DE102007019406A1 - Formwork system for concreting prefabricated elements with an external formwork and a formwork core - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork system (1) for concreting of room modules (21) and precast concrete parts comprises an outer formwork (2) and a formwork core (3). The outer formwork has a formwork floor (6), two longitudinal walls (4) and two end walls (5), which are arranged at the front ends of the longitudinal walls. The formwork core can be used in the outer formwork. It comprises a bottom element (11) and a cover element (12) formed horizontal element (10). Two end elements (14) and two side elements (15) are designed as vertical elements (13). The horizontal elements (10) and the vertical elements (13) are arranged such that a cuboid hollow interior in the formwork core 3 is formed. The end elements (14) and the side elements (15) are respectively coupled to the bottom (11) and the cover element (12) and movably connected. A coupling mechanism (31) is formed such that a vertical movement of a horizontal element (10) outwardly causes the vertical elements (13) to move inward. In this case, the distance between the opposite end elements (14) and the opposite side elements (15) is reduced.

Description

The The present invention relates to a formwork system for concreting of concrete parts and room modules comprising an outer formwork and a formwork core. The outer formwork has a shuttering floor, two longitudinal walls and two end walls. The end walls are on between the longitudinal walls arranged their front ends. The shuttering core is cuboidal and can in the outer formwork be used.

in the Concrete construction are used to shape prefabricated parts, especially at the creation of related Prefabricated parts where at least one bottom part and one side part interconnected, so-called formwork cores for shaping used. An upwardly open external formwork, which forms a floor, two longitudinal walls and two arranged at the ends of the longitudinal walls end walls includes, serves as an outer boundary for the to be created walls or building parts. In the outer formwork a formwork core is used whose dimensions are slightly smaller than the internal dimensions of the outer formwork are. The distance between the walls the outer formwork and the formwork core corresponds to the width of the side wall to be concreted, the distance of the bottom of the formwork core from the formwork floor of external formwork corresponds to the thickness of the ground to be concreted. In support of this the formwork core on the outer formwork from. Parts with complex geometries, such as room modules with floor and side walls or partially closed rooms, let to produce in a concreting process.

at the known concreting process for the production of room modules The finished part is in reverse mounting position, so on the head standing, concreted and must be turned after hardening. This requires an elaborate one expensive turning mechanics and plenty of space. The formwork core is on one Bottom plate arranged. Around the formwork core is an outer formwork sheeted. The gap between formwork core and outer formwork is then filled with concrete. After the curing process the concrete becomes the outer formwork again reduced. The manufactured precast element is after complete curing after taken above. However, a disadvantage of this method is that the molded element produced from its manufacturing position in the installation position has to be turned. There are high forces, which can lead to cracks in the concrete parts.

In order to the inner formwork core after the setting process of concrete easy must be taken from the finished concrete part, he has his Reduce outside dimensions can. The prior art uses a manufacturing method a so-called shrink core for shaping known after the setting process of the concrete can reduce its external dimensions, so that a easy removal allows becomes. To reduce the external dimensions of the formwork core is an elaborate, many mechanical and within the core hydraulic components arranged comprehensive hydraulic, with the the side walls translational, ie parallel, can be moved inwards. Around to enable this are each four L-shaped Provided corner pieces that can slip past each other, so that the corner pieces are moved inwards. The disadvantage of this System in addition to hydraulics with multiple cylinders that the corner pieces, parallel to the side walls be moved with their entire adjoining the concrete part outside be removed simultaneously from the concrete part. This comes it to demolition of the concrete and to damage the freshly concreted Parts. About that In addition, such a system is very heavy, expensive and error prone. A form-fitting design is limited. Exposed concrete parts can not in sufficient quality getting produced.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, a formwork system with an external formwork and to propose a formwork core, in the precast concrete parts and Room modules in their installation position and with high quality of the visible surfaces as one piece Finished element can be produced and which is a simple and safe removal of the formwork core allows, without the side walls of the Damage concrete parts.

The present task with a formwork system with the feature according to claim 1 solved. The present object is also achieved by a method having the features of claim 13 and solved with the features of claim 14. In the dependent subclaims are Defined preferred embodiments of the formwork system according to the invention, which can be used individually or in combination.

The formwork system according to the invention for concreting precast concrete elements and room modules comprises an outer formwork and a formwork core. The outer formwork has a formwork floor, two longitudinal walls and two end walls. The end walls are arranged between the longitudinal walls at their front ends, so that there is a cavity-forming, open to the top cuboid structure. The formwork core is used for concreting an upwardly open space module in the outer formwork. The resulting between the outer formwork and the formwork core cavity is filled with concrete. The shuttering core itself forms a parallelepiped with a bottom and with a cover element designed as a Horizontal element and with at least four vertical elements, two of which are designed as end elements and two as side elements. Each of the vertical elements is coupled to each of the two horizontal elements and movably connected. Each end element is thus coupled to both the cover element and with the bottom of the formwork core. For this purpose, a coupling mechanism is provided, which is designed such that a vertical movement of a horizontal element (bottom or cover element) outwardly causes a movement of the vertical elements in the inward direction, that the distance between the opposing vertical elements is reduced. A lifting of the deck element thus causes the vertical elements to move inwards. The distance between the two end elements and the distance between the two side elements is thereby reduced.

At the Concreting a room module can already after partial curing of the Concrete be started with stripping. Once the setting process the concrete is completed the outer formwork and the formwork core are removed from the concrete part. To that Stripping to improve and removal of the formwork core simplify the concrete part, the formwork core is in his Dimensions, at least in its horizontal dimensions, shrunk. For these reasons Such a formwork core is also referred to as a shrink core. By automatically varying the distances of the vertical elements to each other by lifting the cover element, the dimensions become simple Way reduced. So it is not necessary, the formwork core to disassemble.

In a preferred embodiment The coupling mechanism comprises a plurality of pivoting levers. At least one pivot lever is between a vertical element and a horizontal element arranged. Thus, the vertical elements with respect to the Horizontal elements are pivoted. The pivot lever is both hinged to the horizontal element as well as on the vertical element. For example, the pivot lever from a connector or a molding exist that between the two pivot points is attached to the vertical element or the horizontal element. advantageously, leaves one Move the vertical elements in such a way that the Movement has a rotary component. When moving a vertical Horizontal element to the outside be the edge portions adjacent to the moving horizontal element Vertical elements moved towards each other. The pivot lever leads so a rotary motion through. This can be at one of the bearing points take place the vertical element or on the horizontal element. Indeed is also a pivoting around another inside or outside the pivot lever (virtual) pivot point possible.

The by moving the horizontal element outwardly caused movement of the pivot lever leads to the fact that the moving horizontal element adjacent edge areas the two opposite Vertical elements are moved towards each other. The distance of these edges opposite margins remains unchanged. The vertical elements are therefore tilted inwards. The dumping the elements has the advantage that the vertical elements do not over the entire area be solved simultaneously from the concrete element concrete have to. Rather, it is a piecewise Solve by the pivoting or tilting of the vertical elements inward possible. The applied forces to separate the vertical elements from the concrete element are small. The risk of spalling due to the release of the vertical elements is reduced strong, so that the production of exposed concrete walls is reliably possible.

It is advantageous if at least the vertical elements of formwork panels are made. The weight of the formwork core is reduced the transport and handling of the formwork core facilitated. The end elements of the formwork core are as endplates educated; the side elements as side panels. The thickness of the Formwork panels is in proportion to their height and length low. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness to the height is <1%, so that the Thickness of the formwork panels at a vertical extension of the vertical element of 2.50 m is well below 2.5 cm. Thickness is the Dimension in the direction of the surface normal understood the formwork panel, ie the extension perpendicular to Height and Length of Blackboard. The horizontal elements are also preferred as formwork panels educated.

In a preferred embodiment the formwork panels are reinforced with a supporting structure. The Support structure closes panel-like reinforcing elements a, advantageously and particularly preferably as horizontal ribs and vertical ribs are formed. The ribs are each vertical to formwork board or to the inside. Let that way very rigid and torsion-resistant formwork elements However, their weight is significantly lower than a comparable rigid formwork element made of solid material.

The pivot lever of the coupling mechanism can be fastened to the supporting structure of the formwork panels of the vertical elements as well as the horizontal elements be. A panning of the Hori zontalelemente compared to the vertical elements is significantly simplified due to the relatively thin formwork panels. The construction of the coupling mechanism can thereby be quite simple. Nevertheless, an exact movement and positioning of the individual panels to each other is possible.

In a preferred embodiment have the vertical elements at their upper and lower edge regions each one edge, which is horizontal towards the adjacent horizontal element to extend. Preferably, the edge closes the vertical elements flush with the adjacent horizontal element, when the formwork core is arranged in its concreting position, So all elements are connected to each other such that a in the outer formwork introduced formwork core can be used for concreting.

Around the shrinkage process of the formwork core (reduction of the distances of the Vertical elements) is in a preferred embodiment of the formwork core comprises at least one corner element which is between two adjacent vertical elements is arranged and via a coupling element the two vertical elements coupled together. Between one Forehead element and a side member of the formwork core is thus a Coupling element arranged such that the end element with the Side element is coupled. The corner element is designed in such a way that a movement of the vertical elements inward, in particular a tilting of the vertical elements, is made possible. Furthermore the corner element is also movable inward and can be from the concrete precast concrete to be easily solved.

Prefers the corner element is designed as a corner panel and has at his Inside stiffening elements on. The reinforcing elements of the vertical elements, in particular, the horizontal ribs of the end elements and the side elements, overlap each other at the corner areas. They also overlap the stiffening part of the corner element. The coupling element of the corner element can be considered vertically extending guide bar be educated. In the stiffening elements and the reinforcing elements are corresponding leadership recesses arranged such that the guide rod through the guide recesses extends through. In this way, by the coupling element the corner elements guided by the adjacent vertical elements.

Preferably is the guide recess in the horizontally arranged stiffening elements of the corner element formed as a slot in which the coupling element are guided can. Particularly preferably, the stiffening element is wedge-shaped axisymmetric to the bisector of the corner element. The slot is then as well oriented in the direction of the axis bisector. The guide recess in the horizontal ribs of the vertical elements is preferably a Bore slightly larger than the guide rod is. In this way, with a tilting and movement of the vertical elements inside the corner element only then moves (inwards), if the Coupling element abuts the one end of the longitudinal groove and so on entrains the corner element.

at the removal of the formwork core from the outer formwork become the corner elements moved by the vertical elements. Therefore, at least is preferred a horizontal stiffening element of the corner element above a Horizontal rib of a vertical element arranged such that a Lifting the vertical elements causes a lifting of the corner element. When the cover element is raised, the vertical elements follow the tipping of the upper and already during later tipping the lower edge of the vertical movement upwards. The below the stiffening elements of the corner element arranged horizontal ribs support the Corner element such that the corner element follows the vertical elements. Their movement, however, is delayed by the coupling mechanism. The Corner elements therefore represent path-controlled elements that over the Movement path or movement path of the vertical elements are controlled, the is called, their movement is controlled by the movement of the vertical elements. While Shrinkage, the corner elements are caster-oriented, that is, they only move after the vertical elements have moved. When so-called spreading, so if the distance between the vertical elements is enlarged, the corner elements are lead-oriented.

The inventive formwork system with an outer formwork and one variable in its external dimensions Formwork core has a variety of advantages, from the to share with this formwork core resulting processes that from the resulting in this formwork core resulting operations of concreting. The formwork system according to the invention allows the production of monolithic concrete parts, in particular of Prefabricated concrete components that are over have a floor and one or more side panels. Due to the Moving the formwork core can the precast concrete parts are produced in installation position, that is in the Position, as later used in assembling a prefabricated concrete house become. This has advantages with regard to the resulting end product as well as the efficiency of production.

With regard to the production process, a significantly smaller space requirement results in comparison to manufacturing processes in which the precast concrete element is manufactured in reverse mounting position. A turning device for the component is not provided. The wage bill is also lower because no additional staff has to be used for the turning process. In the production results in a much lower error rate, for example, in the placement of built-in components, since there can be no side confusion, as is possible in upside down productions. The biggest advantage in the manufacturing process is that early removal work on the concrete part is possible. Directly after the shuttering process (partial heating / curing) can begin with the finishing work. It is not necessary to wait until the concrete part has completely hardened and the required strength for the turning process of the component is given. The production time of a finished precast concrete part is significantly reduced. The monolithic structure that can be produced with the formwork system according to the invention has the advantage that no assembly step is necessary in the production process, in which the concrete individual parts have to be assembled.

In With respect to the component to be manufactured can be with the formwork system according to the invention achieve the following advantages: Due to the monolithic nature The component requires fewer steel inserts for reinforcement. At the same time, a higher stability of the overall system. Expensive built-in parts for connecting different Elements, as required for example in prefabricated concrete construction are omitted. The monolithic texture of the concrete part reduces the effort for the finishing works, such as pipelines or cable strands. These can can be arranged and placed directly at the production, ie before inflow of concrete in the formwork system. A later connection is not necessary. Between the individual walls or the walls and the floor no joints and thus no leaks.

There can be dispensed with a turning of the component, because it already is made in installation position, no additional "turning reinforcements" and other load handling devices are required. The Production in installation position allows Therefore, a production of space and components in circulation.

During the Manufacturing process, the concrete element on a so-called Circulation pallet remain, from the concreting phase on until delivery. High levers are only at the end of the Production applied to the concrete part. That's why it's a lesser one Reinforcement necessary. The circulation pallet itself allows one earlier Stripping, as the release the formwork provides the required strength for the concrete and not the Lifting the concrete element on the bottom formwork and thus the at Lifting occurring compressive and tensile forces.

preferred embodiments are based on the attached Figures without restriction described in detail to the general public. The illustrated in the figures Features and special features can used individually and in combination to further preferred To provide embodiments of the subject invention. Show it:

1 to 5 a formwork system with an outer formwork and a formwork core for producing a precast concrete in each perspective view;

6a to 6d a schematic sectional drawing through the formwork system according to 2 before filling the concrete;

7 to 10 a sectional view through the precast concrete element with formwork core during removal of the formwork core;

11a to 11c a schematic detail view of a partially cut formwork core;

12a to 12d a detailed drawing of a corner of the formwork core during removal from the precast concrete part; and

13a to 13c different versions of a side element of the formwork core.

The inventive device will be exemplified in the production of a room module with side walls and a monolithic floor explained.

In 1 is a formwork system according to the invention 1 with an external formwork 2 and a formwork core 3 during the process of inserting the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2 to see. The outer formwork 2 has two longitudinal walls 4 , two end walls 5 and a formwork floor 6 on. The longitudinal walls 4 and the end walls 5 are through a supporting structure 7 reinforced, the horizontal ribs 8th and vertical ribs 9 includes.

The formwork core 3 includes two horizontal elements 10 that as ground 11 (not shown) and cover element 12 are formed. Four vertical elements 13 are as front elements 14 and page elements 15 educated. On the cover element 12 are several cross-beam traverses 16 arranged at which a not shown hoist the formwork core 3 lifts and moves.

For exact positioning of the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2 are at the cross-member crossbars 16 guide pins 17 provided in corresponding Positionieraufnahmen 18 in the longitudinal walls 4 be introduced. The formwork core 3 is with equidistant distance in the outer formwork 2 positioned.

At the corners of the formwork core 3 are four corner elements 19 arranged, each with a side element 15 and a front element 14 are coupled.

In 1 is the formwork core 3 shown in its transport position, in which the vertical elements 13 , the horizontal elements 10 and the corner elements 19 coupled together and connected via coupling mechanisms, not shown here. Nevertheless, the elements are not flush with each other, but are spaced apart.

2 shows the formwork system 1 with completely in the outer formwork 2 inserted formwork core 3 , The formwork core 3 is shown here in its concreting position, in which the corner elements 19 , the vertical elements 13 and the horizontal elements 10 abut each other, so that a flush, one-piece outer skin of the formwork core 3 results. The between the formwork core 3 and the outer formwork 2 formed cavity 20 is now filled in a next step with concrete, creating a trained as a room module precast concrete is made. The method for filling the cavity 20 is in EP 06 023 710 whose contents become the content of this application by referencing.

The cross-member crossbeams 16 rely on the outer formwork 2 from. As a result, the formwork core 3 held in his position. The formwork core 3 Floats practically in the outer formwork 2 so that the bottom of the formwork core 3 from the formwork floor 6 the outer formwork 2 is spaced. Additional spacer elements between the two floors can be provided; however, they are not essential.

If no spacer elements are used on the ground, then the formwork core must have within a mechanism, with which the two opposing horizontal elements can be moved against each other. The mechanics allow the distance to be reduced or spread so that the vertical elements of the formwork core 3 be spread or shrunk in accordance with the coupling mechanism.

3 shows the formwork core 3 is in its transport position when lifting out of the outer formwork 2 , After completion of the setting process of the precast concrete part of the formwork core 3 moved from its concreting position in the transport position, with its horizontal outer dimensions, ie the distances between the vertical elements 13 , are reduced.

In 3 is an example to recognize that in the cover element 12 of the formwork core 3 Openings are provided. Through these openings, the interior of the formwork core 3 accessible. It can be used, for example, in the space between the outer formwork 2 and formwork core 3 to fix or change in their position before filling the concrete arranged empty sockets for sockets or conduits again.

The completely removed formwork core 3 is in 4 shown. A room module 21 stays in the outer formwork 2 stand.

After removing the outer formwork 2 So after the dismantling of the longitudinal walls 4 and the end walls 5 , the room module remains 21 on the formwork floor 6 the outer formwork 2 stand, 5 , The room module 21 is in its installation position. Further work on the room module can now be made, although the concrete is not completely cured because no forces occur, in particular no levers or rotational forces, as they are necessary when turning the precast concrete in the manufacturing process in reverse mounting position. Both the formwork core 3 as well as the outer walls 4 . 5 the outer formwork 2 can now be used for the production of another precast concrete part. Only the formwork floor 6 is blocked by the new precast concrete part. On the formwork floor 6 However, the precast concrete part can be moved within the assembly hall in a position for machining and curing.

The manufacturing process of a precast concrete part and in particular the shrinkage of the formwork core 3 is determined by the 6 to 10 explained in more detail, the shuttering core 3 in schematic cross section and show more details.

In 6a is the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2 shown in its concreting position. The floor 11 of the formwork core 3 is on two supports 22 stored, so that between the formwork floor 6 and the floor 11 the desired distance can be generated. About the distance, the thickness of the bottom of the precast concrete element is adjustable.

Clearly visible in the 6a to 6d in that the vertical elements 13 in its upper edge area 23 and in its lower edge area 24 one edge piece each 25 respectively. 26 have, which extends in the horizontal direction. The verticalele mente 13 have a U-shaped contour in which the two legs are aligned horizontally.

On an inside 27 the vertical elements 13 are reinforcing elements 28 arranged as horizontal ribs 29 and vertical ribs 30 are formed. The horizontal ribs 29 or the vertical ribs 30 correspond to the horizontal ribs 8th or the vertical ribs 9 the outer formwork 2 ,

That as a page element 15 trained vertical element 13 is via a coupling mechanism 31 with the ground 11 or with the cover element 12 coupled. The coupling mechanism 31 includes a plurality of pivot levers 32 located at the top and bottom edge area 23 . 24 the page elements 15 with the vertical ribs 30 are rotatably connected. The swivel levers 32 have a first pivot bearing 33 with a first bearing axis 34 on top, with a reinforcing rib 30a a horizontal element 10 connected is. At a second pivot bearing 35 with a second bearing axis 36 is the pivot lever 32 to a vertical rib 30 a vertical element 13 stored.

The angle of an imaginary connecting line through the first pivot bearing 33 and the second pivot 35 to the horizontal is referred to as the orientation angle α or β. The orientation angle α defines the angular position of the pivot levers 32 on the ground 11 , the orientation angle β the angle of the pivot lever 32 on the cover element 12 are stored.

In the concreting position of the formwork core 3 the orientation angles α, β are the same. The two angles α and β are each relatively small, preferably the angles are between 1 ° and 5 °. In the 6c and 6d is a special embodiment of a pivot lever 32 shown. This pivoting lever 32 also has a stop pin 37 on, in the concreting position of the formwork core 3 against a vertical rib 30 of the vertical element 13 suppressed. Thus, the angle of rotation or swivel angle of the pivot lever 32 limited. A connecting rod 38 extends through the pivot lever 32 therethrough. Several parallel pivot levers 32 can be coupled with each other, cf. 11a , The torsional rigidity of the entire formwork core 3 will be raised.

During the shrinkage process of the formwork core 3 this is moved from its concreting position to its transport position. The 7a to 7d show the formwork core 3 at the beginning of the kinematic shrinkage process, after the cover element 12 something has been lifted by a hoist, not shown here. The formwork core 3 is located in the room module 21 , The swivel levers 32 on the cover element 12 are stored were by raising the cover element 12 pivoted, so that the orientation angle β is now significantly greater than the orientation angle α of the ground 11 mounted pivot lever 32 , At the same time, the two side elements tilt 15 inside, leaving the distances of the opposite upper edge areas 23 . 24 the page elements 15 be reduced. The page elements 15 are inclined inwards by the tilt angle γ.

As a result of the connection with the adhesion forces and the weight of the side elements 15 tear them in the upper edge area 23 from the room module 21 from. A V-shaped gap forms between the room module 21 and the vertical elements 13 ,

8th shows the formwork core 3 in a later process step, in which the cover element 12 has been moved further upwards. The two side elements 15 are now also moved up, so that the lower pivot lever 32 have executed a pivoting movement. The orientation angle α is now increased, but smaller than the orientation angle β. The inclination of the side elements 15 is reduced.

The 9a to 9d show the formwork core 3 upon further lifting of the cover element 12 , The orientation angle α of the lower pivot lever 32 corresponds to the orientation angle β of the upper pivot lever 32 , The pages elements 15 are aligned vertically. At the same time they were raised. The page elements 15 are completely from the room module 21 solved.

Thus, the formwork core 3 moved from its concreting position to its transport position. The so-called shrinking process is finished. The formwork core 3 can from the room module 21 to be taken upwards ( 10 ).

In case of inserting the formwork core 3 in the outer formwork 2 will the in the 6 to 10 go through the described procedure in reverse order. First, the ground sets 11 on the formwork floor 6 on. Then the side elements become 15 in the lower edge area 24 pushed outward, leaving the side elements 15 be inclined. Subsequently, the upper edge area 23 tilted outwards, leaving the side elements 15 are aligned straight and vertical until the cover element 12 moved so far down that all parts of the formwork core 3 are flush with each other.

However, the shrinkage process explained here in two-dimensional terms is a three-dimensional shrinkage process in which a collision of the vertical elements 13 must be avoided to each other. Due to the corner elements 19 This is possible because every corner element 19 from its geometric basic structure is a three-dimensional structure which extends at least functionally over all three axes of the dimensions. The corner element 19 has the task, resulting gaps from the necessary displacement paths of the page elements 15 , the forehead element 14 and the horizontal elements 10 to close for the "spread" concreting position. This is achieved by the corner element 19 while moving the formwork core 3 from the concreting position to the transport position and vice versa. In the context of the invention it has been found that the choice for a pre- or post-driven corner element 19 Depends on the installation position of the formwork core 3 and the geometric requirements for the precast concrete part. In the following, for example, a caster-controlled corner element 19 described. The lead-controlled corner element is constructed mechanically identical in a figurative sense.

The corner element 19 is in detail in the 11a to 11c shown. 11a shows the formwork core according to the invention 3 in a cutaway view, so that on the inside 27 arranged reinforcing elements 28 are clearly visible. The reinforcing elements 28 as horizontal ribs 29 and vertical ribs 30 are formed on all side walls as well as the floor 11 and the cover element, not shown here 12 available. The corner element 19 has on its inside horizontally extending stiffening elements 39 on. The corner element 19 is also designed as a corner table. The stiffening elements 39 have a substantially square base with an extending in the direction of the bisecting guide extension 40 , the guide recess 41 which also extends along the bisector. The stiffening elements 39 overlap with the horizontal ribs 29 the vertical elements 13 , In the overlapping part of the horizontal ribs 29 are leadership recesses 42 arranged with the guide recesses 41 correspond. A guide bar 43 extends through the guide recesses 41 . 42 such that the corner elements 19 from the vertical elements 13 be guided.

At least two stiffening elements 39 , one in the lower part and one in the upper part of the corner element 19 , In addition, two extending parallel to the vertical elements extending at 90 ° to each other arranged guide arms 44 on. The guide arms 44 support the guide rod 43 and interact with this. This will ensure that the corner elements 19 forward or caster-controlled with or from the vertical elements 13 to be moved.

The corner elements 19 have an upper and lower edge 45 which extends horizontally. The edge 45 is essentially wedge-shaped. He also has a guide recess 41 on, through which the guide rod 43 extends. The shape of the edge 45 corresponds to the shape of the edge pieces 25 . 26 the vertical elements, so that in the concreting position of the formwork core 3 a circumferential, flush edge of the formwork core is created. The edge pieces 25 . 26 have at their lateral ends in each case a chamfer, with the edge pieces 45 the corner elements correspond. The cover element 12 and the ground 11 are formed such that they are separated from the edge pieces 25 and 45 respectively. 26 and 45 be framed and complete flush with them in the concreting position.

The 12a to 12d show a detailed drawing of the corner element 19 when removing the formwork core 13 from a pre-concreted room module 21 ,

In the concreting position of the formwork core 3 close the corner elements 19 with the vertical elements 13 flush, 12a ,

Once the cover element 12 is slightly raised, move the vertical elements 13 inside and dissolve at the top 23 from the room module 21 , The vertical elements are lifted slightly, as in 12b clearly shown. The vertical elements 13 overlap with the corner element 19 so that the vertical elements 13 the corner elements 19 Undercut at the outer corners. Upon further lifting of the cover element 12 become the vertical elements 13 further moved upwards, after they are no longer tilted, but again vertically aligned. The corner elements 19 are also slightly raised in this movement step, since the horizontal ribs 29 under the stiffening elements 39 are arranged 12c , Lifting the vertical elements 13 thereby also causes a lifting of the corner element 19 , For even further lifting of the cover element 12 becomes the caster-controlled corner element 19 also moved inward and detached from the room module 21 completely off. The formwork core 3 is now freely movable in the room module 21 positioned and can be removed upwards, 12d ,

In the shrinkage process of the formwork core described here 3 , ie the transition from the concreting position to the transport position of the formwork core 3 , it has always been assumed that a hoist is the cover element 12 raises upwards. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that this does not apply to the lifting of the cover element 12 arrives, but on an enlargement of the Ab stands between the cover element 12 and the floor 11 , This increase in the distance can be accomplished, for example, by a Spreizkonstruktion that inside the formwork core 3 is arranged. This expansion construction may for example consist of Hydraulikstempeln. As the formwork core according to the invention 3 hollow inside and through openings in the lid 12 is walkable, such a construction can be arranged in the interior of the formwork core and possibly even be operated mechanically or manually by the operator inside the formwork core.

Next a lifting mechanism can be the pressing apart of the horizontal elements be caused by a push-pull member. Examples are spindles, Hydraulic cylinder or a pliers mechanism. In this case, the Spreading and shrinking independently of the lifting and lowering process of formwork body From the precast concrete or in the outer formwork possible.

In addition to the previously described, it is of course also possible to create a room module that consists only of walls and a ceiling. In this case, the ground can 11 of the formwork core 3 be moved down, for example by spreading the two horizontal elements opposite 10 , The formwork core 3 can then be moved out of the room module down, so that it is also possible to produce corresponding room modules with ceiling instead of floor. However, the principle of spreading and shrinking of the formwork core remains.

The 13a to 13c show different ways of designing the precast concrete, due to the construction of the formwork core according to the invention 3 result.

In 13a is a vertical element 13 represented on the outside of a textured plastic die 49 is applied. In the ready-mixed concrete part to be produced, a negative impression of the plastic matrix is produced. In addition to exposed concrete surfaces so structured surfaces can be created, for example, natural stone replica and / or slip-resistant floors or the like.

13b shows a vertical element 13 with a holder 46 for a window element 47 that is in the room module 21 should be poured firmly. In the space between the outer formwork 2 and formwork core 3 becomes a window element 47 brought in by the holder 46 is fixed. During the filling lens of the space between the outer formwork 2 and the formwork core 3 the concrete flows around the window element 47 around, so that a window-like recess or a breakthrough in the room module arises.

13c shows a vertical element 13 in a recess body 48 which is to be left in the precast concrete part. By the design of the recess body 48 can be almost any recesses in the prefabricated, for example, for recessed lights and mirrors, shelves and the like shape. This principle of the recess body can also be on the ground 11 apply, for example, to realize soil gradient in bathrooms. By means of a suitable recess body, for example, a shower tray can be molded directly into the floor in the area of the bathroom.

Claims (14)

Formwork system for concreting precast concrete elements and room modules, comprising an external formwork ( 2 ) and a formwork core ( 3 ), whereby the outer formwork ( 2 ) a formwork floor ( 6 ), two longitudinal walls ( 4 ) and two end walls ( 5 ) and the end walls ( 5 ) between the longitudinal walls ( 6 ) are arranged at their ends; the formwork core ( 3 ) for insertion into the outer formwork ( 2 ), and - a floor ( 11 ) formed horizontal element ( 10 ) and a cover element ( 12 ) formed horizontal element ( 10 ) and - two as end elements ( 14 ) formed vertical elements ( 13 ) and two as page elements ( 15 ) formed vertical elements ( 13 ), which are arranged such that a cuboid hollow interior is formed, and - a coupling mechanism ( 31 ), wherein - the end elements ( 14 ) and the page elements ( 15 ) each with the ground ( 11 ) and the cover element ( 12 ) are coupled and movably connected; and - the coupling mechanism ( 31 ) is designed such that a vertical movement of a horizontal element ( 10 ) to the outside a movement of the vertical elements ( 13 ) in the inward direction causes the distance between the opposing vertical elements ( 13 ) is reduced. Formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling mechanism ( 31 ) a plurality of pivot levers ( 32 ), wherein at least one pivoting lever ( 32 ) between a vertical element ( 13 ) and a horizontal element ( 10 ) is arranged. Formwork system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a vertical movement of a horizontal element ( 10 ) outwardly the movement of the vertical elements ( 13 ), which comprises a rotational component such that the first horizontal element ( 10 ) adjacent edge areas ( 23 ) of two opposing vertices elements ( 13 ) are moved towards each other while the distance to the second horizontal element ( 10 ) adjacent edge areas ( 24 ) of two opposing vertical elements ( 13 ) remains unchanged. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end elements ( 14 ) of the formwork core ( 3 ) as end panels of formwork panels and the side elements ( 15 ) of the formwork core ( 3 ) are also formed as side panels of formwork panels whose thickness is small in relation to their height and length, preferably in relation to the height <1%. Formwork system according to claim 4, characterized in that the formwork panels are reinforced with a supporting structure, preferably panel-like reinforcing elements ( 28 ), which particularly preferably as horizontal ribs ( 29 ) and vertical ribs ( 30 ) are formed. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end elements ( 14 ) and the page elements ( 15 ) one upper edge piece each ( 25 ) and a lower edge piece ( 26 ), which extend in the direction of the adjacent horizontal element ( 10 ) extend horizontally. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork core ( 3 ) at least one corner element ( 19 ), which between a front element ( 14 ) and a page element ( 15 ) and via a coupling element with the one end element ( 14 ) and the one page element ( 15 ) is coupled. Formwork system according to claim 7, characterized in that - the corner element ( 19 ) a corner panel with stiffening elements arranged on the inside ( 39 ), - the reinforcing elements ( 28 ) of the one Stirnelements ( 14 ) and one side element ( 15 ) with the reinforcing elements ( 28 ) overlap at least partially, - the coupling element is a vertically extending guide rod ( 43 ), and - in the stiffening elements ( 39 ) and the stiffening elements overlapping parts of the reinforcing elements ( 28 ) corresponding guide slots ( 41 . 42 ) are arranged; through which the guide rod ( 43 ). Formwork system according to claim 8, characterized in that the guide recess ( 41 ) in the horizontal stiffening elements ( 39 ) of the corner element ( 19 ) is a longitudinal groove in which the guide rod ( 43 ) of the corner element ( 19 ) to be led. Formwork system according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at least one horizontal stiffening element ( 39 ) of the corner element ( 19 ) above a horizontal rib ( 29 ) of the page element ( 15 ) and a horizontal rib ( 29 ) of the Stirnelements ( 14 ) is arranged such that during a vertical movement of the Stirnelements ( 14 ) and the page element ( 15 ) the corner element ( 19 ) is moved in the same direction. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outside of the side elements ( 15 ) and the end elements ( 14 ) is smooth. Formwork system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the outer sides of the end elements ( 14 ) and the page elements ( 15 ) an outwardly extending recess body ( 48 ) to a corresponding recess in the concrete part or room module to be concreted ( 21 ) to create. Method for removing a formwork core ( 3 ) from an outer formwork ( 2 ), in particular from an outer formwork ( 2 ) of a formwork system according to claims 1 to 12, wherein the outer formwork ( 2 ) a formwork floor ( 6 ), two longitudinal walls ( 4 ) and two end walls ( 5 ), and the formwork core ( 3 ) two opposing horizontal elements ( 10 ) and four vertical elements ( 13 ), so that the formwork core ( 3 ) has the shape of a cuboid, wherein the formwork core ( 3 ) a coupling mechanism ( 31 ) such that the vertical elements ( 13 ) with the horizontal elements ( 10 ) are movably coupled, comprising: moving vertically as a cover element ( 12 ) formed horizontal element ( 10 ), whereby by means of the coupling mechanism ( 31 ) the following steps are performed: - moving the vertical elements ( 13 ) such that the vertical elements ( 13 ) at the edge area ( 23 ) are tilted inwards, which the cover element ( 12 ) is adjacent; - moving the vertical elements ( 13 ) such that the vertical elements ( 13 ) on the cover element ( 12 ) opposite edge regions ( 24 ) are tilted inwards until the vertical elements ( 13 ) are aligned parallel, wherein during the second tilting movement, the vertical elements ( 13 ) in the direction of movement of the cover element ( 12 ) are moved; - moving the soil ( 11 ) in the direction of the cover element ( 12 ) by means of the vertical movement of the over the coupling mechanism ( 31 ) with the ground ( 11 ) coupled vertical elements ( 13 ); - complete removal of the formwork core ( 3 ) from the outer formwork ( 2 ). Method for inserting a formwork core ( 3 ) in an outer formwork ( 2 ), in particular in an outer formwork ( 2 ) of a formwork system according to claims 1 to 12, wherein the outer formwork ( 2 ) a formwork floor ( 6 ), two longitudinal walls ( 4 ) and two end walls ( 5 ), and the formwork core ( 3 ) two opposing horizontal elements ( 10 ) and four vertical elements ( 13 ), so that the formwork core ( 3 ) has the shape of a cuboid, wherein the formwork core ( 3 ) a coupling mechanism ( 31 ) such that the vertical elements ( 13 ) with the horizontal elements ( 10 ) are movably coupled, comprising: vertically moving the formwork core ( 3 ) down to one as ground ( 11 ) formed a horizontal element ( 10 ) rests on supports (16) resting on the formwork floor ( 6 ) of the outer formwork ( 2 ) are arranged, wherein the movement of the formwork core ( 3 ) by the movement of the cover element ( 12 ) formed horizontal element ( 10 ) is brought down, whereby by means of the coupling mechanism ( 31 ) the following steps are performed: - moving the vertical elements ( 13 ) such that the vertical elements ( 13 ) on the cover element ( 12 ) opposite edge regions ( 24 ) are tilted outwards, wherein during the tilting movement, the vertical elements ( 13 ) in the direction of movement of the cover element ( 12 ) until they are flush with the ground ( 11 ) to lock; - moving the vertical elements ( 13 ) such that the vertical elements ( 13 ) at the edge area ( 23 ), the cover element ( 12 ) is tilted outwards until the vertical elements ( 13 ) are aligned in parallel; - moving the cover element ( 12 ) down to the vertical elements ( 13 ) terminates flush, whereby the formwork core ( 3 ) completely spread.