EP2136977B1 - Battery mould for the vertical production of flat prefabricated concrete parts - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery formwork for the vertical manufacturing of planar precast concrete parts comprising two outer formworks, which are located diametrically opposite and at least one of which is movable, and an inner formwork, which is located between the outer formworks. The inner formwork has at least two side supports, which laterally delimit the concrete part to be manufactured. A floor support of the inner formwork is fixed in its location and delimits the concrete part to be manufactured on the bottom. The floor support is used as the lower reference point for the manufacturing of the precast concrete part. The battery formwork has a horizontally extending height support, which is vertically changeable in its position and which delimits the precast concrete part to be manufactured on top.

Description

The present invention relates to a battery mold for the vertical production of two-dimensional precast concrete elements comprising two opposing outer formwork, of which at least one is movable, and an inner formwork, which is arranged between the outer formworks.

To produce precast concrete parts, especially concrete walls, in the installed position, it is known to use so-called battery molds. Battery molds enable a space-saving production of concrete walls. In addition, it is one of the few ways to produce precast concrete parts, both of which have facing surfaces of exposed concrete quality.

The US 5,520,531 describes a battery mold for the production of precast concrete parts, in which a fixed vertical formwork part is present, to which a second vertical formwork part can be moved up to adjust the thickness of the molded part to be produced.

In the known battery molds is in a predetermined outer formwork with a height corresponding to the maximum height of the precast concrete to be manufactured, an inner formwork with two formwork areas which are separated by a formwork panel arranged. As a rule, the outer formworks can be pivoted about an axis in such a way that the inner formwork can be removed with the finished prefabricated concrete elements. The document DE 20 01 825 A1 shows such a battery mold for the production of large-scale, plate-shaped precast concrete parts, which has a vertically standing formwork part and a horizontally pivotable formwork part. As a result, after finishing the molding, a simple, vertical removal take place. The formwork has a height adjustable Bodenabsteller, so that moldings can be made, the height of which is less than the height of the formwork parts.

A disadvantage of such battery molds is that the prefabricated concrete part to be manufactured is constructed from the upper edge of the battery mold. The liquid concrete is poured from above into the battery mold between the inner formwork and filled the outer formwork. If self-compacting concrete (SVB) is used, it is slowly filled in and compacted by itself. Normal concrete is filled in layers and compacted. The last layer, which extends to the upper edge of the battery mold, is removed with a mechanical puller, so that an upper end side is created.

If prefabricated concrete parts are produced whose height does not correspond to the height of the battery mold, the height of the concrete part to be manufactured must be measured from the top edge of the external formwork and a variable floor box installed at the appropriate place. To this end, scaffolding constructions must be introduced between the inner formwork and the outer formwork, so that the Bodenabsteller is brought to the appropriate position and fixed there. Alternatively, the floor box can be attached to the outer or inner formwork with a magnet. For filling the thus reduced formwork, the concrete is again filled to the top. In the case of a battery formwork with a height of 3 m or 4 m and when producing a precast concrete element with a height of, for example, 1 m, work must continue in the maximum height of the battery mold. On the outside of the battery mold, a scaffold is mounted on which assembly workers monitor the filling of the concrete or manually produce the upper end face. The construction of differently high Bodenabstellern and the structure of scaffolding outside the battery mold are complex. Working at the appropriate height of 3 m or 4 m carries great dangers.

Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a battery formwork, with the flat precast concrete elements can be made in a simple manner, the height of which does not correspond to the height of the battery mold.

The present object is achieved with the battery mold with the features of claim 1. The object is also achieved by a method having the features according to claim 12. The related subclaims relate to advantageous, not self-evident developments of the invention.

The battery mold according to the invention for the vertical production of two-dimensional precast concrete elements comprises two opposing outer formwork, of which at least one is movable. Preferably, both outer formworks are movable so that the intermediate space between them can be reduced and enlarged. An internal formwork, which is part of the battery formwork, can be arranged between the outer formworks. In particular, it is pushed between the outer formworks. The inner formwork has at least two Seitenabsteller, which represent the measure of the precast concrete to be manufactured. They therefore limit the finished concrete part on the sides. The inner formwork has at least one Bodenabsteller, which is fixed in its position, in particular in its vertical position. The ground stand limits the concrete part to be manufactured downwards. It is considered as the lower vertical reference point in the manufacture of a precast concrete part. The battery formwork also has a horizontally extending height stop, which is vertically adjustable in its position and determines the distance from the Bodenabsteller the height of the precast concrete to be manufactured.

An advantage of the battery formwork according to the invention is that the Bodenabsteller is fixed in its position. It is considered a reference point for production. Only the height stop is adjusted in height. Thus, the precast concrete part is always built from below. Working on the upper edge of the outer formwork, as necessary in formwork of the prior art, is eliminated. This is used in the manufacture of precast concrete with low height near the ground. It is not necessary to attach scaffolding to the battery formwork in order to work at the upper reference point, ie at the upper edge of the battery mold, even with only a few high precast concrete elements.

Preferably, in the outer formwork above the Bodenabstellers the inner formwork, ie in the bottom area, at least one inlet for concrete supply provided. Through the inlet flowable concrete can be introduced into the battery mold. Preferably, the concrete is pumped into the battery mold. Such a method is in the EP 1 923 185 described in detail. The content of the EP application is incorporated by reference into the content of the present application.

Preferably, at least one inlet is provided on each of the outer formworks. Particularly preferably, a plurality of inlets are arranged distributed along the outer formwork. It is also possible to arrange several inlets at different heights. However, this is usually not necessary. If a plurality of inlets are arranged next to each other, then several different parts can be produced within the battery mold, in particular if a sideguard is provided in the battery mold between the inlets and if the height switch is replaced by a plurality of divided short height stands. Only the thickness of the individual parts must always be the same.

In a particular embodiment, the height adjustment is arranged on the outer formwork. This has the advantage that it can be fixed and moved with a simple construction. Preferably, the height stop is moved by machine. In addition to an automatic movement, a semi-automatic movement is conceivable. For example, it can be set in advance, to which height the elevator is to move. An intervention or an adjustment by hand by the operating personnel during the manufacturing process of a precast concrete part is then not necessary. The operation or the adjustment of the height adjustment can be done programmatically and automatically.

The mechanical adjustment of the Höhenabstellers can be realized by a motor or gear operated by servomotors spindles or the like. Particularly preferred is a hydraulic adjustment of the Höhenabstellers in the desired position.

In addition to the automatic, preferably automated setting of the height adjuster, it can also be manually changed in its position in a likewise preferred embodiment. It is particularly preferred that it is moved by hand and fixed in position by means of magnets. For this it is necessary that the outer formwork consists of steel, which is usually given is. Alternatively, the height adjustment can be arranged on the inner formwork, since this is also made of metal.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer formworks are translationally movable. At least one of the outer formworks is moved in each case. Preferably, both outer formworks are moved parallel to each other. This makes it possible to produce any width precast concrete, as always on the same height between the outer formwork and the inner formwork is given. Particularly preferably, the translational movement is effected by means of a hydraulic drive. Several hydraulic arms can be used to ensure an exact and parallel displacement of the outer formwork. The number of hydraulic arms used is dependent on the dimensions of the outer formwork, in particular the length.

With such a battery mold in which the outer formwork is moved translationally, instead of the inner formwork, a bottom formwork can also be arranged between the two outer formworks and a displacement body or shrink core can be positioned above the bottom formwork. As a result, with the battery mold according to the invention then also one-piece room modules with two walls and a bottom part can be produced, which have a monolithic structure.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer formwork has a formwork panel reinforced by horizontal and vertical reinforcement ribs. The formwork panel can thus be relatively thin and still apply the appropriate forces that are necessary to withstand the delivery pressure when pumping concrete into the battery mold. In a preferred embodiment, however, the shuttering board is bendable perpendicular to its surface normal. The formwork panel is therefore deflected over its entire measurement by a few millimeters or centimeters in the direction of the surface normal. This has advantages, especially when stripping. When finished, the finished concrete part will detach from the flexible outer formwork and remain on the inner formwork due to the adhesion forces that have occurred. The precast concrete parts can be fixed or clipped to the inner formwork, to be kept in position for further transport within the manufacturing process or for further processing.

Particularly preferably, the two outer formworks are clamped together during manufacture of the precast concrete part such that the otherwise flexible formwork panel of the outer formwork is rigid in the clamped state perpendicular to the surface normal. This is necessary so that precast concrete parts can be made in a uniform thickness. The bracing of the two outer formwork against each other can be effected for example by hydraulic rams that pull the two outer formations to each other.

In the vertical production of flat precast concrete parts a battery mold according to the invention is used, which has two opposite outer molds and an inner formwork. The inner formwork has a fixed ground stand and at least two Seitenabsteller. The side shelves, which are side panel parts, are placed at the desired lateral position on the inner formwork. The position of each Seitenabsteller or their distance relative to each other depends on the concrete part to be produced. The side shelves are arranged such that they are flush with the bottom shelf, in particular arranged perpendicular to the bottom shelf to produce rectangular concrete elements. Another arrangement of Seitenabsteller is also conceivable.

The thus prepared inner formwork with the positioned Seitenabstellern is disposed between the two outer formworks. The outer formworks are spaced from the inner formwork. In the next step, a vertically extending height stop is placed in the desired vertical position relative to the bottom shelf of the inner formwork. The vertical distance between the bottom shelf of the inner formwork and the height stop corresponds to the height of the concrete part to be manufactured. Preferably, the height adjustment is arranged on the outer formwork and can be moved here in the desired position.

In the next step, the outer molds are moved towards the inner formwork in such a way that they touch the inner formwork at the Seitenabstellern. The depth of the sideguards corresponds to the depth of the heights. This creates a closed cavity, which is bounded by the inner formwork, the outer formwork, the Bodenabsteller, the two Seitenabstellern and the elevator. The cavity has dimensions and shape of the precast concrete part to be produced.

The outer formworks are now fixed in their position. For this purpose, they are preferably braced against each other so that they are rigid. The outer formwork itself does not give way, so that precast concrete parts can be produced, which have the desired contour.

In a further step, a filling system is connected to inlets of the outer formwork. The inlets are arranged in the bottom region of the outer formwork such that they are located above the Bodenabstellers the inner formwork. Arrangement and size of the inlets depend on the contour of the prefabricated concrete part to be produced. As a rule, one single inlet per finished precast element to be produced suffices. At the inlet, a filling connection is preferably arranged, as it is for example in the DE 10 2006 053 552 is described in detail.

The battery mold is now filled from below until it is completely filled. Preferably, the filling is realized by a pressure filling. Such a procedure is in the EP 1 923 185 described. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention side shelves are used, which have guide openings. The outer formwork has guide pins corresponding to the guide openings, which project into the guide openings when the outer formwork is pushed against the inner formwork. As a result, on the one hand, the position of the side shelves is fixed again. On the other hand, the side stop is additionally stabilized, in particular against the pressure exerted by the filled concrete transverse pressure.

In a further embodiment of the method fixations are achieved after filling the battery mold and the curing of the concrete, with which the two outer formworks are braced. The external formwork, in particular its formwork panel, becomes pliable. The outer formwork can move a few millimeters in the direction of its surface normal. In the next step, the outer formwork is detached from the precast concrete part. The bending behavior of the external formwork supports the detachment of the precast concrete element. This ensures that the precast concrete part only dissolves from the outer formwork, but not from the inner formwork. Subsequently, the outer formwork is moved outwards, so that the outer formwork is completely removed from the precast concrete part. Alternatively and / or additionally, the height adjustment can be moved upwards before further moving away the outer formwork. This ensures that the upper face of the precast concrete part is not damaged when triggered. The triggering process is simplified.

In a further step, the inner formwork between the two outer formwork is moved out. The precast concrete element is positioned on the inner formwork. Preferably, the precast concrete part is partially attached to the inner formwork, for example by brackets that operate on the principle of a screw clamp. The precast concrete element can now be moved on the internal formwork inside the assembly hall without the risk of the precast concrete element falling from the internal formwork and tipping over.

In a further step, the precast concrete part is then switched off and / or reworked in a further processing step.

Figur 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Batterieschalung;

Figur 2

eine Seitenansicht der Batterieschalung aus Figur 1.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. The features set forth herein may be used alone or in combination to provide preferred embodiments of the invention. The described embodiment does not limit the generality of the subject matter defined in the claims.

FIG. 1

a perspective view of a battery mold;

FIG. 2

a side view of the battery mold FIG. 1 ,

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a battery mold according to the invention 1, the two outer formworks 2 and an inner formwork 3 comprises. The second outer formwork 2 is in FIG. 1 not shown due to the perspective; in FIG. 2 However, both outer shells 2 are clearly visible.

The outer formwork 2 is mounted on a substructure designed as a pedestal 4 and can be moved translationally in a spatial direction. The inner formwork 3 is moved perpendicular to the outer formwork 2 and mounted on a roller system 5. So it can be easily pushed between the two outer formworks.

The inner formwork 3 comprises a Bodenabsteller 6, which is aligned horizontally. An inner panel 7 extends in the vertical direction and forms a right angle with the Bodenabsteller 6. The inner formwork 3 is constructed mirror-symmetrically, wherein the inner panel 7 forms the mirror axis. On both sides of the inner panel 7 each one precast concrete part can be positioned and manufactured. Thus, the two tops of the inner panel 7 form the shuttering limit for the precast concrete part.

On the front side 8 of the inner panel shown here, a side stop 10, which extends vertically, is arranged in the outer area 9. The Seitenabsteller 10 has guide openings 11 which are arranged at an equidistant distance. However, they can also be positioned at different distances from each other. Guide pins not shown extend into the guide openings 11, so that when the battery mold 1 is assembled, the outer formwork 2 engages with its guide pins in the guide openings 11 and thus stabilizes the side stop 10.

The Seitenabsteller 10 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 12, which also extends vertically. As a result, a particularly simple opening of the Seitenabstellers 10 allows, so that the shuttering of the manufactured precast concrete is simplified.

The outer formwork 2 has on its outer side reinforcing ribs 13 which extend horizontally and vertically. The outer formwork 2 has a formwork panel 14, which is directed to the inner formwork 3. On the formwork panel 14, the reinforcing ribs 13 are attached. The formwork panel 14 itself is bendable, i. it can be deformed over its entire length by a few millimeters in the direction of the inner formwork.

Out FIG. 2 It can be clearly seen that the bottom shelf 6 of the inner formwork 3 is fixed in its height. He does not change. Thus, the Bodenabsteller 6 is the reference point for building and for determining the height of a precast concrete to be manufactured. Each concrete part to be produced is aligned with the Bodenabsteller 6.

FIG. 2 shows a special feature with a not completely symmetrical inner formwork 3. The left formwork space 15 has a greater width than the right formwork space 16. This is realized by the two different width Seitenabsteller 10a, 10b. Accordingly, the two height adjustment 17a, 17b must have a different width. Their width is adapted to the width of the Seitenabsteller 10 a, 10 b. In this way, two differently wide precast concrete parts can be produced in a manufacturing process. This makes the manufacturing process particularly economical. The position of the inner formwork 3 in the X direction is determined by the roller system 5. Accordingly, the two outer formworks 2a, 2b must be moved differently depending on the Seitenabsteller 10a, 10b. Since the two outer formworks 2a, 2b can be moved independently, this is not a problem.

Out FIG. 2 It can clearly be seen that the height-stop 17a is a machine-operated height stop. It is moved by a hydraulic positioning unit 18 and fixed in its desired position. The position of the vertical elevator 17a in the vertical direction can also be set automatically, in that the position can be stored in a control program. The vertical position of the Höhenabstellers 17a is calculated from the reference point, ie from the Bodenabsteller 6.

The height stops 17a, 17b are each arranged on the outer formwork 2, so that they are moved with the outer formworks 2a, 2b. The height stop 17b on the right outer formwork 2b is a manually adjustable height stop. He is fixed by a magnet by hand on the formwork panel 14 of the outer formwork 2b.

In FIG. 2 the battery mold 1 is shown in the pushed-together state. In order to stiffen the bending-soft formwork panel 14 of the outer formworks 2a, 2b, the two outer formworks 2a, 2b are clamped together by a tensioning device 19. The tensioning device 19 is hydraulically driven and comprises a hydraulic ram. In the lower part of the outer formwork 2, the formworks with the pedestal 4 are fixed during the concreting process in such a way that they are held in their position by a preferably likewise hydraulically driven traversing device 20, which is only schematically indicated here.

After the two outer formworks 2 parallel to their production position, as in Fig. 2 shown, the formwork spaces 15, 16 can be filled through an inlet 21 in each outer formwork 2a, 2b. The inlet 21 is in each case arranged in the lower region of the formwork spaces 15, 16. The flowable concrete is then filled through the inlet, to which a filling connection is preferably attached. Such inlet 21 is shown schematically in FIG Fig. 1 indicated in the outer formwork 2a.

Claims (13)

1. Battery formwork for the vertical manufacturing of planar precast concrete parts, comprising

   - two outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b), which are located diametrically opposite and at least one of which is movable,

   - an inner formwork (3), which is located between the outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b) and has at least two side supports (10, 10a, 10b), which laterally delimit the concrete part to be manufactured,

   characterized in that

   - the inner formwork (3) has a floor support (6), which is fixed in its location and delimits the precast concrete part to be manufactured on the bottom, the floor support (6) being used as a lower vertical reference point for the manufacturing of the concrete part, and

   - the battery formwork (1) has a horizontally extending height support (17a, 17b), which is vertically changeable in its position and which delimits the precast concrete part to be manufactured on top.
2. Battery formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the height support (17a) is located on the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b).
3. Battery formwork according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the height support (17a, 17b) is mechanically movable, and is preferably movable automatically or semiautomatically.
4. Battery formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that the height support (17a, 17b) is hydraulically movable.
5. Battery formwork according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the height support (17a, 17b) is manually changeable in its position.
6. Battery formwork according to claim 5, characterized in that the height support (17a, 17b) is fixed in its position by means of magnets.
7. Battery formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b) is moved translationally, wherein the translational movement is preferably caused by means of a hydraulic drive.
8. Battery formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b), in a floor area or above the floor support (6) of the inner formwork (3), comprises at least one inlet (21) for the concrete supply, flowable concrete is supplied into the battery formwork (1) through the at least one inlet (21).
9. Battery formwork according to claim 8, characterized in that multiple inlets (21) are located distributed along the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b).
10. Battery formwork according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b) includes a formwork panel (1A), which is reinforced by a horizontal and vertical reinforcement ribs (13) and is flexible perpendicular to the surface normal.
11. Battery formwork according to Claim 10, characterized in that the two outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b) are clamped to one another during the manufacturing of the precast concrete part in such a manner that the formwork panel (14) of the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b) is rigid perpendicular to the surface normal.
12. Method for the vertical manufacturing of planar precast concrete parts, in particular using a battery formwork (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps:

    - providing a battery formwork (1) having two outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b) located diametrically opposite and an inner formwork (3) having a floor support (6) and at least two side supports (10, 10a, 10b);

    - positioning the side supports (10, 10a, 10b) on the inner formwork (3);

    - positioning the inner formwork (3) between the outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b);

    - positioning a height support (17a, 17b) in the desired vertical position relative to the floor support (6) of the inner formwork (3) in such a manner that the vertical distance between the floor support (6) and the height support (97a, 97b) corresponds to the height of the precast concrete part to be manufactured;

    - moving the outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b) toward the inner formwork (3) until they contact the inner formwork (3);

    - fixing the outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b) in their position, preferably by mutual clamping, in such a manner that the outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b) are rigid;

    - attaching a filling system to inlets (21) of the outer formworks (2, 2a, 2b), which are located in a floor area or above the floor support (6) of the inner formwork (3);

    - filling the battery formwork (1) from below, preferably by pressure filling, until the battery formwork (1) is completely filled.
13. Method according to claim 12, characterized by the following steps:

    - detaching the fixing, preferably the clamping, of the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b), whereby the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b) becomes flexible;

    - detaching the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b) from the precast concrete part;

    - moving the outer formwork (2, 2a, 2b) outwardly;

    - removing the inner formwork (3) having the precast concrete part;

    - stripping and/or further processing of the precast concrete part.

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