EP4051472B1 - Formwork device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a formwork device according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a battery formwork which has two bulkheads and a formwork device which can be arranged between the bulkheads.

Finally, the invention relates to a method for producing a precast concrete part, as well as a method for preparing for the production of a precast concrete part.

The DE 10 2017 204413 A1 describes a formwork device according to the preamble of claim 1, more particularly it describes a butterfly formwork, in which spreading by rolling in conjunction with a lifting device is possible.

The US 5,766,653 A discloses a device for forming clay figures. The DE 218 127 C shows a molding device for producing beams and beams from cement concrete.

Battery formwork is often used in the series production of precast concrete parts. Prefabricated concrete parts are often used, particularly in the manufacture of prefabricated buildings. These precast concrete parts can be produced quickly and cheaply in battery formwork. The WO 2016/184947 A1 shows a battery formwork with a support device into which formwork devices are suspended from above. These formwork devices each have two formwork panels, which are connected to one another in an articulated manner on one long side in order to be transferred from an unfolded state to a folded state. Each formwork panel has a formwork front side for attaching formwork elements and a formwork back side, with the formwork back sides of the formwork panels facing each other in the folded state of the formwork device. The formwork devices are installed on a surface in the unfolded state, with formwork elements being attached to the upward-facing formwork front sides of the horizontally aligned formwork panels. The formwork devices are then raised using a lifting device, with the backs of the formwork panels folding together. The formwork panels are positioned between two bulkheads in such a way that cavities are formed between the front sides of the formwork, the formwork elements and the bulkheads, which are filled with concrete.

With the state of the art, the precast concrete parts can be hardened within the battery formwork. The disadvantage here is that the entire battery formwork is in use until the concrete has hardened and cannot be used to cast further precast concrete parts.

In order to make the battery formwork ready for use more quickly, it would be desirable to allow the prefabricated concrete parts to dry on the formwork device outside the battery formwork. The difficulty, however, lies in finding a stable drying position, which also makes it easier to lift the precast concrete parts away from the formwork device. Furthermore, it would be desirable to make it easier to transfer the formwork elements into the unfolded (lying) state.

The object of the present invention is to alleviate or eliminate at least individual disadvantages of the prior art. The invention's particular aim is to enable the battery formwork to be reused more quickly and to simplify the removal of the prefabricated concrete parts. A further aim can be to make it easier to transfer the formwork elements into the lying state so that they can be fitted with limiting elements for doors, windows, etc.

This object is achieved by a formwork device with the features of claim 1, a battery formwork with the features of claim 10, a method for producing a precast concrete part with the features of claim 11 and a method for preparing to produce a prefabricated concrete part with the features of claim 12 .

Accordingly, the formwork device has a spreading device for spreading apart second end regions of the formwork elements opposite the first end regions, starting from the standing state of the formwork elements.

This formwork device can be used in particular in battery formwork with two bulkheads.

The two preferably rectangular formwork elements are each pivotally connected at a first end region, in particular on one of their long sides. For this purpose, an articulated connection can be provided between the first end regions of the formwork elements. As a result, the two formwork elements can be transferred from a standing state, in which the formwork elements are preferably aligned essentially vertically, to a lying state, in which the formwork elements are preferably aligned essentially horizontally. In the standing state, the first end regions form the upper ends of the formwork elements and the second end regions form the lower ends of the formwork elements.

To produce a component, in particular a prefabricated concrete part, the formwork elements can be arranged in the standing state between the two bulkheads of the battery formwork. The formwork elements are in the folded state (i.e. standing essentially parallel to one another), with the front sides of the formwork facing outwards and the back sides of the formwork facing each other. The two front sides of the formwork define cavities into which concrete can be poured. The lying state of the formwork elements can, however, be used to attach formwork elements, i.e. in particular boundary elements for door and/or window cutouts in the component, to the formwork front sides of the formwork elements.

The spreading device according to the invention on the second end regions of the formwork elements can advantageously fulfill different functions depending on the design.

After the precast concrete parts have been poured into the cavities, the formwork device can be removed from the interior of the battery formwork together with at least one component on a front side of the formwork, in particular two components on the two front sides of the formwork, in particular with a lifting device to be highlighted. The prefabricated concrete parts are in a hardened but not yet completely dried state, which allows the component to be held on the respective front side of the formwork without counter-pressure by the bulkheads (or other formwork devices). For further drying of the component, the formwork device can be arranged in a drying position with the second end regions of the formwork elements spread apart outside the space between the battery formwork. For this purpose, the spreading device engages the component to be dried on the subsurface at the second end regions - opposite the pivotable connection between the formwork elements - at least while the formwork device is being parked. With the help of the spreading device, the second end regions of the formwork elements are spread apart so that the two formwork elements form an inverted V shape when viewed from the side in the drying position. The drying position is a stable intermediate position between the standing and lying states of the formwork elements. The formwork device can thus be arranged in the stable and space-saving drying position outside the interior of the battery formwork in order to dry the components. Meanwhile, the interior of the battery formwork can be used to produce additional components. In the drying position, the spreading device ensures that the second end regions of the formwork elements are secured against folding into the standing state and/or unfolding into the lying state. The spreading device thus first drives apart the second end regions of the formwork elements and then holds the formwork elements in the drying position. The drying position, based on the pivot angle, is preferably closer, in particular several times closer, to the standing state than to the lying state of the formwork elements. This embodiment also has the particular advantage that lifting the component away from the formwork device after drying is made much easier because the component is only exposed to low loads and, moreover, disadvantageous wobbling of the component is avoided.

In a further embodiment, the spreading device can also can be used to transfer the formwork elements from the standing state to the lying state. Advantageously, manual unfolding of the formwork elements can be avoided.

For the purposes of this disclosure, the location and directional information, such as "top", "bottom", "horizontal", "vertical", refers to an intended operating position of the formwork device and the battery position on a horizontal surface.

• Vorsehen einer Batterieschalung,
• Anordnen der Schalungselemente in einer Betonierposition in einem Innenraum zwischen den zwei Schottwänden,
• Gießen des Betonfertigteils in dem Innenraum,
• Entfernen der Schalungselemente mit dem Betonfertigteil aus dem Innenraum der Batterieschalung,
• Verbinden der Spreizvorrichtung mit den zweiten Endbereichen der Schalungselemente, und
• Anordnen der Schalungselemente mit dem Betonfertigteil und der Spreizvorrichtung an den zweiten Endbereichen der Schalungselemente in einer Trocknungsposition auf einem Untergrund außerhalb des Innenraums der Batterieschalung, wobei die zweiten Endbereiche der Schalungselemente durch die Spreizvorrichtung auseinandergespreizt werden.

The method according to the invention for producing a precast concrete part has at least the following steps:

• Providing a battery formwork,
• Arranging the formwork elements in a concreting position in an interior between the two bulkheads,
• Pouring the precast concrete part in the interior,
• Removing the formwork elements with the precast concrete part from the interior of the battery formwork,
• Connecting the spreading device to the second end regions of the formwork elements, and
• Arranging the formwork elements with the precast concrete part and the spreading device at the second end regions of the formwork elements in a drying position on a surface outside the interior of the battery formwork, the second end regions of the formwork elements being spread apart by the spreading device.

In this method, the formwork elements are therefore arranged in the drying position with the second end regions spread apart using the spreading device. The spreading device connects the second end regions of the formwork elements to one another in such a way that the second end regions are transferred from the standing state to the drying position, but not further in the direction of the lying state, in order to be placed in a stable triangular arrangement on a flat surface can. Preferably, the spreading device is detachably attached to the second end regions of the formwork elements before the formwork elements are placed on the ground with the spreading device. So the contact can the spreading device on the second end regions of the formwork elements with the ground can be used to convert the lowering movement of the formwork device into the spreading apart of the second end regions of the formwork elements. When the formwork device is parked (ie without support from a lifting device from above), the formwork elements are in the drying position, in which the formwork elements are arranged at a defined angle to one another.

• Vorsehen einer Schalungseinrichtung,
• Anordnen der Schalungselemente im stehenden Zustand oberhalb eines Untergrunds,
• Anordnen der Spreizvorrichtung auf dem Untergrund,
• Absenken der Schalungselemente auf die Spreizvorrichtung auf dem Untergrund,
• Auseinanderspreizen der zweiten Endbereiche der Schalungselemente mittels der Spreizvorrichtung.

The method for preparing to produce a precast concrete part has at least the following steps:

• Providing a formwork device,
• Arranging the formwork elements in a standing state above a subsurface,
• Arranging the spreading device on the surface,
• Lowering the formwork elements onto the spreading device on the ground,
• Spreading apart the second end regions of the formwork elements by means of the spreading device.

In this method, the spreading device is used to transfer the formwork elements from the standing state towards the lying state. The formwork elements are preferably arranged above the subsurface, in particular with the aid of a lifting device, for example a crane. Meanwhile, the spreader is on the ground. By lowering the formwork elements onto the spreading device, the spreading device is actuated in such a way that the second end regions of the formwork elements are transferred from the standing state towards the lying state. Depending on the design of the spreading device, it can at least partially cause the formwork elements to unfold. Furthermore, the spreading device can also be used when folding the formwork elements, i.e. when transferring them from the lying to the standing state.

It is favorable that the spreading device has a force deflection device which acts on the second end regions of the formwork elements and which lowers the formwork elements converted into the spreading apart of the second end regions of the formwork elements. By contacting the spreading device at the second end regions with the ground or by lowering the formwork elements onto the spreading device previously placed on the ground, the lowering movement, ie the vertical downward movement, of the formwork elements can cause the second end regions of the formwork elements to spread apart. As a result, the energy released by the vertical downward movement can be used to spread apart the second end regions of the formwork elements.

According to a preferred embodiment, the force deflection device has two lever elements, which are connected to one another via a pivot bearing with a pivot axis that is preferably essentially stationary when the formwork elements are spread apart. With the help of the two lever elements, the second end regions of the formwork elements can be spread apart particularly easily. The impact of the spreading device attached to the second end regions on the ground or the lowering of the formwork elements onto the spreading device located on the ground is converted into a pivoting of the lever elements, which causes the second end regions of the formwork elements to be spread apart. Preferably, the two lever elements are pivotally connected to one another by means of a pivot axis on the base side.

The spreading device, in particular its lever elements, can be made of different materials. A version made of metal, plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic, or a combination thereof is preferred.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, two spreading devices are provided for engaging the lateral edges on the second end regions of the formwork elements. Advantageously, the two spreading devices engage on two opposite sides of the side edges on the second end regions of the formwork elements. This ensures uniform spreading of the formwork elements over the entire length of the formwork device (ie its extension along the pivotable connection).

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the lever elements are arranged essentially horizontally when the second end regions of the formwork elements are spread apart. Preferably, the two lever elements are arranged in a V-shaped position in the resting state, i.e. before the two end regions are spread apart. When the formwork elements are spread apart, the lever elements are transferred from the resting state, in which they engage the second end regions of the formwork elements in the standing state, to the horizontal position, in which the second end regions of the formwork elements are spread apart and the two lever elements have an angle of essentially 180 ° include. The two lever elements pivot in opposite directions about the pivot axis. In a side view, with the second end sections spread apart, the two formwork elements, together with the horizontally aligned lever elements, have the shape of an isosceles triangle, with the horizontally aligned lever elements forming the base and the formwork elements forming the legs.

In order to connect the spreading device to the formwork elements, it is advantageous if the formwork elements each have a connecting element at the second end regions for the preferably releasable connection to the spreading device.

In a preferred embodiment, two connecting tabs are provided as connecting elements, which are pivotally connected to the lever elements. As a result, a lever element and a connecting strap each form a toggle lever.

According to a preferred embodiment, the lever elements and the connecting elements can be connected to one another or are connected to one another via locking connections, in particular with bolts and bolt receptacles. This allows the lever elements and the connecting elements to be releasably connected to one another in a simple manner. A bolt is preferably inserted into a corresponding bolt receptacle.

Around the formwork elements using gravity and the subsoil To spread, it is advantageous if the pivot bearing has a preferably essentially horizontal support surface for resting on the ground when lowering the formwork elements with the spreading device attached to them. The lever elements are thus pivoted apart by contact with the ground and the second end regions of the formwork elements are spread apart.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the lever elements have receiving troughs for receiving corresponding guide elements, in particular guide bolts, on the second end regions of the formwork elements. This means that formwork elements can be precisely aligned with respect to the spreading device. This embodiment is particularly suitable if the spreading device is initially separated, i.e. arranged on the ground at a distance from the formwork elements and the formwork elements are then lowered onto the spreading device in order to remove the second end regions from one another by means of the spreading device.

According to a preferred embodiment, a tensioning device, in particular a spring, is provided for pretensioning the lever elements in the direction of a rest position of the lever elements before the second end regions of the formwork elements are spread apart. Thus, when the lever elements are pivoted, the spring is tensioned by the second end regions spreading apart. The lever elements are relaxed in the vertical position and can accommodate the formwork elements in the standing state. When the second end regions of the formwork elements are spread apart, the lever elements are moved into the horizontal position against a spring force of the spring, so that the energy released by the lowering movement of the formwork elements is absorbed by the spring in order to tension it. Due to the own weight of the formwork elements, they sink towards the ground and move the lever elements, which are rotatably mounted at a pivot point, apart against the spring force, as a result of which the second end regions of the formwork elements received by the spreading device are spread apart. The lifting of the formwork elements is supported by the spring force.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a releasable locking device is provided for locking the pivoting of the lever elements in their rest position. This prevents the lever elements from moving before the formwork elements are arranged on the spreading device.

In order to align the formwork elements in the lying state, i.e. preferably essentially horizontally, it is advantageous if an opening device is provided for transferring the formwork elements from the spread-apart state of the second end regions into the lying state of the formwork elements. As a result, after drying and removing the precast concrete parts from the formwork elements, the formwork elements can be transferred to the lying state in order to clean them and equip them with new formwork elements, such as boundary elements for windows and/or doors.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the opening device has at least one guide track for guiding support elements, in particular support rollers, on the second end regions of the formwork elements. The formwork elements are moved from the spread-apart state of the second end regions into the lying state of the formwork elements by means of the opening device. The formwork elements can then be fitted with formwork elements. This design is particularly advantageous in conjunction with the lever elements of the spreading device because comparatively short lever elements can be used.

For better guidance of the formwork elements, it is advantageous if the at least one guide track has at least one sloping take-over section for taking over the support elements, in particular support rollers. This allows the formwork elements to be guided from the standing to the lying state in a controlled manner.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the locking device has a hook and a corresponding receiving device for receiving the hook, the hook being arranged on one of the two lever elements and the receiving device is arranged on the other of the two lever elements. This makes it easy to lock the lever elements. By releasing the hook from the corresponding receiving device, the lever elements can be moved against each other. Advantageously, when the two formwork elements are arranged on the spreading device, the hook is automatically released from the corresponding receiving device, so that the second end regions of the formwork elements can be spread apart using the lever devices.

• Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Batterieschalung mit Schalungseinrichtungen;
• Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Schalungseinrichtung mit zwei Schalungselementen in verschiedenen Stellungen beim Abstellen auf einem Untergrund zum Trocknen von Bauelementen an den Schalungselementen, wobei die Schalungseinrichtung links im vom Untergrund abgehobenen Zustand, in der Mitte mit einer Spreizvorrichtung an den unteren Endbereichen und rechts beim Kontaktieren des Untergrunds dargestellt ist;
• Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch die Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 bei der Überführung der zwei Schalungselemente von dem stehenden in einen auseinandergespreizten Zustand;
• Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch die Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 im auseinandergespreizten Zustand;
• Fig. 5 zeigt schematisch eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Spreizvorrichtung;
• Fig. 6 zeigt schematisch ein Detail einer Schalungseinrichtung mit zwei Schalungselementen in einem stehenden Zustand und der Spreizvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7;
• Fig. 7 zeit schematisch ein Detail der Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 6 bei der Aufnahme der Schalungselemente in die Spreizvorrichtung;
• Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen schematisch ein Detail der Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 8 bei der Überführung der zwei Schalungselemente von dem stehenden in einen liegenden Zustand;
• Fig. 10 zeigt schematisch ein Detail der Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 9;
• Fig. 11 zeigt schematisch die Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 8 bei der Überführung der zwei Schalungselemente von dem stehenden in den liegenden Zustand;
• Fig. 12 zeigt schematisch die Schalungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 13 im liegenden Zustand.

The invention is further explained below using non-limiting exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

• Fig. 1 shows schematically a battery formwork with formwork devices;
• Fig. 2 shows schematically a formwork device according to the invention with two formwork elements in different positions when placed on a surface for drying components on the formwork elements, with the formwork device on the left in the state lifted from the ground, in the middle with a spreading device at the lower end regions and on the right when contacting the ground is shown;
• Fig. 3 shows schematically the formwork device according to Fig. 3 when transferring the two formwork elements from the standing to a spread apart state;
• Fig. 4 shows schematically the formwork device according to Fig. 3 when spread apart;
• Fig. 5 shows schematically another spreading device according to the invention;
• Fig. 6 shows schematically a detail of a formwork device with two formwork elements in a standing state and according to the spreading device Fig. 7 ;
• Fig. 7 time schematically a detail of the formwork device according to Fig. 6 when receiving the formwork elements in the spreading device;
• 8 and 9 show schematically a detail of the formwork device according to Fig. 8 when transferring the two formwork elements from a standing to a lying state;
• Fig. 10 shows schematically a detail of the formwork device according to Fig. 9 ;
• Fig. 11 shows schematically the formwork device according to Fig. 8 when transferring the two formwork elements from the standing to the lying state;
• Fig. 12 shows schematically the formwork device according to FIG. 13 in the lying state.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an example from the WO 2017/174432 known battery formwork 1 with formwork devices 2. The battery formwork 1 is used to produce components (not shown) and in particular prefabricated concrete parts for buildings. The battery formwork 1 has a support frame 3 with support sections 4 spaced apart from one another. The number of support sections 4 in Fig. 1 is only to be seen as an example and can be adapted to the circumstances. Furthermore, the battery formwork 1 includes two supporting devices 5, in which the bulkheads 6 and the formwork devices 2 are suspended and movable, ie displaceable in the present embodiment. The formwork devices 2 are located between the bulkheads 6. A cavity to be filled with concrete is formed between at least one bulkhead 6 and a formwork device 2, the formwork device 2 preferably carrying formwork elements, not shown, which determine the contour of the prefabricated concrete part. The formwork elements can, for example, limit door or window cutouts and also seal the cavity filled with concrete during concreting. The formwork elements can, for example, be attached to the formwork device 2 using magnet holders. In addition, a heating device (not shown) and/or a vibrator (not shown) can also be installed on the formwork device 2 must be mounted. The formwork device 2 is inserted between two bulkheads 6 and clamped to them during concreting.

The number of supporting devices 5, bulkheads 6 and formwork devices 2 is to be seen as only an example and can be varied depending on the circumstances. For example, formwork devices 2 can be provided for concreting the outer walls, inner walls, the floor and the roof of a house, so that the battery formwork 1 can be used to produce the components for an entire building at the same time. The bulkheads 6 and the formwork devices 2 are clamped between two support devices 7. The number of support devices 7 is also to be regarded as only an example and can be varied according to requirements. At least one support device 7 is movable, i.e. H. movable in the present embodiment, accommodated in the carrying devices 5. For stabilization, the formwork devices 2 and the support devices 7 can be connected and clamped to one another in the concreting position by one or more rod-shaped connecting devices 8. The number of connection devices 8 can be adapted to the circumstances. Instead of rod-shaped connecting devices 8, hydraulic connecting devices are also possible. However, the rod-shaped connecting devices 8 are particularly robust and easy to handle. Furthermore, the battery formwork 1 has a lifting device 9, with which at least one of the formwork devices 2 can be moved from the lowered concreting position into a raised transport position, in which the formwork device 2 can be moved via a formwork device 2 located in the concreting position in a direction essentially perpendicular to the lifting direction X is eligible for funding. In the case of the battery formwork 1, the formwork devices 2 are suspended from above into the supporting devices 5, so that in the suspended state they are spaced from the ground between the support sections 4 in the concreting position. The design of the lifting device 9 can be adapted to the requirements. If necessary, several lifting devices 9 can also be used.

The lifting device 9 is on two spaced apart Guide devices 10, which are designed here as running rails, can be moved in a tensioning direction of the formwork devices 2. Furthermore, the guide devices 10 are arranged above the support devices 5 and parallel to them. In order to make the battery formwork 1 more compact, the formwork devices 2 are attached to the support devices 5 at their upper end.

Instead of the known formwork devices 2 Fig. 1 The formwork devices 2 according to the invention can be included in the battery formwork 1, which are explained below.

Fig. 2 shows a formwork device 2 for arrangement between two bulkheads 6 of a battery formwork 1 according to Fig. 1 . The bulkheads 6 can also be designed as further formwork elements. The formwork device 2 has two formwork elements 11, which in the embodiment shown are formwork panels. The formwork elements 11 each have a formwork front side 12 for loading with concrete and a formwork back side 13, the formwork elements 11 being pivotally connected to one another at first end regions 14, so that the formwork elements 11 can be transferred from a standing state to a lying state. The formwork elements 11 each have two connecting elements 16 at the first end regions 14 opposite second end regions 15, which are arranged at the two ends of the lower longitudinal edges 17 of the formwork elements 11.

Fig. 2 shows a formwork device 2 according to the invention, in which at least one spreading device 18 for spreading apart the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 (cf. Fig. 6 ) is used starting from the standing state of the formwork elements 11. Two spreading devices 18 are preferably provided at a horizontal distance from one another. The spreading devices 18 are detachably connected to the connecting elements 16 of the formwork devices 11. In the embodiment shown, the spreading device 18 has a force deflection device 19 which acts on the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 and which lowers the formwork elements 11 is converted into the spreading apart of the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11. The force deflection device 19 has two lever elements 20, which are connected to one another via a pivot bearing 21 with a pivot axis 22 that is essentially stationary when the formwork elements 11 are spread apart. In the embodiment shown according to Fig. 2 to 4 16 connecting tabs are provided as connecting elements, to which the lever elements 20 are pivotably attached. In the embodiment shown, releasable locking connections are provided between the spreading device 18 and the connecting elements 16 on the formwork elements 11. In the version shown, the locking connections have bolts 23 and corresponding bolt receptacles. A lever element 20 and a connecting strap thus form a toggle lever. The pivot bearing 21 has a substantially horizontal support surface 24 for resting on the ground when lowering the formwork elements 11 with the spreading device 18 attached thereto.

In Fig. 2 the formwork elements 11 are arranged vertically in the standing state, so that the backs of the formwork 13 face each other and the front sides of the formwork 12 face them when the formwork device 2 is arranged in a battery formwork 1 between two bulkheads 6.

In the right position Fig. 2 the placement of the spreading device 18 on the ground is shown, whereby the spreading apart of the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 is triggered. Fig. 3 shows the conversion of the lowering movement of the formwork device 2 with the spreading device 18 into the spreading apart of the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11.

As in Fig. 4 shown, the lever elements 20 are arranged essentially horizontally in the spread-apart state of the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11.

The following procedure can therefore be carried out to produce and dry a precast concrete part. The formwork device 2 is in the battery formwork 1 according to Fig. 1 arranged, the formwork elements 11 of the formwork device 2 in one Concreting position can be arranged in an interior between the two bulkheads 6. At least one prefabricated concrete part is then cast using the formwork device 2, with a prefabricated concrete part preferably being formed on each of the two formwork elements 11. As a result, using the formwork device 2, it is possible to produce two prefabricated concrete parts at the same time. When arranging several formwork devices 2 between several bulkheads 6 in the battery formwork 1, a corresponding number of prefabricated concrete parts can be cast. In a next step, the formwork device 2 together with at least one precast concrete part is lifted using a lifting device, for example the lifting device 9 according to Fig. 1 , lifted out of the interior of the battery formwork. The formwork elements 11 are in a standing state in which the formwork elements 11, as in Fig. 2 shown, are arranged folded vertically. Then two spreading devices 18 according to Fig. 2 to 4 connected to the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 at the two ends of the long sides 17 of the formwork elements 11, with bolts 23 being brought into engagement with corresponding bolt receptacles. This locking connection can be secured using split pins. In one embodiment variant, the bolts 23 are provided on the connecting elements 16 and the bolt receptacles on the lever elements 20. Of course, a reversed arrangement can also be provided. Furthermore, the bolts 23 can be detachably arranged in corresponding bolt receptacles of the connecting elements 16 and the lever elements 20. In a next step, the formwork elements 11 with the precast concrete part and the spreading devices 18 are arranged at the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 in a drying position on a surface outside the interior of the battery formwork 1. The formwork elements 11 are moved in the standing state with spreading tools 18 arranged on the connecting elements 16 with the help of the lifting device 9 downwards towards a subsurface until, as in Fig. 2 shown on the right, the horizontal support surface 24 rests on the ground. When the formwork device 2 is lowered further, the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 are spread apart by the spreading device 18, as in Fig. 3 shown, the weight of the formwork elements 11 moves them downwards become. Due to the stationary pivot axis 22 of the lever elements 20 of the spreading device 18 and the articulated connection between the lever elements 20 and the connecting elements 16 in the second end region 15 of the formwork elements 11, when the formwork elements 11 are lowered, they are spread apart in the second end regions 15. As a result, the lowering movement of the formwork elements 11 when arranged on the ground is converted into the spreading apart of the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11. The formwork elements 11 are lowered and spread until the connecting elements 16 of the formwork elements 11 rest on the ground. The lever elements 20 are aligned horizontally, so that the two lever elements 20 enclose an angle of 180°. This prevents the formwork elements 11 from spreading further apart, so that the formwork device 2 assumes a stable drying position and the lifting device 9 can be removed without the formwork device 2 tipping over.

Fig. 5 shows a further spreading device 18 according to the invention, which has a force deflection device 19 with two lever elements 20, which are connected to one another via a pivot bearing 21 with a pivot axis 22 that is essentially stationary when the formwork elements 11 are spread apart. However, the lever elements 20 are significantly longer here than in the embodiment Fig. 2 to 4 educated. In the embodiment shown according to Fig. 5 the lever elements 20 have receiving troughs 25 for receiving corresponding guide bolts on the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 (cf. Fig. 7 ). Furthermore, the spreading device 18 has an opening device 26 for transferring the formwork elements 11 from the spread-apart state of the second end regions 15 into the lying state of the formwork elements 11. The opening device 26 comprises a guide track 27 for guiding support elements 28 on the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11, the guide track 27 having two sloping take-over sections 29 for taking over the support elements 28.

In the embodiment shown, the spreading device 18 has a tensioning device 30 which has a spring. The tensioning device 30 serves to pretension the lever elements 20 in Direction of a rest position of the lever elements 20 before the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 are spread apart. This can support the erection of the formwork elements 11 when transferring from the lying position to the standing position. In the rest position, the two rod-shaped lever elements 20 form a V, with the receiving troughs 25 being arranged at the ends of the lever elements 20, which are arranged at the top of the V. The two lever elements 20 form an angle between 15 and 25°, preferably 20°. Furthermore, the in Fig. 7 shown embodiment of the spreading device 18 has a releasable locking device 31 for locking the pivoting of the lever elements 20 in their rest position. The locking device 31 has a hook 32 and a corresponding receiving device 33 for receiving the hook 32. The hook 32 is arranged on one of the two lever elements 20 and the receiving device 33 on the other of the two lever elements 20. The hook 32 is rotatably mounted on one lever element 20 via a pivot bearing 34. When the hook 32 is received in the receiving device 33, the lever elements 20 are locked together so that they cannot be moved downwards in opposite directions. By releasing the hook 32 from the corresponding receiving device 33, the lever elements 20 can be moved against each other. On a side of the pivot bearing 34 opposite the hook 32, a coupling rod 35 is arranged, which is connected to a compression spring 36. The compression spring 36 extends into the receiving trough 25 of the lever element 20, on which the hook 32 is arranged, so that when the guide pins are received into the receiving trough 25, the compression spring 36 is actuated, whereby the coupling rod 35 connected to the compression spring 36 via the pivot bearing 34 Releases hook 32 from the receiving device 33.

With the help of the in Fig. 5 In the embodiment of the spreading device 18 shown, the formwork elements 11 of a formwork device 2 according to the invention can be transferred to the lying state. For this purpose, two spreading devices 18 according to the embodiment in Fig. 5 arranged on a surface in such a way that the guide tracks 27 of the spreading devices 18 are aligned parallel to one another. After drying and removing the precast concrete parts from the formwork elements 11, as in Fig. 6 shown, the formwork elements 11 are arranged in the standing state above the ground above the spreading devices 18 using the lifting device 9. The formwork elements 11 are arranged in such a way that the bolts 23, which are fastened in the bores of the connecting elements 16 and are provided as guide bolts, are positioned directly above the receiving troughs 25 of the spreading devices 18. Afterwards, as in Fig. 7 shown, the formwork elements 11 are lowered onto the spreading devices 18, so that the bolts 23 of the formwork elements 11 are received by the receiving troughs 25 of the spreading devices 18. In the embodiment shown according to FIGS. 8-14, the formwork elements 11 each have two bolts 23, so that the total of four bolts 23 of the formwork elements 11 are accommodated in the total of four receiving troughs 25 of the two spreading devices 18. When the bolts 23 are placed in the receiving trough 25, the compression springs 36 of the two expansion devices 18 are actuated, as a result of which the coupling rods 35 connected to the compression springs 36 each release the hooks 32 from the receiving devices 33. When the formwork elements 11 are lowered further, the second end regions 15 are spread apart using the lever elements 20 of the spreading devices 18, as in Fig. 10 and 11 shown, the lever elements 20 of each spreading device 18 are pivoted in opposite directions via the pivot axis 22 until the support elements 28 of the formwork elements 11, as in Fig. 12 shown resting on the sloping takeover sections 29. In the embodiment shown according to Fig. 6-12 The total of four support elements 28 of the two formwork elements 11 are support bolts which are arranged above the two guide tracks 27 when the connecting elements 16 and the bolts 23 are received in the receiving troughs 25 of the spreading devices 18. Alternatively, the support elements 28 can be designed as support rollers. The total of four takeover sections 29 of the two guideways 27 are arranged in such a way that when the second end regions 15 of the formwork elements 11 are lowered and spread apart, the support elements 28 of the formwork elements 11 rest on the takeover sections 29 of the guideways 27. When the formwork elements 11 are lowered further, they are spread further apart by guiding the support elements 28 on the guide tracks 27, with the bolts 23 emerging from the receiving troughs 25 of the spreading devices 18 move. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 11-14, the formwork elements 11 are moved from the spread-apart state of the second end regions 15 into the lying state of the formwork elements 11 by means of the guide tracks 27 of the opening devices 26. This means that the formwork elements 11 can be easily cleaned and re-equipped.

Claims (13)

1. Formwork device (2), in particular for arrangement between two partition walls (6) of a battery formwork (1), for producing construction elements, in particular precast concrete parts, comprising:

   two formwork elements (11), in particular formwork panels, each of which comprises a formwork front side (12) for being applied with concrete and a formwork rear side (13), the formwork elements (11) being pivotally connected to one another at first end regions (14) so that the formwork elements (11) can be transferred from a standing state into a lying state,

   a spreading apparatus (18) for spreading apart second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11) opposite the first end regions (14) starting from the standing state of the formwork elements (11), characterised in that the spreading apparatus (18) comprises a force deflection device (19) which engages in each case at the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11) and converts a lowering of the formwork elements (11) into the spreading apart of the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11).
2. Formwork device (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the force deflection device (19) comprises two lever elements (20) which are connected to one another via a pivot bearing (21) having a pivot axis (22) which is preferably substantially stationary when the formwork elements (11) are spread apart.
3. Formwork device (2) according to claim 2, characterised in that the pivot bearing (21) comprises a preferably substantially horizontal support surface (24) for resting on the substrate when lowering the formwork elements (11) with the spreading apparatus (18) attached thereto.
4. Formwork device (2) according to either claim 2 or claim 3,
   characterised in that the lever elements (20) comprise receiving recesses (25) for receiving corresponding guide elements, in particular guide bolts, at the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11).
5. Formwork device (2) according to any of claims 2 to 4,
   characterised in that a tensioning apparatus (30), in particular a spring, is provided for pretensioning the lever elements (20) in the direction of a resting position of the lever elements (20) before the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11) are spread apart.
6. Formwork device (2) according to any of claims 2 to 5,
   characterised in that a releasable locking apparatus (31) is provided for locking the pivoting of the lever elements (20) in their resting position.
7. Formwork device (2) according to any of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that an opening device (26) is provided for transferring the formwork elements (11) from the spread-apart state of the second end regions (15) to the lying state of the formwork elements (11).
8. Formwork device (2) according to claim 7, characterised in that the opening device (26) comprises at least one guide path (27) for guiding support elements (28), in particular support rollers, at the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11).
9. Formwork device (2) according to claim 8, characterised in that the at least one guide path (27) comprises at least one sloping transfer portion (29) for transferring the support elements (28), in particular support rollers.
10. Battery formwork (1) comprising:

    two partition walls (6), and

    a formwork device (2) according to any of claims 1 to 9.
11. Method for producing a precast concrete part, having the steps of:

    providing a battery formwork (1) according to claim 10,

    arranging the formwork elements (11) in a concreting position in an interior space between the two partition walls (6),

    casting the precast concrete part in the interior space,

    removing the formwork elements (11) with the precast concrete part from the interior space of the battery formwork (1),

    connecting the spreading apparatus (18) to the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11), and

    arranging the formwork elements (11) with the precast concrete part and the spreading apparatus (18) at the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11) in a drying position on a substrate outside the interior space of the battery formwork (1), wherein the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11) are spread apart by the spreading apparatus (18), wherein, during arrangement on the substrate, the lowering movement of the formwork elements (11) is converted into the spreading apart of the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11).
12. Method for preparing the production of a precast concrete part, having the steps of:

    Providing a formwork device (2) according to any of claims 1 to 9,

    arranging the formwork elements (11) in the standing state above a substrate,

    arranging the spreading apparatus (18) on the substrate,

    lowering the formwork elements (11) onto the spreading apparatus (18) on the substrate,

    spreading apart the second end regions (15) of the formwork elements (11) by means of the spreading apparatus (18).
13. Method according to claim 12, characterized by the further steps of:
    moving the formwork elements (11) from the spread-apart state of the second end regions (15) into the lying state of the formwork elements (11) by means of an opening device (26).

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