Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
  • C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
  • C08F265/06—Polymerisation of acrylate or methacrylate esters on to polymers thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D151/003—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
  • Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of copolymers which are used as binders in Plastisolformultechniken.
• plastisols are generally dispersions of finely divided
• Plastic powders understood in plasticizers, which when heated to higher
• Plastisols By “plastisols” is meant herein mixtures which consist of at least one binder and one plasticizer.
• plastisols may e.g. further binders, further plasticizers, fillers, rheology aids, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, pigments and / or blowing agents.
• Primary particles By “primary particles” is meant herein the particles present after emulsion polymerization in the resulting dispersion (latex).
• Secondary particles By “secondary particles” is meant herein the particles obtained by drying the dispersions (latexes) obtained in the emulsion polymerization.
• (Meth) acrylates By this notation is meant herein both the esters of methacrylic acid (such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate) and the esters of acrylic acid.
• Particle Size When referring to particle size, average particle size, or average particle size is, unless expressly stated otherwise, the volume-weighted average particle size distribution meant, as can be obtained for example by laser diffraction (such as with the aid of a Coulter LS 13 320, manufacturer Beckmann-Coulter).
• organosols - plastisols are used for a variety of purposes, in particular as a sealant and sound insulation, automotive underbody protection, as corrosion protection coatings for metals, as a coating of sheet metal strips (coil coating), for impregnation and coating of substrates made of textile materials and paper (also eg carpet backing coatings), as floor coatings, as final coatings for floor coatings, for artificial leather, as cable insulation and much more.
• plastisols An important application of plastisols is the protection of body panels on the underbody of motor vehicles against stone chipping. In this application, particularly high demands are placed on the plastisol pastes and the gelled films.
• the plastisol pastes must not tend to absorb water, because before the gelation absorbed water evaporates at high temperatures during gelation and leads to undesirable bubble formation.
• the plastisol films have a good adhesion to the substrate (usually KTL sheet), which is not only an important prerequisite for the abrasion properties, but also essential for corrosion protection.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PVC poly (meth) acrylates which have been described for many years for the preparation of plastisols (for example DE 2543542, DE 3139090, DE 2722752, DE 2454235).
• DE 4130834 describes a plastisol system with improved adhesion to cataphoresis sheet based on polyacrylic (meth) acrylates, wherein the binder contains an acid anhydride in addition to monomers having an alkyl substituent of 2-12 carbon atoms.
• the emulsion polymerization is particularly suitable for the preparation of binders for plastisols.
• binders for plastisols It was the object to develop a process with which it is possible to ensure a consistent, high product quality over a variety of approaches in the production of binders for plastisols.
• the binders obtainable from this process should allow the formulation of plastisols which should have improved storage stability and, when gelled, improved mechanical properties, namely adhesion, tensile strength and / or elongation at break.
• a surface formulated with a plastisol formulated on the basis of a binder produced according to the invention is protected in claim 33.
• An essential element of the method which enables the solution of the problem is a procedure in which a small amount of a dispersion A was used as the basis for all dispersions B. As a result, all binders produced in a very long period of time are based on a uniform standard.
• the binders prepared by the process according to the invention make it possible to formulate plastisols which are superior to those formulated from conventionally prepared binders. This applies both to properties before gelation (namely storage stability) and properties of the gelled plastisol film (in particular the mechanical properties).
• the first step of the process according to the invention is the preparation of a polymer dispersion A.
• the preparation of this dispersion is in principle subject to no restrictions; suitable for preparation are the usual - known in the art - process for the preparation of primary dispersions (eg, emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization and Mikroemulsionspolymehsation) and secondary dispersions (in which prefabricated Polymers are dispersed in a second process step).
• the emulsion polymerization is preferred.
• the polymer dispersion A is intended to form the basis for as many as possible production approaches of the binder produced therewith.
• the proportion by weight of this polymer in the finished binder should therefore be as small as possible.
• the particles of the polymer dispersion A have a mean particle size (volume average) of not more than 200 nm. Preference is given to mean particle sizes of less than 150 nm, more preferably particle sizes of less than 125 nm. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the particles of the polymer dispersion A have a mean size of 80 to 120 nm.
• the dispersion A is then - but usually not necessarily together with additional water - placed in a reactor. It may also be useful or necessary to add further additives or auxiliaries (such as, for example, emulsifiers, initiators, electrolytes or chelating agents).
• further additives or auxiliaries such as, for example, emulsifiers, initiators, electrolytes or chelating agents.
• a monomer bi or a mixture of monomers bi is then dosed (a single monomer can in this case as a special case of a
• Monomermischung be considered with only one component).
• This monomer or monomer mixture can be used as such, or together with water,
• Emulsifiers and / or other admixtures are dosed.
• the metering rate (ie how many ml_ per minute are metered to the reactor) can be constant over the metering time or else - if necessary stepwise - vary. Typically, the dosage rate at the beginning of the dosage is lower than the end of the dosage.
• Monomers which may be used include, for example: methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, iso-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylamide, acrylamide, styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, 1-vinylimidazoles, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate.
• Monomers whose solubility in water is very poor have proved to be less advantageous for carrying out the invention.
• it can be assumed that monomers which have a solubility of less than 0.01% by weight at 20 ° C. in water are poorly suitable.
• Monomer mixture poorly water-soluble monomers are usable in some cases.
• monomer mixture bi contains the same monomers in the same proportions by weight as contained in the polymers forming the particles of dispersion A.
• the monomer bi is the same, which are also contained in the polymers of the particles of dispersion A.
• the amount of monomers which is metered in this first step, according to the invention must be such that the average particle size of the particles after addition of the monomer or the monomer mixture by at least 50 nm must be greater than that of the particles Dispersion A.
• the amount of monomers required for this can be estimated with sufficient accuracy by geometrical considerations by taking the volume of particles of dispersion A in relation to the volume of particles after dosing the monomer bi or the monomer mixture bi.
• Steps each further monomers b 2, b 3, b 4, ... or monomer b 2, b 3, b 4, ... are added.
• the form of the addition eg as a homogeneous mixture or as an emulsion
• the metering rate applies to the monomer bi or the mixture of monomers bi said accordingly ,
• the monomers of the further monomers b 2 , b 3 , b 4 , ... or monomer mixtures b 2 , b 3 , b 4 , ... added in later steps should be different from the monomer bi added in the first step or different from the mixture of monomers bi added in the first step.
• the mean particle size of the particles in the dispersion should increase by at least 50 nm at each step.
• the polymer dispersion B which contains as polymer particles the primary particles of the binder to be prepared for plastisols.
• the (meth) acrylates and especially the methacrylates have proven to be particularly advantageous from the large number of monomers which can be obtained by the process described.
• each of the monomer mixtures used contains at least 50% by weight of one or more monomers which are selected from the group of (meth) acrylates having a residue of not more than 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate or iso-butyl (meth) acrylate.
• monomers which are selected from the group of (meth) acrylates having a residue of not more than 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate or iso-butyl (meth) acrylate.
• a particularly preferred embodiment corresponds to when each of the monomer mixtures used contains at least 70 wt .-% or at least 90 wt .-% of one or more monomers which are selected from the group of (meth) acrylates having a radical of not more than 4 carbon atoms.
• each of the monomer mixtures used contains at least 95% by weight of one or more monomers which are selected from the group of (meth) acrylates having a residue of not more than 4 carbon atoms, this corresponds to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the total monomer composition of the particles is also important for the properties of the plastisol and the gelled plastisol film.
• the binders comprise at least 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate and at least 15% by weight of butyl (meth) acrylates, the latter being n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl ( meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate or a mixture of these monomers can act.
• the binders comprise at least 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate and at least 15% by weight of butyl (meth) acrylates, the latter being n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl ( meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate or a mixture of these monomers can act.
• the binders comprise at least 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate and at least 15% by weight of butyl (meth) acrylates, the latter being n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl ( meth) acrylate, tert-but
• Binder at least 50 wt .-% of methyl (meth) acrylate and at least 25 wt .-% of butyl (meth) acrylates.
• binders are particularly suitable for the production of plastisols with good storage stability, in which the last of the monomer mixtures added contains at least one monomer which is selected from the group methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, amides of methacrylic acid and amides of acrylic acid.
• binders obtainable from the process described are also part of this invention.
• the primary particles of the binder are inventively larger than the particles of the dispersion A. In a preferred embodiment, they are also greater than 400 nm. Particular preference is given to primary particle sizes of more than 500 nm or more than 600 nm. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention have Particle of the polymer dispersion B has an average size of more than 800 nm.
• the dispersion B is converted by spray drying into a powder, which is then optionally ground.
• a spray tower is used for spray drying, in which the dispersion B is sprayed from above in atomized form.
• the atomization can be done for example by nozzles or by a rotating perforated disc.
• the spray tower is - usually in
• the atomization is achieved by a nozzle through which a gas is sprayed into the tower at the same time as the dispersion under pressure; the relaxing gas breaks the liquid into drops.
• the particles of the obtained powder consist of an agglomeration or aggregation of many primary particles, which is why the average size of the secondary particles is always greater than that of the primary particles.
• Milling can be carried out by one of the methods known to the person skilled in the art; for example with the help of a drum mill or a pin mill.
• such binders are particularly suitable for plastisol production in which the secondary particle size is at least 12 times as large as the size of the primary particles.
• the size of the secondary particles is at least 20 times as large as the size of the primary particles.
• Particularly preferred are secondary particles whose size is at least 30 times as large as the size of the primary particles.
• binders are used whose viscosity number (according to DIN EN ISO 1628-1 and at a weight of 0.125 g per 100 ml_ chloroform) is greater than 150 ml / g and less than 800 ml / g. Particularly preferred are binders with viscosity numbers between 180 ml / g and 500 ml / g or between 220 ml / g and 400 ml / g.
• the viscosity number of the binder (according to DIN EN ISO 1628-1 and at a weight of 0.125 g per 100 ml_ chloroform) is greater than 240 ml / g and less than 320 ml / g.
• a plastisol which can be produced from one of the described binders by adding at least one plasticizer.
• plastisols in addition to this binder and this plasticizer contain other components such. Fillers, rheology aids, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, pigments and / or blowing agents, and optionally further binders and / or further plasticizers.
• the plasticizer used or, if more than one plasticizer is used, at least one of the plasticizers used has a vapor pressure of 20 ° C. not more than 20 Pa. If several plasticizers or a plasticizer mixture are used, the vapor pressure of the mixture in the composition used at 20 ° C. is preferably not greater than 20 Pa.
• Plasticizer mixture not greater than 15 Pa, preferably not greater than 12 Pa or, most preferably, not greater than 10 Pa.
• the plastisol one hour after its preparation has a maximum viscosity of 25 Pa-s (at 30 ° C), or preferably 20 Pa-s.
• Particularly preferred are those plastisols whose viscosity has a maximum viscosity of 15 Pa-s (at 30 ° C), or more preferably 12 Pa-s one hour after their preparation.
• plasticizers for the production of plastisols, a variety of possible plasticizers can be used. In addition, mixtures of these plasticizers may also be used. These include:
• Esters of phthalic acid e.g. Diundecyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, di-C7-C11 n-alkyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, benzyloctyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate, dihexyl dicapryl phthalate.
• Hydroxycarboxylic acid esters e.g. Esters of citric acid (for example, tributyl-O-acetyl citrate, triethyl O-acetyl citrate), esters of tartaric acid or esters of lactic acid.
• citric acid for example, tributyl-O-acetyl citrate, triethyl O-acetyl citrate
• esters of tartaric acid or esters of lactic acid for example, tributyl-O-acetyl citrate, triethyl O-acetyl citrate
• Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters such as, for example, esters of adipic acid (for example dioctyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate), esters of sebacic acid (for example Dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate) or esters of azelaic acid.
• esters of adipic acid for example dioctyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate
• esters of sebacic acid for example Dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
• esters of azelaic acid such as, for example, esters of adipic acid (for example dioctyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate), esters of sebacic acid (for example Dibutyl sebacate, di
• Esters of trimellitic acid e.g. Tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate.
• Esters of benzoic acid e.g. benzyl benzoate
• a particular embodiment of the invention is characterized in that more than 50% by weight of the components of the plastisol which are liquid at room temperature are esters of phthalic acid. More preferably more than 70% by weight and more preferably more than 90% by weight of the components of the plastisol which are liquid at room temperature are esters of phthalic acid.
• Temperature in the production of the plastisol should be as low as possible. On the other hand, energy is inevitably introduced into the system by mixing the plastisol components, which leads to a temperature increase without cooling. Thus, in consideration of technical requirements, a temperature will be reached which should not be exceeded in the course of plastisol production. It corresponds to a preferred embodiment of this invention, when the temperature in the production of the plastisol temperature of 60 ° C is not exceeded.
• the temperature of the plastisol during its preparation remains below 50 ° C and more preferably below 40 ° C. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature during the entire duration of the production of the plastisol is not greater than 35 ° C.
• the films are claimed, which can be obtained by gelling the said plastisols.
• the gelation is usually carried out in a heating oven (eg convection oven) at usual residence times. depending on the temperature - in the range of 10 to 30 minutes. In this case, temperatures between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 160 ° C are often used.
• a heating oven eg convection oven
• the tensile strength of such a plastisol film is not less than 1 MPa, this corresponds to a particular embodiment of this invention.
• films whose tensile strength is at least 1, 2 MPa or 1, 5 MPa are particularly preferred.
• films having a tensile strength of at least 1.8 MPa or 2.2 MPa are particularly preferred.
• Another important mechanical property of the plastisol film is the elongation at break, which according to a particular embodiment of the invention - also measured according to or according to DIN EN ISO 527-1 - at least
• the elongation at break of the film is not less than 220% or 260%. Films with an elongation at break of at least 300% are particularly preferred.
• the plastiol paste (in the formulation to be used) is applied in a wedge shape to a surface corresponding to the application by means of a doctor blade in such a way that a film thickness of 0 to 3 mm is obtained.
• the gelled plastisol film (wedge) is transported parallel to the layer thickness gradient a sharp blade at 1 cm intervals cut to the ground.
• the resulting 1 cm wide plastisol strips are - starting at the thin end - subtracted from the ground.
• the thickness of the film at the location of the film break is used, where a small film thickness corresponds to a good adhesion.
• the film thickness at the break-off point is determined with a layer thickness gauge.
• the plastisol film on untreated, cleaned steel sheet has an adhesion of more than 30 [deg.] .Mu.m according to the wedge-film removal method.
• the adhesion is preferably more than 50 ⁇ m or more than 75 ⁇ m. Adhesions of more than 100 ⁇ m are particularly preferred.
• the surfaces may be of different nature, belong to different materials and may be treated; as examples of its surfaces of plastics, wood, chip and wood fiber materials, ceramics, cardboard and / or metals called.
• the surface to be coated is that of a metal sheet.
• the surface of a metal sheet coated with an electrophoresing paint is coated; these include e.g. also the widely used in the automotive industry KTL sheets.
• a corresponding coated metallic surface is also claimed.
• the surface to be coated may be e.g. an untreated - possibly oiled - sheet, a cleaned sheet or a KTL-coated sheet metal act.
• the plastisols produced according to the invention are particularly suitable for use as underbody protection and for seam sealing, above all in the automotive industry and wagon construction.
• the coating of body parts in the automotive industry is particularly preferred. If the coatings are used on the outside in the underbody and wheel housing area of the motor vehicle, in addition to the damping of the sheet metal vibrations, the impact noise of stones, sand and water is also reduced.
• the viscosity number or reduced viscosity [ ⁇ ] of a solution can be used as a measure of the average molecular weight.
• a viscosity number of about 150 ml / g is expected; for average molecular weights of about 1,000,000 g / mol, a viscosity number of about 325 ml / g is to be expected.
• viscosity number values given in this document have been determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1628-1 and at a weight of 0.125 g per 100 ml of chloroform.
• Production control is practicable - method is that of laser diffraction. A detailed description of this method is contained in DIN ISO 13320-1. To carry out one can for example use a 'Coulter LS 13 320' from the manufacturer Beckmann-Coulter. vapor pressure
• the determination of the vapor pressure can be carried out according to the method described in DIN EN 13016-1 (Edition: 2006-01).
• the determination of the vapor pressure can be carried out according to the method described in DIN EN ISO 527-1.
• the plastiol paste (in the formulation to be used) is applied in a wedge shape to a surface to be examined with a doctor blade in such a way that a film thickness of 0 to 3 mm is obtained.
• the gelled plastisol film (wedge) is cut parallel to the layer thickness gradient with a sharp blade at 1 cm intervals down to the substrate.
• the resulting 1 cm wide plastisol strips are - starting at the thin end - subtracted from the ground.
• the thickness of the film at the location of the film break is used, where a small film thickness corresponds to a good adhesion.
• the film thickness at the break-off point is determined with a layer thickness gauge.
• the solids content of the dispersions can be determined experimentally by weighing a defined amount of dispersion on a flat aluminum pan. This dish is dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ° C to constant weight.
• the solids content is calculated by ⁇ weighting of the dried polymer ⁇ divided by ⁇ dispersion weight ⁇ .
• a 500 ml reactor is equipped with a thermometer, a port for inert gas (nitrogen), a stirrer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser.
• the reactor is superimposed with a slight stream of nitrogen until the end of dispersion production. By heating and cooling, the temperature is maintained at 80 ° C throughout the reaction time. The contents of the reactor are stirred with a stirrer at 200 revolutions per minute.
• the polymer dispersion is converted into a powder.
• the tower outlet temperature is 80 ° C; the speed of rotation of the atomizer disk is 20000 min -1 .
• a 500 ml reactor is equipped with a thermometer, a port for inert gas (nitrogen), a stirrer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser fitted.
• Emulsion at a rate of 50 g / hour metered into the reactor.
• cooling with the water bath prevents the temperature in the reactor from rising above 86 ° C.
• the solids content of this dispersion A (determined experimentally) is 44.0% by weight; the average particle size is 104 nm.
• the dispersion A can be used as a raw material for about 500 dispersion batches B in the binder production.
• Both the primary particles of comparative example V1 and those of dispersion B in inventive example E1 have a composition of 52:48 (mol%) of methyl methacrylate to isobutyl methacrylate in the interior.
• the outer region of the particles obtained in the second monomer metering consists in both cases of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate in a ratio of 60:40 (mol%).
• the particles of Dispersion A in Example E1 according to the invention have the monomer composition 52:48 (mol%, methyl methacrylate to isobutyl methacrylate) (and thus the same as the first dosage in the preparation of Dispersion B in Example E1).
• the dispersion in Comparative Example C1 was prepared 6 times, with average particle sizes between 673 nm and 861 nm were obtained.
• the mean value from the experiments was 784 nm.
• the dispersion B produced repeatedly in Example E1 according to the invention with the aid of the same dispersion A exhibited a significantly lower scattering of the mean particle sizes: for an average of all 6 experiments of 806 nm, the lowest particle size measured was 792 nm; the largest particle size measured was 817 nm.
• E1 can be metered from the outset at a higher rate: for example, a doubling of the metering rates has no effect in the example E1, while the achievable particle size is significantly smaller in the comparative example V1.
• the particle size achieved is correspondingly sensitive to unintended fluctuations in the dosing rate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

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