EP2083977B1 - Formwork system for concreting prefabricated parts, comprising a formwork shell and a formwork core - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a formwork system (1) for concreting room modules (21) and prefabricated concrete parts, comprising a formwork shell (2) and a formwork core (3). The formwork shell encompasses a formwork bottom (6), two longitudinal walls (4), and two front walls (5) that are arranged at the front ends of the longitudinal walls. The formwork core can be inserted into the formwork shell and comprises a horizontal element (10) that is designed as a bottom (11) and a horizontal element (10) which is designed as a covering element (12). Two front elements (14) and two lateral elements (15) are designed as vertical elements (13). The horizontal elements (10) and the vertical elements (13) are disposed such that a cuboidal hollow interior is formed within the formwork core (3). The front elements (14) and the lateral elements (15) are each coupled and movably connected to the bottom (11) and the covering element (12). A coupling mechanism (31) is designed such that a vertical outward movement of a horizontal element (10) causes the vertical elements (13) to be moved inward, thus reducing the distance between the opposite front elements (14) and the opposite lateral elements (15).

Description

The present invention relates to a formwork system for concreting concrete parts and room modules comprising an outer formwork and a formwork core. The outer formwork has a formwork floor, two longitudinal walls and two end walls. The end walls are arranged between the longitudinal walls at their front ends. The shuttering core is cuboid and can be used in the outer formwork.

In concrete construction, so-called formwork cores are used for the shaping of prefabricated parts, in particular in the preparation of contiguous prefabricated parts, in which at least one bottom part and one side part are connected to one another. An upwardly open external formwork comprising a bottom, two longitudinal walls and two arranged at the front ends of the longitudinal walls end walls, serves as an outer boundary for the walls or building parts to be created. In the outer formwork, a formwork core is used whose dimensions are slightly smaller than the inner dimensions of the outer formwork. The distance between the walls of the outer formwork and the formwork core corresponds to the width of the side wall to be concreted, the distance of the bottom of the formwork core from the formwork floor of the outer formwork corresponds to the thickness of the floor to be concreted. For this purpose, the formwork core is supported on the outer formwork. Parts with complex geometries, such as For example, room modules with floor and side walls or partially closed rooms, can be produced in a concreting process.

In the known concreting process for the production of room modules, the finished part in reverse mounting position, ie standing upside down, concreted and must be rotated after hardening. This requires a complex expensive turning mechanism and a lot of space. The shuttering core is placed on a base plate. Around the formwork core around an outer formwork is zugebaut. The space between the formwork core and the outer formwork is then filled with concrete. After the hardening process of the concrete, the outer formwork is dismantled again. The manufactured precast concrete is removed after complete curing upwards. A disadvantage of this method, however, is that the molded element produced must be rotated from its production position into the installation position. This high forces occur, which can lead to cracks in the concrete parts.

So that the inner formwork core can be easily removed from the finished concrete part after the setting process of the concrete, it must be able to reduce its outer dimensions. In the prior art, a manufacturing method using a so-called shrink core for molding is known, which can reduce its outer dimensions after the setting process of the concrete, so that a simple removal is possible. To reduce the outer dimensions of the formwork core, a complex, many mechanical and hydraulic components comprehensive hydraulics is arranged within the core, with the side walls translationally, ie parallel, can be moved inwards. To make this possible, four L-shaped corner pieces are provided, which can slip past each other, so that the corner parts are moved inward. A disadvantage of this system, in addition to the hydraulic with multiple cylinders, that the corner parts that are moved parallel to the side walls, with their entire voltage applied to the concrete part outside are removed simultaneously from the concrete part. This leads to demolition of the concrete and damage to the freshly concreted parts. Moreover, such a system is very heavy, expensive and error prone. A form-fitting design is limited. Fair-faced concrete parts can not be produced in sufficient quality.

The use of a formwork core according to the preamble of claim 1 in which the side walls can be moved parallel inwards, is also from the FR 2 310 454 known. For this purpose, the formwork core on an inner core, are hinged to the four side walls and four corner elements. Lifting the inner core causes the sidewalls to move inward. However, such a system always requires that a prefabricated concrete floor element is present, on which the side walls are concreted. In addition, this device is only partially suitable to produce exposed concrete parts in high quality.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a formwork system with an outer formwork and a formwork core, in which precast concrete elements and room modules can be produced in their installed position and high quality of the visible surfaces as one-piece finished element and which allows a simple and safe removal of the formwork core, without damaging the side walls of the concrete parts.

The present object is achieved with a formwork system having the feature according to claim 1. The present object is also achieved by a method with the features of claim 13 and with the features of claim 14. In the dependent subclaims preferred embodiments of the formwork system according to the invention are defined, which can be used individually or in combination.

The formwork system according to the invention for concreting precast concrete elements and room modules comprises an outer formwork and a formwork core. The outer formwork has a formwork floor, two longitudinal walls and two end walls. The end walls are arranged between the longitudinal walls at their front ends, so that there is a cavity-forming, open to the top cuboid structure. The formwork core is used for concreting an upwardly open space module in the outer formwork. The resulting between the outer formwork and the formwork core cavity is filled with concrete. The shuttering core itself forms a cuboid with a horizontal element formed as a base and with a cover element and with at least four vertical elements, two of which are designed as end elements and two as side elements. Each of the vertical elements is coupled to each of the two horizontal elements and movably connected. Each end element is thus coupled to both the cover element and with the bottom of the formwork core. For this purpose, a coupling mechanism is provided, which is designed such that a vertical movement of a horizontal element (bottom or cover element) outwardly causes a movement of the vertical elements in the inward direction, that the distance between the opposing vertical elements is reduced. A lifting of the cover element thus causes the vertical elements to move inwards. The distance between the two end elements and the distance between the two side elements is thereby reduced.

When concreting a room module can be started after the partial curing of the concrete with stripping. Once the setting process of the concrete is completed, the outer formwork and the formwork core can be removed from the concrete part. In order to improve the stripping and to facilitate the removal of the formwork core from the concrete part, the formwork core in its dimensions, at least in its horizontal dimensions, shrunk. For these reasons, such formwork core is also referred to as a shrink core. By automatically varying the distances of the vertical elements to one another by lifting the cover element, the dimensions are reduced in a simple manner. Thus, it is not necessary to dismantle the formwork core.

In a preferred embodiment, the coupling mechanism comprises a plurality of pivot levers. At least one pivot lever is arranged between a vertical element and a horizontal element. Thus, the vertical elements can be pivoted relative to the horizontal elements. The pivot lever is articulated to both the horizontal element and on the vertical element. For example, the pivot lever may consist of a connecting piece or a molded part which is fastened between the two pivot points on the vertical element or the horizontal element. Advantageously, a movement of the vertical elements can be generated inwardly such that the movement has a rotational component. When a horizontal element is moved outwardly, the edge regions of the vertical elements adjacent to the moving horizontal element are moved towards one another. The pivot lever thus performs a rotational movement. This can take place around one of the bearing points on the vertical element or on the horizontal element. However, pivoting about another within or outside the pivot lever lying (virtual) pivot point is possible.

The movement of the pivoting lever caused by moving the horizontal element outwards causes the moving horizontal element to move adjacent edge regions of the two opposing vertical elements are moved towards each other. The distance between these edges opposite edges, however, remains unchanged. The vertical elements are therefore tilted inwards. The tipping of the elements has the advantage that the vertical elements do not have to be solved simultaneously over the entire surface of the concrete element concrete. Rather, a piecewise release by pivoting or tilting of the vertical elements inward is possible. The applied forces to separate the vertical elements of the concrete element are small. The risk of flaking due to the release of the vertical elements is greatly reduced, so that the production of exposed concrete walls is reliably possible.

It is advantageous if at least the vertical elements are made of shuttering panels. The weight of the formwork core is reduced, the transport and handling of the formwork core are facilitated. The end elements of the formwork core are formed as end panels; the side elements as side panels. The thickness of the formwork panels is low in relation to their height and length. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness to the height is <1%, so that the thickness of the shuttering panels is significantly less than 2.5 cm with a vertical extension of the vertical element of 2.50 m. Thickness is understood to mean the dimension in the direction of the surface normal of the formwork panel, that is to say the extent perpendicular to the height and length of the panel. Preferably, the horizontal elements are formed as formwork panels.

In a preferred embodiment, the formwork panels are reinforced with a supporting structure. The support structure includes panel-like reinforcing elements, which are advantageously and particularly preferably designed as horizontal ribs and vertical ribs. The ribs are each perpendicular to the formwork panel or to the inside. In this way, very rigid and torsionally rigid formwork elements can be produced, but their weight is significantly lower than a comparatively rigid formwork element made of solid material.

The pivot levers of the coupling mechanism can be attached to the support structure of the formwork panels of the vertical elements as well as the horizontal elements be. A pivoting of the horizontal elements relative to the vertical elements is significantly simplified due to the relatively thin formwork panels. The construction of the coupling mechanism can thereby be quite simple. Nevertheless, an exact movement and positioning of the individual panels to each other is possible.

In a preferred embodiment, the vertical elements each have an edge at their upper and lower edge regions, which extends horizontally in the direction of the adjacent horizontal element. Preferably, the edge of the vertical elements flush with the adjacent horizontal element, when the formwork core is arranged in its concreting, so all elements are connected to each other such that a formwork introduced into the outer formwork core can be used for concreting.

In order to improve the shrinkage process of the formwork core (reduction of the distances between the vertical elements), in a preferred embodiment of the formwork core at least one corner element is included which is arranged between two adjacent vertical elements and couples the two vertical elements to one another via a coupling element. Between a front element and a side member of the formwork core so a coupling element is arranged such that the end element is coupled to the side member. The corner element is designed such that a movement of the vertical elements inward, in particular a tilting of the vertical elements, is made possible. In addition, the corner element is also movable inwards and can be easily solved by the precast concrete to be concreted.

Preferably, the corner element is designed as a corner panel and has stiffening elements on its inner side. The reinforcing elements of the vertical elements, in particular the horizontal ribs of the end elements and the side elements, overlap each other at the corner regions. They also overlap the stiffening part of the corner element. The coupling element of the corner element may be formed as a vertically extending guide rod. Corresponding guide recesses are arranged in the stiffening elements and the reinforcing elements such that the guide rod extends through the guide recesses. This way will be through the coupling element, the corner elements guided by the adjacent vertical elements.

Preferably, the guide recess is formed in the horizontally arranged stiffening elements of the corner element as a slot in which the coupling element can be performed. Particularly preferably, the stiffening element is wedge-shaped axisymmetric to the bisector of the corner element. The slot is then also oriented in the direction of the axis bisector. The guide recess in the horizontal ribs of the vertical elements is preferably a bore which is slightly larger than the guide rod. In this way, in a tilting and movement of the vertical elements inwardly the corner element only then (inwardly) moves when the coupling element abuts the one end of the longitudinal groove and thus entrains the corner element.

When removing the formwork core from the outer formwork, the corner elements are moved by the vertical elements. Preferably, therefore, at least one horizontal stiffening element of the corner element above a horizontal rib of a vertical element is arranged such that a lifting of the vertical elements causes a lifting of the corner element. When the cover element is raised, the vertical elements follow the tilting of the upper and, during the subsequent tilting in of the lower edge, the vertical movement upward. The arranged below the stiffening elements of the corner element horizontal ribs support the corner element such that the corner element follows the vertical elements. Their movement, however, is delayed by the coupling mechanism. The corner elements therefore represent path-controlled elements that are controlled by the displacement path of the vertical elements, that is, their movement is controlled by the movement of the vertical elements. During shrinkage, the corner elements are caster-oriented, that is, they do not move until after the vertical elements have moved. When so-called spreading, so if the distance of the vertical elements is increased, the corner elements are flow-oriented.

The formwork system according to the invention with an outer formwork and a formwork core variable in its outer dimensions has a multiplicity of advantages that result from the operations resulting from this formwork core divide resulting from the resulting with this formwork core concreting processes. The formwork system according to the invention enables the production of monolithic concrete parts, in particular precast concrete components, which have a bottom and one or more side parts. Due to the movement of the formwork core, the precast concrete parts can be produced in the installed position, that is, in the position as they are later used in the assembly of a house consisting of precast concrete parts. This has advantages in terms of the resulting end product as well as the efficiency of the production.

With regard to the production process, the space required is considerably smaller compared to production methods in which the precast concrete component is produced in the reverse installed position. A turning device for the component is not provided. The wage bill is also lower because no additional staff has to be used for the turning process. In the production results in a much lower error rate, for example, in the placement of built-in components, since there can be no side confusion, as is possible in upside down productions. The biggest advantage in the manufacturing process is that early removal work on the concrete part is possible. Directly after the shuttering process (partial heating / curing) can begin with the finishing work. It is not necessary to wait until the concrete part has completely hardened and the required strength for the turning process of the component is given. The production time of a finished precast concrete part is significantly reduced. The monolithic structure which can be produced with the formwork system according to the invention has the advantage that no assembly stage is necessary in the production sequence, in which the concrete individual parts have to be assembled.

With regard to the component to be produced, the following advantages can be achieved with the formwork system according to the invention: Due to the monolithic nature of the component, fewer steel inserts are necessary for reinforcement. At the same time, a higher stability of the overall system is achieved. Expensive built-in parts for connecting various elements, as they are necessary, for example, in concrete prefabricated, eliminated. The monolithic nature of the concrete part reduces the expense of finishing work, such as piping or cable strands. These can be arranged and placed directly during manufacture, ie before the concrete flows into the formwork system. A later connection is not necessary. Between the individual walls or the walls and the floor no joints and thus no leaks.

Since it can be dispensed with a turning of the component, because it is already made in the installed position, no additional "turning reinforcements" and other load handling devices are required. The production in installation position therefore allows a production of space and components in circulation mode.

During the manufacturing process, the concrete element can remain on a so-called circulation pallet, from the concreting phase to delivery. High Abhebelasten be applied only at the end of production on the concrete part. Therefore, a lower reinforcement is necessary. The revolving pallet itself allows earlier stripping, since the release of the formwork sets the required strength for the concrete and not the lifting of the concrete element on the bottom formwork and thus the pressure and tensile forces occurring during lifting.

Figuren 1 bis 5

ein Schalungssystem mit einer Außenschalung und einem Schalungskern zur Herstellung eines Betonfertigteils in jeweils perspektivischer Ansicht;

Figuren 6a bis 6d

eine schematische Schnittzeichnung durch das Schalungssystem gemäß Fig. 2 vor dem Einfüllen des Betons;

Figuren 7 bis 10

eine Schnittzeichnung durch das Betonfertigteil mit Schalungskern während der Entnahme des Schalungskerns;

Figuren 11a bis 11c

eine schematische Detailansicht eines teilweise aufgeschnittenen Schalungskerns;

Figuren 12a bis 12d

eine Detailzeichnung einer Ecke des Schalungskerns während der Herausnahme aus dem Betonfertigteil; und

Figuren 13a bis 13c

verschiedene Ausführungen eines Seitenelements des Schalungskerns.

Preferred embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures without limiting the generality. The features and features illustrated in the figures may be used individually and in combination to provide further preferred embodiments of the subject invention. Show it:

FIGS. 1 to 5

a formwork system with an outer formwork and a formwork core for producing a precast concrete in each perspective view;

FIGS. 6a to 6d

a schematic sectional drawing through the formwork system according to Fig. 2 before filling the concrete;

FIGS. 7 to 10

a sectional view through the precast concrete element with formwork core during removal of the formwork core;

FIGS. 11a to 11c

a schematic detail view of a partially cut formwork core;

FIGS. 12a to 12d

a detailed drawing of a corner of the formwork core during removal from the precast concrete part; and

FIGS. 13a to 13c

different versions of a side element of the formwork core.

The device according to the invention is explained below by way of example in the production of a room module with side walls and a monolithic floor.

In Fig. 1 is an inventive formwork system 1 with an outer formwork 2 and a formwork core 3 to see during the process of insertion of the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2. The outer formwork 2 has two longitudinal walls 4, two end walls 5 and a shuttering bottom 6. The longitudinal walls 4 and the end walls 5 are reinforced by a supporting structure 7, the horizontal ribs 8 and vertical ribs 9 includes.

The formwork core 3 comprises two horizontal elements 10, which are formed as a bottom 11 (not shown) and cover element 12. Four vertical elements 13 are formed as end elements 14 and side elements 15. On the cover element 12 a plurality of Quertragtraversen 16 are arranged at which a hoist, not shown, the formwork core 3 lifts and moves.

For exact positioning of the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2 16 guide pins 17 are provided on the Quertragtraversen, which are inserted into corresponding positioning receptacles 18 in the longitudinal walls 4. The formwork core 3 is positioned with equidistant spacing in the outer formwork 2.

At the corners of the formwork core 3, four corner elements 19 are arranged, which are each coupled to a side member 15 and a front element 14. In Fig. 1 the shuttering core 3 is shown in its transport position, in which the vertical elements 13, the horizontal elements 10 and the corner elements 19 are coupled together and connected via coupling mechanisms, not shown here. Nevertheless, the elements are not flush with each other, but are spaced apart.

Fig. 2 The formwork core 3 is shown here in its concreting position, in which the corner elements 19, the vertical elements 13 and the horizontal elements 10 abut each other, so that a flush, one-piece outer skin of the formwork core 3 results. The cavity 20 formed between the formwork core 3 and the outer formwork 2 is then filled with concrete in a next step, whereby a prefabricated concrete element designed as a room module is produced. The method of filling the cavity 20 is in FIG EP 06 023 710 whose contents become the content of this application by referencing.

The Quertragtraversen 16 are based on the outer formwork 2 from. As a result, the formwork core 3 is held in position. The formwork core 3 thus floats practically in the outer formwork 2, so that the bottom of the formwork core 3 is spaced from the formwork floor 6 of the outer formwork 2. Additional spacer elements between the two floors can be provided; however, they are not essential.

If no spacer elements are used on the ground, then the formwork core must have within a mechanism, with which the two opposing horizontal elements can be moved against each other. By the mechanism, the distance can be reduced or spread, so that the vertical elements of the formwork core 3 are spread or shrunk in accordance with the coupling mechanism.

Fig. 3 shows the formwork core 3 is in its transport position when lifting out of the outer formwork 2. After completion of the setting process of the precast concrete formwork core 3 from its concreting in the Transport position moves, with its horizontal outer dimensions, ie the distances between the vertical elements 13, are reduced.

In Fig. 3 can be seen by way of example that 3 openings are provided in the cover element 12 of the formwork core. Through these openings, the interior of the formwork core 3 is accessible. It can be used, for example, to fix in the space between the outer formwork 2 and formwork core 3 arranged before filling the concrete empty cans for sockets or conduits in their position again or change.

The completely removed formwork core 3 is in Fig. 4 shown. A room module 21 remains in the outer formwork 2.

After removal of the outer formwork 2, that is, after the dismantling of the longitudinal walls 4 and the end walls 5, the room module 21 remains standing on the formwork floor 6 of the outer formwork 2, Fig. 5 , The room module 21 is in its installed position. Further work on the room module can now be made, although the concrete is not completely cured because no forces occur, in particular no levers or rotational forces, as they are necessary when turning the precast concrete in the manufacturing process in reverse mounting position. Both the formwork core 3 and the outer walls 4, 5 of the outer formwork 2 can now be used for the production of another precast concrete part. Only the shuttering floor 6 is blocked by the new precast concrete part. On the formwork floor 6, however, the precast concrete part can be moved within the assembly hall in a position for processing and curing.

The manufacturing process of a precast concrete part and in particular the shrinkage of the formwork core 3 is based on the FIGS. 6 to 10 explained in more detail, showing the shuttering core 3 in schematic cross section and other details.

In Fig. 6a the shuttering core 3 is shown in the outer formwork 2 in its concreting position. The bottom 11 of the formwork core 3 is mounted on two supports 22, so that between the shuttering floor 6 and the bottom 11 of the desired Distance can be generated. About the distance, the thickness of the bottom of the precast concrete element is adjustable.

Clearly visible in the FIGS. 6a to 6d in that the vertical elements 13 in their upper edge region 23 and in their lower edge region 24 each have an edge piece 25 or 26 which extends in the horizontal direction. The vertical elements 13 have a U-shaped contour, in which the two legs are aligned horizontally.

On an inner side 27 of the vertical elements 13 reinforcing elements 28 are arranged, which are formed as horizontal ribs 29 and vertical ribs 30. The horizontal ribs 29 and the vertical ribs 30 correspond to the horizontal ribs 8 and the vertical ribs 9 of the outer formwork second

The formed as a side member 15 vertical element 13 is coupled via a coupling mechanism 31 with the bottom 11 and with the cover member 12. The coupling mechanism 31 comprises a plurality of pivoting levers 32, which are rotatably connected to the vertical ribs 30 at the upper and lower edge regions 23, 24 of the side elements 15. The pivot levers 32 have a first pivot bearing 33 with a first bearing axis 34, which is connected to a reinforcing rib 30 a of a horizontal element 10. At a second pivot bearing 35 with a second bearing axis 36, the pivot lever 32 is mounted on a vertical rib 30 of a vertical element 13.

The angle of an imaginary connecting line through the first pivot bearing 33 and the second pivot bearing 35 with respect to the horizontal is referred to as the orientation angle α or β. The orientation angle α defines the angular position of the pivot lever 32 at the bottom 11, the orientation angle β, the angle of the pivot lever 32, which are mounted on the cover element 12.

In the concreting position of the formwork core 3, the orientation angles α, β are the same. The two angles α and β are each relatively small, preferably the angles are between 1 ° and 5 °. In the FIGS. 6c and 6d a particular embodiment of a pivot lever 32 is shown. This pivot lever 32 additionally has a stop pin 37 which, in the concreting position of the shuttering core 3 presses against a vertical rib 30 of the vertical element 13. Thus, the angle of rotation or pivot angle of the pivot lever 32 is limited. A connecting rod 38 extends through the pivot lever 32 therethrough. Several parallel pivot lever 32 can be coupled together, see. Fig. 11a , The torsional stiffness of the entire formwork core 3 is increased.

During the shrinkage process of the formwork core 3, this is moved from its concreting position to its transport position. The FIGS. 7a to 7d show the formwork core 3 at the beginning of the kinematic shrinkage process, after the cover element 12 has been raised slightly by a hoist, not shown here. The formwork core 3 is located in the room module 21. The pivot lever 32, which are mounted on the cover element 12, were pivoted by the lifting of the cover element 12, so that the orientation angle β is now significantly greater than the orientation angle α of the pivot lever 32 mounted on the bottom 11 At the same time, the two side elements 15 tilt inwards, so that the distances of the opposite upper edge regions 23, 24 of the side elements 15 are reduced. The side members 15 are inclined inwardly by the tilt angle γ.

As a result of the connection with the adhesion forces and the dead weight of the side elements 15, they tear off the room module 21 in the upper edge region 23. A V-shaped gap is formed between the space module 21 and the vertical elements 13.

Fig. 8 shows the formwork core 3 in a later process step in which the cover element 12 has been moved further upwards. The two side elements 15 are now also moved upward, so that the lower pivot lever 32 have performed a pivoting movement. The orientation angle α is now increased, but smaller than the orientation angle β. The inclination of the side members 15 is reduced.

The FIGS. 9a to 9d The alignment angle α of the lower pivot lever 32 corresponds to the alignment angle β of the upper pivot lever 32. The side elements 15 are vertically aligned. At the same time they were raised. The side elements 15 are completely detached from the room module 21.

Thus, the shuttering core 3 has been moved from its concreting position to its transport position. The so-called shrinking process is finished. The shuttering core 3 can be removed from the room module 21 upwards ( Fig. 10 ).

In the case of the insertion of the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2 is in the FIGS. 6 to 10 go through the described procedure in reverse order. First, the floor 11 sets on the shuttering floor 6. Then, the side members 15 in the lower edge portion 24 are pushed outward, so that the side members 15 are inclined. Subsequently, the upper edge portion 23 is inclined outwardly, so that the side members 15 are aligned straight and vertical until the cover member 12 is moved so far down that all parts of the formwork core 3 are flush with each other.

However, the shrinkage process explained here in two-dimensional terms is a three-dimensional shrinkage process in which a collision of the vertical elements 13 relative to one another has to be avoided. Due to the corner elements 19, this is made possible because each corner element 19 is of its geometric basic structure a three-dimensional structure which extends at least functionally over all three dimension axes. The corner element 19 has the task of closing resulting gaps from the necessary displacement paths of the side elements 15, the end elements 14 and the horizontal elements 10 for the "spread" concreting position. This is achieved in that the corner element 19 during the movement of the formwork core 3 from the concreting position in the transport position and vice versa weglauf led forward or. In the context of the invention it has been found that the choice for a pre- or post-driven corner element 19 is dependent on the installation position of the formwork core 3 and the geometric requirements of the precast concrete part. In the following, a tracking-controlled corner element 19 will be described by way of example. The lead-controlled corner element is constructed mechanically identical in a figurative sense. The corner element 19 is in detail in the FIGS. 11a to 11c shown. Fig. 11a shows the formwork core 3 according to the invention in a cutaway view, so that the arranged on the inside 27 reinforcing elements 28 are clearly visible. The reinforcing elements 28, which are formed as horizontal ribs 29 and vertical ribs 30, are present on all side walls as well as the bottom 11 and the cover element 12, not shown here. The corner element 19 has on its inner side horizontally extending stiffening elements 39. The corner element 19 is likewise designed as a corner panel. The stiffening elements 39 have a substantially square base surface with an extending in the direction bisector guide extension 40 having a guide recess 41 which also extends along the bisector. The stiffening elements 39 overlap with the horizontal ribs 29 of the vertical elements 13. In the overlapping part of the horizontal ribs 29 guide recesses 42 are arranged, which correspond to the guide recesses 41. A guide rod 43 extends through the guide recesses 41, 42 such that the corner elements 19 are guided by the vertical elements 13.

At least two stiffening elements 39, one in the lower and one in the upper region of the corner element 19, additionally have two guide arms 44 extending at 90 ° to each other and extending parallel to the vertical elements. The guide arms 44 support the guide rod 43 and cooperate with this. This ensures that the corner elements 19 are moved forward or curb-controlled with or from the vertical elements 13.

The corner elements 19 have an upper and lower edge 45 which extends horizontally. The edge 45 is essentially wedge-shaped. It also has a guide recess 41 through which the guide rod 43 extends. The shape of the edge 45 corresponds to the shape of the edge pieces 25, 26 of the vertical elements, so that in the concreting position of the formwork core 3, a circumferential, flush edge of the formwork core is formed. The edge pieces 25, 26 have at their lateral ends in each case a chamfer, which correspond to the edge pieces 45 of the corner elements. The cover element 12 and the bottom 11 are designed such that that they are framed by the edge pieces 25 and 45 or 26 and 45 and terminate flush with them in the concreting position.

The FIGS. 12a to 12d show a detailed drawing of the corner element 19 during the removal of the formwork core 13 from a ready-concreted room module 21st

In the concreting position of the formwork core 3, the corner elements 19 are flush with the vertical elements 13, Fig. 12a ,

As soon as the cover element 12 is lifted slightly, the vertical elements 13 move inwards and detach at the upper edge 23 from the room module 21. The vertical elements are lifted slightly, as in FIG Fig. 12b clearly shown. The vertical elements 13 overlap with the corner element 19, so that the vertical elements 13 undercut the corner elements 19 at the outer corners. In a further lifting of the cover member 12, the vertical elements 13 are moved further upwards after they are no longer tilted, but again vertically aligned. The corner elements 19 are also slightly raised in this movement step, since the horizontal ribs 29 are arranged below the stiffening elements 39, Fig. 12c , The lifting of the vertical elements 13 thereby also causes a lifting of the corner member 19. In a further raising of the cover member 12, the caster-controlled corner element 19 is also moved inwards and detached from the room module 21 completely. The formwork core 3 is now freely movable in the room module 21 and can be removed upwards, Fig. 12d ,

In the shrinkage process of the formwork core 3 described here, ie in the transition from the concreting position to the transport position of the formwork core 3, it was always assumed that a hoist lifts the cover element 12 upwards. It is clear to those skilled in the art that it does not depend on the lifting of the cover element 12, but on an increase in the distance between the cover element 12 and the bottom 11. This increase in the distance can for example be accomplished by a Spreizkonstruktion that inside the formwork core 3 is arranged. This expansion construction may for example consist of Hydraulikstempeln. Since the formwork core 3 according to the invention hollow inside and through openings in the cover element 12 is walkable, such a construction can be arranged in the interior of the formwork core and possibly even be operated mechanically or manually by the operator inside the formwork core. In addition to a lifting mechanism, the pressing apart of the horizontal elements can be caused by a push-pull member. Examples include spindles, hydraulic cylinders or a pliers mechanism. In this case, the spreading and shrinking is independent of the lifting and lowering of the formwork body from the precast concrete or in the outer formwork possible. In addition to the previously described, it is of course also possible to create a room module that consists only of walls and a ceiling. In this case, the bottom 11 of the formwork core 3 can be moved downwards, for example by spreading the two opposing horizontal elements 10. The formwork core 3 can then be moved out of the room module downwards, so that it is also possible to place corresponding room modules with ceiling To produce soil. However, the principle of spreading and shrinking of the formwork core remains.

The FIGS. 13a to 13c show different ways of designing the precast concrete, resulting from the construction of the formwork core 3 according to the invention.

In Fig. 13a a vertical element 13 is shown, on the outside of which a structured plastic matrix 49 is applied. In the ready-mixed concrete part to be produced, a negative impression of the plastic matrix is produced. In addition to exposed concrete surfaces so structured surfaces can be created, for example, natural stone replica and / or slip-resistant floors or the like.

Fig. 13b shows a vertical element 13 with a holder 46 for a window element 47, which is to be firmly cast into the room module 21. In the space between the outer formwork 2 and formwork core 3, a window member 47 is introduced, which is fixed by the holder 46. During filling the space between the outer formwork 2 and the formwork core 3, the concrete flows around the window member 47 around, so that a window-like recess or an opening in the room module is formed.

Fig. 13c shows a vertical element 13 in a recess body 48 which is to be recessed in the precast concrete part. Due to the design of the recess body 48, almost any recesses in the prefabricated component, for example for recessed luminaires and mirrors, for shelves and the like, can be formed. This principle of the recess body can also be applied to the floor 11 in order to realize, for example, floor slopes in bathrooms. By means of a suitable recess body, for example, a shower tray can be molded directly into the floor in the area of the bathroom.

Claims (14)

1. Formwork system for producing prefabricated concrete parts and space modules, comprising a formwork shell (2) and a formwork core (3), wherein
   the formwork shell (2) comprises a formwork bottom (6), two longitudinal walls (4) and two end walls (5) and the end walls (5) are arranged between the longitudinal walls (4) at the ends thereof;
   the formwork core (3) is designed for insertion into the formwork shell (2), and comprises:

   - a horizontal element (10) constructed as a bottom (11) and a horizontal element (10) constructed as a top element (12) and

   - two vertical elements (13) constructed as end elements (14) and two vertical elements (13) constructed as side elements (15), which are arranged such that a cuboidal hollow interior is formed, and

   - a coupling mechanism (31),

   wherein

   - the end elements (14) and the side elements (15) are in each case coupled with and movably connected to the bottom (11) and the top element (12); and

   - the coupling mechanism (31) is configured such that a vertical outwards movement of a horizontal element (10) effects an inwards movement of the vertical elements (13) such that the distance between the opposing vertical elements (13) is reduced.
2. Formwork system according to claim 1, characterised in that the coupling mechanism (31) comprises a plurality of pivot levers (32), wherein at least one pivot lever (32) is arranged between a vertical element (13) and a horizontal element (10).
3. Formwork system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that a vertical outwards movement of a horizontal element (10) effects the inwards movement of the vertical elements (13), which movement comprises a rotational component such that edge zones (23), which are adjacent to the first horizontal element (10), of two opposing vertical elements (13) are moved towards one another, while the distance of the edge zones (24), which are adjacent to the second horizontal element (10), of two opposing vertical elements (13) remains unchanged.
4. Formwork system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the end elements (14) of the formwork core (3) are formed as end plates from formwork plates and the side elements (15) of the formwork core (3) are likewise formed as side plates from formwork plates, the thickness of which is small relative to the height and length thereof, preferably in a ratio relative to height of < 1%.
5. Formwork system according to claim 4, characterised in that the formwork plates are reinforced with a supporting structure, which preferably includes plate-like reinforcing elements (28) which particularly preferably are constructed as horizontal ribs (29) and vertical ribs (30).
6. Formwork system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the end elements (14) and the side elements (15) each comprise an upper edge piece (25) and a lower edge piece (26) which extend horizontally towards the adjacent horizontal element (10).
7. Formwork system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork core (3) comprises at least one corner element (19) which is arranged between an end element (14) and a side element (15) and is coupled via a coupling element with the one end element (14) and the one side element (15).
8. Formwork system according to claim 7, characterised in that

   - the corner element (19) is a corner plate with bracing elements (39) arranged on the inner side,

   - the reinforcing elements (28) of the one end element (14) and of the one side element (15) at least partially overlap with the reinforcing elements (28),

   - the coupling element is a vertically extending guide rod (43), and

   - corresponding guide recesses (41, 42) are arranged in the bracing elements (39) and in the parts of the reinforcing elements (28) which overlap the bracing elements, through which guide recesses (41, 42) the guide rod (43) extends.
9. Formwork system according to claim 8, characterised in that the guide recess (41) in the horizontal bracing elements (39) of the corner element (19) is a longitudinal groove, in which the guide rod (43) of the corner element (19) is guided.
10. Formwork system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that at least one horizontal bracing element (39) of the corner element (19) is arranged above a horizontal rib (29) of the side element (15) and a horizontal rib (29) of the end element (14) in such a manner that, on vertical movement of the end element (14) and of the side element (15), the corner element (19) is moved in the same direction.
11. Formwork system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer side of the side elements (15) and of the end elements (14) is smooth.
12. Formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the outer sides of the end elements (14) and of the side elements (15) comprise an outwardly extending recess body (48) in order to produce a corresponding recess in the concrete part or space module (21) which is to be concreted.
13. Method for removing a formwork core (3) from a formwork shell (2), in particular from a formwork shell (2) of a formwork system according to claims 1 to 12, wherein the formwork shell (2) comprises a formwork bottom (6), two longitudinal walls (4) and two end walls (5), and the formwork core (3) comprises two opposing horizontal elements (10) and four vertical elements (13), such that the formwork core (3) has the shape of a cuboid,
    wherein the formwork core (3) comprises a coupling mechanism (31) such that the vertical elements (13) are movably coupled with the horizontal elements (10),
    comprising:

    vertical upwards movement of a horizontal element (10) which is constructed as a top element (12), whereby the following steps are carried out by means of the coupling mechanism (31):

    - movement of the vertical elements (13) such that the vertical elements (13) are tilted inwards at the edge zone (23) which is adjacent to the top element (12);

    - movement of the vertical elements (13) such that, the vertical elements (13) are tilted inwards at the edge zones (24) positioned opposite to the top element (12), until the vertical elements (13) are oriented parallel, wherein during the second tilt movement the vertical elements (13) are moved in the direction of movement of the top element (12);

    - movement of the horizontal element (10) which is constructed as a bottom (11) and is positioned opposite to the top element (12) towards the top element (12) by means of the vertical movement of the vertical elements (13) which are coupled via the coupling mechanism (31) with the bottom (11);

    - complete removal of the formwork core (3) from the formwork shell (2).
14. Method for inserting a formwork core (3) into a formwork shell (2), in particular into a formwork shell (2) of a formwork system according to claims 1 to 12, wherein the formwork shell (2) includes a formwork bottom (6), two longitudinal walls (4) and two end walls (5), and the formwork core (3) comprises two opposing horizontal elements (10) and four vertical elements (13), such that the formwork core (3) has the shape of a cuboid,
    wherein the formwork core (3) comprises a coupling mechanism (31) such that the vertical elements (13) are movably coupled with the horizontal elements (10),
    comprising:

    vertical downwards movement of the formwork core (3) until a horizontal element (10) constructed as a bottom (11) rests on supports (22) which are arranged on the formwork bottom (6) of the formwork shell (2),

    wherein the movement of the formwork core (3) is effected by the downwards movement of the horizontal element (10) constructed as a top element (12), whereby the following steps are carried out by means of the coupling mechanism (31):

    - movement of the vertical elements (13) such that the vertical elements (13) are tilted outwards at the edge zones (24) positioned opposite to the top element (12), wherein during the tilt movement the vertical elements (13) are moved in the direction of movement of the top element (12) until they are flush with the bottom (11);

    - movement of the vertical elements (13) such that the vertical elements (13) are tilted outwards at the edge zone (23) which is adjacent to the top element (12) until the vertical elements (13) are oriented parallel;

    - downwards movement of the top element (12) until it is flush with the vertical elements (13), whereby the formwork core (3) is completely spread.

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