Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
  • C08G18/5021—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
  • C08G18/5024—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing primary and/or secondary amino groups
  • C08G18/503—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing primary and/or secondary amino groups being in latent form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
  • C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
  • C08G65/2669—Non-metals or compounds thereof
  • C08G65/2672—Nitrogen or compounds thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyurethanes by reacting polyisocyanates with compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• Polyurethanes have long been known and widely described in the literature. They are usually prepared by reacting polyisocyanates with compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• Polyurethanes can be used in many technical fields. By varying the starting compounds, polyurethanes with different properties can be prepared. Thus, compact or, by the use of blowing agents, also foamed polyurethanes can be provided.
• the different properties of the polyurethanes are preferably achieved by varying the compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• the compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms are in most cases polyfunctional alcohols.
• the polyether alcohols are usually prepared by adding alkylene oxides, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, to polyfunctional alcohols and / or amines. The addition usually takes place in the presence of catalysts.
• the object of the invention was to provide a process for the preparation of polyurethanes which is characterized by an improved flowability of the components. is drawing.
• the components should have the lowest possible viscosity and should be easy to pump even at low temperatures. Even after loading with fillers, the components should still have a processable viscosity. Furthermore, the components should have a good solubility for the blowing agents, in particular also for hydrocarbons and an improved compatibility with isocyanate.
• the resulting polyurethanes should have a low emission and have a uniform structure, in particular be free from voids and defects on the surface.
• the object has surprisingly been achieved by using a polyol component containing at least one polyether alcohol prepared using an amine catalyst.
• the invention accordingly provides a process for the preparation of polyurethanes by reacting a) polyisocyanates with b) compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, characterized in that as compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms b) at least one polyether alcohol b1) a functionality of 2-8 and a hydroxyl number of 200-800 mgKOH / g is used, which by addition of alkylene oxides b1 b) to compounds having at least two reactive with alkylene oxides hydrogen atoms, hereinafter also referred to as starter substances, using an amine b1 c ) was prepared as a catalyst.
• the polyether alcohol b1) can be used as the only compound of component b).
• the polyether alcohol b1) is preferably used in an amount of 0-90% by weight, based on the weight of component b).
• Such compounds are known and are frequently used for the preparation of polyether alcohols, in particular those for use in rigid polyurethane foams.
• they are selected from the group containing trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, glucose, sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose, polyhydric phenols, resoles, such as oligomeric condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde, oligomeric condensation products of aniline and formaldehyde (MDA), toluenediamine (TDA ) and Mannich condensates of phenols, formaldehyde and dialkanolamines and melamine and mixtures of at least two of the listed alcohols.
• polyhydric phenols such as oligomeric condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde, oligomeric condensation products of aniline and formaldehyde (MDA), toluenediamine (TDA ) and Mannich condensates of phenols, formaldehyde and dialkanolamines and melamine and mixtures of at least two of the listed alcohols.
• MDA oligomeric condensation products of phenol
• the compound bl ai) is selected from the group comprising sucrose, sorbitol and pentaerythritol, more preferably sucrose or sorbitol. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention bl ai) is sucrose.
• the aromatic amines used as compounds bl ai) are in particular selected from the group comprising toluene diamine (TDA) or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDA) or polymeric MDA (p-MDA).
• TDA toluene diamine
• MDA diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• p-MDA polymeric MDA
• 2,3- and 3,4-isomers also referred to as vicinal TDA, are used in TDA.
• starting substance b1 a) it is also possible to use compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive with alkylene oxides and contain at least one compound a) which is liquid at room temperature.
• the starter substance of component b1) contains, in addition to the compound bl ai), a compound bl aii) which is liquid at room temperature and contains hydrogen atoms reactive with alkylene oxides.
• the compound bl aii) may be alcohols or amines. These have in particular 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 4, reactive with alkylene oxides hydrogen atoms.
• the compound (bl aii) is preferably selected from the group containing glycerol, monofunctional alcohols having 1-20 carbon atoms, ethanol, propylene glycol and its higher homologues, ethylene glycol and its higher homologs and mono-, di- or trialkanolamines, in particular glycerol.
• component b1 a) contains a mixture of at least one amine-bleached amine blai) and one at Room temperature liquid alcohol bl aii).
• the room temperature solid alcohols bl ai) may preferably be MDA and polymeric MDA.
• the alcohols which are liquid at room temperature are preferably ethylene glycol and its higher homologues and propylene glycol and its higher homologs.
• concentrations of the amine homologs in p-MDA are dependent on the process operations. In general, the distribution (in weight percent) is as follows:
• Binuclear MDA 50-80% by weight
• Trinuclear MDA 10-25% by weight
• a preferred p-MDA mixture has the composition:
• Trinuclear MDA 25% by weight
• Another preferred p-MDA mixture has the composition:
• Binuclear MDA 80% by weight
• Trinuclear MDA 10% by weight
• component b1 a) contains a mixture of at least one (bl ai) which is solid at room temperature and an alcohol which is liquid at room temperature (bl aii)).
• the alcohols which are solid at room temperature (bl ai) are preferably the sugar alcohols characterized above in more detail, in particular sucrose.
• the compounds which are liquid at room temperature are preferably at least one compound bl aii) which is selected from the group comprising glycerol, monofunctional alcohols having 1-20 carbon atoms, ethanol, propylene glycol and its higher homologues, ethylene glycol and its higher homologs and mono-, di- or Trialkanol- amines, in particular glycerol.
• Component b1 a) may also contain water. If water is also used, the amount is in particular at most 25 wt .-%, based on the weight of component b1 a).
• the compounds which are liquid at room temperature may, as stated, also be compounds containing a hydrogen atom reactive with alkylene oxides and .alpha 1 -20 carbon atoms. Preference is given here to monofunctional alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, octanol, dodecanol.
• Aikyienoxid b1 b) Propyienoxid, Ethyienoxid, butylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, styrene oxide or mixtures of at least two of said alkylene oxides are preferably used.
• Aikyienoxid b1 b) Propyienoxid, Ethyienoxid or mixtures of Propyienoxid and Ethyienoxid.
• Particularly preferred is used as Aikyienoxid b1 b) Propyienoxid.
• catalyst b1 c) as described, one of the components used as component bl ai) and bl aii) different amine.
• These may be primary, secondary or tertiary amines and also aliphatic or aromatic, in particular tertiary amines. In another embodiment, it may be aromatic heterocyclic compounds having at least one, preferably a nitrogen atom in the ring.
• the amines b1 c) are preferably selected from the group comprising trialkylamines, in particular trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, dimethylalkylamine, in particular dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylethoxyethanolamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethylamine, dimethylbutylamine, aromatic amines, in particular dimethylaniline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, imidazoles, in particular imidazole, N-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 5-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole 2,4-dimethylimidazole, 1-hydroxypropylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, N-phenylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole
• the catalyst b1 c) is dimethylethanolamine.
• the catalyst b1 c) is an imidazole.
• the amine is preferably used in an amount of 0.01-5.0, preferably 0.05-3.0, more preferably 0.1-1, 0 mass% based on the total amount.
• the constituents of the starting substance mixture b1 a) and b1c) are usually added to the reactor and mixed. There is initially an inerting of the mixture. Thereafter, the alkylene oxide is metered. The addition of the alkylene oxides is preferably carried out at a temperature between 90 and 150 ° C and a pressure between 0.1 to 8 bar. The addition of the alkylene oxides is usually followed by a post-reaction phase for the complete reaction of the alkylene oxides.
• a subsequent reaction phase is usually followed in which the alkylene oxide reacts. Thereafter, if necessary, followed by a post-reaction phase, followed by distillation to separate volatile constituents, preferably under vacuum.
• the amine catalysts b1 c) can remain in the polyether alcohol. This simplifies their preparation, since the removal of the catalysts necessary when using oxides and hydroxides of alkali metals is no longer necessary. This leads to an improvement in the space-time yield.
• the salt removal by filtration forms a filter cake.
• the polyol loss in the filter cake is usually a few percent.
• the improved space-time yield and avoidance of filter loss contribute to a reduction in manufacturing costs.
• the amine catalysts b1 c) can themselves be alkoxylated in the course of the reaction.
• the alkoxylated amines therefore have a higher molecular weight and a lower volatility in the later product. Due to the remaining self-reactivity of the alkoxylated amine catalysts, incorporation into the polymer skeleton occurs during the later reaction with isocyanates.
• the intrinsic reactivity of the tertiary amines formed gives the polyols an intrinsic reactivity that can be used to advantage in certain applications.
• polyether alcohols prepared using amines as catalysts have a structure other than the construction of such polyether alcohols prepared using other catalysts. doors were made, distinguishes. This different molecular structure has advantages in the production of polyurethanes.
• polyols of the invention have distinct advantages in polyurethane applications, especially in the production process of polyurethane foams.
• polyether alcohols b1) are used for the preparation of polyurethanes.
• the following can be said in detail about the starting materials used for this purpose:
• Suitable organic polyisocyanates a) are preferably aromatic polyfunctional isocyanates. Specific examples include: 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI ) and the corresponding mixtures of isomers, mixtures of 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates and in the production of rigid polyurethane foams in particular mixtures of 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'- Diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates (crude MDI).
• TDI 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate
• MDI 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• CAde MDI polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyan
• polyether alcohols of the invention are usually used in admixture with other compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• Suitable compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms which can be used together with the polyether alcohols b1) used according to the invention are, in particular, polyether alcohols and / or polyester alcohols having OH numbers in the range from 100 to 1200 mgKOH / g.
• the polyester alcohols used together with the polyether alcohols b1) used according to the invention are usually obtained by condensation of polyfunctional alcohols, preferably diols, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with polyfunctional carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, for example succinic acid, Glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and preferably phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the isomeric naphthalenedicarboxylic acids.
• polyfunctional alcohols preferably diols, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms
• polyfunctional carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms
• succinic acid for example succinic acid, Glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, decane
• polyether alcohols used together with the polyether alcohols b1) used according to the invention usually have a functionality between 2 and 8, in particular 3 to 8.
• polyether alcohols which are prepared by known processes, for example by anionic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of catalysts, preferably alkali metal hydroxides, are used.
• alkylene oxides are usually ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably pure 1, 2-propylene oxide used.
• starting molecules having at least 3, preferably 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups in the molecule are preferably trimethylopropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sugar compounds such as glucose, sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose, polyhydric phenols, resoles such.
• the polyether alcohols have a functionality of preferably 3 to 8 and hydroxyl numbers of preferably 100 mgKOH / g to 1200 mgKOH / g and especially 120 mgKOH / g to 570 mgKOH / g.
• difunctional polyols for example polyethylene glycols and / or polypropylene glycols, having a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 1500 in the polyol component, the viscosity of the polyol component can be adjusted.
• the compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms also include the optionally used chain extenders and crosslinkers.
• the rigid polyurethane foams can be prepared without or with the concomitant use of chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents.
• chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents are preferably used alkanolamines and in particular diols and / or triols having molecular weights less than 400, preferably 60 to 300.
• Chain extenders, crosslinkers or mixtures thereof are suitably used in an amount of 1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the polyol component.
• the preparation of the polyurethane foams is usually carried out in the presence of blowing agents.
• propellant preferably water can be used which reacts with isocyanate groups with elimination of carbon dioxide.
• Another commonly used chemical blowing agent is formic acid, which reacts with isocyanate to release carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
• chemical blowing agents also so-called physical blowing agents can be used.
• These are compounds which are inert to the starting components and which are usually liquid at room temperature and evaporate under the conditions of the urethane reaction.
• the boiling point of these compounds is below 50 ° C.
• the physical blowing agents also include compounds which are gaseous at room temperature and are introduced under pressure into or dissolved in the starting components, for example carbon dioxide, alkanes, in particular low-boiling alkanes and fluoroalkanes, preferably, alkanes, in particular low-boiling alkanes and fluoroalkanes.
• the physical blowing agents are usually selected from the group comprising alkanes and / or cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and tetraalkylsilanes having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the AI kyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane.
• Examples which may be mentioned are propane, n-butane, iso- and cyclobutane, n-, iso- and cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone, and fluoroalkanes, which can be degraded in the troposphere and therefore for the ozone layer is harmless, such as trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane and
• a mixture of physical and chemical blowing agents may be used.
• Particularly preferred are mixtures of physical blowing agents and water, especially hydrocarbons and water.
• hydrocarbons especially the pentanes, and especially cyclopentane, are particularly preferred.
• the preparation of the polyurethanes may, if necessary, be carried out in the presence of catalysts, flame retardants and customary auxiliaries and / or additives auxiliaries and / or additives. Further details on starting compounds used can be found, for example, in the Kunststoffhandbuch, Volume 7 "Polyurethane", edited by Günter Oertel, Carl-Hanser-Verlag Kunststoff, 3rd edition, 1993.
• the polyurethanes produced by the process according to the invention are foamed polyurethanes, particularly preferably rigid foams.
• the rigid foams are those having a compact outer skin and a cellular core, often also referred to as rigid integral foams or high-density structural foams.
• foams are usually made in a closed mold in the presence of a blowing agent. Due to the combination of pressure and mold temperature, a compression in the form of an outer skin is achieved on the surface of the foam.
• there are many applications for example in the automotive sector in the trim and spoiler area, profiles for e.g. Windows, fittings, computer cases and filter plates. In these applications, the surface quality of the foam is crucial.
• the rigid foams are, for example, those which are used for thermal insulation.
• the good compatibility of the polyether alcohols b1) with the blowing agents and the good flow behavior is advantageous.
• poor polyol-isocyanate compatibility can possibly lead to segregation of the reaction components, which in turn can lead to coarseness of the foam and poor adhesion of the foam to the substrate.
• rigid foams are used in the automotive industry, for example in the engine compartment or in the interior.
• hard foam is used to backfoil films, such as vinyl films. This is the case, for example, with side door panels or dashboards.
• the main advantage of the polyurethanes produced by the inventive process is the lower fogging.
• the amount of catalyst used which is also a source of fogging, can be reduced by the intrinsic reactivity of the polyether alcohols b1).
• the good compatibility of the polyether alcohols b1) with the blowing agents, in particular hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane is particularly important.
• fillers are frequently used for the production of duromer foams.
• One group of fillers are those with flame retardant properties, such as ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated red phosphorus, or aluminum trihydrate.
• fillers are inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or barium sulfate.
• ground glass fibers are ground glass fibers, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, microspheres of glass, silicon, carbon black, wollastonite, talc, clay, pigments, such as titanium dioxide.
• Alkylene oxides and devices for nitrogen inertization and a vacuum system was heated to 80 ° C to dry and inertized several times with nitrogen.
• 102.75 kg of glycerol were added, the stirrer put into operation and metered 154.3 kg of sugar.
• the reactor was heated to 95 ° C.
• the metering of 541, 57 kg of PO was started and the reactor temperature was raised to 1212 ° C. by the heat of reaction.
• After a reaction time of 3 h at 90 ° C the strip was stripped at 100 ° C in a stream of nitrogen. 776 kg of polyol were obtained with the following specifications:
• Alkylene oxides and devices for nitrogen inertization and a vacuum system was heated to 88 ° C to dry and inertized several times with nitrogen.
• 91, 18 kg of glycerol were added and the stirrer put into operation.
• 96.91 kg of PO were metered in at 105.degree.
• the temperature was increased to 1 12 ° C and dosed a further 373.54 kg PO.
• the product was stripped at 100 ° C with nitrogen, then treated with water and neutralized with 80% phosphoric acid and filtered.
• the yield was 682 kg of polyol which was characterized analytically as follows.
• the viscosity of the polyols and of the polyol mixtures was determined at 25 ° C. using a Rheotec RC 20 rotational viscometer using the spindle CC 25 DIN (spindle diameter: 12.5 mm, inside diameter of the measuring cylinder: 13.56 mm) at a shear rate of 50 1 / s.
• Isocyanate (II) a 4,4 'MDI-based prepolymer having an NCO content of 23 wt .-%, commercially available as Lupranat MP102 ®, is completely miscible with these polyols.
• Mixtures of isocyanates I and II may, depending on their mixing ratio, be miscible or immiscible with these polyols. The method of determining the miscibility of the polyols with the isocyanates is based thereon.
• the procedure is as follows: 1 .00 g of the polyol is placed in a watch glass with a diameter of 4 cm. Thereafter, 1.00 g of the mixture of isocyanate I and isocyanate II are added and stirred with a spatula for one minute so that no air bubbles were formed by stirring. One minute after completion of the stirring, the sample was visually observed. The mixture appears either cloudy or clear. If the mixture is cloudy, the experiment is repeated with a larger amount of isocyanate II in the mixture. If the mixture is clear, the experiment is repeated with a larger amount of isocyanate I in the mixture. In this way, the maximum amount of isocyanate I in the mixture is determined at which the mixture is barely clear. The accuracy for determining the amount of isocyanate I in the mixture is 2%.
• the mixing ratio of the isocyanates I to II was 15/85.
• the mixing ratio of isocyanates I to II was 5/95.
• Example 3 Hard Foam Application Foam Preparation for Mechanical Testing
• a base foam system with 100 pbw polyol or polyol blend, 2.4 pbw of Tegostab® B 8467 surfactant from Goldschmidt, and 0.85 pbw water is used.
• Dimethylcyclohexylamine and cyclopentane were used as catalyst and blowing agent, polymer MDI (Lupranat® M20 from BASF SE) as isocyanate.
• the foam was made at an isocyanate index of 100.
• the starting materials were mixed by hand.
• the amount of dimethylcyclohexylamine was measured so that the foam had a gel time of 55 seconds.
• Example 4 Duromer Application Table 3: Effect of the amount of catalyst on reactivity
• the viscosity of the polyols was determined at 20 ° C. according to ISO 3219. Explanation to Table 4: Various fillers were added. The intrinsic viscosity of the polyols according to the invention can also be measured in filled systems.
• the A component is prepared and allowed to stand for at least half an hour. After Isocyanatzugabe the mixture for 13s to max. Stirring speed stirred with a mechanical stirrer. The mixture is then heated to 50 ° C

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• 2011
  • 2011-02-22 CN CN2011800117838A patent/CN102781997A/zh active Pending
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  • 2011-02-22 EP EP11704617A patent/EP2542608A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-02-22 KR KR1020127025874A patent/KR20130004587A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-02-22 SG SG2012063756A patent/SG183523A1/en unknown
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