EP3642428B1 - Support head having a lowerable support height for a formwork support - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a prop head for attachment to a formwork prop for forming a ceiling. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a ceiling formwork system which has such formwork supports, support heads and corresponding ceiling formwork elements. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for stripping a ceiling, which can be carried out using such a ceiling formwork system.

So-called drop head supports are known from practice, which are used for the construction of a ceiling formwork. Slab formwork panels are placed on the drophead supports, or girders on which formwork panels are arranged. The use of a drop headrest enables so-called early stripping. Early stripping means that after unlocking the drophead, at least a part of the slab formwork panels or formwork panels is removed, whereby the drophead supports (formwork prop with drophead) remain erected in order to stabilize the slab until it has the required load-bearing capacity.

However, it has been shown that the remaining drop head supports cause comparatively high costs for the provision of material, since the drop head supports are complex compared to simply constructed formwork supports without a drop head. WO2012/174597 A1 discloses a prop head for attachment to a formwork prop.

It is therefore an object to provide a prop head for attachment to a formwork prop, a slab formwork system and a method which allows efficient production of a slab using a hardenable filling material such as concrete.

The object is achieved by a support head according to claim 1, a ceiling formwork system according to claim 7 and a method according to claim 12. Preferred embodiments are the subject of further claims.

The prop head is designed for attachment to a formwork prop, for forming a ceiling with the aid of a large number of ceiling formwork elements, each of which has a formwork surface. The prop head has a connection section for connecting the prop head to a shank section of the formwork prop. The support head also has two support sections, which are suitable for supporting at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements of the plurality of floor formwork elements, so that one of the floor formwork elements of the adjacent pair can be supported on at least one support point on each of the support sections. The support points have essentially the same shuttering support height. The support head has an adjustment device for moving a first of the support sections into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element that can be supported on the first support section can be supported on at least one lower-lying support point, which has a lower support height than the formwork support height. With the lower support height, the support point of the second support section remains at the shuttering support height.

This provides a prop head which allows efficient removal of the formwork props and prop heads together with the slab formwork elements during early stripping, in order to support the slab with inexpensive tubular steel props without a complex prop head until the desired hardening. Due to the design of the support head according to the invention, dismantling can be carried out in an efficient manner in such a way that no support-free zones arise, which are already too large to bear the load of the ceiling's own weight. Excessively large column-free zones could damage the concrete.

Compared to the conventional methods, the prop head according to the invention therefore allows the prop head to be used again at an early stage in another ceiling formwork, such as in a subsequent floor. As a result, the number of prop heads required can be reduced and costs for maintaining the prop heads can be lowered.

Conventionally, the drop headrests remain in a supporting position after the formwork has been stripped early. For this purpose, drop head supports were developed which, in addition to the support surface for the formwork, also have a further support surface for the concrete of the ceiling. The support surface for the formwork was designed in such a way that it can be lowered to remove the formwork. These known drophead supports are constructed in such a way that the concrete comes into contact with the formwork on the one hand and with the contact surface of the drophead on the other hand either directly or via a cover strip. If the concrete comes into contact with different materials, this can lead to unwanted marks on the surface of the finished concrete pavement.

In comparison, the prop head according to the invention allows the formwork prop to contact the ceiling only via the ceiling formwork elements, since it is no longer necessary for the formwork prop to remain with the prop head after early stripping in order to support the ceiling. This reduces the risk of creating unwanted marks or imprints on the surface of the concrete pavement.

The ceiling formwork elements can be designed as ceiling formwork panels. Each of the slab formwork panels can have a formwork surface and a or have several support elements. The carrier elements of the ceiling formwork panel can be crossbeams and/or longitudinal beams. In this context, the side walls of the ceiling formwork elements can be understood as transverse and longitudinal beams.

The adjacent pair of ceiling formwork elements can be essentially identical. The pair of adjacent ceiling formwork elements can adjoin one another with their transverse sides or with their longitudinal sides. The adjacent pair of ceiling formwork elements can be aligned with one another and therefore form a common central axis. Two pairs of slab formwork elements can be placed on the first and the second support section, with two slab formwork elements being placeable on the first support section and two slab formwork elements on the second support section.

Each of the support sections can each have a bearing surface on which the ceiling formwork element can be placed adjacently. In particular, a section of a transverse beam and/or a section of a longitudinal beam of the ceiling formwork element can be placed on the support surface. In the configuration in which the support sections both form the same formwork bedding height, the bearing surfaces may each be at the formwork bedding height.

The formwork support height and the reduced support height can refer to a position of use of the prop head.

The support sections can each have one or more engagement elements, such as hanging hooks. The suspension hooks can each be open at the top. The suspension hooks can be brought into engagement with a transverse and/or longitudinal beam of the ceiling formwork element.

The movement of the first support section can cause a change in a position and/or orientation of the first support section. During the movement of the first support section, the second support section can remain unchanged in position and/or orientation. The second support section can be rigidly connected to the connection section.

According to one embodiment, the adjustment device is designed in such a way that the movement of the first support section results in a lowering of at least part of the first support section.

According to the invention, the adjustment device has a guide for the movement of the first support section.

The guide enables a controlled movement of the first support section into the arrangement in which the slab formwork element can be supported on the lower-lying support point.

The guide can, not according to the invention, be designed as a rotary guide and/or as a sliding guide. The displacement guide can be designed to form a straight or curved guideway. For example, the displacement guide can be designed as a linear guide and/or as a link guide. At least part of the movement can have a directional component directed towards a floor formwork element, the floor formwork element being supported on the first support section. This can facilitate the release of the slab formwork element from engagement with the first support section.

The guide cannot be designed as a rotary guide according to the invention.

The pivot guide defines an axis of rotation which is located lower than the formwork bedding height. This can facilitate the release of the slab formwork element from engagement with the first support section.

According to the invention, the guide cannot be designed as a linear guide and/or as a link guide.

According to the invention, the guide is designed as a rotary sliding guide with a slot for lowering the first support section in the vertical direction. A slot allows both a pivoting of the first support section and a rectilinear lowering in the vertical direction. In the case of a lowering in the vertical direction, the ceiling formwork element concerned continues to lie flat on the first support section. The lowered slab formwork element is still held securely in the prop head in this lowered position.

The elongated hole may be formed at an end of the first support portion.

This allows the first support section to be pivoted with an elongate pivot arm.

A further embodiment of the support head is characterized in that a pawl is arranged in a pivot bearing of the support head. The pawl rests in a first end position on the end of the first support section with the elongated hole when the first support section occupies a first storage position in which the support point of the first support section is at the shuttering support height. When the first support section is lowered, the locking pawl falls automatically into a second end position, by means of which a second storage position of the first support section is fixed in place. In order to reach the second end position, the pawl can slide into the second end position in a rotational movement at the end of the first support section with the elongated hole along the outer contour of the first support section. In the second end position, the pawl prevents the first support section from being displaced upwards in the vertical direction.

The pivot bearing can have bulges and/or inwardly curved stops, not just a circular reach-through opening. Then the pawl can form a locking angle in relation to the vertical direction in the second end position. Below the locking angle of a tilting of the locking pawl in the pivot bearing, the locking pawl is no longer in its first end position due to a movement of the first support section in the vertical direction can be rotated back and blocks displacement of the first support section in the vertical direction.

The pawl can have a reach-through opening. The pawl can be unlocked manually via the reach-through opening. After unlocking, the first support section can be moved back up in the vertical direction.

According to a further embodiment, the adjustment device has a releasable locking device. The releasable locking device can releasably lock the movement of the first support portion.

The locking device can be designed in such a way that it can be actuated when the prop head is in a position of use and when all ceiling formwork elements that can be placed on the prop head are supported. The locking device can have a wedge lock, for example. However, other configurations of the locking device are also conceivable.

The slab formwork system has a large number of formwork supports. The formwork props are each connected to a prop head according to one of the preceding embodiments. The ceiling formwork system also has the multiplicity of ceiling formwork elements.

According to a further embodiment, a ceiling formwork surface can be formed by resting the ceiling formwork elements on the first and second support sections of the prop heads, which covers the formwork props horizontally in a closed manner.

This enables the formwork surface of a slab to be constructed exclusively from slab formwork elements. This avoids the concrete coming into contact with dissimilar materials, which can leave marks or imprints on the surface of the finished slab.

According to a further embodiment, the support head has a moment support. The moment support can be designed to engage with one of the ceiling formwork elements when this is supported on the second support section. The moment support can be designed to support a torque which is exerted on the support head by a vertical load of the slab formwork element supported on the second support section.

This enables stable support of floor formwork elements on the second support section, even when no floor formwork element is supported on the first support section.

The moment support can act on a surface profile, in particular on a crossbeam or longitudinal beam of the ceiling formwork element.

According to a further embodiment, the torque support has a support section. The support section can be designed for horizontal support of the second support section on a ceiling formwork element placed thereon.

The support section can act on an outside surface of the ceiling formwork element. In particular, the support section can act on a cross member or longitudinal member.

According to a further embodiment, the moment support has two support sections, which are each designed to horizontally support the second support section on a ceiling formwork element supported thereon. The two support sections can be designed in such a way that they support the second support section on the slab formwork element resting on it at different heights and in two opposite horizontal directions.

The additional support section can be attached to an inside surface of the ceiling formwork element, in particular to a crossbeam or longitudinal beam attack. The further support section can be designed as a suspension hook. The hanging hook can be open at the top.

According to a further embodiment, the formwork supports each have a height adjustment device. The height adjustment device can be designed for simultaneous height adjustment of the first and of the second support section.

The method is configured for stripping a slab to be constructed using a solidifiable fill material, such as concrete. A slab formwork for an underside of the manufactured slab has a multiplicity of slab formwork elements and a multiplicity of formwork supports. At least one of the formwork props is connected to a prop head, which has two support sections, on which at least one pair of adjacent slab formwork elements of the plurality of slab formwork elements is supported, so that on each of the support sections one of the slab formwork elements of the adjacent pair is supported on at least one support point. The support points have essentially the same shuttering support height. The method includes moving a first of the support sections into an arrangement in which the slab form element supported on the first support section is supportable on at least one lower support point having a support height less than the formwork support height. With the lower support height, the support point of the second support section remains at the shuttering support height. The method also includes stripping the slab formwork element resting on the first support section.

The same advantages as listed above for the column head or the slab formwork system apply accordingly to the method.

According to one embodiment, the slab formwork element resting on the first support section is supported by one or more additional supports. Stripping can also include lowering and/or removing the at least one additional support. The procedure can releasing the slab formwork element supported on the first support section from engagement with the first support section.

According to a further embodiment, stripping further comprises pivoting down the floor formwork element supported on the first support section with the aid of engagement elements of the first support section, which engage with the floor formwork element that has been swiveled down during the downward swinging.

According to another embodiment, the method includes supporting the ceiling relative to the floor in an exposed area of the ceiling. The stripped-out area can correspond to a formwork surface of the slab formwork element resting on the first support section.

Figur 1a:

ein Deckenschalungssystem gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 1b:

das in der Figur 1a gezeigte Deckenschalungssystem, wobei eines der Deckenschalungselemente entfernt wurde;

Figuren 1c bis 1f:

vertikale Querschnitte durch das Deckenschalungssystem entsprechend den in den Figuren 1a und 1b gezeigten Schnittlinien;

Figur 2a:

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines Stützenkopfes einer Schalungsstütze in dem Deckenschalungssystem, welches in der Figur 1a gezeigt ist;

Figur 2b:

eine schematische Seitenansicht des in der Figur 2a gezeigten Stützen kopfes;

Figur 2c:

eine weitere, schematische Seitenansicht des in der Figur 2b gezeigten Stützenkopfes, wobei der erste Stützabschnitt des Stützenkopfes abgesenkt ist;

Figur 3:

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht des in der Figur 2a gezeigten Stützenkopfes ohne Deckenschalungselemente;

Figur 3b:

eine weitere schematische perspektivische Ansicht des der Figur 2a gezeigten Stützenkopfes ohne Deckenschalungselemente;

Figur 4a:

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Stützenkopfes gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 4b:

eine weitere schematische Seitenansicht des in der Figur 4a gezeigten Stützenkopfes, wobei der erste Stützabschnitt abgesenkt ist; und

Figur 5:

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Stützenkopfes gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel, wobei der erste Stützabschnitt abgesenkt ist;

Fig. 6:

einen Längsschnitt durch eine vierte Ausführungsform eines Stützenkopfs mit einem ersten Stützabschnitt in einer ersten Lagerposition;

Fig. 7:

einen Längsschnitt durch den Stützenkopf in der vierten Ausführungsform nach Verschwenken des ersten Stützabschnitts;

Fig. 8:

einen Längsschnitt durch den Stützenkopf in der vierten Ausführungsform mit dem ersten Stützabschnitt in einer zweiten Lagerposition;

Fig. 9

einen Längsschnitt durch den Stützenkopf in der vierten Ausführungsform mit dem ersten Stützabschnitt in einer zweiten Lagerposition und einer Detailansicht eines Drehlagers für eine Sperrklinke des Stützenkopfs;

Fig. 10:

eine isometrische Darstellung der Sperrklinke des Stützenkopfs in der vierten Ausführungsform.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained with reference to the enclosed figures. Show it:

Figure 1a:

a slab formwork system according to an embodiment;

Figure 1b:

that in the Figure 1a slab formwork system shown with one of the slab formwork elements removed;

Figures 1c to 1f:

vertical cross-sections through the slab formwork system according to those in Figures 1a and 1b cutting lines shown;

Figure 2a:

a schematic perspective view of a support head of a formwork support in the ceiling formwork system, which is shown in FIG Figure 1a is shown;

Figure 2b:

a schematic side view of in the Figure 2a shown supports head;

Figure 2c:

another schematic side view of in the Figure 2b strut head shown, wherein the first support portion of the strut head is lowered;

Figure 3:

a schematic perspective view of in the Figure 2a shown column head without slab formwork elements;

Figure 3b:

another schematic perspective view of the Figure 2a shown column head without slab formwork elements;

Figure 4a:

a schematic side view of a support head according to a second embodiment;

Figure 4b:

another schematic side view of in the Figure 4a strut head shown with the first strut section lowered; and

Figure 5:

a schematic side view of a support head according to a third embodiment, wherein the first support portion is lowered;

Figure 6:

a longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of a support head with a first support portion in a first storage position;

Figure 7:

a longitudinal section through the support head in the fourth embodiment after pivoting the first support portion;

Figure 8:

a longitudinal section through the support head in the fourth embodiment with the first support portion in a second storage position;

9

a longitudinal section through the support head in the fourth embodiment with the first support portion in a second Storage position and a detailed view of a pivot bearing for a pawl of the support head;

Figure 10:

Figure 14 is an isometric view of the prop head pawl in the fourth embodiment.

the Figure 1a shows a plan view of a ceiling formwork system 10 according to an embodiment. The ceiling formwork system 10 is designed for casting a ceiling with concrete. In principle, the ceiling formwork system 10 is also suitable for other solidifiable filling materials. The ceiling extends into the figure 1 in the plane of the paper and is in the in the Figure 1a Structure shown bounded laterally by a concrete wall 12 . The ceiling formwork system 10 has a large number of ceiling formwork elements 14a to 14u , which are each designed as ceiling formwork panels. The ceiling formwork panels have a formwork wall, cross and longitudinal beams (in particular as longitudinal and transverse side walls).

Like in the Figure 1a 1, each of the floor form members 14a through 14u is supported at each of its four corners by a form support. For this purpose, the ceiling formwork system 10 has the formwork supports 16a to 16l and 18a to 18l . The formwork supports 18a to 18l are connected to a support head according to the invention, which is configured as a drop head. The structure of the prop head is described below with reference to the Figures 2a to 5 explained in more detail.

The formwork supports 18a to 18l allow so-called early stripping of the ceiling formwork elements 14a to 14u, ie removal of the ceiling formwork elements 14a to 14u before the ceiling has the required load-bearing capacity. The slab must therefore be further supported after early stripping. Conventionally, this is accomplished using so-called drophead supports, which allow at least part of the slab formwork to be dismantled, leaving the drophead supports in place to support the slab until it has the required stability.

In comparison, the prop heads fastened to the formwork props 18a to 18l are designed such that the formwork props 18a to 18l can be efficiently removed together with the prop heads during early stripping and can be replaced by simply constructed tubular steel props. This will be explained in more detail below with reference to the Figures 1b to 1f explained. Since the prop heads with the formwork props 18a to 18l are expensive compared to simply constructed tubular steel props, the number of prop heads used can be reduced and it is possible to lower the provision costs. The prop heads with the formwork props 18a to 18l can be used at an early stage for the next formwork operation, for example on a subsequent floor.

the Figure 2a shows a schematic perspective view of the prop head 20 and the formwork prop 18e together with the slab formwork elements 14j and 14k, the arrangement of which in the slab formwork system 10 in FIG Figure 1a are shown schematically. To simplify the illustration, the ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14h, which are also supported by the formwork support 18e, are shown in FIG Figure 2a not shown. the figures 2b and 2c show schematic side views corresponding to the representation of FIG Figure 2a . the figures 3a and 3b show schematic perspective views of the support head 20 without the ceiling formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j and 14k.

Each of the in the Figure 2a The ceiling formwork elements 14j and 14k shown have a formwork surface 22, at least one first carrier 24 and at least one second carrier 26 . Each of the beams 24 and 26 can be longitudinal beams or transverse beams and in particular form a longitudinal wall or a transverse wall. The support head 20 has a connection section 28 for connection to a shaft section 30 ( Figure 2a ) of the formwork prop 18e. Furthermore, the support head 20 has two support sections 32 and 34 . The support sections 32 and 34 are suitable for supporting the adjacent pair of slab formwork elements 14j and 14k whose formwork surfaces 22 adjoin one another, so that the slab formwork elements 14j and 14k are aligned with one another and thus form a common central axis. The first Beam 24 extends parallel to the common central axis of adjacent pair 14j and 14k. The second carrier 26 extends perpendicularly to the common central axis.

The ceiling formwork element 14j is supported on the first support section 32 . For this purpose, the first support section 32 has a bearing surface 36 ( Figure 3a ) on which rests a section of the first carrier 24 and/or a section of the second carrier 26 of the slab formwork element 14j. The first support section 32 therefore has at least one support point P ₁ ( Figure 2b ) on which the ceiling formwork element 14j rests.

The ceiling formwork element 14k is supported on the second support section 34 . For this purpose, the second support section 34 has a bearing surface 38 ( Figure 3b ) on which rests a section of the first carrier 24 and/or a section of the second carrier 26 of the slab formwork element 14k. The second support section 34 therefore has at least one support point P ₂ ( Figure 2b ) on which the slab formwork element 14k rests.

According to the first support portion 32 in the Figure 2a ceiling formwork element 14g, not shown, can be placed on top of it, for which purpose the first support section 32 has the bearing surface 40 . Furthermore, on the second support portion 34 in the Figure 2a ceiling formwork element 14h, not shown, can be placed on top, for which purpose the second support section 34 has the contact surface 42 . Each of these ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14h can therefore be supported on at least one support point on the respective support section 32, 34. The ceiling formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j and 14k are designed in such a way that their formwork surfaces 22 together form a combined formwork surface which covers the prop head 20 and the formwork prop 18 in a closed manner. In particular, the combined formwork surface is rectangular. For this purpose, each of the ceiling formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j and 14k has a projection on all four circumferential sides. The formwork surface 22 protrudes beyond the first carrier 24 and the second carrier 26 as a result of the overhang.

As is particularly clear in the Figure 2b can be seen, the two support points P ₁ and P ₂ for the ceiling formwork elements 14j and 14k arranged at the same formwork support height h ₁ . The same applies to the support points of the ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14h, not shown. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is accomplished in that the bearing surfaces 36, 38, 40 and 42 are arranged at the same height.

Due to the same formwork support height h ₁ , a stepless transition 43 is produced between the formwork surfaces 22 of the ceiling formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j and 14k, which are each in contact with the ceiling 44 to be produced. In the configuration of the support head 20, as shown in FIG Figure 2a 1, ceiling 44 is therefore cast.

The prop head 20 has an adjustment device 46 for moving the first support section 32 into an arrangement in which the slab formwork element 14j rests on at least one point P ₃ of the first support section 32 ( Figure 2c ) can be supported whose support height h ₂ is less than the formwork support height h ₁ . Correspondingly, in this arrangement of the first support section 32, the slab formwork element 14g (not shown in FIG Figure 2c ) supported on at least one lower support point of the support section 32. The deeper support points for the ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14j can be the same or different.

The lower support height can lead to a lowering of the supported section of the slab formwork elements 14g and 14j. However, it is also conceivable that the floor formwork elements 14g and 14j are supported by further formwork supports, so that the movement of the first support section 32 does not automatically lead to a lowering of the floor formwork elements 14g and 14j.

In the embodiment shown in the Figures 2a to 2c is shown, the adjusting device 46 has a rotary guide 47 via which the first support section 32 is pivotably articulated on the second support section 34 . The rotary guide 47 defines a rotary axis A which is horizontal and vertical is arranged to the common central axis of the ceiling formwork elements 14j and 14k.

The pivoting of the first support section 32 relative to the second support section 34 lowers the first support section 32 . Like in the Figure 2c shown, the axis of rotation A is located at a height h ₃ which is lower than the casing support height h ₁ . As a result, at least part of the movement of each of the engagement elements 50 of the first support section 32 has a directional component which is directed towards the slab formwork element 14g or 14j. The engagement elements 50 are designed as suspension hooks and engage with the second carrier 26 of the ceiling formwork elements 14g or 14j mounted on the first support section 32 . The engagement elements 50 each have an end engagement section 52 (in particular a hook-like projection) for engagement with a substantially horizontal shoulder 54 of the second carrier 26. This engagement provides protection against lifting for the ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14j. By configuring the movement of the engaging members 50 as described above, it is possible to release the engagement between the end engaging portion 52 and the substantially horizontal shoulder 54 . However, embodiments are also conceivable in which the first support section 32 has no anti-lift device, so that such a configuration of the movement is not necessary.

Like this below with reference to the Figures 1b to 1e is explained, the movement of the first support section 32 to provide a lower support height h ₂ allows efficient early stripping, in which the formwork supports 18a to 18l ( Figure 1a ) together with the associated support heads 20 can be replaced by simple tubular steel supports which attack the ceiling 44 without formwork. the Figures 1c to le illustrate cross sections corresponding to that in FIG Figure 1a specified cutting line AA. To simplify the presentation are in the Figures 1c to 1e the formwork props 18e and 18f and the prop heads 20 attached thereto are not shown in section.

In the case of the slab formwork system 10, it is therefore not necessary for the slab 44 to be supported by the formwork props 18a to 18l with the prop heads 20 attached thereto after the slab formwork elements 14a to 14u have been removed. This allows the slab formwork system 10 to be designed in such a way that by placing the slab formwork elements 14a to 14u on the support sections 32 and 34 of the prop heads 20, a slab formwork surface can be formed which covers the formwork supports 18a - 18l in a horizontally closed manner.

the Figure 1c shows the state before the start of early stripping, as it is in the Figure 1a is shown in plan view. In the Figure 1a 3, the support portions 32 and 34 of the support heads are shown schematically as rounded squares with four dots. In the case of the prop heads 20 of the slab props 18a to 18l, the two support section cuts 32, 34 are arranged in such a way that they form the encasing support height h ₁ for the slab formwork elements 14a to 14u resting on them.

The one in the Figure 1c Formwork support 16f shown is, like that in FIGS Figures 1a and 1b Formwork supports 16a to 16e and 16g to 16l shown each have a simply constructed jet pipe support without support head 20, as with reference to FIG Figures 2a to 6 is described.

For early stripping, a detachable locking device 56 ( figures 2a and 2 B ) solved, which is designed in the illustrated embodiments as a wedge lock. However, other designs of the releasable locking device 56 are also conceivable.

the Figure 1d illustrates a condition which results from the release of the locking devices 56. By releasing the locking devices 56, the first support portion 32 of the respective support head 20 moves in the Figure 2c Arrangement shown, in which the ceiling formwork element 14j is supported on the formwork supports 18e and 18g at the lower support height h ₂ .

The slab formwork element 14k is also supported by the second support sections 34 of the formwork supports 18e and 18g at the formwork support height h ₁ . The ceiling 44 is therefore sufficiently stabilized in the area of the ceiling formwork element 14k and this prevents an excessively large support-free zone from occurring, through which the concrete of the ceiling 44 could be damaged.

Starting from the state, which in the Figure 1d for tubular steel support 16f, tubular steel supports 16f and 16g ( Figure 1a ) are lowered and removed and the slab formwork element 14j, as shown in FIG Figure 1e is shown to be switched off. Due to the fact that the engagement elements 50 ( Figure 2c ) are provided, which are designed as suspension hooks, the slab formwork element 14j can be pivoted down for stripping (illustrated by the arrow 58 in Fig Figure 1e ). The pivoting down can be done, for example, with the help of a formwork aid, not shown. The ceiling formwork element 14j can then be released from engagement with the engagement elements 50 by the ceiling formwork system being unhooked from the suspension hooks.

The state after stripping the ceiling formwork element 14j is in the figures 1b and 1f shown. The lowered first support sections 32 of the support heads 20 on the formwork supports 18e and 18g are in FIG Figure 1b marked by crosses. The support points, which are located at the formwork support height h ₁ , are marked by dots. As therefore in the Figure 1b is shown, the slab formwork element 14k is supported by the second support sections 34 of the support heads 20 on the formwork supports 18e and 18g at the formwork support height h ₁ . As a result, the slab is sufficiently supported in the area of the slab formwork element 14k.

Furthermore, as in the Figure 1b is shown, the slab formwork elements 14g and 14m are supported at three corners on the formwork support height h1. This also provides sufficient support for the ceiling 44 in the area of these ceiling formwork elements.

In the event that instead of the tubular steel supports 16a to 16l ( Figure 1b ) Double supports are used, each of which supports two adjacent ceiling formwork elements, when the ceiling formwork element 14j is removed, there is no further support for the ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14m in accordance with those in FIG Figure 1b tubular steel supports 16e and 16h shown. As a rule, however, the floor formwork elements 14g and 14m are sufficiently stabilized by the concrete wall 12 so that it is not necessary to attach further supports in order to stabilize the floor formwork elements 14g and 14m. If the ceiling formwork elements 14g and 14m are not sufficiently stabilized by the concrete wall 12, it is conceivable to temporarily attach tubular steel supports for stabilization.

Like in the Figure 1f As shown, after the removal of the slab formwork element 14j, the area of the slab 44 which was shuttered by the slab formwork element 14j is supported by tubular steel supports 60 and 62 .

In further steps of early stripping, the other floor formwork elements (14a to 14i and 14k to 14u) and the formwork props (18a to 18l) can be removed one after the other together with the prop heads 20 attached to them and replaced by tubular steel props. The support head 20 allows this operation to be carried out efficiently without creating too large a support-free zone. To remove the formwork supports 18a to 18l, they each have a height adjustment device for adjusting the height of the entire support head 20. The height adjustment device can be designed, for example, for a telescopic height adjustment.

In the condition he is in Figure 1f is shown, a torque is exerted on the prop head 20, which is connected to the formwork prop 18e, which is generated by the vertical load of the slab formwork element 14k and the supporting force of the shaft section 30. By the missing This torque cannot be compensated for in ceiling formwork element 14j.

In order to support this torque and thereby keep the maintenance and repair costs for the formwork prop 18e low, the prop head 20 has a moment support 64 ( Figures 2a to 2c , 3a and 3b ) on. The moment support 64 is in engagement with the slab formwork elements supported on the second support section 34, ie in particular with the one in FIG Figure 1f slab formwork element 14k shown, and is rigidly connected to the second support section 34.

The moment support 64 has a support section 66 which is arranged in a gap 68 which is formed by all the ceiling formwork elements 14g, 14h, 14j, 14k which can be placed on the support head 20. The first support section 66 is in engagement with an outside vertical surface 70 of those slab formwork elements 14h and 14k which are supported on the second support section 34 . The outside vertical surface 70 is the surface of the second beam 26. Through the support portion 66, the second support portion 34 is supported horizontally on each of the slab form members 14h and 14k.

The torque is already effectively supported by the support section 66 . An even better support of the torque is brought about by one or more further support sections 72 , through which the second support section 34 is also supported in the horizontal direction on the supported ceiling formwork elements 14h and 14k. The further support sections 72 are each in engagement with a vertical surface 74 of the corresponding ceiling formwork element 14h and 14k, which faces towards the interior of the respective ceiling formwork element 14h and 14k. The inward facing vertical surface 74 is a surface of the second beam 26 of the respective slab form members 14h and 14k. As in particular in the Figure 2b is shown, the support section 66 and the further support sections 72 support the second support section 34 on the slab formwork elements 14h and 14k resting on it at different heights and in two opposite horizontal directions. Of the Support section 66 acts at a greater height than the other support sections 72.

the Figures 4a to 5 show alternative embodiments for the support head 20, in which the guide 78 of the adjustment device 46 is designed differently. the figures 4a and 4b show an embodiment in which the guide 78 is designed as a sliding guide, specifically as a linear guide. The linear guide has a guide arm 84 on which a guide sleeve 86 is arranged so that it can move longitudinally. An axis B of the guide arm 84 extends parallel to a longitudinal axis C of the formwork prop (18a to 18l) to which the prop head 20 is attached. the Figure 4a shows the state in which the slab formwork elements are supported on both support sections 32 and 34 at the formwork support height h ₁ . the Figure 4b shows the state in which the first support section 32 is lowered in order to support the slab formwork elements supported thereon at the lowered support height h ₂ .

the figure 5 shows another alternative embodiment for the support head 20, in which the displacement guide is designed as a link guide. The link guide can be configured so that the guide path of the first support portion 32 is linear. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the link guide is designed in such a way that the guideway of the first support section 32 runs in a curved manner. In the in the figure 5 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the link guide has the links 88 which are arranged so as to be movable relative to the fixed sliding blocks 90 . However, other configurations of the connecting link guide are also conceivable. Through the in the figure 5 With the link guide shown, it is possible in particular for the guide track of the link guide to be designed in such a way that at least part of the movement of the first support section 32 has a directional component which is directed towards those ceiling formwork elements which are supported on the first support section 32. As discussed above with respect to the rotary guide 47 ( Figures 2a to 3b ) has been described, this enables the slab formwork elements to be easily disengaged from the engaging portion 52 of the engaging element 50 .

The exemplary embodiments shown thus provide a support head 20, a ceiling formwork system 10 and a method which enable efficient production of a ceiling 44 from solidifiable filling material, such as concrete.

In 6 a longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of a support head 20 ^(I) according to the invention is shown. The guide 78 is designed as a rotary sliding guide. For this purpose, the guide 78 has a slot 92 which is aligned in the vertical direction. The elongated hole 92 is formed at one end 94 of the first support section 32 , the end 94 being arranged on the second support section 34 or interacting with the second support section 34 . A sliding block 90 ^(I) formed on the second support section 34 is located in the elongated hole 92 and is fixed in place in the second support section 34 . A pawl 98 is positioned in a pivot bearing 96 of the second support section 34 . The pawl 98 is in a 6 shown first end position 100 at the end 94 of the first support section 32 with the slot 92. The first support portion 32 occupies a first storage position 102 where the support point P ₁ is at the shuttering support height h ₁ . The sliding block 90 ^(I) is located at the lower end 104 of the slot 92. In this fourth embodiment, as well as in the Figures 2a to 3b shown embodiment, the first support section 32 is formed in one piece and is connected to the second support section 34 via the adjusting device 46 .

In 7 1 is a longitudinal section through the prop head 20 ^(I) in the fourth embodiment after lowering the first support portion 32 compared to the second support portion 34 by pivoting the first support portion 32 after releasing the locking device 56. The pawl 98 remains in the first end position 100. The sliding block 90 ^(I) is still located at the lower end 104 of the elongated hole 92. The bearing surface 36 has an oblique alignment in comparison to the vertical direction.

In 8 1 is a longitudinal section through the strut head 20 ^(I) in the fourth embodiment, with the first strut section 32 assuming a second storage position 106 . The first support portion 32 is on the dissolved Locking device 56 on. The bearing surface 36 of the first support section 32 is aligned parallel to the bearing surface 38 of the second support section 34 . The sliding block 90 ^(I) is located at the upper end 108 of the slot 92 of the guide 78. To reach the second storage position 106 of the first support section 32, after the in 7 pivoting of the first support section 32 as shown, the elongated hole 92 is guided in the vertical direction downwards along the sliding block 90 ^(I) , for example due to the load of the ceiling formwork element 14j resting on the bearing surface 36 (see Fig. Figure 2b ). The pawl 98 is in a second end position 110 in which the pawl 98 fixes the first support section 32 in the second storage position 106 and prevents the first support section 32 from being displaced from the second storage position 106 . In this case, the pawl 98 forms a locking angle 112 in this end position, with the pawl 98 tilting in the pivot bearing 96 in relation to the vertical direction. Below the locking angle 112, the locking pawl 98 can no longer be rotated back into its first end position by a movement of the first support section 32 in the vertical direction upwards and blocks a displacement of the first support section 32 in the vertical direction upwards. To reach the second end position 110, the pawl 98 arranged in the pivot bearing 96 automatically falls out of its first end position 100 (see Fig. 6 ) and slides in a rotating movement at the end 94 of the first support section 32 with the elongated hole 92 along the outer contour of the first support section 32 into the second end position 110.

In 9 a longitudinal section through the support head 20 ^(I) in the fourth embodiment is shown with a detailed view of the rotary bearing 96, with the first support section 32 assuming the second bearing position 106. In its second end position 110 , the pawl 98 bears against the first support section 32 . The pivot bearing 96 has a bulge 120 at the upper end of which an inwardly curved stop 122 for the pawl 98 is formed. When a force acts on the first support section 32 in a vertical upward direction, the rotational movement of the pawl 98 resulting from this force is blocked by the stop 122 . The pawl 98 is no longer in its first end position 100 (see Fig. 6 ) can be turned back. The pawl 98 thus blocks displacement of the first support section 32 in vertical direction upwards. The pawl 98 can be released from its locking function manually and moved back to the first end position 100 .

In 10 An isometric view of the pawl 98 is shown. The pawl 98 has a reach-through opening 114 . It is possible to reach through the reach-through opening 114, for example with a finger, in order to remove the pawl from the second end position 110 (see Fig. 8 ) to the first end position 100 (s. 6 ) to move back. The pawl 98 also has two locking edges 116a, 116b which are attached to the first support section 32 (see Fig. 8 ) issue. The pawl 98 can be pivoted in the rotary bearing 96 (see Fig. 6 ) are attached and guided.

A prop head (20, 20 ^(I) ) is therefore disclosed for attachment to a formwork prop (18a - 18l), for forming a ceiling (44) with the aid of a large number of ceiling formwork elements (14a - 14u), each of which has a formwork surface (22) exhibit. The support head (20, 20 ^(I) ) has two support sections (32, 34) suitable for supporting at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements (14j, 14k) of the plurality of floor formwork elements (14a - 14u). The prop head (20, 20 ^(I) ) has an adjustment device (46) for moving a first of the support sections (32) into an arrangement in which the slab formwork element (14j) that can be placed on the first support section (32) rests on at least one lower-lying Support point (P ₃ ) can be supported, which has a lower support height (h ₂ ) than a formwork support height (h ₁ ). The support point (P ₂ ) of the second support section (34) remains at the shuttering support height (h ₁ ).

Claims (12)

1. Support head (20, 20^(I)) for attachment to a formwork support (18a - 181) for creating the formwork for a floor (44) using a large number of floor formwork elements (14a - 14u) which each have a form surface (22); wherein the support head (20, 20^(I)) has:

   a connecting portion (28) for connecting the support head (20, 20^(I)) to a shaft portion (30) of the formwork support (18a - 181);

   two support portions (32, 34) suitable for supporting at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements (14j, 14k) of the large number of floor formwork elements (14a - 14u) such that each one of the floor formwork elements (14j, 14k) of the adjacent pair can be mounted on each of the support portions (32, 34) on at least one mounting point (P₁, P₂);

   wherein the mounting points (P₁, P₂) have a substantially equal formwork mounting height (h₁);

   wherein the support head (20, 20^(I)) has an adjustment device (46) which for moving a first support portion (32) into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element (14j) which can be mounted on the first support portion (32) can be mounted thereon on at least one subjacent mounting point (P₃) which is at a lower mounting height (h₂) than the formwork mounting height (h₁) has a guide (78), which is designed as a rotary sliding guide having an elongate hole (92) for lowering the first support portion (32) in a vertical direction;

   wherein the mounting point (P₂) of the second support portion (34) at the lower mounting height (h₂) remains at the formwork mounting height (h₁).
2. Support head (20, 20^(I)) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment device (46) is designed such that by the movement of the first support portion (32) at least one part of the first support portion (32) is lowered.
3. Support head (20, 20^(I)) according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongate hole (92) is formed in one end (94) of the first support portion (32).
4. Support head (20, 20^(I)) according to claim 3, characterized in that a pawl (98) is arranged in a rotary bearing (96) of the support head (20, 20^(I)), wherein the pawl (98) rests in a first end position (100) on the end (94) of the first support portion (32) having the elongate hole (92) when the first support portion (32) assumes a first bearing position (102) in which the mounting point P₁ of the first support portion (32) is located at the formwork mounting height (h₁), wherein the pawl (98) automatically slips, when the first support portion (32) is lowered, into a second end position (110), by means of which a second bearing position (106) of the first support portion (32) is immovably secured.
5. Support head (20, 20^(I)) according to claim 4, characterized in that the pawl (98) has a reach-through opening (114).
6. Support head (20, 20^(I)) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjustment device (46) has a releasable locking device (56) which releasably locks the movement of the first support portion (32).
7. Floor formwork system (10), having:

   a large number of formwork supports (18a - 18p) to each of which a support head (20, 20^(I)) according to any of claims 1 to 6 is attached, and

   the large number of floor formwork elements (14a - 14u).
8. Floor formwork system (10) according to either claim 7, wherein the support head (20, 20^(I)) has a moment support (64) which is designed to engage with one of the floor formwork elements (14a - 14u) when said element is mounted on the second support portion (34);
   wherein the moment support (64) is designed to support a torque which is exerted on the support head (20, 20^(I)) by a vertical load of the floor formwork element (14a- 14u) mounted on the second support portion (34).
9. Floor formwork system (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the moment support (64) has a supporting portion (66) which is designed to horizontally support the second support portion (34) on a floor formwork element (14a - 14u) mounted thereon.
10. Floor formwork system (10) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the moment support (64) has two supporting portions (66, 72) which are each designed to horizontally support the second support portion (34) on a floor formwork element (14a - 14u) mounted thereon;
    wherein the two supporting portions (66, 72) support the second support portion (34) on the floor formwork element (14a - 14u) mounted thereon at different heights and in two opposite horizontal directions.
11. Floor formwork system (10) according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the formwork supports (18a - 18p) each have a height-adjustment means for simultaneously adjusting the height of the first and the second support portion (32, 34).
12. Method for stripping a floor (44) to be produced using a settable filler material such as concrete;

    wherein a floor formwork for an underside of the floor (44) to be produced has a large number of floor formwork elements (14a - 14u) and a large number of formwork supports (18a- 18l);

    wherein at least one of the formwork supports (18a - 181) is connected to a support head (20, 20^(I)) according to any of claims 1 to 6 which has two support portions (32, 34), on which at least one pair of adjacent floor formwork elements (14j, 14k) of the large number of floor formwork elements (14a - 14u) is mounted such that on each of the support portions (32, 34) one of the floor formwork elements (14j, 14k) of the adjacent pair is mounted respectively on at least one mounting point (P₁, P2);

    wherein the mounting points (P₁, P2) have a substantially equal formwork mounting height (h1);

    wherein the method comprises:

    moving a first of the support portions (32) into an arrangement in which the floor formwork element (14j) mounted on the first support portion (32) can be mounted on at least one subjacent mounting point (P₃) which is at a lower mounting height (h₂) than the formwork mounting height (h₁);

    wherein at the lower mounting height (h₂), the mounting point (P₂) of the second support portion (34) remains at the formwork mounting height (h₁); and

    wherein the method further comprises stripping the floor formwork element (14j) mounted on the first support portion (32).

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