. The plug-in connection can be set up for latching, hooking in, hooking in or clipping in. In particular, the plug connection part can have a plug, a socket or a coupling for such a plug connection with a suitably designed connection element.

The spacer allows a predetermined distance to a further formwork panel, wherein between the two formwork panels a gap, for example. is formed for a concrete filling. That The two formwork panels together form a formwork. If the spacer is at least in two parts (eg anchoring element in the first shuttering panel and connecting element together with anchoring in the second shuttering panel), in particular in three parts or in several parts (eg anchoring elements in both shuttering panels and at least one separate connecting element), the connecting elements can, depending on the requirements for the formwork, be connected with the anchoring elements, which are anchored in the formwork panel. In particular, the length of the connecting elements can be suitably selected if different connecting elements of different lengths are provided. In the one-piece embodiment, there is the advantage that a particularly reliable and stable connection between the anchoring element and the connecting element is ensured. In a two-part, three-part or multi-part design, e.g. with at least one connector, there is a simpler transport of the individual formwork panels, since the dimensions and the volume of the individual formwork panels is less than that of the formwork, which naturally includes an empty space. Other advantages of the multi-part formwork, in which the spacers can be assembled on site, are: adaptability to complex reinforcement situations (shells can be built around vertical reinforcement, eg for pillars, use of reinforcing bars and baskets possible); less complexity of the spacers (i.e., cheaper tools, easier manufacture); easy adaptation to different wall thicknesses by providing connecting elements (between the anchoring elements) in different lengths.

The anchoring element (and possibly the connecting element) may be made of a different material than the formwork panel, in particular of a plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic or a composite material, so that the formwork panel on the one hand and the anchoring element on the other hand may have a different and adapted to the particular application thermal conductivity , The materials mentioned have high strength values with a low volume. In particular, if the entire spacer is made of one of these materials, concrete filling is minimized and an approximately continuous formwork core (e.g., concrete layer) is achieved because the total volume of interruptions in the formwork core caused by the spacers is minimized. In addition, such materials have a relatively low thermal conductivity, thereby improving the thermal insulation properties of the formwork. It has been found that spacers made of plastic materials reach strength values that the conditions imposed on spacers (tensile, shear, tear, bending strength, low thermal conductivity, high durability, chemical resistance, especially against the high alkalinity of the concrete etc .) able to fulfill. Suitable materials for this are, in particular, fiber-reinforced materials, such as, for example, glass fibers or basalt fibers reinforced polyamides. These spacers have a lower thermal conductivity than, for example, spacers made of metal, concrete, clay or similar materials and are chemically resistant. In particular, if the production by injection molding, they can also be made in more complex structures, such as those for receiving steel reinforcements, casings, etc. are desirable (see below). In addition, plastic spacers have sufficient stability, but at the same time have a deformability and bending ability, which keeps the risk of forced loading especially the inner shell by a rigid connection low. Although plastic spacers are the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited thereto. Specifically, where the spacers are not subject to any special heat-related requirements, such as in interior walls, the spacers (i.e., anchoring element (s) and connecting element) can be made, for example, from metallic materials.

In order to fasten the anchoring element particularly securely and stably on the formwork skin, the anchoring element can have a flange arranged outside the formwork panel. The flange stabilizes the anchoring element and ensures that the angle between the anchoring element and the formwork skin remains substantially constant during the curing of the casting compound. In addition, a possible escape of casting compound from the through hole in the direction of the facing skin is prevented by the flange. Moreover, during manufacture, the flange limits the insertion depth of the anchoring element through the through hole and facilitates exact positioning of the anchoring element.

Preferably, the flange on the formwork skin is fitting, preferably fixed, in particular glued. Essentially, an adhesive is used which has a particularly short curing time, so that the adhesive bond as quickly as possible, the stabilizing effect for the anchoring element, during curing of the casting material has.

In order to produce as reliable a connection as possible to a further formwork panel, the formwork panel may comprise at least two, preferably at least three anchoring elements arranged in further through-holes and fixed in a hollow chamber (i.e., not necessarily the same hollow chamber) by means of the molding compound. The number of anchoring elements is essentially dependent on the surface of the formwork panel, their strength and the length of the connecting elements. In particular, with larger shuttering panels more anchoring elements are preferred because they ensure a more stable connection to another formwork panel and achieve a load distribution in the filling of the formwork and thus reduce the local stress on the formwork panel in the region of the individual through holes. For fixing the plurality of anchoring elements, a plurality of hollow chambers may be provided. The shuttering panel may, for example, along its longitudinal extent hollow chambers in the form of slots, which are arranged one above the other and vertically spaced from each other. One, two, three or more anchoring elements can be fastened in the same or in different hollow chambers. The through holes for the anchoring elements are preferably arranged symmetrically at equal intervals around the center point in order to achieve a uniform load distribution on the formwork panel when filling the formwork. In order to achieve the highest possible stability, the through holes are not arranged on the edge or the edge of the formwork skin.

The anchoring elements and the prefabricated through-holes are preferably arranged in the form of a grid. The number of through holes determines the maximum number of usable anchoring elements and usable spacers. With a length of the formwork panel of, for example, 100 cm and a height of 25 cm, a preferred embodiment of the invention per four spacers (with the corresponding anchoring elements) in two rows, a total of eight spacers before. The spacers in this embodiment are preferably spaced horizontally 25 cm apart, the leftmost or rightmost spacers have a distance of substantially 12.5 cm to the left and right abutment surface. The upper row of spacers has a distance to the upper bearing surface of preferably 3 to 7 cm, as well as the lower row to the lower bearing surface. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the number of through holes and thus the number of spacers and / or their spacing depend on the length of the formwork element, the innerliner flexural strength, the pull-out strength of the spacers, and the thickness of formwork fill / formwork core, e.g. the core concrete layer, from.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least three anchoring elements are arranged on the formwork skin such that at least one anchoring element lies outside a connecting straight line between two further anchoring elements. In essence, the at least three anchoring elements are preferably arranged at the vertices of a triangle. This form of arrangement is particularly stable, especially against tilting or twisting of the formwork panels connected via the anchoring elements.

Preferably, the casting composition is a curable casting composition with a positive Quellmaß. Due to the positive swelling dimension, an increase in the volume of the casting compound takes place during hardening of the casting compound, the advantage being that the casting compound produces the largest possible contact with the side surfaces within the hollow chamber. This improves the anchoring of the spacer in the hollow chamber. Due to the positive swelling dimension, the profile of the anchoring element in bottlenecks or corner points of the profile is completely enveloped by the casting compound, since the expanding casting compound fills in bottlenecks and corner points of the profile.

Through the through holes for introducing the anchoring elements, the inner shell undergoes a weakening. This is especially the case when the inner shell is a Tonhohlplatte. In this context, it has been found to be advantageous if in the hollow chamber and on the formwork skin adjacent a perforated belt made of metal or plastic is arranged, which has a with the at least one through hole substantially congruent opening. Metal or plastic generally have a higher flexural strength than mineral cellular plates and therefore contribute to a static reinforcement of the hollow chambers. For reasons of cost and because of their lower susceptibility to corrosion, the use of plastic for the perforated strip is preferred. The perforated belt is slightly narrower than the hollow chamber, so it can be easily inserted; the length of the perforated strip corresponds to the length of the formwork panel. The thickness of the perforated belt can be between 1 and 3 mm, depending on the material used. The openings of the perforated belt are arranged so that they lie after insertion of the perforated tape in the hollow chamber over the through holes of the hollow chambers and thus result in through openings. The dimensions and distances of the openings of the perforated belt correspond to those of the through holes of the hollow chambers or are slightly larger, so that even if the perforated belt is not completely exactly inserted into the hollow chamber, at least results in a through opening. In a variant of the perforated belt, this has elevations which are arranged so as to prevent or at least significantly restrict the spreading of the casting compound in the longitudinal direction of the hollow chamber. So that the perforated strip does not shift during the further processing of the shuttering blocks, a variant of the invention provides that it is fixed in its position. This can be done by gluing, by appropriate shape of the perforated bands, so that it comes for example when inserted into the hollow chambers to a clamping connection, or by holding devices during processing.

In a preferred embodiment, a formwork module is provided, which is a formwork element according to one of the above variants and has a further formwork panel, wherein the two formwork panels are interconnected via at least one spacer, wherein the anchoring element is an element of the at least one spacer. The formwork skin of the first formwork panel and the formliner of the second formwork panel are arranged substantially parallel and to each other, with the space or cavity located between the formwork panels being provided with a formwork filling, e.g. Concrete, to be filled. The formwork filling forms a formwork core. The spacer holds the two formwork panels at a predetermined distance, wherein the spacer has at least one anchoring element which is anchored in the first formwork panel according to one of the embodiments described above.

In one embodiment of the formwork block both formwork panels are each part of a formwork element according to the invention, i. It is also the second formwork panel part of a formwork element according to the invention. This embodiment is suitable, for example, for the erection of interior walls or for fire protection.

Preferably, the two formwork panels are made of different materials. This has the advantage that the materials used for the shuttering panels, depending on the requirements of the formwork, e.g. concerning thermal insulation properties, can be chosen accordingly. In particular, when used for outer walls, different requirements are placed on the two sides of the formwork module.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the material of the first shuttering panel has a higher heat transfer coefficient than the material of the second shuttering panel. The first shuttering panel can preferably be used as an inner shell, wherein a good heat conduction, in particular for the component activation may be advantageous because the heat exchange is facilitated with the formwork core. The second shuttering panel, the outer shell, may preferably be used as a heat-insulating shuttering panel. After the construction of an outer wall, the outer surface of the outer shell may be protected by plaster from the weather. For the (first) formwork panel of the formwork element according to the invention, e.g. for use as an inner shell, preferably mineral material, such as fired clay, in particular as Tonhohlplatte, also referred to as Hourdis or hollow brick plate, pumice, concrete, ultra high-strength concrete (UHPC), may be provided. A production of other materials such as plastic or wood-plastic-component (WPC) is also possible. If the formwork panel is made of clay, it has a number of advantages, such as wood, gypsum, cement fiber boards or cement-bonded flat-pressed plates do not or not to this extent. It is moisture-resistant and permeable, has a much higher strength than panels made of insulating material, has a good adhesion to plaster, with changes in temperature and humidity, there are only very small volume changes, it has a high fire resistance, emits in a fire no Gases and is resistant to pests, such as termites. A clay hollow plate retains its high strength even when wet concrete is filled and does not swell. Due to the diffusion-openness, the inner shell is able to take in excess water from the concrete filling and release it again. The ability to absorb and release moisture well, the room climate is also positively influenced.

If the shuttering panel is a Tonhohlplatte, it may have two belt plates, which are interconnected by transverse webs, so that a plurality in the longitudinal direction of the formwork panel continuous cavities (hollow chambers) are formed. The transverse webs may for example be arranged perpendicular to the belt plates. At a height transverse to the longitudinal direction of, for example, 25 cm, the clay hollow plate may preferably have between four to six hollow chambers. The two belt plates usually have the same web strength, but there are also versions with different strengths possible. Although the use of dual belt plates is the preferred form of application, the invention is not so limited but is applicable to embodiments having three or more belt plates.

Preferably, the further (second) formwork panel is made of an insulating material, in particular foamed insulation materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), resin-based (phenolic resin, resole resin) or polyurethane-based (PUR), e.g. polyurethane

Rigid foam panels. The second formwork panel is referred to in this case as Dämmschale. However, the insulating material can also consist of mineral raw materials, such as mineral foam boards, or of insulating material from renewable resources, such as insulating material made of wood foam, provided that these materials have the stability and compressive strength required for the formwork block according to the invention, such as. is required for the anchoring of the spacers and for the concrete filling.

The outer shell formed by the second formwork panel may have a greater depth than the inner shell formed by the first formwork panel, preferably at least 10 to 15 cm or more. This ensures a high level of insulation performance, which means that, amongst other things, the requirements of the EU Building Directive (Nearly Zero Building) applicable from 2020 or 2021 can be met. In addition, due to the high insulation thickness, the spacers connecting the two shells can be anchored deeper and more securely in the insulating layer than would be possible with a thin insulating shell. Due to the great depth of the insulation, the strength also increases compared to the concrete pressure arising during concreting and makes buckling or bursting of the outer shell less likely.

In connection with the above-mentioned foamed insulating materials, it is advantageous if the spacer has an anchoring flange on a side opposite the anchoring element, which is foamed into the insulating material. This allows a simple and reliable attachment of the anchoring flange in the insulating material, wherein the anchoring flange is preferably at the same time foamed with the production of the second shuttering panel in the insulating material. The flange ensures a better distribution of the forces introduced into the insulating layer through its surface. The flange can be made of the same material as the rest of the spacer and are produced with this in the same manufacturing process or, for example, consist of an injection molding material and applied in a separate manufacturing step on the Ab standhalter. For spacers made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GfK) or basaltfaserver-reinforced plastic (BfK) is particularly advantageous for manufacturing reasons attachment of the flanges to the spacers with an adhesive. Since the spacers do not penetrate the outer shell, an insulating layer remains between the spacer end region and the outer edge of the insulation, which together with the poorly heat-conducting properties of the spacers prevents the formation of thermal bridges.

Furthermore, the above object is achieved according to the invention by a manufacturing method of the type mentioned, wherein the method for producing a shuttering element with a shuttering plate and an anchoring element comprises the following steps: - introducing a hardenable casting material into a hollow chamber of a formwork panel; - Introducing an anchoring element through a through hole in the formwork skin of the formwork panel in the casting material in the hollow chamber.

The curable casting composition is substantially in a liquid state prior to introduction into the hollow chamber. The casting compound can be introduced into the hollow chamber through a through hole which allows a connection into the interior of the hollow chamber, or from a lateral opening of the hollow chamber at an abutment surface (in the case of horizontal hollow chambers) or a bearing surface (in the case of vertical hollow chambers) and along the hollow chamber. The amount of casting compound introduced depends essentially on the dimension, in particular on the cross section, of the hollow chamber. When introducing the anchoring element through the through hole into the hollow chamber, this gets in contact with the previously introduced casting compound. In this case, the casting compound sets in particular to the surfaces and edges of the anchoring element, whereby after curing, a positive connection is made, which fixes the anchoring element in the hollow chamber. The method according to the invention also comprises the reverse procedure, in which first the anchoring element is arranged in the hollow chamber, and in a second step the casting compound is passed over a lateral opening of the hollow chamber, e.g. over the abutment surface, is introduced into the corresponding hollow chamber.

For introducing the hardenable casting compound into the hollow chamber via the through hole or from a lateral opening along the hollow chamber, an injection lance can preferably be used. Thus, the casting compound can be introduced as accurately as possible and essentially loss-free targeted in the hollow chamber. Alternatively, other suitable injection systems, such as a squeeze gun, grout, mortar syringe, mortar lance or mortar press can be used.

In the context of the present method can be provided to glue a flange of the anchoring element to the formwork skin of the formwork panel so that it closes the through hole.

The at least one through hole in the formwork skin of the formwork panel can be made prior to introduction of the curable casting material, for example by drilling, cutting, grooving or milling, so that by the at least one through hole connection is made possible from the outside into the hollow chamber.

Since the casting material serves as an abutment for the anchoring element of a spacer, a complete backfilling of the hollow chambers is indeed possible, but not mandatory. Ideally, the backfilling of the hollow chambers takes place in such a way that adhesion of the casting compound takes place at four points, namely at the two side surfaces (the side surface of the formwork facing the hollow chamber and the opposite surface), as well as at the top and bottom of the hollow chamber crossbars good introduction of the thrust and tensile forces occurring in the concrete filling in the inner shell to allow. In order to improve the adhesion of the casting compound to the hollow chamber walls, they can be treated by spraying, wetting or treatment with an agent that improves the adhesion. Depending on the mortar to improve adhesion usually just the simple pre-wetting of the hollow chambers. Unless the specific purpose of the entire brick channel is lapsed with mortar, it can be ensured by suitable measures that the spread of the mortar is made so that it is only in the area of the through hole. By using highly thixotropic mortar, an undesirable spread of the casting compound in the hollow chamber can largely be obviated. A limitation of the mortar spreading can also be achieved if, for example, by the use of mesh sleeves, centering spouts or even tissue, which is filled up by the injected mortar sock-shaped, the spread of the mortar is selectively controlled. A mortar delimitation can also take place in such a way that shapes are introduced into the hollow chambers via the abutment surfaces, which subdivide the channels in the region of the perforations into individual chambers. Furthermore, a limitation of the mortar propagation can take place in that mounting foam, which is introduced via one or both abutment surfaces and / or the through holes of the inner shell in the hollow chambers so that it virtually subdivides the hollow chambers into chambers, whereby an undesirable spread of the mortar is prevented.

The formwork panel must absorb the bending tension stresses occurring on the outside of the shell during concreting and the compressive stresses on the inside of the shell. It is known that by applying a coating, the strength of, for example, masonry can be increased. It can therefore be advantageously achieved an increase in the bending tensile strength of the formwork panel by the application of a glass fiber fabric or a synthetic resin concrete layer. This coating may be present on one and / or both sides of the formwork panel.

The formwork panel according to the invention or the formwork module according to the invention is particularly suitable for component activation. Component activation or concrete core activation refers to systems that use the building mass, which is already present, for temperature regulation. Concrete is suitable for thermal activation like no other material. The principle is the following: In solid ceilings and / or solid walls are preferably water-flow pipelines that act as heating or cooling elements. The components are thereby thermally activated as a transmission and storage mass.

The heavier a component, the higher its storage capacity - this makes concrete an ideal storage medium. Concrete absorbs the heat (or cold) in the formwork module according to the invention and releases it again with a time delay (phase shift) and thus also prevents the emergence of a so-called "barrack climate", ie overheating of the living spaces.

The invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments, to which it should not be limited, and with reference to the drawings.

The drawings show in detail:

Figure 1 shows schematically a section of a formwork element according to the invention with a formwork panel and with an anchoring element.

FIG. 2a schematically shows a perspective view of a spacer with an anchoring element; FIG.

Fig. 2b shows schematically a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the spacer with an anchoring element and a flange;

2c schematically shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of the spacer with an anchoring element;

Fig. 3a shows schematically a section of a formwork panel;

Fig. 3b shows schematically a section of an alternative embodiment of the formwork panel;

FIG. 4 schematically shows a perspective view of an anchoring element according to FIG. 2a; FIG.

5 is a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the anchoring element;

6 is a schematic perspective view of a formwork module with two formwork panels and a plurality of spacers;

7 shows schematically a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the spacer with two anchoring elements;

FIG. 8 schematically shows a section of a formwork module with a spacer according to FIG. 7 in the anchored state; FIG.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a perspective view of a first shuttering panel with anchored spacers according to FIG. 7; FIG.

Fig. 10 schematically shows a perspective view of several

Shuttering panels according to FIG. 9 for component activation;

11 is a schematic perspective view of a plurality of assembled formwork modules;

12 is a schematic perspective view of a three-part spacer; and

Fig. 13 shows schematically a section of a formwork module with two Tonhohlplatten as formwork panels.

Fig. 1 shows a section of a portion of a formwork element 1, with a formwork plate 2, which has a plurality of hollow chambers 3. The formlining 4 of the formwork panel 2 has a through hole 5 through which a connection is made possible from the outside into one of the hollow chambers 3. An anchoring element 7 is concave and extends through its associated through hole 5 in the formwork 4 of the first formwork panel 2 in the hollow chamber 3. There it is anchored in a curable casting compound 8 (for example, grout). In order to limit the penetration depth into the hollow chamber 3 and to prevent the escape of casting compound 8 from the hollow chamber 3, the anchoring element 7 has a flange 10, which is connected with an adhesive (not shown here) with the formwork 4 of the first formwork panel 2 is. The fixing of the anchoring element 7 takes place in two ways: on the one hand by the positive anchoring of the profile 11 of the anchoring element 7 with a concave annular recess in the cured casting 8, on the other hand by the glued on the formwork 4 of the first formwork panel 2 flange 10 of the anchoring element. 7 Starting from a side of the flange 10 facing away from the shuttering panel 2, the beginning of a connecting element 9 connected to the anchoring element 7 is shown simplified with an oblique breaking edge (to indicate that the connecting element 9 does not terminate at this point).

Fig. 2a shows a one-piece rod-shaped spacer 12, which has an anchoring element 16, an elongated connecting element 14 and a circular flange 15. The anchoring element 16 has at one end a mushroom-shaped shape with a profile 17 with a two-sided undercut. The flange 15 is provided on an anchoring element 16 opposite end of the spacer 12 and connected by a plurality of struts 18 with the connecting element 14 of the spacer 12, so that the flange 15 reaches a high structural strength. The spacer 12 is made of a material having low heat conductivity. If the spacer 12 is introduced with the anchoring element 16 through a through hole of a formwork panel into a hollow chamber and anchored there with a curable casting compound, the undercut of the anchoring element 16 leads to a positive and a force fit in the casting compound and increases the resistance to withdrawal.

Fig. 2b shows a further embodiment of a similar one-piece spacer 19, reference being made to the above description with regard to matching elements. In contrast to the spacer 12 from FIG. 2 a, this spacer 19 has a second flange 20, which is arranged on the anchoring element 13. The second flange 20 can be glued to the formwork skin of the first formwork panel (see flange 10 in Fig. 1), so that the spacer 19 can better absorb or divert shear, tensile or shear forces. When using a fast initial strength adhesive, a formwork brick made therewith will have sufficient stability so that it can be moved in manufacturing before the casting material in which the anchoring element 13 is anchored is fully cured. The flange 20 closes the associated through hole and prevents any leakage of the casting material from the through hole. In the production of the formwork element, the flange 20 also limits the penetration depth of the anchoring element 13 and assists in exact positioning of the anchoring element 13. The bonding of the flange 20 also prevents concrete from entering the associated through-hole 5 and 5 when filling a formwork building block with concrete Thus, in the hollow chamber 3. The flange 20 also increases the stability of the formwork panel 2 and reduces the susceptibility to breakage.

The spacer 22 shown in FIG. 2c has three flanges 15, 20, 23, of which the flange 15 provided at the end (opposite the anchoring element 13) of the spacer 22 can be foamed in a second formwork panel made of insulating material (cf. Fig. 6), while the middle flange 23 rests against the formwork skin of the second formwork panel (not shown here) and prevents concrete from entering during the filling of the formwork between the spacers 22 and the insulating material and can form a potential thermal bridge. The central flange 23 shown in the present embodiment has a rectangular shape, but it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that other geometric shapes are suitable and suitable.

Figures 3a and 3b show two alternative embodiments of the shape of the hollow chambers 24, 25 of the first shuttering plate 26, 27. In Figure 3b, the hollow chambers 25 are substantially oval, with vertical transverse webs 28 between the belt plates 29, 30; In Fig. 3a, the hollow chambers 24 are triangular in shape, with obliquely between the belt plates 31, 32 arranged transverse webs 33. Likewise, the hollow chambers 24, 25 within a formwork panel 26, 27 have different sizes and / or shapes.

4 and 5 show embodiments of the anchoring element 16, 35. With the profile 17, 36, a toothing between the casting compound and the anchoring element 16, 35 can be achieved and a high power transmission and secure anchoring in the casting material are ensured even at low anchoring depth , The profiles 17, 36 may have different shapes, such as grooves, ribs, threads, depressions or openings. Also geometric configurations of the anchoring elements such as a dovetail shape, conical shapes, undercuts or arrow or mushroom-shaped configurations provide for improved power transmission compared to a smooth running design.

Fig. 6 shows a formwork module 37 according to the invention. The formwork module 37 is a formwork element 1 according to FIG. 1 and thus comprises a formwork panel 2 and an anchoring element 7, of which only the flange 10 is visible here. In addition, the formwork module 37 comprises a further formwork panel 38, which is intended for use on a building exterior.

The two formwork panels 2, 38 are connected by spacers 39 in a parallel arrangement. Accordingly, the first shuttering panel 2 is provided for use on a building inside. The further (second) shuttering panel 38 consists essentially of a heat-insulating material, in particular of foamed insulation materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS) or based on polyurethane (PUR). The first shuttering panel 2 is designed as a hollow chamber plate, in the present embodiment as a hollow brick plate, which in the illustrated variant has six hollow chambers 3 each having a rectangular cross-section (i.e., transverse to a longitudinal axis parallel to the longest extent). The cavity 40 between the first shuttering panel 2 and the insulating second shuttering panel 38 is filled, for example, on the construction site in a conventional manner with a flowable and curable molding compound, such as concrete (not shown in the drawing). The production of the formwork module 37 takes place in the factory. The abutment surfaces 41 (front side, shown vertically) and the bearing surfaces 42 (horizontal in the illustration) of the second shuttering plate 38 have a tongue and groove formation through which a plurality of horizontally contiguous or vertically stacked shuttering modules 37 interlock (see FIG 11). Such projections and recesses engage in the displacement of several formwork blocks 37 in a conventional manner into each other. The made of a plastic material spacers 39 ensure that the distances between the first shuttering plate 2 and the second shuttering plate 38 are always the same and the two shuttering panels 2, 38 do not move against each other during the filling of the concrete. In the illustrated formwork module 37, the first shuttering plate 2 and second shuttering plate 38 are connected by eight spacers 39 with each other. The distance between the spacers 39 and their number depend on the length and height of the formwork module 37, the bending tensile strength of the first shuttering plate 2 and second shuttering plate 38, the pull-out strength of the spacers 39 and the thickness of the layer of casting material. In the embodiment shown, anchoring elements of the spacers 39 are foamed in the second shuttering panel 38. Although the foaming of the spacers 39 is the preferred embodiment, however, other forms of connection, such as insertion into undercuts, such as T-shaped or dovetailed recesses, or screwing into the insulation are also possible. At those locations where the first shuttering panel 2 is connected to the spacers 39, a hardenable casting compound 8, for example injection mortar, is introduced into the hollow chambers 3 at the factory (see FIG. Through holes 5, the spacers 39, more precisely an anchoring element of the respective spacer 39 are inserted into the filled with casting compound 8 sections of the hollow chambers 3 in the region of the through holes 5, the casting compound 8 after curing a positive and non-positive connection with the spacers 39 results , The first shuttering panel 2 and / or the second shuttering panel 38 may have a glass fiber fabric (not shown) on one or more side surfaces 43 for added strength.

Fig. 7 shows a one-piece frame-shaped spacer 44 with three flanges 45, 46, 47 and two anchoring elements 48. Fig. 8 shows a sectional view of a formwork block with the spacer 44 of FIG. 7. In the illustrated variant, the spacer 44 on both the Reinforcing ribs 49 on the front and on the back, which increase the stability of the spacer 44, in particular the connecting elements 50 of the spacer 44. The connecting elements 50 of the spacer 44 have cutouts which can be used as reinforcing holding elements 51, component activation casings, wall heating or the like. The connecting elements 50 are connected to each other by the flanges 45, 47, so that a distribution of the load on the anchoring elements 48 and the foamed-in flanges 46 is achieved. In Fig. 7 and 8, three holding elements 51 are shown; however, depending on the intended purpose, the number of holding elements 51 may be higher or lower and their shape may be different. The three flanges 45, 46, 47 perform essentially the same function as the flanges 20, 15, 23 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 c, so that reference is made to avoid repetition of their description.

The anchoring elements 48 of the spacer 44 each have a specially shaped section 52, which extends in the finished formwork element through a through hole 53 in the formwork 54 of a formwork panel 55 in a hollow chamber 56 of the formwork panel 55 and is secured there with a casting compound 57 (see FIG . 8th). The section 52 is shaped so that a particularly good connection is made possible with the casting compound 57. It has a generally rectangular cross-section with two notches 58 on each of the two narrower side surfaces and with an opening 59 passing therethrough. An end face 60 at the free end of the anchoring element 48 is tapered in a wedge shape to facilitate penetration into the molding compound 57.

The flange 46 (also anchoring flange) arranged on a side of the spacer 44 opposite the anchoring elements 48 is embedded in the finished formwork element 61 according to FIG. 8 in a second formwork plate 62 made of insulating material, e.g. foamed. Characterized the spacer 44 is anchored in the second shuttering plate 62, wherein a central flange 47 of the spacer is arranged substantially on the formwork skin 63 of the second shuttering plate 62.

FIG. 9 shows the first shuttering plate 55 of a shuttering block 61 with four spacers 44, which are anchored in the first shuttering plate 55 in the manner described in connection with FIG. 8. The four spacers 44 are distributed uniformly over the length of the formwork block 61. For a better overview of the arrangement of the spacers 44, the formwork module 61 is shown in FIG. 9 without the second formwork panel 62. In practice, first the attachment of the spacers 44 in the second shuttering plate 62 by foaming the anchoring flanges 46. In a second step, the first shuttering plate 55 is then connected to the anchoring elements 48 of the spacer 44 in the manner described above.

Fig. 10 shows a plurality of interconnected formwork blocks 61, wherein - as in Fig. 9 - for reasons of illustration, the second shuttering panels 62 have been omitted so that the arrangement of the spacers 44 can be seen. The rows 64, 65, 66 of

Formwork blocks 61 are arranged offset in the longitudinal direction 67, so that the abutment surfaces 68 of the formwork blocks 61 in the upper row 64 and the lower row 66 lie in a straight line and the abutment surfaces 68 are arranged in the middle row 65 offset by a half block length. The spacers 44 of all rows 64, 65, 66 are in spite of the offset

Arrangement of the formwork blocks 61 vertically arranged in straight lines one above the other, so that there are formed between shafts 69, which facilitate the filling of the formwork. This advantageous arrangement of the spacers 44 is achieved in that the spacings between the spacers 44 in the longitudinal direction 67 are the same and coincide with the total distance of the outer spacers to the adjacent abutment surfaces 68. In the holding elements 51 of the spacers 44, a piping 70 is accommodated for a component activation. As can be seen from the drawing, the casing 70 is laid meandering for the component activation.

Fig. 11 shows an oblique view of three formwork modules 37 of FIG. 6 in a lower row 71 and above offset in an upper row 72 another two formwork modules 37 as shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from the figure, grip in the bearing surfaces 42, the formwork modules 37th through the tongue and groove connection. The arrangement of the spacers 39 on the formwork skin 4 of the first formwork panel 2 and the second formwork panel 38 and the horizontal longitudinal displacement of the formwork modules 37 relative to each other is selected such that the spacers 39 are arranged by superposed formwork modules 37 along a vertical straight line. In other words, the spacers 39 vertically adjacent formwork blocks 37 offset horizontally in the longitudinal direction 67 can be arranged substantially without horizontal offset.

Fig. 12 shows a four-part spacer 73 for a formwork element according to the invention. A first part 74 of the spacer 73 has two anchoring elements 75, which are formed integrally with a flange 76. The section 77 of the anchoring elements 75 corresponds to the section 52 of the anchoring elements 48 described in connection with FIGS. 7 and 8, so that in order to avoid repetitions, the above-described

Spelling is referenced. The anchoring elements 75 have a common flange 76 and in each case one outside of the formwork panel 2 (i.e., on one of the formwork panel 2 abgewand th side of the flange 76) arranged plug connection part 78 which is adapted for producing a connector 79 with one of the connecting elements 80, 81.

The two connecting elements 80, 81 form the second and third parts of the spacer 73.

The fourth part 82 of the spacer 73 has two flanges 84 and 85 arranged in parallel and connected by webs 83 extending therefrom. The fourth part 82 is integrally formed. On a flange 84 are on a webs 83 opposite side plug connection parts 86 for receiving the connecting elements 80, 81 and production of connectors 79 are provided. The other flange 85 is for embedding, e.g. by foaming, provided in a second formwork panel, so that the first flange 84 rests against the formwork skin of the second formwork panel (see Flanges 46, 47 in Fig. 8).

When the connectors 79 have been made between the male connectors 78, 86 and the connectors 80, 81, the four members 74, 80, 81, 82 together form a spacer 73. The first member 74 and the fourth member 82 may be used to make formwork elements the first formwork panel and the second formwork panel are anchored as described above. The formwork elements thus produced can then, for example, directly on the site, with the connecting elements 80, 81 are put together to form a formwork module. The connecting elements 80, 81 of the divided spacer 73 in each case by plugging in the direction of arrow 87 in opposite plug connection parts 78, 86 of the two formwork elements with the first part 74 and the fourth part 82, which are anchored or foamed in the corresponding formwork panels to a complete spacer 73 connected. The connection of the connecting elements 80, 81 with the connector parts 78, 86 takes place in each case via conventional in the prior art connection forms, such as plug, clip, screw, or similar. While the formwork module shown in Fig. 8 by its insulating shell (the second formwork panel 62 of insulating material) has a combined insulation and formwork function, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 13 of a formwork block 88 according to the invention both formwork panels 89, 90, i. Inner and outer shell, Tonhohlplatten. As a result, this formwork module 88 only fulfills a formwork function. The two shuttering plates 89, 90 each have seven hollow chambers 91. In three of the hollow chambers 91 of each shuttering plate 89, 90 anchoring elements 92, 93, 94 are anchored in a casting material 95, as described in detail in connection with FIGS. 1 and 8 (there anchoring elements 7 and 48 and casting compound 8 and 57). Accordingly, each of the formwork panels 89, 90 with the corresponding anchoring elements 92, 93, 94 and the ge entire formwork block 88 forms a formwork element according to the invention. The total of six anchoring elements 92, 93, 94 are part of a spacer 96 which connects the two formwork panels 89, 90. The spacer 96 has - similar to that of Fig. 7 - two flanges 97, 98, which abut respectively on the formwork skin of the formwork panels 89, 90 and are preferably glued thereto. The distance between the shuttering plates 89, 90 is defined by two rod-shaped connecting elements 99, 100 in the region of the two upper anchoring elements 92 and the two lower anchoring elements 94.

Claims (23)

Claims: 1. formwork element (1), with a formwork panel (2), which has at least one hollow chamber (3), characterized in that the formwork skin (4) of the formwork panel (2) has at least one through hole (5) through which a compound of outside in the hollow chamber (3) is possible, wherein an anchoring element (7) through the at least one through hole (5) in the hollow chamber (3), and wherein the anchoring element (7) with a casting compound (8) in the hollow chamber ( 3) is attached. 2. Shuttering element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring element (7) has a profile (11) for the positive connection with the casting compound (8). 3. Shuttering element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the profile (11) of the anchoring element (7) is preferably wedge, mushroom, dovetail or spiral. 4. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anchoring element (13, 16, 48) is an element of a one-piece spacer (12, 19, 22, 44), of which the anchoring element (13, 16 , 48) opposite end is attached to or in a further formwork panel (62) or is adapted for attachment to or in a further formwork panel (62). 5. Shuttering element (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the spacer (44) holding elements (51) for pipes, reinforcements and / or cable lines. 6. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anchoring element (75) has a outside of the shuttering panel (2) arranged plug connection part (78), so that the anchoring element (75) with a connecting element (80, 81 ) via a plug connection (79) for producing a spacer (73) is connectable. 7. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the anchoring element (7) made of a different material than the shuttering plate (2), in particular made of a plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic or a composite material. 8. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the anchoring element (7) has a outside of the shuttering panel (2) arranged flange (10). 9. Shuttering element (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the flange (10) on the formwork skin (4) of the formwork panel (2) rests, is preferably fixed, in particular glued. 10. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the shuttering plate (2) at least two, preferably at least three anchoring elements (7), which in further through holes (5) and each by means of a casting compound (8 ) are fastened in a hollow chamber (3). 11. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the casting material (8) is a curable casting compound having a positive Quellmaß. 12. Shuttering element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the hollow chamber (3) and on the formwork skin adjacent a perforated belt made of metal or plastic is arranged, which with the at least one through hole (5) substantially has congruent opening. 13. formwork module (37), which is a formwork element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12 and a further formwork panel (38), wherein the two formwork panels (2, 38) via at least one spacer (39) are interconnected, wherein the anchoring element (7) is an element of the at least one spacer (39). 14. formwork block (37) according to claim 13, characterized in that both formwork panels (2, 38) are each part of a formwork element according to one of claims 1 to 11. 15. Formwork module (37) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the two formwork panels (2, 38) are made of different materials. 16 formwork module (37) according to claim 15, characterized in that the material of the formwork panel (2) of the formwork element has a higher heat transfer coefficient than the material of the further formwork panel (38). 17. formwork block (37) according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the further shuttering plate (38) is made of an insulating material. 18. formwork module (37) according to claim 17, characterized in that the spacer (39) on an anchoring element (7) opposite side anchoring flange (15) which is foamed into the insulating material. 19. A method for producing a shuttering element (1) with a shuttering plate (2) and an anchoring element (7), comprising the following steps: - introducing a hardenable casting compound (8) in a hollow chamber (3) of the shuttering plate (2); - Introducing an anchoring element (7) through a through hole (5) in the formwork skin (4) of the formwork panel (2) in the casting compound (8) in the hollow chamber (3). 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the introduction of the hardenable casting compound (8) into the hollow chamber (3) through the through hole (5), in particular with an injection lance. 21. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the introduction of the hardenable casting compound (8) into the hollow chamber (3) from a lateral opening of the hollow chamber (3) on an abutment surface or a bearing surface of the formwork panel (2) and along the hollow chamber ( 3), in particular with an injection lance. 22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, comprising the further step of: - adhering a flange (10) of the anchoring element (7) on the formwork skin (4) of the formwork panel (2) so that it closes the through hole (5) , 23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, comprising the further step: - before introducing the hardenable casting compound (8), producing at least one through hole (5) in a formwork skin (4) of the formwork panel (2) by drilling, cutting , Stinging or milling, so that a connection from the outside into the hollow chamber (3) is made possible by the at least one through hole (5).