EP0506603B1 - Monolithic cell and method for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method for making a monolithic concrete cell with a floor and four surrounding walls by means of a collapsible shuttering core with a fixed ceiling level, four corner posts or similar corner elements, at least four wall form panels as well as movable outer form walls, there are concreted monolithically onto the surrounding walls (14) of the cell console strips (24) projecting inwardly towards the regions opposite the wall form panels (60) and, during collapsing of the shuttering core, the wall form panels are first drawn in by a distance (n) and then the corner posts (58) are drawn in by a dimension (f), the distance (n) being selected to be larger than the console dimension (t) of the console strip and the dimension (f) being smaller than the difference dimension of the distance (n) minus the console dimension (t). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a monolithic room cell and a method for its production according to the preambles of the independent claims.

A method for producing monolithic concrete room cells by means of core formwork and outer formwork walls, in which the floor and surrounding walls are concreted from a single casting in a single manufacturing step can be found, for example, in DE-A-24 00 390.

It is also known, e.g. from FR-A-2 565 885 concrete consoles to be cast in monolithic form. Since the outer formwork walls can be comfortably moved down from all four sides of the room cell, there is no need to consider attaching concrete brackets to the outside of the surrounding walls of the room cells. In contrast, in the case of monolithic concrete consoles protruding inwards, the folding of the formwork core, which forms the space enveloped by the room cell, is very difficult.

Knowing these conditions, the inventor set himself the goal of improving the equipment of room cells with consoles and of proposing an inexpensive method for this.

To solve this problem, the teaching of claim 1 leads to the method; In order to be able to introduce undamaged console strips protruding inwards into the room cell and, above all, to remove the formwork and to lift the room cell from the core formwork at different centers of gravity of the room cell, which are caused by the various arrangements of doors and recesses in the outer walls, the described one is required inventive method solution.

On the surrounding walls of the room cell, monolithic concreting is carried out on the inward-facing areas of the console facing the wall control panels, and when the formwork core is folded, the wall control panels are first drawn in by a distance n and then the corner posts by a dimension f, the distance n being chosen larger than the cantilever t the console bar and the dimension f smaller than the difference dimension of the distance n minus the cantilever dimension t. In addition, a circumferential base strip is to be molded into the corner formed by the floor of the room cell and its surrounding walls, the width i of which is parallel to the floor and selected to be greater than the distance n.

It has proven to be advantageous to choose the draw-in dimension f for the corner posts shorter than the cantilever dimension t for the console bar. The core formwork - or at least parts of it - is preferably slightly lowered when stripping against a desk surface of the console bar.

According to the invention, a concrete room cell with monolithically concreted, inwardly protruding console ledges on its surrounding walls is produced according to the teaching of claim 7. These each have a ridge surface that is parallel to the floor and opposite this one to the surrounding wall inclined desk surface. A plurality of console strips can also be monolithically formed at intervals parallel to one another over the height of the surrounding walls of the room cell.

According to a further feature of the invention, in the space cell in the corners formed by the floor and at least a part of the surrounding walls, a bottom bar, which in turn is cast on monolithically, preferably has a bar surface approximately parallel to the floor and an inner surface inclined thereto.

For this purpose, it has proven to be advantageous that the width of the ridge surface is smaller than the width of the strip surface of the base strip, preferably approximately half the width. The console bar should end at a distance from the wall corners, the u. a. is determined by the legs of angular corner swords.

According to the invention, the wall control panels, which are preferably equipped with vertical stiffening bodies, have shaped channels for the console strips in appropriately shaped formwork channels which are conically shaped at the end for better demoulding.

Thanks to a special design of the console strips, the installation of intermediate or transverse walls made of concrete is possible without temporary inclined supports; the console strips are each divided into two sections by a recess, the recesses being vertically aligned with one another in the case of a plurality of console strips provided one above the other. The partitions or transverse walls can then - fixed there - be inserted into the gap (s) in the console bar / s.

In a special embodiment, at least one monolithically cast-on threshold which crosses the cell space and tapers upwards extends between two surrounding walls of the room cell. This serves primarily as an oil threshold against leaking transformer oil or as a base for partition walls. The height of the threshold should measure at least twice the height of the baseboard.

In the formwork according to the invention for this embodiment, a formwork box for the threshold near the formwork parts for the baseboard has a step which is formed by a slide board which is arranged to be movable with a wall slider and a bottom formwork strip resting on the strip surface relative to the formwork.

Further features can be found in the subclaims.

Fig.1:

einen Längsschnitt durch eine als Transformationsstation od. dgl. dienende Raumzelle;

Fig. 2:

einen Teil einer geschnittenen Draufsicht auf die Raumzelle;

Fig. 3:

ein vergrößertes Detail der Fig. 1;

Fig. 4:

eine Schrägsicht in eine Ecke der Raumzelle;

Fig. 5:

einen Längsschnitt durch eine andere Raumzelle;

Fig. 6:

eine Schrägsicht in die Raumzelle der Fig. 5 unter Vernachlässigung zweier Wände;

Fig. 7:

eine axonometrische Schnittfigur zu Fig. 5 nach deren Linie VII - VII;

Fig. 8:

die Raumzelle der Fig. 7 in verändertem Zustand;

Fig. 9:

eine weitere Raumzelle in einer der Fig. 7 entsprechenden Wiedergabe;

Fig. 10:

eine Schrägsicht auf einen Teil einer Raumzelle;

Fig. 11:

eine Schrägsicht auf eine andere Raumzelle;

Fig. 12, Fig. 13:

Längsschnitt zu und Draufsicht auf die Raumzelle nach Fig. 11;

Fig. 14, Fig. 15:

Längsschnitt und Draufsicht auf eine andere Raumzelle;

Fig. 16:

eine Schrägsicht zu Fig. 14, 15;

Fig. 17:

eine Skizze von Schalungsteilen für ein Herstellungsverfahren;

Fig. 18:

eine Schrägsicht auf einen Schalungskern der Fig. 17;

Fig. 19:

einen Längsschnitt durch Fig. 18 nach deren Linie XIX - XIX;

Fig. 20:

ein vergrößertes Detail aus Fig. 19;

Fig. 21:

einen vergrößerten Horizontalschnitt durch einen Teil der Fig. 18 nach deren Linie XXI - XXI;

Fig. 22:

einen vergrößerten Schemaschnitt durch einen Schalungskern der Fig. 18 nach deren Schnittlinie XXII-XXII;

Fig. 23:

den Querschnitt durch Fig. 22 nach deren Schnittlinie XXIII - XXIII;

Fig. 24, Fig. 25:

den Fig. 22, 23 entsprechende Wiedergaben des Schalungskerns in einer anderen Betriebsstellung;

Fig. 26:

eine geschnittene Draufsicht auf einen Eckbereich der Schalung;

Fig. 27:

eine Schrägsicht auf einen Teil einer Raumzelle mit einer Ölschwelle;

Fig. 28:

einen Längsschnitt durch ein Schalungselement zu Fig. 27 - etwa geschnitten in Linie XXVIII-XXVIII der Fig. 29;

Fig. 29:

eine Schrägsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Schalung;

Fig. 30:

eine andere Schrägsicht zu Fig. 29.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing, which shows in:

Fig.1:

a longitudinal section through a serving as a transformation station or the like.

Fig. 2:

part of a sectional plan view of the room cell;

Fig. 3:

an enlarged detail of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4:

an oblique view into a corner of the room cell;

Fig. 5:

a longitudinal section through another room cell;

Fig. 6:

an oblique view of the room of Figure 5, neglecting two walls.

Fig. 7:

an axonometric sectional figure of Figure 5 along the line VII - VII.

Fig. 8:

7 in a changed state;

Fig. 9:

a further spatial cell in a representation corresponding to FIG. 7;

Fig. 10:

an oblique view of part of a room cell;

Fig. 11:

an oblique view of another room cell;

Fig. 12, Fig. 13:

Longitudinal section to and top view of the spatial cell of FIG. 11;

Fig. 14, Fig. 15:

Longitudinal section and top view of another room cell;

Fig. 16:

an oblique view of Fig. 14, 15;

Fig. 17:

a sketch of formwork parts for a manufacturing process;

Fig. 18:

an oblique view of a formwork core of Fig. 17;

Fig. 19:

a longitudinal section through Figure 18 along the line XIX - XIX.

Fig. 20:

an enlarged detail of Fig. 19;

Fig. 21:

an enlarged horizontal section through part of Figure 18 along the line XXI - XXI.

Fig. 22:

an enlarged schematic section through a formwork core of Figure 18 along the section line XXII-XXII.

Fig. 23:

the cross section through Figure 22 along the section line XXIII - XXIII.

Fig. 24, Fig. 25:

22, 23 corresponding reproductions of the formwork core in a different operating position;

Fig. 26:

a sectional plan view of a corner area of the formwork;

Fig. 27:

an oblique view of a part of a room cell with an oil sill;

Fig. 28:

a longitudinal section through a formwork element to Figure 27 - approximately cut in line XXVIII-XXVIII of Fig. 29;

Fig. 29:

an oblique view of a section of the formwork;

Fig. 30:

another oblique view to FIG. 29.

1 shows a spatial cell 10 with a clear length a of, for example, 6380 mm from a floor 12 with a thickness b of approximately 100 mm and from longitudinal and transverse walls 14, 16.

At the transition from the floor 12 to the longitudinal and transverse walls 14, 16, also referred to below as peripheral walls, a circumferential molding is provided as a bottom bar 18, the height e of which corresponds approximately to the bottom thickness b. This projection 18 of a lower width g of here 133 mm forms one ledge surface 19 parallel to the floor surface 13, which defines a peripheral edge 20. A cross-sectionally inclined inner surface 21 of the molding or base strip 18 runs from this to the bottom surface 13.

The width i of that strip surface 19 measures approximately 110 mm, and its edge 20 projects in the selected exemplary embodiment a free end face 22 of a console strip 24 formed in each case from the longitudinal and transverse walls 14, 16 towards the cell interior 15 by approximately 50 mm. The greatest height q of the console strip 24 in the region of the adjacent surrounding wall 14 or 16 is 180 mm in the selected exemplary embodiment, its smallest height q 1 is approximately 110 mm; the lower surface 26 of the console strip 24 is inclined upwards like a desk to the end surface 22 - which runs at a distance or with a cantilever t from the inner surface of the integrally formed surrounding wall 14 or 16. The ridge surface 28 of the console strip 24 serving as a support is at a distance h of approximately 700 mm from the floor surface 13.

The console strip 24 also maintains a horizontal distance k of approximately 500 mm from the vertical corners of the room cells 17.

According to FIGS. 5 to 7, a plurality of console strips 24 can in each case be formed monolithically on top of one another on the longitudinal walls 14 and / or the transverse walls 16 and in FIG. 8 accommodate support supports 30 parallel to the floor 12 of the room cell 10a. Not shown is an embodiment according to the invention with a console strip running on its peripheral wall 14 or 16 inclined to its lower or upper edge, that is to say inclined.

The room cell 10 _b of FIG. 9 is equipped with an integrally formed ceiling 32 instead of with a floor 12; the room cells 10 _c , 10 _d of FIGS. 10 to 13 each offer a transverse partition 34 which is inserted into corresponding recesses 36 of the bottom strips 18 and console strips 24 formed on opposite sides; these recesses 36 result from the fact that bottom strip 18 and console strip 24 are interrupted to a length m to form strip sections 18 _a , 18 _b and 24 _a , 24 _b .

In FIGS. 11 to 16, door cutouts 40 for doors 42 are provided above a level of the room cell 10 _d , 10 _e determined by console strips 24, in the room cell 10 _e of FIG. 15 a central wall 44 can also be seen, which is located between one of the Cross walls 16 and the parallel intermediate wall 34 extends and sits in recesses 36 of the console strips 24 and the bottom strips 18.

The room cell 10 - and correspondingly the room cell 10 _a to 10 _e - is cast using a formwork core 50 and external switch panels 52 which can be moved up to it. 17, 18, the formwork core 50 rests on supports which are not shown, is surrounded by a circumferential floor frame 54 and can carry outwardly projecting inserts 56 for the door cutouts 40 mentioned.

The formwork core 50 is foldable and has four corner swords or corner posts 58, each of which adjoins two adjacent wall panels 60 in such a way that the cross-sectional length u of one leg 59 of the corner posts 58 is slightly shorter than the distance k mentioned. FIG. 21 shows that the corner sword 58 is connected by a notched vertical profile 57, FIG. 26 shows a form of the diagonal support 55 for the corner sword 58.

The formwork core 50 is completed by a ceiling mirror 62 as an inner shuttering for the bottom 12 of the space cell 10, and preferably made of wooden wall panels 60 are shown in FIG 19 by vertical -. Angle iron 63 _a and trough sections 63 _b having - stator 63 as Aussteifungskörper reinforced and provided with - parallel to the ceiling mirror 62 - shaped channels 64, the cross section of which corresponds to that of the console strips 24. The form channels 64 run in welded-on formwork channels 68 made of folded sheet metal (FIG. 20) and their ends 70 taper conically, thanks to the inserted wedge elements 71.

The upper edges 61 of the wall panels 60 of the formwork core 50 form, together with an oblique edge 66 of the ceiling mirror 62 located at the top in FIGS. 22, 24, the formwork walls for the base strip 18.

The recesses 36 between the console ledges portions 24 _a, 24 are inserted into the shuttering trough 68 _b - determines recess former - neglected in the drawing. The latter are fixed to screw sleeves or the like fastening devices of the formwork channel 68.

When the formwork core 50 is folded, the wall panels 60 are first drawn in by a distance n - here 100 mm - in the direction of the arrow x and then the corner posts 58 by a dimension f of 35 mm. That distance n - and correspondingly the horizontal width i of the bottom bar 18 - is greater than the cantilever dimension t of the console bar 24, the dimension f is smaller than the difference dimension of the distance n less that cantilever dimension t of 60 mm (n - t = 40 mm ). These requirements ensure that the room cell 10 is lifted upwards by means of a crane and crossbar, even with the most varied of focal points and the resulting skewed positions, when it is pulled out of the core is guided on the corner posts 58 so that the console strips 24, which are still made of little solid concrete, cannot be broken off.

FIGS. 27 to 29 show a special embodiment of a room cell 10 _f - with a base 12 molded onto the cell walls 14, 16 - or the formwork thereof. Together with the base strip 18 there is a floor 12 between two parallel longitudinal walls 14 Wall strips 46 - in particular an oil sill 46 - with an upwardly tapering cross-section of the upper width i 1 of about 100 mm, the height of which p measures about twice the last height e. This oil sill 46 delimits a drip pan, for example for transformer oil, and merges into a connection body 48 near the bottom bar 18, forming a shoulder-like shoulder 47 of the height or width c inclined at an angle y. This results from a special formwork, which favors automation of the stripping process.

The formwork mirror 74 for this room cell 10 _f shows, according to FIG. 28, in its horizontal surface 78 resting on I-beams 76 of a support frame 77, a - here downwards - conically tapered formwork box 80 for the oil sill 46 and at 82 a lock bolt, thanks of which the formwork edge 75 can be connected.

29 shows a slightly inclined side wall 84 of the formwork box 80 between its box bottom 85 and the horizontal surface 78. Near their transition into the inclined edge formwork 79 for the floor slat 18 - whose floor formwork strip is designated 86 here - triangular slats 90 are provided for the formation of that paragraph 47, the surface of which is also inclined at a horizontal angle y 1. The distance d of this triangle bar 90 of the formwork outer edge 73 measures here about 225 mm as a length dimension for the free part of a step surface, which gives the formwork for the surface 49 of the connecting body 48 and is formed by a slide board 87 running below the bottom 85 at a distance s . This is connected to the floor formwork strip 86 by a wall slide 88 inclined parallel to the side wall 84. The transition between the slide board 87 / wall slide 88, which is horizontally displaceable with the bottom formwork strip 86, on the one hand, and the side wall 84 with the box bottom 85 bridges that triangular strip 90 which is attached in a U-shape according to FIG. 30.

When stripping, the described sections 86/87/88 are moved and pulled off in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 29 relative to the other shuttering parts 78/79/84/85.

Claims (16)

1. Method for making a monolithic concrete cell comprising a floor (12) and four exterior walls (14, 16) by means of a foldable formwork core (50) with a fixed floor panel (62), four corner posts (58) or similar corner elements, at least four wall formwork panels (60) and movable outer formwork walls (52), in which inwardly projecting bracket strips (24) are monolithically cast with the exterior walls of the cell in the regions opposite the wall formwork panels, characterised in that when the formwork core is folded the wall formwork panels are first drawn in by a distance (n) and then the corner posts are drawn in by an amount (f), the distance (n) being larger than the cantilever dimension (t) of the bracket strip and the amount (f) being smaller than the difference between the distance (n) and the cantilever dimension (t).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that a peripheral floor batten (18) is moulded into the corner formed by the floor of the cell and its exterior walls, the width (i) of which parallel to the floor is larger than the distance (n), and/or that the draw-in dimension (f) for the corner post (58) is shorter than the cantilever dimension (t) for the bracket strip (24).
3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the formwork core (5) is at least partially slightly lowered with respect to a sloping surface (26) of the bracket strip (24) when the formwork is removed, and/or that interruptions are made to the line of the bracket strip (24) or the floor batten (18) by corresponding recess bodies.
4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a ground plate (46) is moulded on to the floor of the cell and two parallel exterior walls and connects the latter, and the formwork is moved relative to the adjacent formwork in the region of penetration of the ground plate (46) and the floor batten (18) when the formwork is removed.
5. Monolithic concrete cell consisting of a floor or a ceiling and four exterior walls, in particular a cast concrete cell comprising cut-outs for doors, ventilating elements or corresponding fixtures, made by the process according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a formwork core (50) consisting of a fixed floor panel (62), four corner posts (58), at least four wall formwork panels (60) and movable outer formwork walls (52), characterised in that the exterior walls (14, 16) of the cell (10) have inwardly projecting floor battens (18) and/or bracket strips (24) monolithically cast at least over part of their circumference.
6. Cell according to claim 5, characterised in that the floor batten (18) has a batten surface (19) substantially parallel to the floor (12) and an inner surface (21) inclined relative thereto, and/or that the bracket strip (24) has a ridge surface (28) parallel to the floor (12) or the ceiling (32), and the ridge surface has a sloping surface (26) inclined relative to the exterior wall (14, 16).
7. Cell according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that a monolithically cast floor batten (18) extends therein in the corner formed by the floor or the ceiling (32) and at least part of the exterior walls (14, 16).
8. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the width (t) of the ridge surface (28) is smaller than the width (i) of the batten surface (19) of the floor batten (18), and is preferably approximately half the width (i), and/or that the bracket strips (24) end at a distance (k) from the wall corners (15).
9. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that a plurality of bracket strips (24) are monolithically cast parallel to one another at intervals over the height of the exterior walls (14, 16) of the cell (10).
10. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 9, characterised in that the wall formwork panels (60) have moulded channels (64) for the bracket strips (24) in correspondingly formed formwork channels (68), which taper at their ends, the formwork channels (68) optionally being arranged in vertical stiffening bodies (63) of the formwork and/or being secured by welding or the like to the wall formwork panel (60).
11. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 10, characterised in that the bracket strip (24) is divided into two sections (24_a, 24_b) by a recess (36), wherein, when a plurality of bracket strips are provided on top of one another, their recesses are flush with one another, and/or a partition wall (34, 44) is inserted into the gap(s) (36) of the bracket strip(s) (24).
12. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 11, characterised in that the bracket strips (24) are moulded on to opposing pairs of exterior walls (14 or 16) and/or that the bracket strips (24) of two opposing exterior walls (14, 16) are monolithically cast at an angle to the floor surface (13).
13. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 12, characterised in that securing means, such as pegs, sleeves, anchor channels, welding plates, reinforcing connecting rails or racks, dovetail grooves, rubber inserts, vertical adjustment devices or the like are moulded into the bracket strips (24) flush with the surface.
14. Monolithic concrete cell consisting of a floor or a ceiling of four surrounding walls, in particular a cast concrete cell comprising cut-outs for doors, ventilating elements or corresponding fixtures, made by the process according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a formwork core consisting of a fixed floor panel, four corner posts, at least four wall formwork panels and movable outer formwork walls, optionally having one or more of the features according to at least one of claims 5 to 13, characterised in that at least one monolithically cast ground plate (46) traversing the cell extends between two exterior walls (14) of the cell (10_f) and tapers upwards, the height (p) of the ground plate (46) preferably measuring at least twice the height (e) of the floor batten (18).
15. Cell according to claim 14, characterised in that the ground plate (46) has a connecting body (48) of larger cross section in the region of a floor batten (18) provided between the floor (12) and the exterior wall (14), a shoulder-like projection extending between the outer surfaces of the ground plate and those of its connecting body, the surface of said shoulder-like projection being inclined at an angle (y or y₁) relative to the vertical and/or relative to the outer surfaces of the ground plate.
16. Cell according to at least one of claims 5 to 15, characterised in that a formwork box (80) for the ground plate (46) has a step close to the formwork parts (79, 86) for the floor batten (18), this step being formed by a sliding board (87) which is arranged to move relative to the formwork (78, 79, 84, 85) together with a wall slide (88) and a floor formwork strip (86) adjacent to the batten surface (19).

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