EP0148363B1 - Method to manufacture a building staircase or a staircase element, shuttering for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Method to manufacture a building staircase or a staircase element, shuttering for carrying out this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148363B1
EP0148363B1 EP84113463A EP84113463A EP0148363B1 EP 0148363 B1 EP0148363 B1 EP 0148363B1 EP 84113463 A EP84113463 A EP 84113463A EP 84113463 A EP84113463 A EP 84113463A EP 0148363 B1 EP0148363 B1 EP 0148363B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
formwork
stairs
flight
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84113463A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0148363A1 (en
Inventor
Benno Domesle
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT84113463T priority Critical patent/ATE33280T1/en
Publication of EP0148363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148363A1/en
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Publication of EP0148363B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148363B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/22Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units
    • B28B7/225Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units for making stairs or stair units comprising more than one step
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
    • E04G13/06Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
    • E04G13/06Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall
    • E04G13/062Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall for stairs or steps
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F2011/0203Miscellaneous features of stairways not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2011/0205Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads
    • E04F2011/021Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass
    • E04F2011/0212Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass mainly of concrete
    • E04F2011/0214Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass mainly of concrete cast in situ

Definitions

  • the invention initially relates to a method for producing a staircase element with at least one U-shaped or arched staircase made of concrete and with an outer boundary wall of the staircase element that at least partially surrounds the outer circumference of the staircase and extends in the direction of the stairs, the ( Boundary wall) is also made of concrete, extends from the lower edge to the upper edge of the stairwell element and forms a self-supporting unit with the U or arch staircase. Furthermore, the invention relates to a formwork for producing a staircase element.
  • U-shaped or arched stairs are to be understood in the sense of the invention, in particular, pedestal stairs and spiral stairs of the most varied design, the outer boundary wall at least partially surrounding the stairs also being able to be designed differently according to the outer circumference of the stairs.
  • this outer boundary wall is composed of a plurality of wall sections running perpendicular to one another, or is also partially curved in the case of an at least partially curved outer circumference.
  • a stair element In order to simplify the manufacture of stairs, a stair element has already been proposed (AU-B-25 458/77), which also consists of a U-shaped or pedestal staircase made of concrete as well as an outer boundary wall surrounding the stairs and running in the direction of the stairs Concrete is made, which however only forms a handrail surrounding the stairs.
  • a staircase element (FR-A-13 45 774) is also known, in which the outer boundary wall extends from the lower edge to the upper edge of the staircase element and forms a self-supporting staircase element together with the staircase, so that the stacking of several such staircase elements creates a multi-storey staircase is possible.
  • a formwork for producing a stair element (GB-A-1 1 221 973), which consists of two stair sections forming a platform stair, a stair landing connecting these stair sections and a vertical wall arranged between the stair sections.
  • this known formwork has a plurality of molding spaces, each delimited by formwork surfaces, namely a first molding space for the top, which is open at the top and delimited at the bottom by a plate-shaped formwork part and on the circumference by a formwork wall Wall, two second molding spaces for the stair sections, one of which is provided below and the other above the first molding space, and a further molding space for the landing that extends above and below the first molding space.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which it is possible to produce a stairwell element of the type mentioned particularly efficiently.
  • the method is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that the staircase is manufactured together with the boundary wall in one casting in a single formwork.
  • a self-supporting staircase element is produced in a single operation, which can also serve, in particular, by stacking several such elements to create a multi-storey staircase, which makes a decisive contribution to rationalization.
  • the object of the invention is also to show a formwork which is particularly advantageously suitable for producing a staircase element which consists of a multitude of steps U-shaped or arched staircase made of concrete and of a staircase at least partially enclosing the outer circumference of the staircase in the slope direction of the stairs running outer boundary wall, which is also made of concrete and extends from the lower edge to the upper edge of the stairwell element.
  • This formwork is designed according to claim 2.
  • the formwork according to the invention is formed from prefabricated, partially detachable parts which are connected to one another and can be reused practically indefinitely, so that it enables particularly efficient production of staircase elements in one casting.
  • a staircase element 1 is shown, which can be used as a prefabricated concrete part in the form shown as a building staircase for connecting two building levels, or which can be combined by stacking several similar staircase elements to form a staircase for a multi-storey building.
  • the staircase element 1 consists of a total of three concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, which are integrally connected to one another and abut one another vertically, and which after the installation or installation of the staircase element 1 in a building with their vertical direction running and with the vertically extending corners between the concrete walls 2-4 form a U-shaped circumferential or boundary warid for the staircase.
  • Each concrete wall 2-4 has a lower edge 2 ', 3' or 4 'and an upper edge 2 ", 3" or 4 ", the stair construction element 1 having the lower edges 2', 3 'and 4 in the installed state "stands on a foundation, while further walls or ceilings of the building can be connected to the upper edges.
  • staircase element 1 is used in the above-mentioned manner together with several similar staircase elements to create a staircase for a multi-storey building, there are two staircase elements in each case 1 such that the upper staircase element 1 with the lower edges 2 ', 3' and 4 'stands on the upper edges 2 ", 3" and 4 "of the lower staircase element 1, so that the concrete walls 2, 3 and Continue 4 of the lower staircase element in the corresponding concrete walls of the upper staircase element.
  • two or more staircase elements 1 arranged one above the other are produced in one piece with one another at least in the area of their concrete walls 2, 3 and 4.
  • a staircase 5 is arranged, which in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 has the shape of a single-flight, half-turn staircase.
  • the staircase 5 is made in one piece with the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, preferably in such a way that the staircase together with the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 is cast in one piece or in one work step from concrete, i.e. the stairs 5 merges seamlessly into the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 at their outer edge 5 '.
  • the staircase 5 has a helically shaped lower surface or underside 6 and an upper side, which has a plurality of stair steps 7, each with a surface 8 forming the stair surface, essentially perpendicular to the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, and a surface running perpendicular to it. surface determining the stair height 9.
  • the stairs 5 rise in the direction of arrow D from bottom to top, i.e. the step 7A in FIG. 1 corresponds to the lowest level of the stairs 5 or the beginning of the stairs and the step 7E corresponds to the top level or the end of the stairs 5.
  • a so-called stairway eye 10 is provided, ie a space free of concrete material.
  • this stairway eye 10 it is also possible for this stairway eye 10 to be wholly or partially occupied by a columnar or wall-shaped element. which extends in the vertical direction when the staircase element 1 is set up or installed and also delimits the inside of the staircase 5 ′′.
  • This column-like or wall-like element is then preferably also made in one piece with the staircase 5.
  • the formwork 11 shown in FIGS. 4-10 is used to produce the staircase element shown in FIGS. 1-3 in a single casting.
  • This formwork consists of a lower support frame 12, which in the embodiment shown has four to a rectangular frame welded double-T beams 13 and 14 is formed, the relatively wide legs 15 having beams 13 and 14 are arranged so that they form with their lower legs 15 each standing on a horizontal footprint underside of the support frame 12, while the upper leg 15 of the beams 13 and 14 with its upper side form a frame-like horizontal surface which partly serves as a surface for the lower edges 2 ', 3' and 4 'of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4.
  • the formwork 11 also consists of an outer formwork for the outer surface of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, this outer formwork being composed of three formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 which are perpendicular to one another with their surfaces and perpendicular to the surface formed by the support frame 12 .
  • Each formwork wall 16, 17 and 18 stands with its lower edge on a leg 15 of the beams 13 and 14, in the area of the outer longitudinal edge of the support frame 12, and in the embodiment shown is also parallel to one another in the area of the lower edge horizontal axis extending to the respective formwork wall plane is pivotably articulated on the supporting frame 12, so that each formwork wall 16, 17 and 18 can be pivoted to the side or into an inclined position or horizontal position according to the arrows E from the vertical position shown in the figures.
  • a plurality of support arms 19 are fastened to the outside of each formwork wall 16, 17 and 18, which extend below the lower edge of the respective formwork wall and are articulated at the end there to a bearing arm 20 projecting outwards from the support arm 12.
  • the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 are held in their vertical position by spindles or struts 21.
  • the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 are still tightly connected to each other at their vertical joints by removable or detachable angle pieces 22.
  • the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 form a U-shaped structure in accordance with the course of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, the opposite legs of which are determined by the formwork walls 16 and 18 and the yoke piece by the formwork wall 17.
  • the outer formwork also has a rectangular, vertical frame 23 which is formed by four strips or beams and adjoins the formwork walls 16 and 18 on its vertical side edge facing away from the formwork wall 17.
  • the vertical strips 24 of the frame 23 form formwork surfaces perpendicular to the formwork walls 16 and 18 for the front end edges 2 "'and 4"' of the concrete walls 2 and 4.
  • the horizontal strips 25 formwork surfaces for the surface 9 of the first step 7 at the beginning of the stairs 7A or for the rear surface 9 "of the last step 7 at the end of the stairs 7E.
  • the frame 23 is held detachably on the support frame 12 and connected to the formwork walls 16 and 18 by detachable angle pieces 26.
  • the formwork 11 also consists of an inner formwork, which is basically composed of the first or lower inner formwork part 27 in FIGS. 4 to 10 and the second or upper inner formwork part 28 in FIGS. 4 to 10.
  • the inner formwork part 27 consists essentially of an outer formwork wall 29, which serves to shape the inner surfaces of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 below the stairs 5 and the course of these concrete walls corresponding to three wall sections running perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the surface of the support frame 12 the height of the formwork wall 29, which is of course arranged at a distance from the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 corresponding to the thickness for the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, from the end of the formwork wall 16 remote from the formwork wall 17 to the corresponding end the formwork wall 18 increases.
  • the inner formwork part 27 has an inner wall 30 which has an approximately U-shaped course to the course of the inner edge 5 "of the stairs 5, and whose height increases in the same direction as the formwork wall 29.
  • a screw-like formwork wall 31 connecting the edge of the wall 30 results in a structure with a U-shaped cross-section, tunnel-like structure and a turn of 180 ° with increasing height for the inner formwork part 27.
  • the inner formwork part 27 is formed in two parts, ie it consists of the sections 27'and27 ", the parting plane T1 between these two sections, which (at the parting level) of course also the formwork walls 29 and 31 and the wall 30 in two corresponding sections, each releasably connected to one another divided, the outer formwork in the area of cut between the formwork walls 17 and 18 and form an acute angle, for example an angle of 50 °, with the formwork wall 18 or with the section of the formwork wall 29 running parallel to this formwork wall.
  • the section 27 'in the illustrated embodiment is firmly connected to the support frame 12, while the section 27 "in particular also after the formwork walls 29 and 31 and the wall 30 have been separated in the region of the part level T1 for demoulding the staircase element 1 can be pulled out of the formwork, first by moving in the direction of arrow F, ie parallel to the parting plane T1, which increases the distance between the formwork wall 29 and the formwork wall 18 and then by a movement in the direction of arrow G.
  • the formwork wall 29 of this section it is necessary for the formwork wall 29 of this section to tip at the parting plane T1 at the end that follows when it is removed or removed Includes angle.
  • the formwork walls 29 and 31 and the wall 30 are each made of sheet steel, for example, a plurality of support frames 32 made of profiled iron providing the necessary strength.
  • the upper inner formwork part 28 consists of an outer formwork wall 33, which serves to form the inner surface of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 above the stairs 5 and which extends with its upper edge to approximately the upper edge of the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18. It goes without saying that the formwork wall 33 in turn has a distance from the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 which corresponds to the desired thickness for the concrete walls.
  • the formwork wall 33 again consists of three areas that run perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the horizontal plane formed by the support frame 12.
  • the lower edge of the formwork wall 33 forms a stair line corresponding to the steps 7 of the staircase element 1, specifically in the form that the distance of the lower edge of the formwork wall 33 from the upper edge of this formwork wall from the vertical longitudinal edge of the formwork wall 16 lying away from the formwork wall 17 decreases towards the corresponding edge of the formwork wall 18.
  • the formwork wall 33 merges into a formwork wall 34 which is designed like a staircase and has surfaces 8 and 9 of the steps 7 corresponding horizontal and vertical surfaces, to which on its side facing away from the formwork wall 33, that is to say in the region of the inner edge 5 "of the Staircase element 1 to be manufactured is connected to a downwardly projecting apron or formwork wall 35.
  • the lower edge of the formwork wall 35 which has a stair-like course, overlaps the wall 30 at its upper edge or at its junction with the formwork wall 31, and is there releasably connected to the wall 30, the height of the formwork wall 35 being approximately the same over the entire length of this formwork wall .
  • the formwork wall 35 has the same course as the wall 30; with its lower, overlapping end in each case within the wall 30.
  • the formwork walls 29 and 33 and also the formwork walls 31 and 34 are each arranged at a distance from one another, so that between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35 a cavity or mold space corresponding to the stairs 5 is formed, which in FIG the cavity or mold space formed between the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18, on the one hand, and the formwork walls 29 and 33, on the other hand.
  • the two mold spaces mentioned are each closed by the strips 24 and 25 of the frame 23, specifically by the lower or upper strip 25 of the mold space formed between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35 for the Staircase 5 and through the vertical strips 24, the formed between the formwork walls 29, 33 and 16 and 18 forming space for the concrete walls 2 and 4.
  • the upper inner formwork part 28 held at the required distance from the lower inner formwork part 27.
  • the staircase element 1 to be produced with the formwork 11 in the embodiment shown should have, for example, a single-flight half-turn staircase 5, it is necessary to design the upper formwork part 28 in three parts in accordance with the vertical division levels T2 and T3 in order to enable demoulding.
  • the formwork walls 33, 34 and 35 are of course each divided into three sections which are detachably connected to one another. Sections 28 ', 28 "and 28'” are removed one after the other when stripping, starting with the lowest section 28 ', ie the section 28' closest to the support frame 12. This is followed by the removal of the middle section 28 ", which is then followed by the removal of the uppermost section 28" which is furthest away from the support frame 12.
  • the parting planes T2 and T3 preferably coincide with the surfaces 9 'of the formwork wall 34 which form the vertical surfaces 9 of the steps 7 or lie in the region of the transition between two adjacent surfaces 8' and 9 '.
  • the division planes T2 and T3 can in principle also be provided in the area of a surface 8 '.
  • the parting plane T2 forms an acute angle with the formwork wall 16 or its imaginary extension and, moreover, intersect the section of the formwork wall 33 running parallel to the formwork wall 17, so that on the one hand the section 28 'for demolding initially in the direction the arrow H (parallel to the parting plane T2) and then can be pulled out of the formwork in the direction of arrow I (essentially parallel to the formwork wall 16), and on the other hand, by removing a part of the formwork wall 33 lying parallel to the formwork wall 17, there is sufficient space arises to the section 28 "when stripping first in the direction of arrow K to be able to move (parallel to the division plane T2). Subsequently, the section 28 ′′ can be removed, for example, by lifting it upwards, or by correspondingly rotating and simultaneously pulling it out along the formwork wall 16.
  • the course for the vertical parting plane T3 is selected such that it intersects the section of the formwork wall 33 lying adjacent to the formwork wall 18 at an acute angle, for example at an angle of 50 °, at a certain distance from the transition point between the parallel to the Formwork wall 18 and the part of the formwork wall 33 lying parallel to the formwork wall 17, so that the section 28 '"can first be moved in the direction of the arrow L towards the formwork wall 17 and then lifted out of the formwork 11 for final removal or pulled out by turning, without the shuttering being hindered here in particular by the inner surfaces of the concrete walls and by the surfaces 9 of the stairs 5 of the finished stairwell element.
  • the formwork 11 is in its assembled state and is on a vibrating table with its support frame 12. Furthermore, it is assumed that the required iron reinforcement was inserted into the formwork 11 before it was closed or assembled. Concrete is introduced into the mold space formed between the formwork walls 16, 17, 18, 29 and 33 and open at the top of the formwork. Through the shaking movement of the shaking table, this concrete is compacted and at the same time flows into the mold space for the stairs 5 formed between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35, air present in this mold space being able to escape through openings 37, which in the surfaces 8 'in the Proximity to the formwork wall 35 are provided. The openings 37 can also be used to check whether the molding space formed between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35 has completely filled with concrete.
  • the upper support rails 36 are removed and the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 are folded aside according to the arrows E or completely removed, namely after loosening the angle pieces 22 and 26.
  • the frame 23 is also removed, so that the cast staircase element 1 is detached at least on its outer surface.
  • the formwork of the inner formwork part 28 or the formwork of the sections 28 ', 28 ", 28'” can then be started, for example, in the manner and sequence as mentioned above, of course after releasing it Connecting elements between these sections and also those between the formwork wall 35 and the wall 30.
  • the formwork 40 differs from the formwork 11 in principle only in that the formwork wall 17 'corresponding to the formwork wall 17 is arranged with its surface sides in a horizontal plane and rests directly on the supporting frame 12 and is fastened there.
  • the formwork walls 16 'and 18' corresponding to the formwork walls 16 and 18 are articulated on their lower edge or in the region of the transition to the formwork wall 17 on the latter or on the support frame 12 and / or are detachably fastened.
  • the spindles 21 hold the formwork walls 16 'and 18' back in their vertical position when the formwork is assembled.
  • the outer formwork 16 ', 17' and 18 'thus also forms a U-shaped structure in the formwork 40, but not in a horizontal cross-sectional plane as in the formwork 11, but in a cross-sectional plane rotated by 90 °, namely in a vertical cross-sectional plane, so that the outer formwork delimits a U-shaped or trough-like space that is open at the top.
  • the formwork 40 also differs fundamentally from the formwork 11 in that the inner formwork parts 27 and 28, of which only inner formwork parts 28 are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 for the sake of simplicity, are also rotated by 90 ° in relation to the formwork 11 the outer formwork is used and held there by suitable support and fastening elements, for example by support rails 36 ', which are supported on the upper edge of the formwork walls 16' and 18 '.
  • suitable support and fastening elements for example by support rails 36 ', which are supported on the upper edge of the formwork walls 16' and 18 '.
  • On the two end faces of the formwork 40 is between the formwork walls 16 ', 17', 18 ', on the one hand and the formwork walls 29 and 33 of the inner formwork parts 27 and 28, on the other hand ge formed mold space closed by front formwork walls 41.
  • the formwork 40 has the advantage that with a correspondingly long design of the outer formwork 16 '/ 17' / 18 'and when using a plurality of inner formwork parts 27 and 28, the formwork walls 33 and 29 are connected to one another in such a way that outside the molding spaces for stairs 5 results in a continuous formwork wall or surface running parallel to the formwork walls 16 ', 17', 18'ver), stairwell elements can be manufactured which, in deviation from the embodiment according to FIGS.
  • 1-3 have several stairways 5 which are made in one piece with adjacent concrete walls.
  • an additional formwork element 42 inserted into the outer formwork 16 '/ 17' / 18 ' which essentially forms four formwork walls 43, 44, 45 and 46, each spaced and parallel to the formwork wall 16' or 17 'or 18 'or parallel and at a distance from a formwork wall 41, and which with its formwork walls 43, 44 and 45 forms the continuation of the formwork wall 33 of the inner formwork part 28 forming the uppermost staircase 5, it is also possible with the formwork 40
  • the formwork walls 41 on the end face can be displaced in the direction perpendicular to their surface sides within the outer formwork or fastened in different positions, as indicated in FIG. 11 by the double arrows N, so that 40 formwork elements with different heights are included with the formwork different numbers of stairs 5, with or without the roof-like section 48, etc. can be produced in one and the same formwork, ie the formwork 40 allows adaptation to the respective needs in a particularly simple manner.
  • FIG. 13 and 14 show two further embodiments of a staircase element 1 'and 1 ", respectively, in the case of the staircase element 1' of FIG. 13 the concrete wall 3 has been partially recessed to form a window 49.
  • the concrete wall 2 completely eliminated, while the concrete walls 3 and 4 at 50 and 51 (for example, again to create window openings) were partially left out.
  • These recesses can either be achieved by introducing conventional recess elements into the formwork 11 or 40, or else by the formwork walls 16, 17, 18 or 16 ', 17', 18 'and 29 and 33 lying adjacent to one another at the edge of a desired recess can also be connected to each other by a transverse or auxiliary wall.
  • staircase element 1 "' in which the wall surrounding the stairs 5 on its outer circumference does not consist of three perpendicular concrete walls, but is a single, partially curved concrete wall 47.
  • this staircase element 1"' one Correspondingly partially curved outer formwork and inner formwork parts 27 and 28 are used, the formwork walls 29 and 33 of which are also partially curved in accordance with the course of the concrete wall 47.
  • the staircase element or this circuit manufactured with the formwork 40 such that the actual roof element or the upper roof-like section is omitted in the roof-like section 48 or is designed as a roof with at least one roof slope.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for producing a staircase element (1) with at least one concrete U-shaped or curved flight of stairs (5) having a plurality of steps, and with an outer limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47) of the staircase element, the said limiting wall at least partially surrounding the flight of stairs on its outer periphery, extending in the direction of ascent of the flight of stairs (5), likewise being made of concrete, reaching from the bottom edge of the staircase element (1) to the top edge and, together with the U-shaped or curved flight of stairs (7), forming a self-supporting unit, characterized in that the flight of stairs (5), together with the limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47), is produced in one casting in a single mould.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich zunächst auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Treppenhauselementes mit wenigstens einer eine Vielzahl von Stufen aufweisenden U- oder Bogentreppe aus Beton sowie mit einer die Treppe an ihrem Aussenumfang zumindest teilweise umschliessenden, in Steigungsrichtung der Treppe verlaufenden äusseren Begrenzungswand des Treppenhauselementes, die (Begrenzungswand) ebenfalls aus Beton hergestellt ist, von Unterkante bis Oberkante des Treppenhauselementes reicht und mit der U- oder Bogentreppe eine selbsttragende Einheit bildet. Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Schalung zum Herstellen eines Treppenhauselementes.The invention initially relates to a method for producing a staircase element with at least one U-shaped or arched staircase made of concrete and with an outer boundary wall of the staircase element that at least partially surrounds the outer circumference of the staircase and extends in the direction of the stairs, the ( Boundary wall) is also made of concrete, extends from the lower edge to the upper edge of the stairwell element and forms a self-supporting unit with the U or arch staircase. Furthermore, the invention relates to a formwork for producing a staircase element.

Unter U- oder Bogentreppe sind im Sinne der Erfindung insbes. Podesttreppen sowie gewendelte Treppen der unterschiedlichsten Ausbildung zu verstehen, wobei auch die die Treppe zumindest teilweise umschliessende äussere Begrenzungswand entsprechend dem Aussenumfang der Treppe unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein kann. So setzt sich diese äussere Begrenzungswand beispielsweise bei rechteckförmigem oder quadratischem Aussenumfang der Treppe aus mehreren senkrecht zueinander verlaufenden Wandabschnitten zusammen oder aber ist bei wenigstens teilweise gekrümmtem Aussenumfang ebenfalls teilweise gekrümmt ausgebildet.U-shaped or arched stairs are to be understood in the sense of the invention, in particular, pedestal stairs and spiral stairs of the most varied design, the outer boundary wall at least partially surrounding the stairs also being able to be designed differently according to the outer circumference of the stairs. For example, in the case of a rectangular or square outer circumference of the staircase, this outer boundary wall is composed of a plurality of wall sections running perpendicular to one another, or is also partially curved in the case of an at least partially curved outer circumference.

Beim Errichten von Gebäuden ist es heute auch noch allgemein üblich, zunächst die Wände eines Treppenhauses fertig zu stellen und erst im Anschluss daran die Treppe in dem zumindest teilweise fertiggestellten Treppenhaus zu errichten. Diese Methode hat den Nachteil, dass vor dem Fertigstellen der Treppe für die Bauarbeiten Hilfstreppen oder Leitern erforderlich sind, um von einer Gebäudeebene z.B. in eine darüberliegende Gebäudeebene gelangen zu können. Ausserdem ist bei der Herstellung der Treppen aus Beton ein recht umständliches und zeitraubendes Verschalen erforderlich, und zwar insbesondere dann, wenn in ihrer geometrischen Form komplizierte Treppen, wie beispielsweise gewendelte Treppen, gewünscht sind. In diesen Fällen ist es vielfach auch nicht möglich, hierfür geeignete Fachkräfte zu finden.When building buildings, it is still common practice today to first finish the walls of a staircase and only then to build the stairs in the at least partially completed staircase. This method has the disadvantage that auxiliary stairs or ladders are required for the construction work before the stairs are completed, e.g. to be able to get to a building level above. In addition, a quite cumbersome and time-consuming formwork is required in the manufacture of concrete stairs, particularly when complicated stairs, such as spiral stairs, are desired in their geometric shape. In these cases it is often not possible to find suitable specialists.

Um die Herstellung von Treppen zu vereinfachen, wurde bereits ein Treppenelement vorgeschlagen (AU-B-25 458/77), welches aus einer U- bzw. Podesttreppe aus Beton sowie aus einer die Treppe umschliessenden und in Steigungsrichtung der Treppe verlaufenden äusseren Begrenzungswand ebenfalls aus Beton besteht, die allerdings nur einen die Treppe umschliessenden Handlauf bildet.In order to simplify the manufacture of stairs, a stair element has already been proposed (AU-B-25 458/77), which also consists of a U-shaped or pedestal staircase made of concrete as well as an outer boundary wall surrounding the stairs and running in the direction of the stairs Concrete is made, which however only forms a handrail surrounding the stairs.

Bekannt ist aber auch ein Treppenhauselement (FR-A-13 45 774), bei dem die äussere Begrenzungswand von Unterkante bis Oberkante des Treppenhauselementes reicht und zusammen mit der Treppe ein selbsttragendes Treppenhauselement bildet, so dass durch Übereinanderstellen mehrerer solcher Treppenhauselemente die Erstellung eines mehrstöckigen Treppenhauses möglich ist.However, a staircase element (FR-A-13 45 774) is also known, in which the outer boundary wall extends from the lower edge to the upper edge of the staircase element and forms a self-supporting staircase element together with the staircase, so that the stacking of several such staircase elements creates a multi-storey staircase is possible.

Bekannt ist weiterhin eine Schalung zum Herstellen eines Treppenelementes (GB-A-1 1 221 973), welches aus zwei eine PodestTreppe bildenden Treppenabschnitten, einem diese Treppenabschnitte verbindenden Treppenabsatz sowie einer zwischen den Treppenabschnitten angeordneten vertikalen Wand besteht. Um das Treppenelement in einem Guss aus Beton herzustellen, besitzt diese bekannte Schalung mehrere, jeweils von Schalungsflächen begrenzte, ineinander übergehende Formräume, und zwar einen ersten, an seiner Oberseite offenen, unten durch ein plattenförmiges Schalungsteil sowie am Umfang durch eine Schalungswand begrenzten Formraum für die Wand, zwei zweite Formräume für die Treppenabschnitte, von denen einer unterhalb und der andere oberhalb des ersten Formraumes vorgesehen ist, sowie einen weiteren, sich oberhalb und unterhalb des ersten Formraumes erstreckenden Formraum für den Treppenabsatz.Also known is a formwork for producing a stair element (GB-A-1 1 221 973), which consists of two stair sections forming a platform stair, a stair landing connecting these stair sections and a vertical wall arranged between the stair sections. In order to produce the stair element in one cast from concrete, this known formwork has a plurality of molding spaces, each delimited by formwork surfaces, namely a first molding space for the top, which is open at the top and delimited at the bottom by a plate-shaped formwork part and on the circumference by a formwork wall Wall, two second molding spaces for the stair sections, one of which is provided below and the other above the first molding space, and a further molding space for the landing that extends above and below the first molding space.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren aufzuzeigen, mit welchem es möglich ist, ein Treppenhauselement der eingangs erwähnten Art besonders rationell zu fertigen.The invention has for its object to provide a method with which it is possible to produce a stairwell element of the type mentioned particularly efficiently.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist das Verfahren erfindungsgemäss so ausgestaltet, dass die Treppe zusammen mit der Begrenzungswand in einem Guss in einer einzigen Schalung gefertigt ist.To achieve this object, the method is designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that the staircase is manufactured together with the boundary wall in one casting in a single formwork.

Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren erfolgt die Herstellung eines selbsttragenden Treppenhauselementes, welches insbesondere auch durch Aufeinandersetzen mehrerer solcher Elemente zur Erstellung eines mehrstöckigen Treppenhauses dienen kann, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang, was einen entscheidenden Rationalisierungsbeitrag liefert. Durch die Herstellung des Treppenhauselementes mit allen seinen Elementen in einem Guss, d.h. durch die Vermeidung von Anschlussbereichen im Beton ist auch eine hohe statische Festigkeit bei relativ geringem Gewicht erzielbar, so dass sich das Treppenhauselement leicht transportieren und auf der Baustelle handhaben lässt.With the method according to the invention, a self-supporting staircase element is produced in a single operation, which can also serve, in particular, by stacking several such elements to create a multi-storey staircase, which makes a decisive contribution to rationalization. By manufacturing the stairwell element with all its elements in one cast, i.e. By avoiding connection areas in the concrete, a high static strength can be achieved with a relatively low weight, so that the stairwell element can be easily transported and handled on the construction site.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es weiterhin eine Schalung aufzuzeigen, die besonders vorteilhaft zur Herstellung eines Treppenhauselementes geeignet ist, welches aus einer eine Vielzahl von Stufen aufweisenden U- oder Bogentreppe aus Beton sowie aus einer die Treppe an ihrem Aussenumfang zumindest teilweise umschliessenden, in Steigungsrichtung der Treppe verlaufenden äusseren Begrenzungswand besteht, die ebenfalls aus Beton hergestellt ist und von Unterkante bis Oberkante des Treppenhauselementes reicht. Diese Schalung ist entsprechend dem Patentanspruch 2 ausgebildet.The object of the invention is also to show a formwork which is particularly advantageously suitable for producing a staircase element which consists of a multitude of steps U-shaped or arched staircase made of concrete and of a staircase at least partially enclosing the outer circumference of the staircase in the slope direction of the stairs running outer boundary wall, which is also made of concrete and extends from the lower edge to the upper edge of the stairwell element. This formwork is designed according to claim 2.

Die erfindungsgemässe Schalung ist von vorgefertigten, teilweise lösbar mit einander verbundenen Teilen gebildet und praktisch unbegrenzt wiederverwendbar, so dass mit ihr eine besonders rationelle Herstellung von Treppenhauselementen in einem Guss möglich ist.The formwork according to the invention is formed from prefabricated, partially detachable parts which are connected to one another and can be reused practically indefinitely, so that it enables particularly efficient production of staircase elements in one casting.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Figuren an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 in Draufsicht von oben eine Ausführungsform des nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hergestellten Treppenhauselementes für eine Gebäudetreppe;
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie I-I der Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie II-II der Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf eine Schalung zur Herstellung des Treppenhauselementes gem. den Fig. 1-3, im zusammengebauten Zustand der Schalung;
  • Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht der Schalung in Blickrichtung des Teiles A der Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht auf einen unteren Tragrahmen der Schalung gemäss Fig. 4 sowie auf den auf diesem Tragrahmen angeordneten ersten Innenschalungsteil zur Formung der Unterseite der Treppe sowie der unter der Treppe liegenden Innenfläche der die Treppe umgebenden Betonwand;
  • Fig. 7 die Anordnung gemäss Fig. 6 in Seitendarstellung und in Blickrichtung des Pfeiles B;
  • Fig. 8 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie 111-III der Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 9 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 10 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie V-V der Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 11 in Draufsicht eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Schalungzur Herstellung eines mehrere Treppen und eine gemeinsame Betonwand aufweisenden Treppenhauselementes, gegebenenfalls mit zusätzlichem Treppenhausabschluss;
  • Fig. 12 die Schalung gemäss Fig. 11 in Stirhansicht bzw. in Blickrichtung des Pfeiles C, wobei der der in Blickrichtung vorderen Stirnseite der Schalung benachbart liegende innere Schalungsteil für die Unterseite der ersten Treppe entfernt wurde;
  • Fig. 13 und 14 ähnliche Darstellungen wie Fig. 1, jedoch bei abgewandelten Ausführungsformen des Treppenhauselementes;
  • Fig. 15 in Draufsicht ein nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hergestelltes Treppenhauselement mit einer in einem Teilbereich gekrümmten äusseren Betonwand.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • 1 shows a top view from above of an embodiment of the staircase element for a building staircase produced by the method according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2 is a section along the line II of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of a formwork for the manufacture of the staircase element acc. 1-3, in the assembled state of the formwork;
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of the formwork in the direction of view of part A of Fig. 4;
  • 6 shows a plan view of a lower supporting frame of the formwork according to FIG. 4 and of the first inner formwork part arranged on this supporting frame for shaping the underside of the stairs and the inner surface of the concrete wall surrounding the stairs below the stairs;
  • FIG. 7 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 6 in a side view and in the viewing direction of arrow B;
  • Fig. 8 is a section along the line 111-III of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 9 is a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 10 is a section along the line VV of Fig. 6;
  • 11 shows a plan view of a modified embodiment of the formwork according to the invention for producing a staircase element which has a plurality of stairs and a common concrete wall, optionally with an additional staircase closure;
  • FIG. 12 shows the formwork according to FIG. 11 in a frontal view or in the direction of arrow C, the inner formwork part lying adjacent to the front end of the formwork in the direction of view having been removed for the underside of the first staircase;
  • 13 and 14 representations similar to FIG. 1, but with modified embodiments of the stairwell element;
  • 15 is a top view of a staircase element produced by the method according to the invention with an outer concrete wall curved in a partial area.

In den Fig. 1-3 ist ein Treppenhauselement 1 dargestellt, welches als Fertigbetonteil in der dargestellten Form als Gebäudetreppe zum Verbinden zweier Gebäudeebenen verwendet werden kann, oder aber welches durch Aufeinanderstellen mehrerer gleichartiger Treppenhauselemente zu einem Treppenhaus für ein mehrgeschossiges Gebäude kombiniert werden kann. Das Treppenhauselement 1 besteht bei der in den Fig. 1-3 dargestellten Ausführungsform aus insgesamt drei einstückig miteinander verbundenen und senkrecht aufeinander stossenden Betonwänden 2, 3 und 4, die nach dem Aufstellen bzw. Einbau des Treppenhauselementes 1 in ein Gebäude mit ihren in vertikaler Richtung verlaufenden und mit den ebenfalls in vertikaler Richtung verlaufenden Ecken zwischen den Betonwänden 2-4 eine im Grundriss U-förmige Umfangs- bzw. Begrenzungswarid für das Treppenhaus bilden. Jede Betonwand 2-4 besitzt eine untere Kante 2', 3' bzw. 4' sowie eine obere Kante 2", 3" bzw. 4", wobei das Treppenbauselement 1 im eingebauten Zustand mit den unteren Kanten 2', 3'und 4'auf einem Fundament aufsteht, während sich an die oberen Kanten weitere Wände oder Decken des Gebäudes anschliessen können. Wird das Treppenhauselement 1 in der oben erwähnten Weise zusammen mit mehreren gleichartigen Treppenhauselementen zur Erstellung eines Treppenhauses für ein mehrgeschossiges Gebäude verwendet, so stehen jeweils zwei Treppenhauselemente 1 derart übereinander, dass das jeweils obere Treppenhauselement 1 mit den unteren Kanten 2', 3' und 4' auf den oberen Kanten 2", 3" und 4" des jeweils unteren Treppenhauselementes 1 aufsteht, so dass sich die Betonwände 2,3 und 4 des jeweils unteren Treppenhauselementes in den entsprechenden Betonwänden des jeweils oberen Treppenhauselementes fortsetzen. Grundsätzlich ist es bei der Erfindung auch möglich, dass zwei oder mehrere, übereinander angeordnete Treppenhauselemente 1 wenigstens im Bereich ihrer Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 einstückig miteinander hergestellt sind.1-3, a staircase element 1 is shown, which can be used as a prefabricated concrete part in the form shown as a building staircase for connecting two building levels, or which can be combined by stacking several similar staircase elements to form a staircase for a multi-storey building. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3, the staircase element 1 consists of a total of three concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, which are integrally connected to one another and abut one another vertically, and which after the installation or installation of the staircase element 1 in a building with their vertical direction running and with the vertically extending corners between the concrete walls 2-4 form a U-shaped circumferential or boundary warid for the staircase. Each concrete wall 2-4 has a lower edge 2 ', 3' or 4 'and an upper edge 2 ", 3" or 4 ", the stair construction element 1 having the lower edges 2', 3 'and 4 in the installed state "stands on a foundation, while further walls or ceilings of the building can be connected to the upper edges. If the staircase element 1 is used in the above-mentioned manner together with several similar staircase elements to create a staircase for a multi-storey building, there are two staircase elements in each case 1 such that the upper staircase element 1 with the lower edges 2 ', 3' and 4 'stands on the upper edges 2 ", 3" and 4 "of the lower staircase element 1, so that the concrete walls 2, 3 and Continue 4 of the lower staircase element in the corresponding concrete walls of the upper staircase element. Basically, it is also possible with the invention that two or more staircase elements 1 arranged one above the other are produced in one piece with one another at least in the area of their concrete walls 2, 3 and 4.

In dem von den Betonwänden 2, 3 und 4 begrenzten Raum ist eine Treppe 5 angeordnet, die bei der in den Fig. 1-3 dargestellten Ausführungsform die Form einer einläufigen halbgewendelten Treppe aufweist. Die Treppe 5 ist einstükkig mit den Betonwänden 2, 3 und 4 hergestellt, und zwar vorzugsweise derart, dass die Treppe zusammen mit den Betonwänden 2, 3 und 4 in einem Stück bzw. in einem Arbeitsgang aus Beton gegossen ist, d.h. die Treppe 5 an ihrer Aussenkante 5' nahtlos in die Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 übergeht. Die Treppe 5 besitzt eine schraubenlinienartige geformte untere Fläche bzw. Unterseite 6 sowie eine Oberseite, die eine Vielzahl von Treppenstufen 7 mit jeweils einer die Treppenfläche bildenden, im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Betonwänden 2, 3 und 4 liegenden Fläche 8 und einer senkrecht hierzu verlaufenden, die Treppenhöhe bestimmenden Fläche 9.In the space delimited by the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, a staircase 5 is arranged, which in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 has the shape of a single-flight, half-turn staircase. The staircase 5 is made in one piece with the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, preferably in such a way that the staircase together with the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 is cast in one piece or in one work step from concrete, i.e. the stairs 5 merges seamlessly into the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 at their outer edge 5 '. The staircase 5 has a helically shaped lower surface or underside 6 and an upper side, which has a plurality of stair steps 7, each with a surface 8 forming the stair surface, essentially perpendicular to the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, and a surface running perpendicular to it. surface determining the stair height 9.

Bei der für die Fig. 1-3 gewählten Darstellung wurde davon ausgegangen, dass die Treppe 5 in Richtung des Pfeiles D von unten nach oben hin ansteigt, d.h. die in der Fig. 1 mit 7A bezeichnete Treppenstufe entspricht dem untersten Niveau der Treppe 5 bzw. dem Treppenanfang und die mit 7E bezeichnete Treppe entspricht dem obersten Niveau bzw. dem Ende der Treppe 5.1-3, it was assumed that the stairs 5 rise in the direction of arrow D from bottom to top, i.e. the step 7A in FIG. 1 corresponds to the lowest level of the stairs 5 or the beginning of the stairs and the step 7E corresponds to the top level or the end of the stairs 5.

Zwischen den vom Treppenanfang 7A zum Treppenende 7E führenden Treppenstufen ist ein sog. Treppenauge 10 vorgesehen, d.h. ein von Betonmaterial freier Raum. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, dass dieses Treppenauge 10 ganz oder teilweise durch ein säulenartiges oder wandförmiges Element eingenommen sein kann, welches sich bei aufgestelltem bzw. eingebautem Treppenhauselement 1 in vertikaler Richtung erstreckt und die Treppe 5 auch an ihrer Innenseite 5" begrenzt. Dieses säulen- oder wandartige Element ist dann vorzugsweise ebenfalls einstückig mit der Treppe 5 gefertigt.Between the steps leading from the beginning of the stairs 7A to the ends of the steps 7E, a so-called stairway eye 10 is provided, ie a space free of concrete material. Of course, it is also possible for this stairway eye 10 to be wholly or partially occupied by a columnar or wall-shaped element. which extends in the vertical direction when the staircase element 1 is set up or installed and also delimits the inside of the staircase 5 ″. This column-like or wall-like element is then preferably also made in one piece with the staircase 5.

Zur Herstellung des in den Fig. 1-3 gezeigten Treppenhauselementes in einem einzigen Guss dient beispielsweise die in den Fig. 4-10 dargestellte Schalung 11. Diese Schalung besteht aus einem unteren Tragrahmen 12, der bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform von vier zu einem rechteckförmigen Rahmen miteinander verschweissten Doppel-T-Trägern 13 und 14 gebildet ist, wobei die relativ breite Schenkel 15 aufweisenden Träger 13 und 14 so angeordnet sind, dass sie mit ihren unteren Schenkeln 15 jeweils die auf einer horizontalen Standfläche aufstehende Unterseite des Tragrahmens 12 bilden, während die oberen Schenkel 15 der Träger 13 und 14 mit ihrer Oberseite eine rahmenartige horizontale Fläche bilden, die teilweise als Schaiungsfiäche für die unteren Kanten 2', 3' und 4' der Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 dient.For example, the formwork 11 shown in FIGS. 4-10 is used to produce the staircase element shown in FIGS. 1-3 in a single casting. This formwork consists of a lower support frame 12, which in the embodiment shown has four to a rectangular frame welded double-T beams 13 and 14 is formed, the relatively wide legs 15 having beams 13 and 14 are arranged so that they form with their lower legs 15 each standing on a horizontal footprint underside of the support frame 12, while the upper leg 15 of the beams 13 and 14 with its upper side form a frame-like horizontal surface which partly serves as a surface for the lower edges 2 ', 3' and 4 'of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4.

Die Schalung 11 besteht weiterhin aus einer Aussenschalung für die Aussenfläche der Betonwände 2, 3 und 4, wobei diese Aussenschalung sich aus drei Schalungswänden 16, 17 und 18 zusammensetzt, die mit ihren Flächen senkrecht zueinander sowie senkrecht zu der von dem Tragrahmen 12 gebildeten Fläche stehen. Jede Schalungswand 16, 17 bzw. 18 steht mit ihrer unteren Kante auf einem Schenkel 15 der Träger 13 und 14 auf, und zwar im Bereich der äusseren Längskante des Tragrahmens 12, und ist bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform weiterhin im Bereich der unteren Kante um eine parallel zur jeweiligen Schalungswandebene verlaufende horizontale Achse schwenkbar am Tragrahmen 12 angelenkt, so dass jede Schalungswand 16, 17 und 18 entsprechend den Pfeilen E aus der in den Figuren gezeigten vertikalen Stellung zur Seite bzw. in eine Schrägstellung oder horizontale Stellung geschwenkt werden kann. Hierfür sind an jeder Schalungswand 16, 17 und 18 aussen mehrere Tragarme 19 befestigt, die unter die untere Kante der jeweiligen Schalungswand reichen und am dortigen Ende an einem vom Tragarm 12 nach aussen stehenden Lagerarm 20 angelenkt sind. Durch Spindeln oder Streben 21 sind die Schalungswände 16, 17 und 18 in ihrer vertikalen Stellung gehalten. Die Schalungswände 16, 17 und 18 sind weiterhin an ihren vertikalen Stossstellen durch abnehmbare oder lösbare Winkelstücke 22 dicht miteinander verbunden.The formwork 11 also consists of an outer formwork for the outer surface of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, this outer formwork being composed of three formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 which are perpendicular to one another with their surfaces and perpendicular to the surface formed by the support frame 12 . Each formwork wall 16, 17 and 18 stands with its lower edge on a leg 15 of the beams 13 and 14, in the area of the outer longitudinal edge of the support frame 12, and in the embodiment shown is also parallel to one another in the area of the lower edge horizontal axis extending to the respective formwork wall plane is pivotably articulated on the supporting frame 12, so that each formwork wall 16, 17 and 18 can be pivoted to the side or into an inclined position or horizontal position according to the arrows E from the vertical position shown in the figures. For this purpose, a plurality of support arms 19 are fastened to the outside of each formwork wall 16, 17 and 18, which extend below the lower edge of the respective formwork wall and are articulated at the end there to a bearing arm 20 projecting outwards from the support arm 12. The formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 are held in their vertical position by spindles or struts 21. The formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 are still tightly connected to each other at their vertical joints by removable or detachable angle pieces 22.

Die Schalungswände 16,17 und 18 bilden entsprechend dem Verlauf der Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 im Grundriss eine U-förmige Struktur, deren einander gegenüberliegende Schenkel durch die Schalungswände 16 und 18 und deren Jochstück durch die Schalungswand 17 bestimmt ist. Die Aussenschalung weist weiterhin noch einen rechteckförmigen, vertikalen Rahmen 23 auf, der von vier Leisten oder Trägern gebildet ist und sich an die Schalungswände 16 und 18 an ihrer der Schalungswand 17 abgewendeten vertikalen Seitenkante anschliesst. Die vertikalen Leisten 24 des Rahmens 23 bilden senkrecht zu den Schalungswänden 16 und 18 verlaufende Schalungsflächen für die vorderen Stirnkanten 2"' und 4"' der Betonwände 2 und 4. Die horizontalen Leisten 25 bilden Schalungsflächen für die Fläche 9 der ersten Stufe 7 am Treppenanfang 7A bzw. für die Rückfläche 9" der letzten Stufe 7 am Treppenende 7E. Der Rahmen 23 ist abnehmbar am Tragrahmen 12 gehalten und durch lösbare Winkelstücke 26 mit den Schalungswänden 16 und 18 verbunden.The formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 form a U-shaped structure in accordance with the course of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, the opposite legs of which are determined by the formwork walls 16 and 18 and the yoke piece by the formwork wall 17. The outer formwork also has a rectangular, vertical frame 23 which is formed by four strips or beams and adjoins the formwork walls 16 and 18 on its vertical side edge facing away from the formwork wall 17. The vertical strips 24 of the frame 23 form formwork surfaces perpendicular to the formwork walls 16 and 18 for the front end edges 2 "'and 4"' of the concrete walls 2 and 4. The horizontal strips 25 formwork surfaces for the surface 9 of the first step 7 at the beginning of the stairs 7A or for the rear surface 9 "of the last step 7 at the end of the stairs 7E. The frame 23 is held detachably on the support frame 12 and connected to the formwork walls 16 and 18 by detachable angle pieces 26.

Die Schalung 11 besteht weiterhin aus einer Innenschalung, die sich grundsätzlich aus dem ersten bzw. in den Figuren 4 bis 10 unteren Innenschalungsteil 27, sowie aus dem zweiten bzw. in den Figuren 4 bis 10 oberen Innenschalungsteil 28 zusammensetzt. Der Innenschalungsteil 27 besteht im wesentlichen aus einer äusseren Schalungswand 29, die zur Formung der Innenflächen der Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 unterhalb der Treppe 5 dient und dem Verlauf dieser Betonwände entsprechend sich aus drei senkrecht zueinander sowie senkrecht zu der Fläche des Tragrahmens 12 verlaufenden Wandabschnitten zusammensetzt, wobei die Höhe der Schalungswand 29, die selbstverständlich in einem der Dicke für die Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 entsprechenden Abstand von den Schalungswänden 16, 17 und 18 angeordnet ist, von dem der Schalungswand 17 entfernt liegenden Ende der Schalungswand 16 zum entsprechenden Ende der Schalungswand 18 hin zunimmt. Weiterhin weist der Innenschalungsteil 27 eine innere Wand 30 auf, die dem Verlauf der Innenkante 5" derTreppe 5 einen in etwa U-förmigen Verlauf besitzt, und deren Höhe gleichsinnig mit der Schalungswand 29 zunimmt. Durch eine die obere Kante der Schalungswand 29 und die obere Kante der Wand 30 miteinander verbindende schraubenlinienartig verlaufende Schalungswand 31 ergibt sich für den Innenschalungsteil 27 eine im Querschnitt U-förmige, tunnelartige und eine Wendung um 180° beinhaltende Struktur mit ansteigender Höhe. Um ein Entschalen des gegossenen Treppenhauselementes 1 nach dem Aushärten des Betons zu ermöglichen, ist der Innenschalungsteil 27 zweiteilig ausgebildet, d.h. er besteht aus den Abschnitten 27'und27",wobeidieTeilungsebeneT1 zwischen diesen beiden Abschnitten, die (auf Teilungsebene) selbstverständlich auch die Schalungswände 29 und 31 sowie die Wand 30 in jeweils zwei entsprechenden, miteinander lösbar verbundene Abschnitte unterteilt, die Aussenschalung im Bereich der zwischen den Schalungswänden 17 und 18 gebildeten Ecke schneiden und mit der Schalungswand 18 bzw. mit dem parallel zu dieser Schalungswand verlaufenden Abschnitt der Schalungswand 29 einen spitzen Winkel, beispielsweise einen Winkel von 50° einschliesst. Der Abschnitt 27' ist bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform fest mit dem Tragrahmen 12 verbunden, während der Abschnitt 27" insbesondere auch nach dem Trennen der Schalungswände 29 und 31 sowie der Wand 30 im Bereich der Teilungsebene T1 zum Entschalen des Treppenhauselementes 1 aus der Schalung herausgezogen werden kann, und zwar zunächst durch eine Bewegung in Richtung des Pfeiles F, d.h. parallel zur Teilungsebene T1, wodurch sich der Abstand zwischen der Schalungswand 29 und der Schalungswand 18 vergrössert und anschliessend durch eine Bewegung in Richtung des Pfeiles G. Um ein Entschalen des herausziehbaren Abschnittes - bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform des Abschnittes 27" -zu ermöglichen, ist es erforderlich, dass die Schalungswand 29 dieses Abschnittes an dem beim Herausziehen bzw. Entschalen nachfolgenden Ende mit der Teilungsebene T1 einen spitzen Winkel einschliesst.The formwork 11 also consists of an inner formwork, which is basically composed of the first or lower inner formwork part 27 in FIGS. 4 to 10 and the second or upper inner formwork part 28 in FIGS. 4 to 10. The inner formwork part 27 consists essentially of an outer formwork wall 29, which serves to shape the inner surfaces of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 below the stairs 5 and the course of these concrete walls corresponding to three wall sections running perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the surface of the support frame 12 the height of the formwork wall 29, which is of course arranged at a distance from the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 corresponding to the thickness for the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4, from the end of the formwork wall 16 remote from the formwork wall 17 to the corresponding end the formwork wall 18 increases. Furthermore, the inner formwork part 27 has an inner wall 30 which has an approximately U-shaped course to the course of the inner edge 5 "of the stairs 5, and whose height increases in the same direction as the formwork wall 29. Through one the upper edge of the formwork wall 29 and the upper one A screw-like formwork wall 31 connecting the edge of the wall 30 results in a structure with a U-shaped cross-section, tunnel-like structure and a turn of 180 ° with increasing height for the inner formwork part 27. To enable the cast stairway element 1 to be removed from the mold after the concrete has hardened , the inner formwork part 27 is formed in two parts, ie it consists of the sections 27'and27 ", the parting plane T1 between these two sections, which (at the parting level) of course also the formwork walls 29 and 31 and the wall 30 in two corresponding sections, each releasably connected to one another divided, the outer formwork in the area of cut between the formwork walls 17 and 18 and form an acute angle, for example an angle of 50 °, with the formwork wall 18 or with the section of the formwork wall 29 running parallel to this formwork wall. The section 27 'in the illustrated embodiment is firmly connected to the support frame 12, while the section 27 "in particular also after the formwork walls 29 and 31 and the wall 30 have been separated in the region of the part level T1 for demoulding the staircase element 1 can be pulled out of the formwork, first by moving in the direction of arrow F, ie parallel to the parting plane T1, which increases the distance between the formwork wall 29 and the formwork wall 18 and then by a movement in the direction of arrow G. In order to enable the extractable section to be removed from the mold - in the illustrated embodiment of the section 27 "- it is necessary for the formwork wall 29 of this section to tip at the parting plane T1 at the end that follows when it is removed or removed Includes angle.

Die Schalungswände 29 und 31 sowie die Wand 30 sind beispielsweise jeweils aus Stahlblech gefertigt, wobei mehrere aus Profileisen bestehende Unterstützungsrahmen 32 für die notwendige Festigkeit sorgen.The formwork walls 29 and 31 and the wall 30 are each made of sheet steel, for example, a plurality of support frames 32 made of profiled iron providing the necessary strength.

Der obere Innenschalungsteil 28 besteht aus einer äusseren Schalungswand 33, die zur Formung der Innenfläche der Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 oberhalb der Treppe 5 dient und die mit ihrer oberen Kante bis etwa zur oberen Kante der Schalungswände 16, 17 und 18 reicht. Es versteht sich, dass die Schalungswand 33 wiederum einen der gewünschten Dicke für die Betonwände entsprechenden Abstand von den Schalungswänden 16, 17 und 18 aufweist. Ausserdem besteht die Schalungswand 33 wiederum aus drei Bereichen, die senkrecht zueinander sowie senkrecht zu der vom Tragrahmen 12 gebildeten horizontalen Ebene verlaufen. Die untere Kante der Schalungswand 33 bildet eine den Treppenstufen 7 des Treppenhauselementes 1 entsprechende Treppenlinie, und zwar in der Form, dass der Abstand der unteren Kante der Schalungswand 33 von der oberen Kante dieser Schalungswand von dem der Schalungswand 17 entfernt liegenden vertikalen Längskante der Schalungswand 16 zu der entsprechenden Kante der Schalungswand 18 hin abnimmt. An der unteren Kante geht die Schalungswand 33 in eine treppenartig ausgebildete und den Flächen 8 und 9 der Treppenstufen 7 entsprechende horizontale und vertikale Flächen aufweisende Schalungswand 34 über, an die sich an ihrer der Schalungswand 33 abgewendeten Seite, also im Bereich der Innenkante 5" des herzustellenden Treppenhauselementes 1 eine nach unten ragende Schürze oder Schalungswand 35 anschliesst. Die Schalungswand 35, die an ihrer oberen Kante einen treppenlinienartigen Verlauf besitzt, überlappt mit ihrer Unterkante die Wand 30 an deren oberer Kante bzw. an deren Verbindungsstelle mit der Schalungswand 31, und ist dort lösbar mit der Wand 30 verbunden, wobei die Höhe der Schalungswand 35 über die gesamte Länge dieser Schalungswand in etwa gleich ist. In Draufsicht (Fig. 4) weist die Schalungswand 35 den gleichen Verlauf wie die Wand 30 auf; die Schalungswand 35 liegt nur mit ihrem unteren, überlappenden Ende jeweils innerhalb der Wand 30. Wie insbesondere auch aus der Fig. 10 zu ersehen ist, sind die Schalungswände 29 und 33 sowie auch die Schalungswände 31 und 34 jeweils im Abstand voneinander angeordnet, so dass zwischen den Schalungswänden 31, 34 und 35 ein der Treppe 5 entsprechender Hohl-oder Formraum gebildet ist, der in den zwischen den Schalungswänden 16, 17 und 18, einerseits und den Schalungswänden 29 und 33, andererseits gebildeten Hohl- oder Formraum mündet.The upper inner formwork part 28 consists of an outer formwork wall 33, which serves to form the inner surface of the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 above the stairs 5 and which extends with its upper edge to approximately the upper edge of the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18. It goes without saying that the formwork wall 33 in turn has a distance from the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 which corresponds to the desired thickness for the concrete walls. In addition, the formwork wall 33 again consists of three areas that run perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the horizontal plane formed by the support frame 12. The lower edge of the formwork wall 33 forms a stair line corresponding to the steps 7 of the staircase element 1, specifically in the form that the distance of the lower edge of the formwork wall 33 from the upper edge of this formwork wall from the vertical longitudinal edge of the formwork wall 16 lying away from the formwork wall 17 decreases towards the corresponding edge of the formwork wall 18. At the lower edge, the formwork wall 33 merges into a formwork wall 34 which is designed like a staircase and has surfaces 8 and 9 of the steps 7 corresponding horizontal and vertical surfaces, to which on its side facing away from the formwork wall 33, that is to say in the region of the inner edge 5 "of the Staircase element 1 to be manufactured is connected to a downwardly projecting apron or formwork wall 35. The lower edge of the formwork wall 35, which has a stair-like course, overlaps the wall 30 at its upper edge or at its junction with the formwork wall 31, and is there releasably connected to the wall 30, the height of the formwork wall 35 being approximately the same over the entire length of this formwork wall .. In plan view (FIG. 4), the formwork wall 35 has the same course as the wall 30; with its lower, overlapping end in each case within the wall 30. As in particular also from the Fi 10 can be seen, the formwork walls 29 and 33 and also the formwork walls 31 and 34 are each arranged at a distance from one another, so that between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35 a cavity or mold space corresponding to the stairs 5 is formed, which in FIG the cavity or mold space formed between the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18, on the one hand, and the formwork walls 29 and 33, on the other hand.

An der der Schalungswand 17 abgewendeten Seite der Schalung 11 sind die beiden genannten Formräume jeweils durch die Leisten 24 und 25 des Rahmens 23 verschlossen, und zwar durch die untere bzw. obere Leiste 25 der zwischen den Schalungswänden 31, 34 und 35 gebildete Formraum für die Treppe 5 und durch die vertikalen Leisten 24, die zwischen den Schalungswänden 29, 33 und 16 bzw. 18 gebildete Formraum für die Betonwände 2 bzw. 4. Durch mehrere Tragschienen 36, die sich jeweils beidendig auf den Schalungswänden 16 und 18 abstützen, ist der obere Innenschalungsteil 28 im erforderlichen Abstand vom unteren Innenschalungsteil 27 gehalten.On the side of the formwork 11 facing away from the formwork wall 17, the two mold spaces mentioned are each closed by the strips 24 and 25 of the frame 23, specifically by the lower or upper strip 25 of the mold space formed between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35 for the Staircase 5 and through the vertical strips 24, the formed between the formwork walls 29, 33 and 16 and 18 forming space for the concrete walls 2 and 4. By several support rails 36, which are supported on both sides of the formwork walls 16 and 18, the upper inner formwork part 28 held at the required distance from the lower inner formwork part 27.

Da das mit der Schalung 11 herzustellende Treppenhauselement 1 bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform z.B. eine einläufige halbgewendelte Treppe 5 aufweisen soll, ist es erforderlich, den oberen Schalungsteil 28 dreiteilig entsprechend den vertikalen Teilungsebenen T2 und T3 auszubilden, um ein Entschalen zu ermöglichen. Durch diese Teilungsebenen werden selbstverständlich auch die Schalungswände 33, 34 und 35 jeweils in drei lösbar miteinander verbundene Abschnitte unterteilt. Die Abschnitte 28', 28" und 28'" werden beim Entschalen nacheinander entfernt, und zwar beginnend mit dem untersten, d.h. dem Tragrahmen 12 am nächsten liegenden Abschnitt 28'. Im Anschluss daran erfolgt das Entfernen des mittleren Abschnittes 28", worauf sich dann das Entfernen des obersten, vom Tragrahmen 12 am weitesten entfernt liegenden Abschnittes 28" anschliesst. Die Teilungsebenen T2 und T3 fallen bevorzugt mit den die vertikalen Flächen 9 der Treppenstufen 7 formenden Flächen 9' der Schalungswand 34 zusammen bzw. liegen im Bereich des Übergangs zwischen zwei benachbarten Flächen 8' und 9'. Die Teilungsebenen T2 und T3 können jedoch grundsätzlich auch im Bereich einer Fläche 8' vorgesehen werden. Grundsätzlich ist es jedoch erforderlich, dass die Teilungsebene T2 mit der Schalungswand 16 bzw. deren gedachter Verlängerung einen spitzen Winkel einschliesst und im übrigen den parallel zur Schalungswand 17 verlaufenden Abschnitt der Schalungswand 33 schneidet, so dass einerseits der Abschnitt 28' zum Entformen zunächst in Richtung des Pfeiles H (parallel zur Teilungsebene T2) bewegt und anschliessend in Richtung des Pfeiles I (im wesentlichen parallel zur Schalungswand 16) aus der Schalung herausgezogen werden kann, und andererseits durch das Entfernen eines Teiles der parallel zur Schalungswand 17 liegenden Schalungswand 33 ein genügender Freiraum entsteht, um den Abschnitt 28" beim Entschalen zunächst in Richtung des Pfeiles K (parallel zur Teilungsebene T2) bewegen zu können. Im Anschluss daran kann der Abschnitt 28" beispielsweise durch Anheben nach oben, oder aber durch entsprechendes Drehen und gleichzeitiges Herausziehen entlang der Schalungswand 16 entfernt werden.Since the staircase element 1 to be produced with the formwork 11 in the embodiment shown should have, for example, a single-flight half-turn staircase 5, it is necessary to design the upper formwork part 28 in three parts in accordance with the vertical division levels T2 and T3 in order to enable demoulding. By means of these dividing planes, the formwork walls 33, 34 and 35 are of course each divided into three sections which are detachably connected to one another. Sections 28 ', 28 "and 28'" are removed one after the other when stripping, starting with the lowest section 28 ', ie the section 28' closest to the support frame 12. This is followed by the removal of the middle section 28 ", which is then followed by the removal of the uppermost section 28" which is furthest away from the support frame 12. The parting planes T2 and T3 preferably coincide with the surfaces 9 'of the formwork wall 34 which form the vertical surfaces 9 of the steps 7 or lie in the region of the transition between two adjacent surfaces 8' and 9 '. The division planes T2 and T3 can in principle also be provided in the area of a surface 8 '. In principle, however, it is necessary that the parting plane T2 forms an acute angle with the formwork wall 16 or its imaginary extension and, moreover, intersect the section of the formwork wall 33 running parallel to the formwork wall 17, so that on the one hand the section 28 'for demolding initially in the direction the arrow H (parallel to the parting plane T2) and then can be pulled out of the formwork in the direction of arrow I (essentially parallel to the formwork wall 16), and on the other hand, by removing a part of the formwork wall 33 lying parallel to the formwork wall 17, there is sufficient space arises to the section 28 "when stripping first in the direction of arrow K to be able to move (parallel to the division plane T2). Subsequently, the section 28 ″ can be removed, for example, by lifting it upwards, or by correspondingly rotating and simultaneously pulling it out along the formwork wall 16.

Der Verlauf für die vertikale Teilungsebene T3 ist so gewählt, dass diese den der Schalungswand 18 benachbart liegenden Schnitt der Schalungswand 33 unter einem spitzen Winkel, beispielsweise unter einem Winkel von 50° schneidet, und zwar in einem gewissen Abstand von der Übergangsstelle zwischen dem parallel zur Schalungswand 18 liegenden Teil und dem parallel zur Schalungswand 17 liegenden Teil der Scha- iungswand33,sodassderAbschnitt28'"zunächst in Richtung des Pfeiles L auf die Schalungswand 17 zu bewegt und dann zum endgültigen Entfernen aus der Schalung 11 herausgehoben bzw. durch Drehen herausgezogen werden kann, ohne dass auch hier das Entschalen insbesondere durch die Innenflächen der Betonwände sowie durch die Flächen 9 der Treppe 5 des fertiggestellten Treppenhauselementes behindert wird.The course for the vertical parting plane T3 is selected such that it intersects the section of the formwork wall 33 lying adjacent to the formwork wall 18 at an acute angle, for example at an angle of 50 °, at a certain distance from the transition point between the parallel to the Formwork wall 18 and the part of the formwork wall 33 lying parallel to the formwork wall 17, so that the section 28 '"can first be moved in the direction of the arrow L towards the formwork wall 17 and then lifted out of the formwork 11 for final removal or pulled out by turning, without the shuttering being hindered here in particular by the inner surfaces of the concrete walls and by the surfaces 9 of the stairs 5 of the finished stairwell element.

Die Herstellung des Treppenhauselementes 1 mit der Schalung 11 lässt sich wie folgt beschreiben:The production of the stairwell element 1 with the formwork 11 can be described as follows:

Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich die Schalung 11 in ihrem zusammengebauten Zustand befindet und mit ihrem Tragrahmen 12 auf einem Rütteltisch steht. Weiterhin wird davon ausgegangen, dass die erforderliche Eisenarmierung vor dem Schliessen bzw. vor dem Zusammenbau der Schalung 11 in diese eingebracht wurde. In den zwischen den Schalungswänden 16, 17, 18, 29 und 33 gebildeten und an der Oberseite der Schalung offenen Formraum wird Beton eingebracht. Durch die Rüttelbewegung des Rütteltisches wird dieser Beton verdichtet und fliesst gleichzeitig auch in den zwischen den Schalungswänden 31, 34 und 35 gebildeten Formraum für die Treppe 5, wobei in diesem Formraum vorhandene Luft durch Öffnungen 37 entweichen kann, die in den Flächen 8' in der Nähe der Schalungswand 35 vorgesehen sind. Durch die Öffnungen 37 kann auch kontrolliert werden, ob sich der zwischen den Schalungswänden 31, 34 und 35 gebildete Formraum vollständig mit Beton gefüllt hat.It is assumed that the formwork 11 is in its assembled state and is on a vibrating table with its support frame 12. Furthermore, it is assumed that the required iron reinforcement was inserted into the formwork 11 before it was closed or assembled. Concrete is introduced into the mold space formed between the formwork walls 16, 17, 18, 29 and 33 and open at the top of the formwork. Through the shaking movement of the shaking table, this concrete is compacted and at the same time flows into the mold space for the stairs 5 formed between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35, air present in this mold space being able to escape through openings 37, which in the surfaces 8 'in the Proximity to the formwork wall 35 are provided. The openings 37 can also be used to check whether the molding space formed between the formwork walls 31, 34 and 35 has completely filled with concrete.

Nach Ablauf der erforderlichen Abbinde-Zeit für den Beton werden die oberen Tragschienen 36 abgenommen und die Schalungswände 16,17 und 18 werden entsprechend den Pfeilen E zur Seite geklappt bzw. ganz entfernt, und zwar nach einem Lösen der Winkelstücke 22 und 26. Gleichzeitig wird auch der Rahmen 23 abgenommen, so dass das gegossene Treppenhauselement 1 zumindest an seiner Aussenfläche entschalt ist.After the required setting time for the concrete, the upper support rails 36 are removed and the formwork walls 16, 17 and 18 are folded aside according to the arrows E or completely removed, namely after loosening the angle pieces 22 and 26. At the same time the frame 23 is also removed, so that the cast staircase element 1 is detached at least on its outer surface.

Anschliessend kann beispielsweise mit dem Entschalen des Innenschalungsteils 28 bzw. mit dem Entschalen der Abschnitte 28', 28", 28'" begonnen werden, und zwar in der Art und Weise und Reihenfolge, wie dies bereits oben erwähnt wurde, selbstverständlich nach dem Lösen entsprechender Verbindungselemente zwischen diesen Abschnitten und auch solchen zwischen der Schalungswand 35 und der Wand 30.The formwork of the inner formwork part 28 or the formwork of the sections 28 ', 28 ", 28'" can then be started, for example, in the manner and sequence as mentioned above, of course after releasing it Connecting elements between these sections and also those between the formwork wall 35 and the wall 30.

Zum Entschalen des unteren Innenschalungsteils 27 wird nach dem Lösen entsprechender Verbindungselemente des im Abschnitt 27" in der oben beschriebenen Weise aus der Schalung und unter der Treppe 5 des Treppenhauselementes 1 herausgezogen. Das weitere Entschalen folgt dann dadurch, dass das Treppenhauselement 1 etwa in Richtung des Pfeiles M, d.h. schräg zu den Abschnitten der Schalungswand 29 nach aussen weg bewegt wird, die (Abschnitte) ursprünglich parallel zu den Schalungswänden 16 und 17 lagen. Sobald die Innenflächen der Betonwände 2 und 3 einen genügenden Abstand von der Schalungswand 29 aufweisen, kann das Treppenhauselement 1 vom Tragrahmen 12 abgenommen werden.To remove the formwork from the lower inner formwork part 27, after loosening the corresponding connecting elements in section 27 "in the manner described above, it is pulled out of the formwork and under the stairs 5 of the stairwell element 1. The further formwork removal then follows in that the stairwell element 1 roughly in the direction of Arrow M, ie is moved outwards obliquely to the sections of the formwork wall 29, which (sections) were originally parallel to the formwork walls 16 and 17. As soon as the inner surfaces of the concrete walls 2 and 3 have a sufficient distance from the formwork wall 29, this can Stairwell element 1 can be removed from the support frame 12.

Während mit der Schalung 11 das Treppenhauselement sozusagen aufrechtstehend gegossen wird, wobei alle Betonwände 2, 3 und 4 mit ihren Oberflächenseiten in vertikalen Ebenen liegen, wobei auch die Richtung der Steigung der Treppe 5 in der vertikalen Achse verläuft, zeigen die Fig. 11 und 12 eine Schalung 40, mit der das Treppenhauselement 1 liegend gefertigt wird, d.h. die Richtung der Steigung der Treppe 5 liegt in einer horizontalen Achse. Die Schalung 40 unterscheidet sich von der Schalung 11 im Prinzip nur dadurch, dass die der Schalungswand 17 entsprechende Schalungswand 17' mit ihren Oberflächenseiten in einer horizontalen Ebene angeordnet und unmittelbar auf dem Tragrahmen 12 aufliegt und dort befestigt ist. Die den Schalungswänden 16 und 18 entsprechenden Schalungswände 16' und 18' sind an ihrer Unterkante bzw. im Bereich des Übergangs zu der Schalungswand 17 an dieser bzw. am Tragrahmen 12 angelenkt und/oder abnehmbar befestigt. Die Spindeln 21 halten die Schalungswände 16' und 18' bei zusammengebauter Schalung wieder in ihrer vertikalen Stellung. Die Aussenschalung 16', 17' und 18' bildet somit auch bei der Schalung 40 eine U-förmige Struktur, allerdings nicht wie bei der Schalung 11 in einer horizontalen Querschnittsebene, sondern in einer um 90° gedrehten Querschnittsebene, nämlich in einer vertikalen Querschnittsebene, so dass die Aussenschalung einen nach oben hin offenen U-förmigen oder trogartigen Raum begrenzt.11 and 12, while the formwork 11 casts the stairwell element upright, so to speak, with all the concrete walls 2, 3 and 4 lying with their surface sides in vertical planes, the direction of the slope of the stairs 5 also being in the vertical axis a formwork 40 with which the stairwell element 1 is manufactured lying, ie the direction of the slope of the stairs 5 lies in a horizontal axis. The formwork 40 differs from the formwork 11 in principle only in that the formwork wall 17 'corresponding to the formwork wall 17 is arranged with its surface sides in a horizontal plane and rests directly on the supporting frame 12 and is fastened there. The formwork walls 16 'and 18' corresponding to the formwork walls 16 and 18 are articulated on their lower edge or in the region of the transition to the formwork wall 17 on the latter or on the support frame 12 and / or are detachably fastened. The spindles 21 hold the formwork walls 16 'and 18' back in their vertical position when the formwork is assembled. The outer formwork 16 ', 17' and 18 'thus also forms a U-shaped structure in the formwork 40, but not in a horizontal cross-sectional plane as in the formwork 11, but in a cross-sectional plane rotated by 90 °, namely in a vertical cross-sectional plane, so that the outer formwork delimits a U-shaped or trough-like space that is open at the top.

Die Schalung 40 unterscheidet sich von der Schalung 11 weiterhin grundsätzlich dadurch, dass auch die Innenschalungsteile 27 und 28, von denen in den Fig. 11 und 12 der einfacheren Darstellung wegen lediglich Innenschalungsteile 28 gezeigt sind, gegenüber der Schalung 11 ebenfalls um 90° gedreht in die Aussenschalung eingesetzt und dort durch geeignete Trag- und Befestigungselemente, z.B. durch Tragschienen 36', die sich auf der Oberkante der Schalungswände 16' und 18' abstützen, gehalten sind. An den beiden Stirnseiten der Schalung 40 ist der zwischen den Schalungswänden 16', 17', 18', einerseits und den Schalungswänden 29 und 33 der Innenschalungsteile 27 und 28, andererseits gebildete Formraum durch stirnseitige Schalungswände 41 verschlossen. Ausserdem fehlen bei der Schalung 40 die Öffnungen 37 in den Flächen 8' des Innenschalungsteils 28. Ansonsten sind die Innenschalungsteile 27 und 28 bei der Schalung 40 in gleicher Weise ausgebildet, wie dies oben für die Schalung 11 beschrieben wurde. Die Schalung 40 hat den Vorteil, dass mit ihr bei entsprechend langer Ausbildung der Aussenschalung 16'/17'/18' und bei Verwendung von mehreren Innenschalungsteilen 27 und 28, derenSchalungswände 33 und 29 so miteinander verbunden sind, dass sich ausserhalb der Formräume für Treppen 5 eine durchgehende, parallel zu den Schalungswänden 16', 17', 18'ver)aufendedurch- gehende Schalungswand oder -fläche ergibt, Treppenhauselemente gefertigt werden können, die abweichend von der Ausführungsform gemäss den Fig. 1-3 mehrere Treppen 5 aufweisen, die einstückig mit angrenzenden Betonwänden hergestellt sind. Durch Verwendung eines zusätzlichen, in die Aussenschalung 16'/17'/18' eingesetzten Schalungselementes 42, welches im wesentlichen vier Schalungswände 43, 44, 45 bzw. 46 bildet, die jeweils im Abstand und parallel zur Schalungswand 16' bzw. 17' bzw. 18' bzw. parallel und im Abstand zu einer Schalungswand 41 liegen, und welches mit seinen Schalungswänden 43, 44 und 45 die Fortsetzung der Schalungswand 33 des die oberste Treppe 5 formenden Innenschalungsteils 28 bildet, ist es mit der Schalung 40 auch möglich, ein Treppenhauselement mit einer oder mehreren Treppen 5 zugleich einstückig mit einem dachartigen Abschnitt zu fertigen, wie dies in der Fig. 2 mit den unterbrochenen Linien 48 angedeutet ist. Weiterhin können die stirnseitigen Schalungswände 41 in Richtung senkrecht zu ihren Oberflächenseiten innerhalb der Aussenschalung verschoben bzw. in unterschiedlichen Positionen befestigt werden, wie dies in der Fig. 11 mit den Doppelpfeilen N angegeben ist, so dass mit der Schalung 40 Treppenhauselemente mit unterschiedlicher Höhe, mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl von Treppen 5, mit oder ohne den dachartigen Abschnitt 48 usw. in ein und derselben Schalung hergestellt werden können, d.h. die Schalung 40 gestattet in besonders einfacher Weise eine Anpassung an die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse.The formwork 40 also differs fundamentally from the formwork 11 in that the inner formwork parts 27 and 28, of which only inner formwork parts 28 are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 for the sake of simplicity, are also rotated by 90 ° in relation to the formwork 11 the outer formwork is used and held there by suitable support and fastening elements, for example by support rails 36 ', which are supported on the upper edge of the formwork walls 16' and 18 '. On the two end faces of the formwork 40 is between the formwork walls 16 ', 17', 18 ', on the one hand and the formwork walls 29 and 33 of the inner formwork parts 27 and 28, on the other hand ge formed mold space closed by front formwork walls 41. In addition, the openings 37 in the surfaces 8 'of the inner formwork part 28 are missing in the formwork 40. Otherwise, the inner formwork parts 27 and 28 in the formwork 40 are designed in the same way as was described above for the formwork 11. The formwork 40 has the advantage that with a correspondingly long design of the outer formwork 16 '/ 17' / 18 'and when using a plurality of inner formwork parts 27 and 28, the formwork walls 33 and 29 are connected to one another in such a way that outside the molding spaces for stairs 5 results in a continuous formwork wall or surface running parallel to the formwork walls 16 ', 17', 18'ver), stairwell elements can be manufactured which, in deviation from the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-3, have several stairways 5 which are made in one piece with adjacent concrete walls. By using an additional formwork element 42 inserted into the outer formwork 16 '/ 17' / 18 ', which essentially forms four formwork walls 43, 44, 45 and 46, each spaced and parallel to the formwork wall 16' or 17 'or 18 'or parallel and at a distance from a formwork wall 41, and which with its formwork walls 43, 44 and 45 forms the continuation of the formwork wall 33 of the inner formwork part 28 forming the uppermost staircase 5, it is also possible with the formwork 40 To manufacture staircase element with one or more stairs 5 at the same time in one piece with a roof-like section, as is indicated in FIG. 2 by the broken lines 48. Furthermore, the formwork walls 41 on the end face can be displaced in the direction perpendicular to their surface sides within the outer formwork or fastened in different positions, as indicated in FIG. 11 by the double arrows N, so that 40 formwork elements with different heights are included with the formwork different numbers of stairs 5, with or without the roof-like section 48, etc. can be produced in one and the same formwork, ie the formwork 40 allows adaptation to the respective needs in a particularly simple manner.

Die Fig. 13 und 14 zeigen zwei weitere Ausführungsformen eines Treppenhauselementes 1' bzw. 1 ", wobei bei dem Treppenhauselement 1' der Fig. 13 die Betonwand 3 teilweise zur Bildung eines Fensters 49 ausgespart wurde. Bei dem Treppenhauselement 1" ist die Betonwand 2 vollständig entfallen, während die Betonwände 3 und 4 bei 50 und 51 (beispielsweise wiederum zur Erzeugung von Fensteröffnungen) teilweise ausgespart wurden. Diese Aussparungen können entweder durch Einbringen üblicher Aussparungselemente in die Schalung 11 bzw. 40 erreicht werden, oder aber dadurch, dass die einander benachbart liegenden Schalungswände 16, 17, 18 bzw. 16', 17', 18' und 29 sowie 33 am Rand einer gewünschten Aussparung zusätzlich durch eine Quer- oder Hilfswand miteinander verbunden werden.13 and 14 show two further embodiments of a staircase element 1 'and 1 ", respectively, in the case of the staircase element 1' of FIG. 13 the concrete wall 3 has been partially recessed to form a window 49. In the staircase element 1" the concrete wall 2 completely eliminated, while the concrete walls 3 and 4 at 50 and 51 (for example, again to create window openings) were partially left out. These recesses can either be achieved by introducing conventional recess elements into the formwork 11 or 40, or else by the formwork walls 16, 17, 18 or 16 ', 17', 18 'and 29 and 33 lying adjacent to one another at the edge of a desired recess can also be connected to each other by a transverse or auxiliary wall.

Die Fig.15 zeigt ein Treppenhauselement 1"', bei welchem die die Treppe 5 an ihrem Aussenumfang umgebende Wand nicht aus drei senkrecht zueinander verlaufenden Betonwänden besteht, sondern eine einzige, teilweise gekrümmte Betonwand 47 ist. Zur Herstellung dieses Treppenhauselementes 1 "' werden eine entsprechend teilweise gewölbte Aussenschalung sowie Innenschalungsteile 27 und 28 verwendet, deren Schalungswände 29 und 33 ebenfalls dem Verlauf der Betonwand 47 entsprechend teilweise gewölbt sind.15 shows a staircase element 1 "', in which the wall surrounding the stairs 5 on its outer circumference does not consist of three perpendicular concrete walls, but is a single, partially curved concrete wall 47. To produce this staircase element 1"' one Correspondingly partially curved outer formwork and inner formwork parts 27 and 28 are used, the formwork walls 29 and 33 of which are also partially curved in accordance with the course of the concrete wall 47.

Es ist beispielsweise auch möglich, das mit der Schalung 40 hergestellte Treppenhauselement bzw. diese Schaltung so auszubilden, dass bei dem dachartigen Abschnitt 48 das eigentliche Dachelement bzw. der obere dachartige Abschnitt entfällt oder als Dach mit wenigstens einer Dachschräge ausgebildet ist.It is also possible, for example, to design the staircase element or this circuit manufactured with the formwork 40 such that the actual roof element or the upper roof-like section is omitted in the roof-like section 48 or is designed as a roof with at least one roof slope.

Claims (12)

1. Process for producing a staircase element (1) with at least one concrete U-shaped or curved flight of stairs (5) having a plurality of steps, and with an outer limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47) of the staircase element, the said limiting wall at least partially surrounding the flight of stairs on its outer periphery, extending in the direction of ascent of the flight of stairs (5), likewise being made of concrete, reaching from the bottom edge of the staircase element (1) to the top edge and, together with the U-shaped or curved flight of stairs (7), forming a self-supporting unit, characterized in that the flight of stairs (5), together with the limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47), is produced in one casting in a single mould.
2. Mould for producing a staircase element (1 ) with at least one concrete U-shaped or curved flight of stairs (5) having a plurality of steps (7), and with an outer limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47) of the staircase element (1), the said limiting all at least partially surrounding the flight of stairs (5) on its outer periphery, extending in the direction of ascent of the flight of stairs (5), likewise being made of concrete and reaching from the bottom edge of the staircase element (1) to the top edge, wherein, in order to produce the flight of stairs (5), together with the limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47), in one casting, the mould has an outer mould (16, 17, 18, 23; 16', 17', 18', 41 ) and an inner mould (27, 28) which between them form a first mould cavity for the limiting wall (2, 3, 4; 47) and at least one second mould cavity for the flight of stairs (5), the inner mould (27, 28) being made in at least two parts, and a first part (27) of this limiting the first mould cavity and a second mould surface which limits the second mould cavity on the underside of the flight of stairs (5) and which extends from a first edge of the first mould surface (29) into the middle region of the mould (11,40), and the second part (28) of the inner mould (second inner-mould part) having a third mould surface (33) limiting the first mould cavity and several fourth mould surfaces (8', 9') which at least partially limit the second mould cavity in the region of the stair steps (7) and which extend from a first edge of the third mould surface (33) into the middle region of the mould (11,40).
3. Mould according to Claim 2, wherein the fourth mould surfaces are formed by several successive surface portions (8', 9') arranged respectively perpendicularly or transversely relative to one another, and the fourth mould surfaces preferably form a continuous mould wall (34) of a shape resembling that of a flight of stairs.
4. Mould according to Claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one inner-mould part (27, 28) itself is made in at least two parts or consists of at least two portions (27', 27"; 28', 28", 28",).
5. Mould according to one of Claims 2-4, wherein the inner mould has, on at least one inner-mould part (28), an additional mould wall (35) which limits the second mould cavity towards the inner edge (5") of the flight of stairs.
6. Mould according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein the first inner-mould part (27) is subdivided into at least two portions (27,27") by means of at least one parting plane (T1).
7. Mould according to one of Claims 4-6, wherein the second inner-mould part (28) is subdivided into at least two portions (28', 28", 28"') by means of at least one parting plane (T2, T3), and wherein preferably especially for producing a single half-spiral flight of stairs and/or a single halfspiral portion of a flight of stairs, the second inner-mould part (28) or the inner-mould part (28) serving for moulding this staircase element is subdivided into three portions (28', 28", 28"') by means of two parting planes (T2, T3).
8. Mould according to one of Claims 6 and 7, wherein the at least one parting plane (T1, T2, T3) intersects the first and/or third mould surface (29, 33) at an acute angle.
9. Mould according to one of Claims 2-8, wherein the inner mould is formed from several first and second inner-mould parts (27, 28), and wherein preferably at least one first inner-mould part (27) is connected, by means of a second edge located opposite its first edge, to the second edge of a second inner-mould part (28) located opposite the first edge of this second inner-mould part.
10. Mould according to one of Claims 2-9, wherein the first mould surface (29) of the first inner-mould part (27) and the third mould surface (33) of the second inner-mould part (28) extend respectively in the vertical direction over their entire region.
11. Mould according to one of Claims 2-10, wherein the first mould surface (29) of the first inner-mould part (27) and the third mould surface (33) of the second inner-mould part (28) are in a horizontal plane at least in a part region, and wherein preferably at least a part region (17') of the outer mould is in a horizontal plane.
12. Mould according to one of Claims 2-11, wherein the outer mould (16,17,18; 16', 17', 18') and the inner mould (27, 28) are fastened to a support or supporting frame (12) so that they can be at least partially removed and/or swung away.
EP84113463A 1983-11-12 1984-11-08 Method to manufacture a building staircase or a staircase element, shuttering for carrying out this method Expired EP0148363B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84113463T ATE33280T1 (en) 1983-11-12 1984-11-08 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A STAIRCASE OR STAIR ELEMENT FOR BUILDINGS, FORMWORK FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3341057 1983-11-12
DE19833341057 DE3341057A1 (en) 1983-11-12 1983-11-12 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING STAIR OR A STAIRWAY ELEMENT, SHUTTER FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD AND STAIRWAY ELEMENT OBTAINED BY THE METHOD

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148363A1 EP0148363A1 (en) 1985-07-17
EP0148363B1 true EP0148363B1 (en) 1988-03-30

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EP84113463A Expired EP0148363B1 (en) 1983-11-12 1984-11-08 Method to manufacture a building staircase or a staircase element, shuttering for carrying out this method

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AT (1) ATE33280T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3341057A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3835790C1 (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-11-16 Heinrich Schaper Hoch-, Beton- Und Stahlbeton Gmbh, 3160 Lehrte, De
NL9400640A (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-12-01 Unigoed Vastgoedlease B V Method for building a building accessible to people and building elements for such a building.
DE29911369U1 (en) * 1999-07-01 1999-09-16 Theves, Herbert, 01665 Zehren Quarter and half-turn stairs
EP1424458A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-02 Léon-Edouard Desmarets Shuttering element and its method of production
DE202009013431U1 (en) 2009-10-05 2010-02-11 Udw-Treppen E.K. Stair module formwork for coiled in-situ concrete stairs
CN109441031B (en) * 2018-12-18 2023-11-14 中铁建工集团有限公司 Structure Liang Yincang type overhanging type open rotary stair structure and construction method thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR365299A (en) * 1906-04-14 1906-09-06 Auguste Fabre Stair construction
FR1345774A (en) * 1962-11-03 1963-12-13 D Ensembles Tech Soc Et Method of constructing buildings by three-dimensional prefabricated elements and elements used for this construction
US3281110A (en) * 1965-10-22 1966-10-25 Glenn F Lister Mold for precast concrete step construction
GB1221973A (en) * 1968-04-26 1971-02-10 Concrete Ltd Staircase unit and a mould for making said unit
NL7403733A (en) * 1973-03-28 1974-10-01
AU505489B2 (en) * 1976-05-24 1979-11-22 Western Bridge Constructions Pty. Limit; D Precast staircase
CA1093335A (en) * 1978-07-31 1981-01-13 Zenon A. Zielinski Prefabricated stairway module

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DE3341057A1 (en) 1985-05-23
ATE33280T1 (en) 1988-04-15
EP0148363A1 (en) 1985-07-17

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